Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
---
title: Brick Masonry
…130 unchanged lines
## Source and Qualifications {toc}
−### Brick units of a single type shall be obtained from a single manufacturer and, for exposed work, from a single production run to the extent available. {note}
+### Brick units of a single type shall be obtained from a single manufacturer and, for exposed work, from a single production run to the extent available.
### Brick units of a single type shall be obtained from one manufacturer for the entire Project.
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### Empirically designed anchored veneer shall be provided with periodic inspection in accordance with the applicable TMS 602 quality-assurance level.
−### The special-inspection program shall be identified in the Contract Documents and in the owner-architect agreement so that the inspection scope is not left as a gap. {note}
+### The special-inspection program shall be identified in the Contract Documents and in the owner-architect agreement so that the inspection scope is not left as a gap.
```datasheet
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### Grade SW (severe weathering) shall be specified where brick is exposed to freezing while saturated, including most of the northern United States and any below-grade or near-grade exposure.
−### Grade MW (moderate weathering) may be specified only for vertical above-grade exposures in moderate-weathering regions where saturated freezing is unlikely.
−
−### Grade NW (negligible weathering) shall be limited to interior or fully protected applications not exposed to weather.
−
−### Specifying Grade MW (or NW) in a severe-weathering climate is a recurring error that produces face spalling within five to ten years; when in doubt, specify Grade SW. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Weathering grade (ASTM C62 / C216)
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### Grade MW (moderate weathering) may be specified only for vertical above-grade exposures in moderate-weathering regions where saturated freezing is unlikely.
+
+### Grade NW (negligible weathering) shall be limited to interior or fully protected applications not exposed to weather.
+
+### Specifying Grade MW (or NW) in a severe-weathering climate is a recurring error that produces face spalling within five to ten years; when in doubt, specify Grade SW. {note}
+
## Thermal Movement {toc}
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### Vertical expansion joints shall be provided in exterior brick veneer at a spacing not exceeding 25 ft, reduced to not more than 20 ft for dark-color units in high-solar exposures.
−### A horizontal expansion joint shall be provided beneath each shelf angle and at each floor line in multi-story veneer.
−
−### Expansion joints shall be provided at external and internal corners, at offsets, at pilasters, and at wall intersections to relieve restrained movement.
−
−### Omitting expansion joints at returns, pilasters, and intersections is the classic cause of stair-step cracking at corners; joints must be coordinated between the structural and architectural drawings and this specification. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Vertical expansion-joint spacing (exterior veneer)
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### A horizontal expansion joint shall be provided beneath each shelf angle and at each floor line in multi-story veneer.
+
+### Expansion joints shall be provided at external and internal corners, at offsets, at pilasters, and at wall intersections to relieve restrained movement.
+
+### Omitting expansion joints at returns, pilasters, and intersections is the classic cause of stair-step cracking at corners; joints must be coordinated between the structural and architectural drawings and this specification. {note}
+
# Brick Unit Selection {toc}
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type: select
options:
− - Modular (4 x 2-2/3 x 8 nominal) - default
+ - Modular (4 x 2-2/3 x 8 nominal)
- Norman (4 x 2-2/3 x 12 nominal)
- Utility / Jumbo (4 x 4 x 12 nominal)
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### Omitting color-range panel submittal requirements produces the single most common masonry RFI and punch-list dispute; the approved panel governs all color and blend judgments. {note}
−### Handmade or hand-molded Type FBA brick and other specialty units require 8 to 16 week lead times and shall be flagged in the procurement schedule so delivery does not delay enclosure. {note}
+### Handmade or hand-molded Type FBA brick and other specialty units require 8 to 16 week lead times and shall be flagged in the procurement schedule so delivery does not delay enclosure.
```datasheet
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### Typical fired production brick averages 8,000 psi to 12,000 psi in compression, well above the grade minimums; strength is rarely the governing selection criterion for veneer. {note}
+### The minimum average compressive strength of the brick units shall be specified consistent with the grade required for the application.
+
```datasheet
label: Minimum average compressive strength (ASTM C67)
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### Where the unit IRA exceeds 30 g/min per 30 in.² in hot or dry conditions, the units shall be wetted before laying and allowed to surface-dry so the bedding surface is damp but not wet.
+```datasheet
+label: Pre-wetting required (IRA > 30 g/min/30 in.²)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Not required (low-suction SW units, mild conditions)
+ - Required - wet and surface-dry before laying (high IRA / hot-dry)
+default: Not required (low-suction SW units, mild conditions)
+```
+
### Low-absorption Grade SW units generally do not require pre-wetting; failing to pre-wet high-suction units, however, is a frequent cause of weak, leaky bed joints. {note}
+### The maximum 5-hour boiling absorption of the brick units shall be specified consistent with the grade required for the application.
+
```datasheet
label: Maximum 5-hour boiling absorption (ASTM C67, average)
…6 unchanged lines
```
−```datasheet
−label: Pre-wetting required (IRA > 30 g/min/30 in.²)
−type: radio
−options:
− - Not required (low-suction SW units, mild conditions)
− - Required - wet and surface-dry before laying (high IRA / hot-dry)
−default: Not required (low-suction SW units, mild conditions)
−```
−
## Dimensional Tolerance {toc}
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type: radio
options:
− - Anchored brick veneer over drained cavity (default)
+ - Anchored brick veneer over drained cavity
- Single-wythe structural brick
- Multi-wythe solid masonry
- Reinforced hollow brick (grouted cells)
−default: Anchored brick veneer over drained cavity (default)
+default: Anchored brick veneer over drained cavity
```
…13 unchanged lines
### Above-grade exterior brick veneer shall be set in ASTM C270 Type S mortar unless project conditions permit Type N; Type S is the default for durable, weather-resisting joints.
−### Brick at or below grade, in high-wind exposures, and in foundation walls shall be set in Type S mortar.
−
−### Specifying Type N mortar throughout an exterior wall saves no meaningful cost over Type S and creates a durability liability in demanding exposures; default to Type S. {note}
−
−### Bed and head joints shall be 3/8 in. nominal thickness and shall not exceed 1/2 in. or vary more than ±1/8 in. from the specified thickness.
−
−### Exposed exterior joints shall be tooled to a concave profile for maximum water resistance unless an alternate profile is shown and approved.
−
−### Raked and flush joints shed water poorly and increase efflorescence risk; the concave tooled joint is the default for any weather-exposed wall. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Mortar type (ASTM C270; mix design per masonry-mortar-and-grout)
type: radio
options:
− - Type S - exterior above grade (default), below/near grade, high wind
+ - Type S - exterior above grade, below/near grade, high wind
- Type N - protected above-grade veneer, mild exposure
- Type M - severe below-grade or load-bearing only
−default: Type S - exterior above grade (default), below/near grade, high wind
+default: Type S - exterior above grade, below/near grade, high wind
```
+### Brick at or below grade, in high-wind exposures, and in foundation walls shall be set in Type S mortar.
+
+### Specifying Type N mortar throughout an exterior wall saves no meaningful cost over Type S and creates a durability liability in demanding exposures; default to Type S. {note}
+
+### Bed and head joints shall be 3/8 in. nominal thickness and shall not exceed 1/2 in. or vary more than ±1/8 in. from the specified thickness.
+
```datasheet
label: Mortar joint thickness (nominal)
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### Exposed exterior joints shall be tooled to a concave profile for maximum water resistance unless an alternate profile is shown and approved.
+
```datasheet
label: Exposed joint profile
…8 unchanged lines
```
+### Raked and flush joints shed water poorly and increase efflorescence risk; the concave tooled joint is the default for any weather-exposed wall. {note}
+
# Ties, Reinforcement, and Movement {toc}
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## Shelf Angles {toc}
−### Shelf angles transfer veneer weight to the structure at floor lines; their deflection must be limited so the supported brick is not overstressed and the soft joint below is not closed. {note}
+### Shelf angles transfer veneer weight to the structure at floor lines; their deflection must be limited so the supported brick is not overstressed and the soft joint below is not closed.
### Shelf angles supporting brick masonry shall be designed to a deflection limit of L/600 under the supported load in accordance with TMS 402.
…21 unchanged lines
### Flashing shall extend through the face of the veneer and turn down to form a drip projecting not less than 1/2 in. beyond the brick face.
−### Flashing shall terminate at the backup with a sealed termination bar; failure to seal the shelf-angle flashing termination is the most common moisture source in multi-story brick cavity walls. {note}
+### Flashing shall terminate at the backup with a sealed termination bar; failure to seal the shelf-angle flashing termination is the most common moisture source in multi-story brick cavity walls.
```datasheet
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## Expansion-Joint Sealant and Efflorescence {toc}
−### Expansion joints are sealed to keep water out while still permitting the brick to move; the filler must be compressible and the sealant must accommodate the joint movement. {note}
+### Expansion joints are sealed to keep water out while still permitting the brick to move; the filler must be compressible and the sealant must accommodate the joint movement.
### Vertical and horizontal expansion joints shall be filled with closed-cell backer rod and sealed with a polyurethane sealant, or shall use a preformed compressible filler.
…7 unchanged lines
type: radio
options:
− - Backer rod + polyurethane sealant (default)
+ - Backer rod + polyurethane sealant
- Preformed compressible foam filler + sealant
- Preformed neoprene/rubber joint profile
−default: Backer rod + polyurethane sealant (default)
+default: Backer rod + polyurethane sealant
```
…49 unchanged lines
## Workmanship {toc}
−### Brick shall be laid in the specified bond pattern, plumb and true to line, with full and solid bed and head joints and no furrowed or unfilled joints in exterior work. {note}
+### Brick shall be laid in the specified bond pattern, plumb and true to line, with full and solid bed and head joints and no furrowed or unfilled joints in exterior work.
### Brick shall be laid with full head and bed joints; exterior bed joints shall not be furrowed in a manner that leaves voids.
…10 unchanged lines
drawing_ref: "architectural drawings"
options:
− - Running bond (default)
+ - Running bond
- Common (American) bond
- Flemish bond
- English bond
- Stack bond (requires added joint reinforcement)
−default: Running bond (default)
+default: Running bond
```
…30 unchanged lines
type: radio
options:
− - Low-pressure water + proprietary masonry cleaner (default)
+ - Low-pressure water + proprietary masonry cleaner
- Bucket-and-brush with masonry detergent
- Diluted acid cleaner (only where manufacturer permits)
−default: Low-pressure water + proprietary masonry cleaner (default)
+default: Low-pressure water + proprietary masonry cleaner
```
…50 unchanged lines
default: 2% of installed units
```