+---
+title: Structure Demolition
+category: Sitework
+toc_depth: 3
+description: >
+ When to use: complete removal of entire above-grade structures — buildings, towers, silos,
+ bridges, and other discrete structures — down to and including their foundation systems, on
+ redevelopment or clearance sites. Covers engineering surveys, utility disconnection, protection
+ of adjacent structures and the public, mechanical and explosive demolition methods, debris
+ management and material diversion, and site restoration to a demolition-complete condition ready
+ for subsequent earthwork.
+ Not intended for: selective or partial interior demolition of components within a retained
+ structure ([[sync/selective-demolition]]); clearing of vegetation and surface obstructions with
+ no standing structure ([[sync/site-clearing]]); removal of hazardous materials such as asbestos,
+ lead paint, and PCBs from the structure being demolished ([[sync/hazardous-material-abatement]],
+ which must be completed first); erosion and sediment control during and after demolition
+ ([[sync/erosion-and-sediment-control]]); and the earthwork, grading, and backfill that follow
+ ([[sync/earthwork]]).
+---
+
+# Scope {toc}
+
+## This standard governs the complete demolition and removal of entire above-grade structures, including their foundation systems, on redevelopment and clearance sites. {note}
+
+## Structure demolition delivers a cleared, graded pad as the start condition for a new use. It applies across commercial, industrial, institutional, and civil redevelopment, including site assembly for new construction and the removal of structures rendered obsolete, unsafe, or condemned. The work spans the engineering survey, utility disconnection, protection of adjacent property and the public, the physical takedown of the structure, debris management and diversion, foundation removal, and restoration of the site to a demolition-complete grade. {note}
+
+## The work of this section includes the following. {note}
+- Pre-demolition engineering survey and condition documentation of the structure and adjacent properties.
+- Disconnection, capping, and removal of utilities serving the structure.
+- Demolition of the structure by mechanical, wrecking-ball, controlled-explosive, or top-down dismantlement methods.
+- Removal of the foundation system to the specified depth or condition.
+- On-site processing, salvage, recycling, and off-site disposal of demolition debris.
+- Protection and monitoring of adjacent structures, utilities, and the public throughout the work.
+- Backfill of resulting cavities and rough grading of the site to a demolition-complete condition.
+
+## Hazardous material abatement is not part of this section and shall be completed and cleared before structure demolition begins.
+
+## Asbestos-containing materials, lead-based paint, PCBs, mercury, and other regulated materials must be removed under [[sync/hazardous-material-abatement]] and cleared before any structural disturbance occurs. The abatement-before-demolition sequence is mandated by OSHA and the EPA asbestos NESHAP and is a non-negotiable precondition for the work of this section. {note}
+
+## Selective or partial demolition of a structure that is being retained is excluded. {note}
+
+## Removal of specific walls, ceilings, or MEP systems within a building that remains in service is governed by [[sync/selective-demolition]]. Where a single project contains both a retained portion and a demolished portion, the demolition boundary shall be fixed by a limit-of-demolition line on the drawings, and this section governs only the work on the demolition side of that line. {note}
+
+## Clearing of vegetation, trees, and surface obstructions where no structure stands is excluded and is governed by [[sync/site-clearing]]. {note}
+
+## Erosion and sediment control, and the earthwork, grading, and backfill that follow demolition, are excluded. {note}
+
+## Erosion and sediment control measures during and after demolition are governed by [[sync/erosion-and-sediment-control]]. Earthwork, structural fill, and final grading that prepare the pad for new construction are governed by [[sync/earthwork]]. This section ends at a rough-graded, demolition-complete condition. {note}
+
+# Referenced Standards {toc}
+
+## Work under this section shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited or a more recent edition is enforced by the authority having jurisdiction.
+
+## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
+
+| Standard | Title |
+|----------|-------|
+| OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart T (§§ 1926.850–1926.860) | Demolition — Construction Industry Safety Standards |
+| ANSI/ASSP A10.6-2006 (R2016) | Safety and Health Program Requirements for Demolition Operations |
+| NFPA 241 | Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations |
+| IBC Chapter 33 | International Building Code — Safeguards During Construction |
+| ASCE 7 | Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures |
+| ASTM C131 | Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine |
+| ASTM C535 | Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine |
+| ASTM C33 | Concrete Aggregates |
+| 40 CFR Part 61 Subpart M | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants — Asbestos (Demolition and Renovation) |
+| 29 CFR 1910.146 | Permit-Required Confined Spaces |
+| 29 CFR 1926.52 | Occupational Noise Exposure (Construction) |
+| NCHRP Report 460 | Procedure for the Safe Demolition and Removal of Bridges |
+| USBM RI 8507 | Structure Response and Damage Produced by Ground Vibration from Surface Mine Blasting |
+
+# Submittals {toc}
+
+## The Contractor shall submit the following Action Submittals for review before mobilizing to the site:
+- Demolition work plan describing the selected method, equipment, and sequence of operations.
+- Engineering survey report prepared in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926.850(a).
+- Pre-demolition condition survey of the structure and all adjacent properties within the zone of influence.
+- Utility disconnection plan identifying each service, the disconnecting party, and the capping location and material.
+- Debris management plan, including diversion and recycling targets, on-site processing, and off-site disposal venues.
+- Salvage plan listing owner-retained, contractor-salvage, and waste-designated items.
+- Protection and monitoring plan for adjacent structures, including instrumentation and threshold values.
+- Dust, vibration, and noise control plan with monitoring locations and reporting protocol.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Action Submittals
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Demolition work plan
+ - Engineering survey report
+ - Pre-demolition condition survey
+ - Utility disconnection plan
+ - Debris management plan
+ - Salvage plan
+ - Protection and monitoring plan
+ - Dust, vibration, and noise control plan
+default:
+ - Demolition work plan
+ - Engineering survey report
+ - Pre-demolition condition survey
+ - Utility disconnection plan
+ - Debris management plan
+ - Protection and monitoring plan
+ - Dust, vibration, and noise control plan
+```
+
+## Where controlled explosive demolition (implosion) is proposed, the Contractor shall additionally submit the following before any explosive material is brought to the site:
+- Blast plan prepared and sealed by a licensed blaster, including charge layout, initiation sequence, and pre-weakening of structural members.
+- Evidence of all required federal, state, and local explosives permits.
+- Blast-mat and debris-containment protection plan.
+- Public notification plan identifying the exclusion zone, affected neighbors, and emergency services.
+- Blast vibration and airblast monitoring plan with threshold values and instrument locations.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Explosive Demolition Submittals (when implosion is proposed)
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Blast plan sealed by licensed blaster
+ - Explosives permits
+ - Blast-mat and debris-containment plan
+ - Public notification plan
+ - Blast monitoring plan
+default: []
+```
+
+## The Contractor shall submit the following Informational Submittals:
+- Qualifications of the demolition contractor and the competent person or structural engineer performing the survey.
+- Certificates of insurance specific to demolition operations.
+- Hazardous material abatement clearance documentation confirming abatement is complete before demolition.
+- Asbestos NESHAP notification filed with the state air agency, where applicable.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Informational Submittals
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Contractor and surveyor qualifications
+ - Demolition insurance certificates
+ - Abatement clearance documentation
+ - NESHAP notification (where applicable)
+default:
+ - Contractor and surveyor qualifications
+ - Demolition insurance certificates
+ - Abatement clearance documentation
+```
+
+## The Contractor shall submit the following Closeout Submittals:
+- Waste disposal manifests and weight tickets for all off-site debris.
+- Material diversion report documenting recycled tonnage against the contract target.
+- Survey confirming foundation removal depth and final demolition-complete grade.
+- Photographic record of completed demolition and restored site.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Closeout Submittals
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Disposal manifests and weight tickets
+ - Material diversion report
+ - Foundation and grade verification survey
+ - Photographic record
+default:
+ - Disposal manifests and weight tickets
+ - Material diversion report
+ - Foundation and grade verification survey
+ - Photographic record
+```
+
+# Quality Assurance {toc}
+
+## The demolition contractor shall be regularly engaged in structure demolition of comparable type, height, and complexity.
+
+## The owner's exposure on a demolition project is concentrated in the takedown sequence and the protection of adjacent property. A contractor without a record of comparable work is the single largest source of progressive-collapse and third-party-damage risk, which is why qualification is a gating QA requirement rather than a preference. {note}
+
+## A competent person, as defined in OSHA 29 CFR 1926.850, shall be on site and in charge of demolition operations at all times.
+
+## The engineering survey shall be performed by a licensed structural engineer for any structure over two stories or with unbraced spans exceeding 30 ft.
+
+## The competent-person survey is the federal floor, but multistory and long-span structures fail in ways that require a structural engineer's analysis of progressive collapse and lateral stability during partial demolition. Defaulting to an engineer-sealed survey for these cases closes the most common gap between a code-minimum survey and the analysis the work actually demands. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Engineering survey performed by
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Licensed structural engineer
+ - Competent person (OSHA 29 CFR 1926.850)
+default: Licensed structural engineer
+```
+
+## The Contractor shall hold a pre-demolition conference with the Owner, Engineer, and affected utility companies before mobilizing.
+
+## A pre-demolition condition survey of all adjacent structures within the zone of influence shall be completed and signed off by the Owner before any demolition begins.
+
+## Vibration and settlement claims from neighboring owners are routine on demolition projects, and a claim made without a baseline record is impossible to defend or refute. A photographic and descriptive record of existing cracks, settlement, and finishes, accepted by the Owner before work starts, protects both the Owner and the Contractor from unsubstantiated claims. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Zone-of-influence radius for adjacent-structure condition survey
+type: range
+unit: ft
+min: 25
+max: 200
+step: 25
+default: 50
+```
+
+# Engineering Survey {toc}
+
+## A written engineering survey shall be completed before any worker enters the structure or the demolition site.
+
+## OSHA 29 CFR 1926.850(a) requires a written survey by a competent person of the condition of the structure, the possibility of unplanned collapse, and the condition of adjacent structures before demolition begins. This is a binding federal requirement with no exception for fast-track work; the survey is a contract deliverable, not an internal contractor step. {note}
+
+## The survey shall determine the condition of the framing, floors, and walls, and the possibility of unplanned collapse of any portion of the structure.
+
+## The survey shall assess the condition of adjacent structures and the measures required to protect them.
+
+## Where the structure has been damaged by fire, flood, explosion, or deterioration, the survey shall address the resulting instability before any demolition method is selected.
+
+## The survey shall identify all below-grade spaces — pits, vaults, basements, and tunnels — and classify any that constitute permit-required confined spaces under 29 CFR 1910.146.
+
+## The structural calculations supporting progressive-collapse stability during partial demolition shall be sealed by a licensed structural engineer where an engineer-performed survey is required.
+
+# Utility Disconnection {toc}
+
+## All electric, gas, water, steam, sewer, and other service lines shall be shut off, capped, or otherwise controlled outside the building line before demolition begins.
+
+## OSHA 29 CFR 1926.850(b) requires that services be located and shut off, capped, or controlled outside the building line before work starts. Live services inside the demolition footprint are a fatal-incident and fire hazard, so the disconnection is a precondition to mobilization, not a task performed alongside takedown. {note}
+
+## The utility disconnection plan shall identify, for each service, whether disconnection is performed by the Contractor or by the serving utility company.
+
+## A spec that says only "disconnect all utilities" creates a responsibility gap: many serving utilities require their own crews and lead time, and a missed coordination step stalls the entire takedown. Naming the disconnecting party for each service, and the lead time it requires, eliminates the most common schedule failure on demolition projects. {note}
+
+## Utility notification shall be provided to each serving utility and to the one-call locating service in advance of disconnection, in accordance with local requirements.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Utility notification lead time before disconnection
+type: range
+unit: hours
+min: 24
+max: 120
+step: 24
+default: 72
+```
+
+## Where a service must be maintained to support partial demolition or adjacent occupied structures, it shall be temporarily relocated and protected outside the demolition footprint before the line serving the structure is cut.
+
+## Capped lines shall be marked, and the cap location and material shall be recorded on the disconnection plan.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Services to be disconnected and capped
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Electric
+ - Natural gas
+ - Domestic water
+ - Fire water
+ - Sanitary sewer
+ - Storm sewer
+ - Steam
+ - Telecommunications
+default:
+ - Electric
+ - Natural gas
+ - Domestic water
+ - Sanitary sewer
+ - Storm sewer
+ - Telecommunications
+```
+
+# Demolition Method {toc}
+
+## The demolition method shall be selected on the basis of structure height, construction type, site constraints, and proximity to occupied or sensitive adjacent structures. {note}
+
+## No single method suits every structure. Method selection drives the protection scheme, the submittal requirements, and the cost, so it is the controlling decision of the project. The configurations below describe the methods this standard recognizes; the selected method shall be stated in the demolition work plan and reflected in the protection and monitoring plan. {note}
+
+## Mechanical demolition with a high-reach excavator is the default method for structures within the reach of available demolition attachments. {note}
+
+## A long-reach demolition excavator fitted with interchangeable attachments — hydraulic concrete crusher or pulverizer, steel shear, universal processor, or hydraulic breaker — is the workhorse method for structures up to roughly 20–35 m (65–115 ft). It offers controlled, progressive takedown with continuous dust suppression at the attachment and is the lowest-risk choice where the structure is within reach. {note}
+
+## Wrecking-ball demolition may be used for masonry and concrete structures where precision is secondary and adequate crane swing radius and debris clearance exist. {note}
+
+## A crane-suspended steel ball, swung or dropped, is effective on heavy masonry and unreinforced concrete but offers poor control over debris throw and structural response. It is unsuitable in tight urban sites or near sensitive adjacent structures. {note}
+
+## Controlled explosive demolition (implosion) may be used only as a permitted alternate method, subject to the additional submittals and notifications of this section. {note}
+
+## Implosion suits large urban high-rises, chimneys, and cooling towers that cannot be reached mechanically, but it is highly regulated and requires permits, a licensed blaster, a sealed blast plan, pre-weakening of structural members, blast-mat protection, and public notification. Specs that treat implosion as just another contractor option without these requirements generate extensive RFIs and may require permit modifications. {note}
+
+## Top-down systematic dismantlement shall be used where crane swing radius and debris throw cannot be tolerated on dense urban sites. {note}
+
+## Standard excavators working on removable structural decking platforms remove the structure floor by floor from the top down. This is the method of choice on dense urban sites where debris throw and crane swing into adjacent properties are unacceptable. It transfers progressive floor-loading risk to the lower structure and demands floor-by-floor load analysis. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Primary demolition method
+type: radio
+options:
+ - High-reach excavator (mechanical)
+ - Wrecking ball
+ - Controlled explosive demolition (implosion)
+ - Top-down systematic dismantlement
+default: High-reach excavator (mechanical)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: High-reach excavator attachments
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Hydraulic concrete crusher/pulverizer
+ - Steel shear
+ - Universal demolition processor
+ - Hydraulic breaker (hoe ram)
+ - Grapple
+default:
+ - Hydraulic concrete crusher/pulverizer
+ - Universal demolition processor
+ - Grapple
+```
+
+## Where top-down or progressive mechanical demolition is used, the Contractor's engineer shall calculate the acceptable debris accumulation height for each floor level.
+
+## Progressive floor loading during top-down demolition can exceed the design capacity of the floors below, causing uncontrolled collapse. Requiring an engineered accumulation limit per floor — rather than leaving accumulation to operator judgment — directly addresses the most common cause of demolition collapse incidents. {note}
+
+## Debris accumulation on any floor deck shall not exceed the original design live load of that deck as confirmed against the original structural drawings.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Default floor debris loading limit (confirm against original drawings)
+type: range
+unit: psf
+min: 25
+max: 100
+step: 25
+default: 50
+```
+
+# Foundation Removal {toc}
+
+## The extent of foundation removal shall be defined in the contract documents and shall not be inferred from the instruction to demolish the structure. {note}
+
+## "Demolish the building" is routinely bid as above-grade only, leaving grade beams, slabs, footings, and piles in place. Because the foundation removal scope is driven entirely by the future use of the site, it must be stated explicitly — the depth of removal, whether grade beams and piles are included, and how resulting cavities are to be filled. {note}
+
+## The foundation system shall be removed to the depth or condition specified for the site's intended future use.
+
+## Where the site will receive new construction, the default is removal to 24 in (600 mm) below finish subgrade or to undisturbed subgrade, whichever is deeper. Where the site will remain open or unbuilt, a shallower break-down or leave-in-place with cavity fill may be acceptable. The selected condition governs the backfill and grading that follow under [[sync/earthwork]]. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Foundation removal extent
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Full removal to undisturbed subgrade
+ - Remove to specified depth below finish grade
+ - Break down in place and fill cavity
+default: Remove to specified depth below finish grade
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Foundation removal depth below finish subgrade
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 12
+max: 48
+step: 6
+default: 24
+```
+
+## Deep foundation elements — piles, caissons, and grade beams — shall be removed only where specified; otherwise they shall be cut off below the specified subgrade and left in place.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Deep foundation elements (piles, caissons, grade beams)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Remove in full
+ - Cut off below subgrade and leave in place
+ - Leave in place
+default: Cut off below subgrade and leave in place
+```
+
+## Resulting cavities, basements, and below-grade voids shall be backfilled and compacted in accordance with [[sync/earthwork]] after foundation removal is verified.
+
+## Below-grade spaces classified as permit-required confined spaces shall be entered only under a confined-space program meeting 29 CFR 1910.146.
+
+# Protection of Adjacent Property and the Public {toc}
+
+## The Contractor shall protect adjacent structures, utilities, pedestrians, and the public throughout demolition by the means appropriate to the selected method and site.
+
+## The protection scheme is a direct function of method and proximity. A high-reach takedown on an open site needs only perimeter hoarding, whereas a top-down dismantlement adjacent to an occupied building may require underpinning, shoring, catch platforms, and continuous instrumentation. The protection and monitoring plan shall match the protection measures to the assessed risk from the engineering survey. {note}
+
+## Perimeter hoarding or fencing shall enclose the demolition site and exclude unauthorized persons for the duration of the work.
+
+## Warning signs and signals shall be provided in accordance with ANSI/ASSP A10.6 and ANSI Z535.1.
+
+## Where adjacent structures share a party wall or are within the zone of influence, the protection measures and monitoring instrumentation shall be specified and installed before demolition begins.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Adjacent-structure protection measures
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Perimeter hoarding/fencing
+ - Catch platforms
+ - Shoring
+ - Underpinning
+ - Crack gauges
+ - Vibration monitors
+ - Settlement monitoring points
+default:
+ - Perimeter hoarding/fencing
+ - Crack gauges
+ - Vibration monitors
+```
+
+## Fire protection shall be maintained during demolition in accordance with NFPA 241, including hot-work permits and impairment procedures for any temporary suppression.
+
+# Vibration, Noise, and Dust Control {toc}
+
+## Ground vibration at the nearest occupied or sensitive adjacent structure shall not exceed the project peak particle velocity (PPV) limit.
+
+## Vibration damage and the claims it generates are a leading demolition liability. A defined PPV limit, monitored continuously at the nearest sensitive receptor, gives both an objective compliance threshold and a defensible record. The default limit of 0.5 in/s (12.7 mm/s) PPV reflects USBM RI 8507 guidance for occupied and sensitive structures; tighter limits apply to fragile or historic neighbors. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Peak particle velocity (PPV) limit at adjacent structures
+type: range
+unit: in/s
+min: 0.25
+max: 2.0
+step: 0.25
+default: 0.5
+```
+
+## Vibration shall be monitored continuously at the locations and reporting frequency stated in the monitoring plan, with exceedances reported to the Engineer.
+
+## Worker noise exposure shall not exceed the 90 dB(A) 8-hour time-weighted average of OSHA 29 CFR 1926.52, and site-boundary noise shall comply with the applicable local daytime limit.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Site-boundary daytime noise limit
+type: range
+unit: dB(A)
+min: 65
+max: 90
+step: 5
+default: 80
+```
+
+## Dust shall be controlled at the source by water spray, misting, or attachment shrouds appropriate to the climate and the proximity of occupied buildings.
+
+## Leaving dust control to contractor discretion fails predictably in arid climates and near occupied buildings. The suppression method and equipment shall be specified in the dust control plan, not assumed; water application rates shall be sufficient to suppress visible airborne dust at the property line. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Dust control method
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Water spray suppression
+ - Misting system
+ - High-reach attachment shroud/enclosure
+ - Wheel wash at site exit
+default:
+ - Water spray suppression
+ - Misting system
+```
+
+# Debris Management and Material Diversion {toc}
+
+## Demolition debris shall be managed in accordance with the approved debris management plan, with diversion and recycling targets met by weight. {note}
+
+## Construction and demolition debris is the largest material stream a demolition project produces, and diversion targets are increasingly tied to LEED credits and state mandates. The plan governs on-site processing, the recycling target, and the off-site venues; concrete and metal routinely divert above 90%, so an aggregate target in the 50–75% range is readily achievable. {note}
+
+## The Contractor shall achieve the contract material diversion target, measured as a percentage by weight of total demolition debris.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Material diversion/recycling target (by weight)
+type: range
+unit: '%'
+min: 25
+max: 90
+step: 5
+default: 60
+```
+
+## Salvage items designated for the Owner shall be removed carefully and turned over undamaged; the salvage plan shall list each item, the responsible party, and the Owner's removal deadline.
+
+## Salvage conflicts arise when an owner lists items to retain without a firm cutoff date and the contractor proceeds and damages or removes them. Stating each salvage item, the responsible party, and a removal deadline with a defined consequence for missed deadlines prevents the dispute before it starts. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Salvage designation
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Owner-retained (careful removal, turn over undamaged)
+ - Contractor salvage (credit to Owner)
+ - Waste (dispose)
+default: Contractor salvage (credit to Owner)
+```
+
+## Where concrete is processed on site into recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for reuse, it shall be crushed and screened to the specified gradation and tested for abrasion resistance.
+
+## On-site crushing of concrete rubble into RCA for sub-base fill avoids both disposal cost and import cost, but reuse requires that the product meet a defined gradation and abrasion limit. Gradation per ASTM C33 No. 57 or No. 67 and abrasion testing per ASTM C131 or C535 confirm the RCA is suitable before it is placed; the final fill use is governed by [[sync/earthwork]] and the geotechnical recommendations. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: On-site recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) production
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Produce RCA on site for reuse
+ - Crush for off-site recycling only
+ - No on-site processing (haul as rubble)
+default: Produce RCA on site for reuse
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: RCA gradation for on-site sub-base fill
+type: select
+options:
+ - ASTM C33 No. 57
+ - ASTM C33 No. 67
+default: ASTM C33 No. 57
+```
+
+## Off-site disposal shall be to permitted facilities, with weight tickets and manifests retained for the diversion report.
+
+# Controlled Explosive Demolition {toc}
+
+## Controlled explosive demolition shall be performed only by a licensed blaster under the sealed blast plan and required permits. {note}
+
+## Implosion is the most heavily regulated demolition method and concentrates risk into a single irreversible event. The blast plan, the pre-weakening of structural members, the charge layout, and the initiation sequence shall all be the work of a licensed blaster, and no explosive material shall be brought to the site before the permits and submittals of this section are approved. {note}
+
+## Structural members shall be pre-weakened in accordance with the sealed blast plan before charges are placed.
+
+## Blast mats and debris-containment measures shall be installed to limit fly-rock and debris throw beyond the exclusion zone.
+
+## An exclusion zone shall be established and cleared of all persons before detonation, sized by the Contractor's structural and blast analysis.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum exclusion-zone radius during detonation
+type: range
+unit: ft
+min: 200
+max: 600
+step: 50
+default: 400
+```
+
+## Local emergency services and affected neighbors shall be notified in advance of the detonation.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Public notification lead time before detonation
+type: range
+unit: hours
+min: 24
+max: 96
+step: 12
+default: 24
+```
+
+## Blast vibration and airblast shall be monitored at the nearest sensitive receptors, and the records shall be retained as a closeout submittal.
+
+# Bridge and Special-Structure Demolition {toc}
+
+## Bridge demolition shall be sequenced and load-managed in accordance with NCHRP Report 460 and the project structural analysis. {note}
+
+## Bridges, towers, silos, and similar discrete structures fail differently from buildings because their stability depends on a load path that the demolition sequence progressively dismantles. NCHRP Report 460 provides the sequencing and load-management framework for bridge removal; an equivalent structural analysis shall govern other special structures. {note}
+
+## Removal of a span or structural member shall not proceed until the analysis confirms the stability of the remaining structure.
+
+## Where demolition occurs over or adjacent to traffic, water, or rail, containment and protection of the area below shall be provided throughout the work.
+
+# Site Restoration {toc}
+
+## On completion of demolition and foundation removal, the site shall be left in a demolition-complete condition ready to receive subsequent earthwork. {note}
+
+## This section ends at a clean, rough-graded pad. Final structural fill, compaction to design density, and finish grading are governed by [[sync/earthwork]], and erosion and sediment control measures are maintained under [[sync/erosion-and-sediment-control]] until the site is stabilized. {note}
+
+## All demolition debris, foundation remnants, and below-grade obstructions shall be removed from the site except material expressly approved for reuse as on-site fill.
+
+## Cavities and below-grade voids shall be backfilled and the site rough-graded to the specified elevation tolerance.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Site restoration condition
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Rough-graded to receive subsequent earthwork
+ - Cleared to a specified grade elevation
+ - Backfilled and compacted to design density
+default: Rough-graded to receive subsequent earthwork
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Rough-grade elevation tolerance
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 1
+max: 6
+step: 1
+default: 3
+```
+
+## A verification survey confirming foundation removal depth and final grade shall be submitted as a closeout deliverable.
+
+# Warranty {toc}
+
+## The Contractor shall warrant that the demolition was performed in accordance with this section and that the site is free of undisclosed demolition debris and below-grade obstructions within the limits of demolition.
+
+## The Contractor shall remain responsible for correcting damage to adjacent structures, utilities, and property attributable to the demolition operations, in accordance with the contract conditions.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Correction-of-damage responsibility period
+type: range
+unit: months
+min: 12
+max: 24
+step: 6
+default: 12
+```