+---
+title: Roof Specialties and Copings
+category: Building Envelope
+toc_depth: 3
+description: >
+ When to use: Factory-engineered, catalog manufactured roof specialty
+ components at the perimeter and termination of low-slope (≤ 3:12) commercial,
+ institutional, and light-industrial roofs — manufactured coping cap systems
+ (concealed-cleat snap-lock or face-fastened), gravel stops and fasciae,
+ counterflashing reglet systems, roof expansion-joint covers, and scuppers and
+ overflow assemblies, supplied as ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435/ES-1 wind-uplift tested and
+ labeled proprietary assemblies in prefinished steel, aluminum, copper, or zinc,
+ for new construction and re-roofing.
+ Not intended for: Custom shop- or field-formed sheet metal copings, gravel
+ stops, counterflashings, gutters, and downspouts (use
+ [[sync/sheet-metal-flashing-and-trim]]); membrane field roofing and
+ factory-integrated NDL warranty edge metal (use [[sync/membrane-roofing]]);
+ structural standing-seam or through-fastened metal roof panels (use
+ [[sync/metal-roof-panels]]); below-grade waterproofing terminations and
+ embedded reglets; mechanical equipment roof curbs (mechanical scope); and wood
+ nailers and blocking (rough carpentry — see [[sync/wood-roof-trusses]] for
+ related framing).
+---
+
+# Scope {toc}
+
+## This standard covers factory-engineered, catalog manufactured roof specialty assemblies used at the perimeter and termination of low-slope roofs, including manufactured coping cap systems, gravel stops and fasciae, counterflashing reglet systems, roof expansion-joint covers, and scuppers and overflow assemblies. {note}
+
+## The defining characteristic of work under this standard is that the assembly is a tested, listed, proprietary product — supplied with a manufacturer wind-uplift classification, installation instructions, and a product warranty — rather than a custom item formed from flat stock to SMACNA geometry details. {note}
+
+## The single clearest organizational signal for which standard governs is the work's place in the project manual: roof specialties (manufactured catalog assemblies) are organizationally distinct from sheet metal flashing and trim (custom formed work), and a given roof edge is specified under one standard or the other, never both. {note}
+
+## Manufactured systems are the predominant choice on commercial work today because the ES-1 test documentation and finish warranties are supplied with the product, simplifying both code compliance and closeout. {note}
+
+## All manufactured roof specialties at low-slope roof edges shall comply with ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435/ES-1 and shall carry a tested classification to or above the project design wind pressure.
+
+## Each assembly shall be supplied as a complete system from a single manufacturer, including caps, cleats or receivers, factory corners, end dams, splice or closure plates, and fasteners.
+
+## Where this standard and [[sync/sheet-metal-flashing-and-trim]] both cite ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435/ES-1, the overlap is intentional because the code requirement applies regardless of fabrication method.
+
+## The spec writer shall not apply both standards to the same roof edge.
+
+# Referenced Standards {toc}
+
+## Equipment, materials, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
+
+## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
+
+| Standard | Title |
+|----------|-------|
+| ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435/ES-1 | Test Standard for Edge Systems Used with Low Slope Roofing Systems |
+| FM Global Approval Standard 4435 | Approval Standard for Edge Systems Used with Low Slope Roofing Systems |
+| IBC Section 1504.5 | Roof Edge Metal Wind Resistance |
+| ASTM A653/A653M | Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process |
+| ASTM A792/A792M | Steel Sheet, 55% Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated (Galvalume) by the Hot-Dip Process |
+| ASTM B209/B209M | Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate |
+| ASTM B370 | Copper Sheet and Strip for Building Construction |
+| ASTM C920 | Elastomeric Joint Sealants |
+| AAMA 2605 | Superior Performing Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels (70% PVDF) |
+| AAMA 2604 | High Performance Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels (50% PVDF) |
+| AAMA 2603 | Pigmented Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels (commercial polyester) |
+| AAMA 611 | Anodized Architectural Aluminum |
+| SMACNA Architectural Sheet Metal Manual | Architectural Sheet Metal Manual |
+| ASCE 7 | Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures |
+
+# Submittals {toc}
+
+## Action Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following action submittals for review before fabrication:
+- Product data for each manufactured roof specialty, including the manufacturer's published ES-1 classification, profile, substrate, gauge, and finish system.
+- Shop drawings showing profiles, dimensions, parapet bearing, cleat type and spacing, expansion-joint locations, and factory corner and end-dam details, drawn to the field-measured as-built conditions.
+- Samples of each exposed finish and color on the specified substrate and gauge.
+- Finish color selection samples covering the manufacturer's full standard and premium color ranges.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Action submittals required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Product data with ES-1 classification
+ - Shop drawings to field-measured conditions
+ - Finish and color samples on actual substrate
+ - Color selection range samples
+default:
+ - Product data with ES-1 classification
+ - Shop drawings to field-measured conditions
+ - Finish and color samples on actual substrate
+ - Color selection range samples
+```
+
+## Informational Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following informational submittals:
+- ES-1 test report or current listing certificate from an accredited laboratory, showing the tested classification and allowable design pressure for the submitted profile, substrate, and gauge.
+- Manufacturer's printed installation instructions, including cleat fastening pattern and sealant requirements.
+- Evidence of FM Global approval where the project is FM-insured.
+- Sample warranty documents for both the finish and the assembly.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Informational submittals required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - ES-1 test report or listing certificate
+ - Manufacturer installation instructions
+ - FM Global approval evidence
+ - Sample finish and assembly warranties
+default:
+ - ES-1 test report or listing certificate
+ - Manufacturer installation instructions
+ - Sample finish and assembly warranties
+```
+
+## Closeout Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following closeout submittals before final acceptance:
+- Executed finish warranty in the Owner's name for the specified term.
+- Executed assembly or watertightness warranty where offered by the manufacturer.
+- Record shop drawings reflecting as-installed conditions.
+- Maintenance data describing inspection intervals, sealant maintenance, and cleaning of the finish.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Closeout submittals required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Executed finish warranty
+ - Executed assembly warranty
+ - Record shop drawings
+ - Maintenance data
+default:
+ - Executed finish warranty
+ - Record shop drawings
+ - Maintenance data
+```
+
+# Quality Assurance {toc}
+
+## Manufactured roof specialties shall be the products of a manufacturer regularly engaged in producing ES-1 tested edge systems with installations of similar scope in service for at least five years. {note}
+
+## The installer shall be experienced in the installation of the specified manufactured edge system and shall follow the manufacturer's printed instructions.
+
+## The Contractor shall verify all profile dimensions against the field-measured as-built parapet, fascia, and wall conditions before fabrication; manufactured copings are supplied in discrete width increments and design-drawing dimensions are frequently superseded by as-built construction.
+
+## Field measurement after the parapet masonry or framing is complete is mandatory, because shop drawings prepared from design dimensions routinely require revision once the wall is built. {note}
+
+## Substituting a lighter gauge, a different substrate, or an alternate profile voids the manufacturer's ES-1 classification even where the profile appears identical; any substitution shall be re-verified against a tested classification at or above the design wind pressure.
+
+## A pre-installation conference shall be held with the roofing membrane installer to coordinate the sequence of base flashing termination and coping cleat installation.
+
+# Wind Resistance and ES-1 Classification {toc}
+
+## IBC Section 1504.5 requires roof edge metal on low-slope roofs to be tested and labeled to ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435/ES-1 at the design wind pressure; ES-1 is a test method with several classifications, so naming the standard alone does not define the requirement. {note}
+
+## The specification shall state the actual design wind pressure in pounds per square foot, derived from ASCE 7 Components and Cladding provisions for the roof edge zone, so that a product with an adequate tested classification can be selected.
+
+## Specifying "ES-1 compliant" without stating the design wind pressure is the single most common roof-edge error; the design pressure governs which tested classification is acceptable.
+
+## "ES-1 compliant" without a stated design wind pressure shall not be used as the specification requirement.
+
+## The ES-1 design classification expresses what the assembly resists: RE-1 covers horizontal force on gravel stops and fasciae, RE-2 covers combined horizontal pullover and vertical uplift on copings, and RE-3 covers combined loading on edge metal with a significant vertical face. {note}
+
+## All manufactured copings shall carry an RE-2 classification because a coping is loaded in both horizontal pullover and vertical uplift.
+
+## Manufactured gravel stops and fasciae shall carry at minimum an RE-1 classification, or RE-2 where the vertical face is significant.
+
+```datasheet
+label: ES-1 design classification required
+type: radio
+options:
+ - RE-1 (gravel stop / fascia, horizontal force)
+ - RE-2 (coping, horizontal pullover and vertical uplift)
+ - RE-3 (edge metal with vertical face, combined loading)
+default: RE-2 (coping, horizontal pullover and vertical uplift)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Design wind pressure (uplift) for roof edge zone
+type: range
+unit: psf
+min: 15
+max: 120
+step: 5
+drawing_ref: "structural / wind design criteria"
+```
+
+## On FM Global insured projects the edge system shall additionally hold a current FM Global Approval to Standard 4435 at or above the design pressure.
+
+```datasheet
+label: FM Global Approval to Standard 4435 required
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Required (FM-insured project)
+ - Not required
+default: Not required
+```
+
+# Materials and Substrates {toc}
+
+## Substrate selection balances first cost, corrosion exposure, and target service life: prefinished steel is the lowest-cost durable option, aluminum is the commercial default for its corrosion resistance and finish range, and copper is reserved for historic, institutional, and high-end work where natural patina is desired. {note}
+
+## Aluminum coping and fascia components shall conform to ASTM B209/B209M, alloy 3003, 3105, or 5005, in the specified thickness.
+
+## Prefinished steel components shall conform to ASTM A653/A653M (galvanized, G-90 coating class) or ASTM A792/A792M (55% aluminum-zinc alloy coated), in the specified gauge.
+
+## Copper components shall conform to ASTM B370, cold-rolled temper, in the specified weight.
+
+## The cap material gauge shall be selected for the parapet width and wind exposure; the 80% case is 0.050 in aluminum or 24 ga prefinished steel, with heavier material on wide parapets or in high-wind zones. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Cap substrate and finish
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Aluminum, 70% PVDF (AAMA 2605)
+ - Aluminum, 50% PVDF (AAMA 2604)
+ - Aluminum, Class I anodize (AAMA 611)
+ - Prefinished Galvalume steel, 70% PVDF
+ - Prefinished galvanized steel (G-90), 70% PVDF
+ - Copper, mill finish (natural patina)
+default: Aluminum, 70% PVDF (AAMA 2605)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Aluminum cap thickness
+type: radio
+unit: in
+options:
+ - "0.032"
+ - "0.040"
+ - "0.050"
+ - "0.063"
+default: "0.050"
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Prefinished steel cap gauge
+type: radio
+options:
+ - 24 ga
+ - 22 ga
+default: 24 ga
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Copper cap weight
+type: radio
+unit: oz
+options:
+ - 16 oz
+ - 20 oz
+default: 16 oz
+```
+
+# Finish and Coating System {toc}
+
+## The exterior coating system is the primary driver of color retention and warranty period; 70% PVDF fluoropolymer is the de-facto requirement for exposed commercial coping caps, with lower-cost coatings acceptable only where a shorter finish life is accepted. {note}
+
+## Exposed factory finishes on aluminum and steel caps shall be a 70% PVDF fluoropolymer meeting AAMA 2605 unless a lower-performance coating is specified.
+
+## A 50% PVDF coating meeting AAMA 2604 may be specified where a 35-year finish life is not required.
+
+## A commercial polyester coating meeting AAMA 2603 may be specified only on light-industrial or secondary work where a short finish life is acceptable.
+
+## Anodized aluminum, where specified, shall be Class I architectural anodize per AAMA 611 with a minimum coating thickness of 0.7 mil, and is preferred on high-end and coastal projects.
+
+## Copper shall be furnished mill finish and allowed to weather to natural patina.
+
+## Lacquered or pre-patinated copper shall be furnished only where specified.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Coating warranty term (finish)
+type: radio
+unit: yr
+options:
+ - 35 (70% PVDF, AAMA 2605)
+ - 20 (50% PVDF, AAMA 2604)
+ - 10 (commercial polyester, AAMA 2603)
+default: 35 (70% PVDF, AAMA 2605)
+```
+
+# Coping Cap Systems {toc}
+
+## Attachment Method {toc}
+
+### Coping attachment is the defining choice for a coping system: a continuous concealed cleat with a snap-lock cap conceals all fasteners and is the commercial standard, while a face-fastened cap is lower-cost and code-compliant but exposes fasteners and is generally limited to simple industrial work. {note}
+
+### Many face-fastened profiles do not hold an RE-2 classification at higher wind pressures.
+
+### The attachment method shall be verified against the tested classification rather than assumed interchangeable.
+
+### Coping caps shall be installed over a continuous concealed cleat with a snap-lock or hooked engagement unless a face-fastened system is specified.
+
+### A continuous cleat shall be fabricated from minimum 16 ga G-90 galvanized steel and secured to the substrate at the spacing required by the tested classification.
+
+### Cleat fasteners shall be spaced at a maximum of 12 in on center, reduced to 6 in on center where required by FM Global or by the tested classification in high-wind zones.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Coping attachment method
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Continuous concealed cleat, snap-lock cap (one-piece)
+ - Two-piece pressure-equalized (extruded receiver, snap-on cap)
+ - Face-fastened cap (exposed fasteners)
+default: Continuous concealed cleat, snap-lock cap (one-piece)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Continuous cleat fastener spacing
+type: radio
+unit: in o.c.
+options:
+ - 12 (standard)
+ - 6 (high-wind / FM)
+default: 12 (standard)
+```
+
+## Profile and Geometry {toc}
+
+### The coping profile shall match the actual as-built parapet width, with the inside leg, outside face height, and slope-to-drain direction coordinated to the field conditions.
+
+### Mismatching the coping profile to the actual parapet width is a frequent source of rework, because manufactured copings are produced in discrete width increments; the profile shall be selected against the field-measured parapet, not the design dimension. {note}
+
+### Coping caps shall be sloped to drain toward the roof side of the parapet unless the design directs otherwise.
+
+### The inside leg shall extend below the membrane base flashing termination or termination bar by at least 1 in.
+
+### Each side of the cap shall bear at least 2-1/2 in on the parapet to engage the cleat and resist pullover.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Parapet nominal width
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 6
+max: 24
+step: 2
+drawing_ref: "wall sections / parapet detail"
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Coping slope direction
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Slope to roof side
+ - Slope to exterior face
+ - Center crown (slope both ways)
+default: Slope to roof side
+```
+
+## Joints, Splices, and Corners {toc}
+
+### Adjacent coping sections accommodate thermal movement through an open slip joint, not a rigid butt joint, because a rigidly joined run will buckle or open the sealant as the metal expands. {note}
+
+### Coping shall be installed in lengths not exceeding 10 ft between expansion joints, per SMACNA Architectural Sheet Metal Manual guidance.
+
+### Each expansion joint shall be an open slip joint with a nominal 3/16 in gap backed by a closed-cell backer rod and sealant.
+
+### Coping expansion joints shall not be rigidly butt-joined.
+
+### Joint sealant shall be an ASTM C920 Type S, Grade NS, Class 25 or 50 polyurethane or silicone, color-matched to the cap finish.
+
+### Sealant shall be applied to allow full joint movement and shall not bridge the joint rigidly.
+
+### Inside and outside corners shall be factory-fabricated mitered units; field-mitered corners shall not be used unless an engineered, tested field-miter detail is provided.
+
+### Field-mitered corners are a common source of leaks and do not satisfy most ES-1 tested assemblies, which is why factory corners are required by default. {note}
+
+### End dams shall be provided as a required accessory at all coping terminations, at penetrations, and at changes in direction.
+
+### Omitting end dams at terminations allows wind-driven water to enter the parapet cavity.
+
+### Open coping ends shall never be left without an end dam.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Corner fabrication
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Factory-fabricated mitered corners
+ - Engineered tested field-miter detail
+default: Factory-fabricated mitered corners
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Joint sealant chemistry
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Polyurethane (ASTM C920 Class 25)
+ - Polyurethane (ASTM C920 Class 50)
+ - Silicone (ASTM C920 Class 50)
+default: Silicone (ASTM C920 Class 50)
+```
+
+# Gravel Stops and Fasciae {toc}
+
+## A gravel stop retains aggregate ballast at an unparapeted roof edge with a raised lip, while a fascia is a flat closure trim; the choice is driven by the roofing system and the desired edge appearance. {note}
+
+## Gravel stop and fascia components shall be furnished in the specified substrate and finish to match the coping system on the same building.
+
+## Gravel stops and fasciae shall carry the ES-1 classification specified for the roof edge, with a minimum vertical face height as scheduled.
+
+## Gravel stops shall include a raised interior lip sized to retain the specified ballast depth.
+
+## The horizontal roof flange shall be set into the membrane or stripped in per the membrane manufacturer's edge detail, coordinated with [[sync/membrane-roofing]].
+
+```datasheet
+label: Edge specialty type
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Gravel stop (raised lip, ballast retention)
+ - Fascia (flat closure trim)
+default: Fascia (flat closure trim)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Vertical face height
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 4
+max: 12
+step: 1
+default: 6
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Gravel stop / fascia attachment
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Continuous concealed cleat
+ - Face-fastened
+default: Continuous concealed cleat
+```
+
+# Counterflashing Reglet Systems {toc}
+
+## The reglet type shall be selected to match the actual wall construction, because a cast-in reglet cannot be installed in existing masonry and a surface-mounted reglet on an uneven face leaks; failing to match the reglet type to the substrate is a recurring source of leaks. {note}
+
+## The reglet type shall be confirmed against the as-built wall before ordering.
+
+## Surface-mounted (face) reglets shall be formed aluminum or galvanized steel, mechanically fastened and sealed to the wall, and used where the wall is existing or where embedment is not feasible.
+
+## Cast-in reglets shall be plastic or galvanized steel channel set into concrete formwork before the pour, and used only on new cast-in-place concrete.
+
+## Slotted reglets shall be mechanically inserted into a raked masonry mortar joint and used where a clean mortar-joint reception is available.
+
+## Counterflashing shall be a removable, spring-locked or wedge-locked insert that engages the reglet and laps the membrane base flashing by at least 4 in.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Reglet type
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Surface-mounted (face reglet)
+ - Cast-in (concrete embedment)
+ - Slotted (masonry mortar joint)
+default: Surface-mounted (face reglet)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Reglet / counterflashing material
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Aluminum
+ - Galvanized steel (G-90)
+ - Stainless steel
+ - Copper
+default: Aluminum
+```
+
+# Roof Expansion-Joint Covers {toc}
+
+## A manufactured roof expansion-joint cover spans a building movement joint with a bellows or slide cover over a compressible filler, accommodating differential movement while maintaining watertightness. {note}
+
+## The expansion-joint cover shall be selected to accommodate the design joint movement and shall maintain watertightness through the full range of movement.
+
+## The cover shall be furnished with factory-fabricated corners, tees, and end terminations matched to the joint geometry.
+
+## The cover flange shall be integrated with the membrane base flashing per the membrane manufacturer's detail, coordinated with [[sync/membrane-roofing]].
+
+```datasheet
+label: Expansion-joint cover type
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Metal bellows cover
+ - Metal slide cover over compressible filler
+ - Elastomeric flexible cover
+default: Metal bellows cover
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Total movement accommodation
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 1
+max: 4
+step: 0.5
+default: 2
+```
+
+# Scuppers and Overflow Assemblies {toc}
+
+## A manufactured scupper is a factory-formed through-wall drainage outlet with an integral flange for membrane integration, used for primary or overflow drainage at the parapet. {note}
+
+## Through-wall scuppers shall be furnished with an integral roof-side flange sized for stripping into the membrane per the membrane manufacturer's detail.
+
+## Overflow scuppers shall be set with the invert above the primary drainage level by the height required by the plumbing code, with location and invert elevation coordinated on the drawings.
+
+## Scupper material and finish shall match the adjacent coping or fascia on the same elevation.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Scupper material
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Aluminum
+ - Copper
+ - Galvanized steel (G-90)
+ - Stainless steel
+default: Aluminum
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Scupper function
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Primary drainage
+ - Overflow (secondary)
+ - Combined primary and overflow
+default: Primary drainage
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Scupper opening size (width x height)
+type: text
+drawing_ref: "roof plan / scupper schedule"
+```
+
+# Substrate, Blocking, and Galvanic Isolation {toc}
+
+## Manufactured coping cleats require a solid substrate to carry the fastener loads; roofing insulation, gypsum sheathing, or a vapor retarder alone cannot anchor the cleat, so a continuous wood nailer or structural blocking is mandatory. {note}
+
+## A continuous wood nailer of minimum nominal 2x (1.5 in actual) thickness shall be provided at the parapet and roof edge, fastened per the structural engineer's requirements.
+
+## Coping and edge-metal fasteners shall engage the wood nailer or structural substrate, not the insulation or vapor retarder.
+
+## Nailer size and fastening shall be coordinated with the rough carpentry and structural framing scopes; undersized or omitted blocking is a common cause of edge-metal failure. {note}
+
+## Dissimilar-metal contact shall be isolated to prevent galvanic corrosion; aluminum in contact with copper or copper fasteners, or steel in contact with copper, shall be separated by EPDM tape, a neoprene pad, or bituminous coating.
+
+## Fasteners shall be of a material compatible with the cap substrate.
+
+## Stainless steel fasteners shall be specified where corrosion exposure warrants.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Continuous wood nailer thickness
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Nominal 2x (1.5 in)
+ - Built-up 3x (2.5 in)
+ - Match insulation thickness (multi-ply)
+default: Nominal 2x (1.5 in)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Galvanic isolation at dissimilar metals
+type: radio
+options:
+ - EPDM separator tape
+ - Neoprene pad
+ - Bituminous coating
+ - Not required (compatible metals)
+default: EPDM separator tape
+```
+
+# Installation {toc}
+
+## Installation shall comply with the manufacturer's printed instructions and with the SMACNA Architectural Sheet Metal Manual for cleat sizing and expansion-joint workmanship not addressed by the manufacturer.
+
+## The membrane base flashing turn-up shall be completed and terminated before the coping cleat is set, so that the coping does not trap the membrane installer or force rework. {note}
+
+## The Contractor shall not set the coping cleat until the membrane base flashing at that location is installed and terminated.
+
+## The continuous cleat shall be fastened to the wood nailer or structural substrate at the spacing required by the tested classification, with no fastener engaging only insulation or sheathing.
+
+## Caps shall be engaged fully onto the cleat along the entire length, with snap-lock or hooked edges seated.
+
+## Open slip joints, splice plates, end dams, and factory corners shall be installed per the manufacturer's details, with sealant applied to permit movement.
+
+## Surface-mounted reglets shall be set into a bead of sealant and the reglet groove caulked after the counterflashing is inserted.
+
+## Finished work shall be free of oil-canning beyond the manufacturer's tolerance, fastener strikethrough, and tool marks on exposed faces.
+
+# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
+
+## Components shall be delivered in protective packaging with strippable film or interleaving on prefinished faces, and the film shall be removed promptly after installation to prevent baking onto the finish.
+
+## Components shall be stored off the ground under cover, sloped to drain, and protected from standing water that can cause water staining on prefinished and copper surfaces.
+
+## Long lengths shall be handled to prevent bending, kinking, and finish abrasion, and shall be lifted rather than dragged.
+
+# Warranty {toc}
+
+## The finish warranty term is a selectable parameter. {note}
+
+## The finish warranty term shall be stated explicitly in the specification rather than left to the manufacturer's default.
+
+## The manufacturer shall warrant the exposed finish against film integrity loss, cracking, checking, and excessive color change for the specified term.
+
+## Where offered, the manufacturer shall provide an assembly or watertightness warranty for the edge system for the specified term.
+
+## The installer shall warrant the installation against defects in workmanship for a minimum of two years from substantial completion.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Assembly / watertightness warranty term
+type: radio
+unit: yr
+options:
+ - "2"
+ - "5"
+ - "10"
+ - "20"
+ - Not offered by manufacturer
+default: "5"
+```
+
+# Spare Parts {toc}
+
+## Spare material lets the Owner repair localized impact damage without a full-run reorder and without a visible color mismatch from a later finish batch. {note}
+
+## The Contractor shall deliver spare coping caps, end dams, and splice plates of each profile and color in the quantity specified.
+
+## Spare components shall be from the same production run and color batch as the installed work and shall be labeled by profile, substrate, and color.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Spare coping caps (linear feet of each profile/color)
+type: range
+unit: ft
+min: 0
+max: 40
+step: 5
+default: 10
+```