Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
---
title: Combination and Manual Motor Starters
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## One frame standard — NEMA or IEC — shall be designated for the entire project and held consistently across all starters to limit the spare-parts inventory and simplify maintenance.
−## The project frame standard shall be stated in the project electrical general requirements; ad-hoc mixing of NEMA and IEC frames across a project creates long-term maintenance and stocking problems. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Project Frame Standard
…5 unchanged lines
```
+## The project frame standard shall be stated in the project electrical general requirements; ad-hoc mixing of NEMA and IEC frames across a project creates long-term maintenance and stocking problems. {note}
+
# Environmental and Service Conditions {toc}
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## The starter type shall match the control function required by the driven load, the available fault current, and the project frame standard.
−## A full-voltage non-reversing (FVNR) starter is the default configuration; full-voltage reversing (FVR) is furnished only where the driven load requires both directions of rotation. {note}
−
−## Combination starters are classified by their branch-circuit protective device: fusible-switch type (switch plus fuses), circuit-breaker type (thermal-magnetic breaker), and motor-circuit-protector (MCP) type (instantaneous-only breaker). {note}
−
−## The MCP type uses an instantaneous-only breaker and achieves the highest available SCCR — up to 100 kA at 480 V — making it the preferred type where available fault current is high. {note}
−
−## A manual motor protector (MMP) provides the disconnecting means and short-circuit protection with a manual-reset thermal-magnetic trip and no contactor, and is appropriate only for motors that require no remote start/stop. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Control Configuration
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```
+## A full-voltage non-reversing (FVNR) starter is the default configuration; full-voltage reversing (FVR) is furnished only where the driven load requires both directions of rotation. {note}
+
+## Combination starters are classified by their branch-circuit protective device: fusible-switch type (switch plus fuses), circuit-breaker type (thermal-magnetic breaker), and motor-circuit-protector (MCP) type (instantaneous-only breaker). {note}
+
+## The MCP type uses an instantaneous-only breaker and achieves the highest available SCCR — up to 100 kA at 480 V — making it the preferred type where available fault current is high. {note}
+
+## A manual motor protector (MMP) provides the disconnecting means and short-circuit protection with a manual-reset thermal-magnetic trip and no contactor, and is appropriate only for motors that require no remote start/stop. {note}
+
## Reversing Starters {toc}
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### The starter and all components shall be rated for the nominal system voltage of the served branch circuit.
−### The control power transformer (CPT) and contactor coil voltages shall be confirmed against the system voltage and the control source before ordering; a mismatch is a common cause of field rework. {note}
+### The control power transformer (CPT) and contactor coil voltages shall be confirmed against the system voltage and the control source before ordering; a mismatch is a common cause of field rework.
```datasheet
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### NEMA-frame starters shall be sized by motor horsepower and supply voltage in accordance with the NEMA ICS 2 size table.
−### NEMA sizes and their maximum three-phase horsepower at 480 V are: Size 00 = 1.5 HP, Size 0 = 5 HP, Size 1 = 10 HP, Size 2 = 25 HP, Size 3 = 50 HP, Size 4 = 100 HP, Size 5 = 200 HP, Size 6 = 400 HP, Size 7 = 600 HP, and Size 8 = 900 HP. {note}
−
−### Size 1 (10 HP / 480 V) and Size 2 (25 HP / 480 V) cover the majority of commercial and light-industrial starters, with Size 1 the single most common item. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: NEMA Starter Size
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```
+### NEMA sizes and their maximum three-phase horsepower at 480 V are: Size 00 = 1.5 HP, Size 0 = 5 HP, Size 1 = 10 HP, Size 2 = 25 HP, Size 3 = 50 HP, Size 4 = 100 HP, Size 5 = 200 HP, Size 6 = 400 HP, Size 7 = 600 HP, and Size 8 = 900 HP. {note}
+
+### Size 1 (10 HP / 480 V) and Size 2 (25 HP / 480 V) cover the majority of commercial and light-industrial starters, with Size 1 the single most common item. {note}
+
### IEC-frame controllers shall be selected by motor full-load current and utilization category (AC-3 for standard motor duty) rather than by NEMA size. {note}
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### A NEMA Size 1 fusible starter may carry an SCCR as low as 10 kA while the upstream panelboard delivers 42 kA or more; specifying a size without verifying SCCR against the available fault current is a frequent and serious error. {note}
−### The minimum specified SCCR shall be 42 kA RMS symmetrical at 480 V for general commercial and industrial applications; 65 kA or 100 kA shall be specified where the short-circuit study shows higher available fault current. {note}
+### The minimum specified SCCR shall be 42 kA RMS symmetrical at 480 V for general commercial and industrial applications; 65 kA or 100 kA shall be specified where the short-circuit study shows higher available fault current.
−### Component SCCRs do not add; the assembly SCCR shall be established by a tested rating or a UL 508A series-combination calculation, never by summing individual device ratings. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Minimum Short-Circuit Current Rating (SCCR) at 480 V
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```
+### Component SCCRs do not add; the assembly SCCR shall be established by a tested rating or a UL 508A series-combination calculation, never by summing individual device ratings. {note}
+
### The available fault current at the starter line terminals shall be coordinated with the upstream distribution and the service, and verified against the [[sync/electrical-service-entrance]] short-circuit study.
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### Electronic (solid-state) overload relays are preferred for high-cycle duty and for Class 20/30 adjustability, and provide field-adjustable trip via a front-mounted dial. {note}
−### Electronic overload relays with integral phase-loss protection shall be provided for critical three-phase motors, because bimetallic relays do not detect single-phasing until the surviving phases overload. {note}
+### Electronic overload relays with integral phase-loss protection shall be provided for critical three-phase motors, because bimetallic relays do not detect single-phasing until the surviving phases overload.
```datasheet
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### The overload relay trip class shall be Class 20 for general-purpose motors, Class 10 for submersible pumps and motors with short thermal time constants, and Class 30 for high-inertia loads such as large fans and centrifuges.
−### Defaulting to Class 20 on a submersible pump motor (which needs Class 10) causes nuisance trips at startup, while Class 30 on a standard fan motor delays fault protection; the trip class shall be matched to the load. {note}
+### Defaulting to Class 20 on a submersible pump motor (which needs Class 10) causes nuisance trips at startup, while Class 30 on a standard fan motor delays fault protection; the trip class shall be matched to the load.
```datasheet
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### Control power shall be 120 V AC, 60 Hz derived from an integral control power transformer (CPT) unless an external control voltage is indicated.
−### The integral CPT shall be sized at not less than the inrush plus sealed VA of the connected control devices.
−
−### 500 VA is the typical default CPT size for a single starter with pilot devices. {note}
−
−### A control power transformer shall be furnished whenever control wiring extends beyond the equipment enclosure or a 120 V control circuit is required by the system integrator or BAS contractor.
−
−### Omitting the CPT from the initial pricing scope is a routine source of RFIs on projects with BAS or remote control requirements. {note}
−
−### The contactor coil voltage shall match the control power source.
−
−### A 24 V DC BAS output driving a 120 V AC coil without an interposing relay will damage the BAS output; this configuration shall not be applied.
−
−### Verify coil voltage compatibility before ordering; a coil voltage mismatch is a common source of equipment damage that is difficult to remedy in the field. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Control Voltage
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```
+### The integral CPT shall be sized at not less than the inrush plus sealed VA of the connected control devices.
+
```datasheet
label: Control Power Transformer (CPT) VA Rating
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```
+### 500 VA is the typical default CPT size for a single starter with pilot devices. {note}
+
+### A control power transformer shall be furnished whenever control wiring extends beyond the equipment enclosure or a 120 V control circuit is required by the system integrator or BAS contractor.
+
+### Omitting the CPT from the initial pricing scope is a routine source of RFIs on projects with BAS or remote control requirements. {note}
+
+### The contactor coil voltage shall match the control power source.
+
+### A 24 V DC BAS output driving a 120 V AC coil without an interposing relay will damage the BAS output; this configuration shall not be applied.
+
+### Verify coil voltage compatibility before ordering; a coil voltage mismatch is a common source of equipment damage that is difficult to remedy in the field. {note}
+
## Accessories {toc}
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### Pilot light type shall be specified in the motor-starter schedule.
−### LED pilot lights are preferred over incandescent for longevity and lower heat dissipation inside the enclosure. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Pilot Light Type
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```
+### LED pilot lights are preferred over incandescent for longevity and lower heat dissipation inside the enclosure. {note}
+
# Enclosure and Nameplates {toc}
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## Starters shall be installed plumb, level, and securely mounted to a structural surface or rack at a height that places the operating handle within the reach limits of NEC 404.8 and 430.107.
−## Starters serving HVAC and plumbing equipment shall be coordinated with the equipment locations served, including water-source heat pump and packaged-unit motors where applicable. {note}
+## Starters serving HVAC and plumbing equipment shall be coordinated with the equipment locations served, including water-source heat pump and packaged-unit motors where applicable.
## Conductor terminations shall be torqued to the manufacturer's published values, and the torque shall be recorded.
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- Spare control fuses (per rating)
```