Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
---
title: Architectural Precast Concrete
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## The configuration table below records the unit type so that finish, connection, and tolerance requirements track the geometry. Most commercial and institutional facades are dominated by flat spandrel panels. {note}
+## The panel type shall be specified for each precast unit so that finish, connection, and tolerance requirements track the panel geometry.
+
```datasheet
label: Panel Type
…13 unchanged lines
## The structural role determines whether the structural provisions of [[sync/precast-concrete]] are layered on top of this standard. Non-loadbearing cladding is the default and the only role this standard fully addresses. {note}
+## The structural role of each precast panel shall be specified as loadbearing or non-loadbearing to determine which structural provisions govern the panel design.
+
```datasheet
label: Structural Role
…127 unchanged lines
### Architectural cladding panels and trim shall be produced under PCI Group A1 (Architectural) certification unless an equivalent program is accepted below.
−## Plant certification group. {note}
−
−## Group A1 is the architectural certification and is the default for finish-grade cladding. Group B (structural) is acceptable only for plain, non-color-critical units where the Engineer accepts it in writing. An NPCA certification may be accepted as an alternative where the Engineer determines the producer's architectural controls are equivalent. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Required Plant Certification
…6 unchanged lines
```
+## Plant certification group. {note}
+
+## Group A1 is the architectural certification and is the default for finish-grade cladding. Group B (structural) is acceptable only for plain, non-color-critical units where the Engineer accepts it in writing. An NPCA certification may be accepted as an alternative where the Engineer determines the producer's architectural controls are equivalent. {note}
+
### Welding of connection hardware shall be performed by welders qualified under AWS D1.1 within the preceding 12 months.
…8 unchanged lines
### The producer shall furnish finish samples and mockups as scheduled below, and no production unit shall be cast for the project until the corresponding finish, color, and texture are accepted in writing.
+```datasheet
+label: Mockup Requirement
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Tabletop sample only (4 ft x 4 ft)
+ - Tabletop sample plus full-size wall-panel mockup (8 ft x 8 ft)
+ - In-place building mockup panel (remains in the work)
+default: Tabletop sample plus full-size wall-panel mockup (8 ft x 8 ft)
+```
+
## Why a full-size mockup is often required. {note}
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## The required level of mockup is recorded below so that bidders price it correctly. In-place building mockup panels are reserved for the most finish-sensitive projects, where the mockup remains in the completed work. {note}
−```datasheet
−label: Mockup Requirement
−type: radio
−options:
− - Tabletop sample only (4 ft x 4 ft)
− - Tabletop sample plus full-size wall-panel mockup (8 ft x 8 ft)
− - In-place building mockup panel (remains in the work)
−default: Tabletop sample plus full-size wall-panel mockup (8 ft x 8 ft)
−```
−
## Factory Quality Control {toc}
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## The exposure category below selects the durability defaults applied later in this standard. The coastal category triggers stainless embeds and is appropriate for sites within one mile of saltwater. {note}
+## The service exposure of each panel shall be specified, using the coastal category for sites within one mile of saltwater, to establish the applicable durability requirements.
+
```datasheet
label: Service Exposure
…30 unchanged lines
## Why panels must not bridge separation joints. {note}
−## A connection that rigidly spans a building expansion or seismic separation joint will be torn in the first significant thermal cycle or seismic event. Separation joints in the cladding shall be located to coincide with the structure's expansion and seismic joints. {note}
+## A connection that rigidly spans a building expansion or seismic separation joint will be torn in the first significant thermal cycle or seismic event. Separation joints in the cladding shall be located to coincide with the structure's expansion and seismic joints.
# Concrete Materials and Mix {toc}
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## The base color of the panel is set by the cement (white, grey, or blended), the facing aggregate (local crushed stone, quartz, marble, granite chips, or river gravel), the maximum aggregate size, and any integral pigment. These choices are recorded below and locked against the accepted mockup. {note}
+## The face-mix cement type shall be specified and locked against the accepted mockup to establish the panel's base color.
+
```datasheet
label: Face-Mix Cement
…6 unchanged lines
```
+## The facing aggregate for the face mix shall be specified and locked against the accepted mockup to establish the panel's base color.
+
```datasheet
label: Facing Aggregate
…8 unchanged lines
```
+## The maximum facing aggregate size for the face mix shall be specified and locked against the accepted mockup to establish the panel's base color.
+
```datasheet
label: Maximum Facing Aggregate Size
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### Integral pigment, where used, shall be iron-oxide pigment conforming to ASTM C979/C979M, dosed by weight of cementitious material.
−## Pigment loading. {note}
−
−## Iron-oxide pigment is typically dosed between 3% and 8% by weight of cementitious material; loading above this range yields diminishing color return and raises cost. The accepted mockup, not the dosage number, is the acceptance reference. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Pigment Loading (by weight of cementitious)
…6 unchanged lines
```
+## Pigment loading. {note}
+
+## Iron-oxide pigment is typically dosed between 3% and 8% by weight of cementitious material; loading above this range yields diminishing color return and raises cost. The accepted mockup, not the dosage number, is the acceptance reference. {note}
+
## Compressive Strength {toc}
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## Release strength. {note}
−## Units must reach a handling-safe strength before stripping; a common default is 3,500 psi, but the delegated engineer may require higher where panel geometry or lifting stresses demand it. {note}
+## Units must reach a handling-safe strength before stripping; a common default is 3,500 psi, but the delegated engineer may require higher where panel geometry or lifting stresses demand it.
```datasheet
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## The reinforcement system is recorded below so that cover, panel thickness, and corrosion protection are coordinated. Stainless is the durable choice for thin and coastal panels; carbon steel with adequate cover suits typical exterior work. {note}
+## The reinforcement type shall be specified so that panel cover, thickness, and corrosion protection are coordinated with the selected reinforcement system.
+
```datasheet
label: Reinforcement Type
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## The corrosion protection of embedded hardware is recorded below and is driven by the service exposure selected earlier. Shop application of these coatings is governed by [[sync/shop-painting-and-galvanizing]] and [[sync/structural-steel-connections]]. {note}
+## The corrosion protection for embedded connection hardware shall be specified consistent with the service exposure selected for the panel.
+
```datasheet
label: Embed Corrosion Protection
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## The panel cross-section determines weight, thermal performance, and connection design. A thin-shell face on grey backup is the most common cladding section; insulated sandwich panels integrate continuous insulation into the cladding; solid panels are used where thickness is not a concern. {note}
+## The panel cross-section shall be specified to establish the panel's weight, thermal performance, and connection design.
+
```datasheet
label: Panel Cross-Section
…18 unchanged lines
## The nominal panel thickness is recorded below for weight and connection sizing. Thin-shell cladding panels typically finish at a total of 5 in. to 7 in. including backup; sandwich panels are thicker by the insulation layer. {note}
+## The nominal panel thickness shall be specified for weight and connection sizing.
+
```datasheet
label: Nominal Panel Thickness
…6 unchanged lines
```
−## Panel self-weight. {note}
−
−## The self-weight below is used for crane sizing and gravity-connection design. Solid architectural panels typically weigh 75–90 psf; insulated sandwich panels 45–65 psf. The lighter sandwich weight is one of its advantages. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Panel Self-Weight (design)
…6 unchanged lines
```
+## Panel self-weight. {note}
+
+## The self-weight below is used for crane sizing and gravity-connection design. Solid architectural panels typically weigh 75–90 psf; insulated sandwich panels 45–65 psf. The lighter sandwich weight is one of its advantages. {note}
+
# Surface Finish {toc}
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### The exposed face finish shall match the accepted finish sample and mockup in texture, aggregate exposure, and color depth.
−## Finish treatment. {note}
−
−## The selected finish treatment is recorded below. As-cast and light-sandblast finishes are the most common production choices; deeper exposures and polishing carry cost and lead-time premiums and are reserved for feature surfaces. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Surface Finish Treatment
…15 unchanged lines
```
+## Finish treatment. {note}
+
+## The selected finish treatment is recorded below. As-cast and light-sandblast finishes are the most common production choices; deeper exposures and polishing carry cost and lead-time premiums and are reserved for feature surfaces. {note}
+
### Where a form liner is used, the liner pattern, draft, and joint layout shall be shown on the shop drawings and shall match the accepted sample.
## Color acceptance. {note}
−## Color shall be judged against the approved mockup under north-sky daylight at a viewing distance of about 10 ft. Judging color at arm's length or under artificial light produces rejections that would never be visible on the building. {note}
+## Color shall be judged against the approved mockup under north-sky daylight at a viewing distance of about 10 ft. Judging color at arm's length or under artificial light produces rejections that would never be visible on the building.
### Finished color shall be accepted by comparison to the approved mockup under north-sky daylight at a viewing distance of 10 ft, and shall fall within any accepted range panels.
…7 unchanged lines
### Product and erection tolerances shall conform to PCI MNL-117 and the current PCI tolerance standard unless tighter project-specific tolerances are confirmed achievable in writing by the producer.
+```datasheet
+label: Tolerance Class
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Standard PCI MNL-117 architectural tolerances
+ - Project-specific tighter tolerances (producer-confirmed)
+default: Standard PCI MNL-117 architectural tolerances
+```
+
## PCI 135-24 adoption status. {note}
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## The applicable tolerance set is recorded below. Standard PCI architectural tolerances are the default; tighter tolerances are recorded only when the producer has confirmed them. {note}
−```datasheet
−label: Tolerance Class
−type: radio
−options:
− - Standard PCI MNL-117 architectural tolerances
− - Project-specific tighter tolerances (producer-confirmed)
−default: Standard PCI MNL-117 architectural tolerances
−```
−
# Connections {toc}
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## Connection material follows the same corrosion logic as the embeds it joins: galvanized carbon steel in protected service, stainless in exposed exterior, and Type 316 stainless in coastal exposure. Field welding of connection assemblies is governed by AWS D1.1 and coordinated with [[sync/structural-steel-connections]] and [[sync/miscellaneous-metals]]. {note}
+## The connection material shall be specified consistent with the corrosion protection selected for the embedded hardware it joins.
+
```datasheet
label: Connection Material
…10 unchanged lines
## In higher Seismic Design Categories the connections must accommodate story drift without brittle failure. The seismic category below sets the ductility and detailing demand on the connection design under ASCE 7 Chapter 13 and ACI 318. {note}
+## The seismic design category shall be specified to establish the ductility and detailing demand on the connection design.
+
```datasheet
label: Seismic Design Category
…13 unchanged lines
# Joints {toc}
−## Joint width must absorb tolerance, not fight it. {note}
+## Joint width must absorb tolerance, not fight it.
## The face joint between panels must be wide enough to absorb the sum of panel fabrication tolerance and erection tolerance and still leave a sealant joint that can move. A design joint that is too narrow leaves no room for the panels' real positions, forces field grinding, and overstrains the sealant. For cladding panels a minimum design joint of about 3/4 in. is typical, widening to 1 in. on taller panels. The joint width must be confirmed before bid, because it cannot be changed after the panels are cast. {note}
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## Cleaning. {note}
−## Panels are cleaned after erection and patching to a uniform appearance. Cleaning agents and methods shall not etch, discolor, or alter the accepted finish; aggressive acids that would change the surface character are prohibited. {note}
+## Panels are cleaned after erection and patching to a uniform appearance. Cleaning agents and methods shall not etch, discolor, or alter the accepted finish; aggressive acids that would change the surface character are prohibited.
### Installed panels shall be cleaned to a uniform appearance using methods that do not alter the accepted finish.
…49 unchanged lines
default: Patching kit only
```