---
title: Combination and Manual Motor Starters
category: Electrical / Power Distribution Equipment
−toc_depth: 3
description: >
− When to use: Standalone enclosed combination and manual motor starters serving
− an individual motor branch circuit outside a motor control center, including
− full-voltage non-reversing (FVNR), full-voltage reversing (FVR), and manual
− motor protector (MMP) assemblies on fractional-HP through 200 HP motors at 200,
− 208, 240, 480, and 600 V for HVAC equipment, pumps, fans, compressors, and
− conveyors. Covers fusible-switch, circuit-breaker, and motor-circuit-protector
− (MCP) combination types listed to UL 508A.
− Not intended for: Grouped and multi-motor starters on a common bus
− (see [[sync/motor-control-centers]]); adjustable-speed drive packages
− (see [[sync/low-voltage-variable-frequency-drives]]); disconnect switches
− without an overload relay or contactor (see [[sync/enclosed-switches-and-disconnects]]);
− medium-voltage (above 600 V) starters; electronic soft starters; and across-the-line
− starters factory-wired inside packaged equipment
− (see [[sync/packaged-terminal-air-conditioners]]).
+ When to use: Individually enclosed motor starters rated 600 V and below that control and protect one motor on its own branch circuit outside a motor control center. Covers combination starters that assemble a disconnecting means, branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protection, a contactor, and an overload relay in one listed enclosure, in full-voltage non-reversing, reversing, two-speed, and reduced-voltage configurations, and manual motor starters that combine a hand-operated contact mechanism with an overload relay. Covers the ratings, the branch-circuit protective device, the contactor, the overload relay, control power, pilot devices and remote interfaces, the enclosure, identification, factory and field testing, installation, warranty, and spares, for indoor and outdoor installations.
+
+ Not intended for: Starter units plugged into a motor control center ([[sync/motor-control-centers]]); variable frequency drives and their bypass and disconnect provisions ([[sync/hvac-variable-frequency-drives]], [[sync/low-voltage-variable-frequency-drives]]); disconnect switches furnished without a controller or an overload relay, including the disconnecting means at the motor ([[sync/enclosed-switches-and-disconnects]]); the motors served ([[sync/electric-motors]]); medium-voltage controllers above 600 V; starters factory-wired inside packaged equipment, which belong to the standard governing that equipment; and the short-circuit, coordination, and arc-flash studies that establish the ratings and settings ([[sync/short-circuit-study]], [[sync/protective-coordination-study]], [[sync/arc-flash-study]]).
---
# Scope {toc}
−## This Standard covers enclosed combination and manual motor starters that control and protect a single motor served by an individual branch circuit outside a motor control center. {note}
+## This standard governs the enclosed motor starter as a listed device: the disconnecting means and branch-circuit protective device of a combination starter, the contactor or the manual contact mechanism, the overload relay, the control power source, the pilot devices and remote interfaces, the enclosure, and the field work that puts the starter into service. {note}
−## A combination starter assembles a disconnecting means, branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protection, a contactor, and a motor-overload relay into one listed enclosure. A manual motor protector (MMP) provides the disconnect and short-circuit protection with manual overload reset but no contactor, suiting motors that need no remote start/stop. {note}
+## A combination starter differs from a starter unit in a motor control center in that it is complete in its own enclosure, is fed by its own branch circuit, and carries a short-circuit current rating of its own, so each starter is selected, rated, mounted, and labeled as a separate piece of equipment rather than as part of an assembly. {note}
−## The Contractor shall furnish and install enclosed motor starters complete with disconnecting means, overcurrent protection, contactor, overload relay, control power, enclosure, and accessories as specified and as scheduled.
+## A manual motor starter has no contactor: its contacts are opened and closed by hand, so it cannot be started or stopped from a remote point and has no coil to drop out when voltage is lost. A combination starter has a contactor, which is what makes remote and automatic control possible. Which of the two serves a motor follows from how that motor is controlled, and it is designated per motor on the schedule rather than selected once for the project. {note}
−## Each starter shall control one motor on one branch circuit unless the Contract Documents specifically indicate a grouped or multi-motor installation.
+## The following are governed elsewhere and are outside this standard: {note}
−## Grouped motor installations, lineups on a common bus, and centralized motor control belong to [[sync/motor-control-centers]] and are not furnished under this Standard. {note}
+- starter units, feeder units, and drive units installed in a motor control center, under [[sync/motor-control-centers]]
+- variable frequency drives, including their integral bypass and disconnect provisions, under [[sync/hvac-variable-frequency-drives]] and [[sync/low-voltage-variable-frequency-drives]]
+- the disconnecting means at the motor where the starter is not within sight of it, and enclosed switches furnished without a controller, under [[sync/enclosed-switches-and-disconnects]]
+- the motors served, their nameplate data, service factor, and winding arrangement, under [[sync/electric-motors]]
+- the branch-circuit conductors and their terminations, under [[sync/conductors-and-cables]]
+- the raceways serving the starter, under [[sync/raceways-and-conduit]]
+- the equipment grounding conductor and the bonding of the enclosure, under [[sync/grounding-and-bonding]]
+- the panelboard that supplies the branch circuit, under [[sync/panelboards]]
+- the short-circuit, protective device coordination, and arc-flash incident energy studies, under [[sync/short-circuit-study]], [[sync/protective-coordination-study]], and [[sync/arc-flash-study]]
+- the sequences of operation, points, and network architecture of the building automation or process control system the starter reports to, under [[sync/building-automation-system]] and [[sync/process-control-networks]]
−## Variable-frequency drive packages with integral bypass and disconnect are specified under [[sync/low-voltage-variable-frequency-drives]] and are excluded here. {note}
+## Each starter shall control one motor on one branch circuit.
−## Disconnect switches furnished without an overload relay or contactor assembly are specified under [[sync/enclosed-switches-and-disconnects]] and are excluded here. {note}
+## The location of each starter shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the electrical plans]].
−## Medium-voltage starters above 600 V, electronic soft starters, and starters factory-wired inside packaged equipment are outside the scope of this Standard. {note}
+## The controller function of each starter, whether full-voltage non-reversing, reversing, two-speed, or reduced-voltage by a stated method and transition, shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the motor and starter schedule]].
+## The motors served by a manual motor starter in place of a combination starter shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the motor and starter schedule]].
+
# Referenced Standards {toc}
−## Equipment, materials, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited or a different edition is enforced by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
+## Equipment, materials, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
−## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
+## Where the contract documents, the Authority Having Jurisdiction, or two referenced standards impose conflicting requirements, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
| Standard | Title |
|----------|-------|
−| NFPA 70 (NEC) Article 430 | Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers |
−| NFPA 70 (NEC) Article 430 Part IV | Motor Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection |
−| NFPA 70E | Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace |
| UL 508 | Industrial Control Equipment |
| UL 508A | Industrial Control Panels |
−| UL 60947-4-1 | Low-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear — Contactors and Motor-Starters |
−| IEC 60947-4-1 (Ed. 5, 2023) | Low-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear, Part 4-1: Contactors and Motor-Starters — Electromechanical Contactors and Motor-Starters |
−| NEMA ICS 1 | General Standards for Industrial Control and Systems |
−| NEMA ICS 2 | Controllers, Contactors and Overload Relays Rated Not More Than 2000 V AC or 750 V DC |
−| NEMA ICS 6 | Enclosures for Industrial Controls and Systems |
+| UL 60947-4-1 | Low-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and Motor-Starters - Electromechanical Contactors and Motor-Starters |
+| UL 489 | Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Molded-Case Switches, and Circuit-Breaker Enclosures |
+| UL 98 | Enclosed and Dead-Front Switches |
+| UL 248-1 | Low-Voltage Fuses - Part 1: General Requirements |
+| UL 50E | Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, Environmental Considerations |
+| NEMA ICS 1 | Industrial Control and Systems: General Requirements |
+| NEMA ICS 2 | Industrial Control and Systems: Controllers, Contactors, and Overload Relays Rated 600 Volts |
+| NEMA ICS 5 | Industrial Control and Systems: Control Circuit and Pilot Devices |
+| NEMA ICS 6 | Industrial Control and Systems: Enclosures |
+| NEMA 250 | Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum) |
+| NEMA MG 1 | Motors and Generators |
+| NFPA 70 | National Electrical Code (Articles 110, 240, 409, 430, and 500) |
+| NFPA 70E | Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace |
+| OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 | The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) |
+| ANSI/NETA ATS | Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems |
+| ASCE 7 | Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures (Chapter 13) |
+| ICC-ES AC156 | Acceptance Criteria for Seismic Certification by Shake-Table Testing of Nonstructural Components |
−## UL 60947-4-1 is the harmonized UL/IEC listing path for IEC-frame contactors and motor starters and is the preferred listing for IEC-style devices sold in North America, effectively superseding the legacy UL 508 listing for those devices. {note}
+## NEMA ICS 2 rates a contactor by size for a horsepower at a voltage, and UL 508 is the listing under which NEMA-rated contactors, starters, and overload relays are evaluated; UL 60947-4-1 is the listing under which IEC-rated contactors and starters are evaluated in North America, by utilization category rather than by size. Both listings are accepted by NFPA 70 for a motor controller, and the choice between the two rating systems is made in this standard as a product selection. {note}
−## NEMA ICS 2 is the governing sizing document for NEMA-frame starters and defines the horsepower-versus-voltage size table; it operates alongside, and does not conflict with, the UL listings. {note}
−
# Submittals {toc}
## Action Submittals {toc}
−### The Contractor shall submit the following action submittals for review before fabrication or ordering:
−- Product data for each starter type, including enclosure type, NEMA or IEC frame designation, voltage rating, and short-circuit current rating (SCCR).
−- Catalog cut sheets for the disconnecting means, overcurrent protective device, contactor, and overload relay, with the listed combination identified.
−- A motor-starter schedule correlating each starter to its motor tag, horsepower, nameplate full-load amperes (FLA), service factor, and branch circuit.
−- Overload relay selection data showing trip class and the proposed setting derived from motor nameplate FLA.
−- Shop drawings showing enclosure dimensions, gland/conduit entry locations, nameplate engraving, and accessory arrangement.
−- Control wiring (elementary/ladder) diagrams showing control power source, HOA logic, interlocks, and auxiliary contact connections to the building automation system (BAS) or PLC.
+### The Contractor shall submit the following for review before any starter is released for manufacture:
+- product data for each starter type, identifying the listing of the complete starter, the contactor rating basis and size or utilization category, the overload relay, the branch-circuit protective device, and the enclosure type and material
+- a starter schedule correlating each starter designation to the motor served, its horsepower, its nameplate full-load current and service factor, its voltage, the controller function, and the branch circuit that feeds it
+- the short-circuit current rating of each starter with the basis on which it was established, and for a series-rated starter the upstream device on which the rating depends
+- the overload relay selection for each starter, showing the relay range or heater, the trip class, and the proposed setting derived from the motor nameplate full-load current
+- the proposed instantaneous-trip setting for each starter furnished with an instantaneous-trip circuit breaker
+- shop drawings showing enclosure dimensions, mounting provisions, conduit entry areas, and the arrangement of door-mounted devices
+- control schematic and wiring diagrams for each starter type, showing the control power source, the selector switch and pushbutton logic, the interlocks, the auxiliary contacts, and every remote interface point
+- the nameplate schedule listing the text to appear on each starter nameplate
+- the seismic certification for the starter, where the datasheet requires one
+
```datasheet
label: Action Submittals
type: checkbox
options:
− - Product data per starter type
− - Component cut sheets (disconnect, OCPD, contactor, overload)
− - Motor-starter schedule with nameplate FLA
− - Overload relay trip class and setting data
− - Enclosure shop drawings and nameplate engraving
− - Control wiring (ladder) diagrams
+ - "Product data per starter type"
+ - "Starter schedule with motor nameplate data"
+ - "Short-circuit current rating and basis"
+ - "Overload relay selection and settings"
+ - "Instantaneous-trip settings"
+ - "Enclosure shop drawings"
+ - "Control schematic and wiring diagrams"
+ - "Nameplate schedule"
+ - "Seismic certification"
default:
− - Product data per starter type
− - Component cut sheets (disconnect, OCPD, contactor, overload)
− - Motor-starter schedule with nameplate FLA
− - Overload relay trip class and setting data
− - Control wiring (ladder) diagrams
+ - "Product data per starter type"
+ - "Starter schedule with motor nameplate data"
+ - "Short-circuit current rating and basis"
+ - "Overload relay selection and settings"
+ - "Enclosure shop drawings"
+ - "Control schematic and wiring diagrams"
+ - "Nameplate schedule"
```
−### The Contractor shall submit an SCCR substantiation for each combination assembly demonstrating that the listed assembly SCCR equals or exceeds the available fault current at the starter line terminals.
+### A starter shall not be released for manufacture until the action submittals covering it have been reviewed and returned.
−### The SCCR substantiation shall reference a UL 508A series-rated combination or a tested assembly rating.
+### The overload relay setting is the submittal item that most often comes back wrong, because the setting is derived from the nameplate full-load current of the motor actually furnished, and that nameplate is often not available when the starter submittal is first prepared; a submittal that derives the setting from the table value in NFPA 70 rather than from the nameplate is returned for that reason. {note}
−### The SCCR substantiation shall not rely on the arithmetic sum of individual component SCCRs.
+## Informational Submittals {toc}
−## Closeout Submittals {toc}
+### The Contractor shall submit the following with or before the action submittals:
−### The Contractor shall submit the following closeout submittals before Substantial Completion:
−- Operation and maintenance manuals covering overload reset, trip-class adjustment, and contactor maintenance.
−- Record (as-built) control diagrams reflecting field modifications.
−- Field test reports for insulation resistance and overload trip-current verification.
−- Arc-flash and equipment labels installed, with the source short-circuit study referenced.
+- the manufacturer's qualification statement required under Quality Assurance
+- the qualifications of the firm and the technicians who will perform field acceptance testing
+- the manufacturer's published derating factors applied for ambient temperature and altitude, where either exceeds the usual service conditions of NEMA ICS 1
+- the manufacturer's published coordination type for each tested combination furnished, where a coordination type is selected in the datasheet
```datasheet
−label: Closeout Submittals
+label: Informational Submittals
type: checkbox
options:
− - O&M manuals
− - Record control diagrams
− - Insulation resistance test reports
− - Overload trip-current verification reports
− - Arc-flash / equipment label confirmation
+ - "Manufacturer qualification statement"
+ - "Field testing firm and technician qualifications"
+ - "Ambient and altitude derating factors"
+ - "Published coordination type of each tested combination"
default:
− - O&M manuals
− - Record control diagrams
− - Insulation resistance test reports
− - Overload trip-current verification reports
− - Arc-flash / equipment label confirmation
+ - "Manufacturer qualification statement"
+ - "Field testing firm and technician qualifications"
```
−## Informational Submittals {toc}
+## Closeout Submittals {toc}
−### The Contractor shall submit the following informational submittals:
−- Manufacturer's installation instructions and recommended torque values.
−- Certification that each combination assembly is listed and labeled to UL 508 or UL 508A as applicable.
−- IEC coordination type (Type 1 or Type 2) declaration for IEC-frame assemblies.
+### The Contractor shall submit the following before the starters are accepted:
+- operation and maintenance data covering each starter type and each device installed in it, including the overload reset, trip class adjustment, and contactor contact inspection procedures
+- record drawings and control diagrams reflecting every field change to the wiring, the settings, and the remote interfaces
+- the field acceptance test report for each starter
+- the final settings of every adjustable device, including the overload relay dial and class settings, the instantaneous-trip settings, and the soft starter parameters
+- the arc-flash incident energy labels installed, with the study revision they were taken from
+- the warranty certificate identifying each starter and the warranty commencement date
+- a signed receipt from the Owner for the spare parts delivered
+
```datasheet
−label: Informational Submittals
+label: Closeout Submittals
type: checkbox
options:
− - Installation instructions and torque data
− - UL 508 / UL 508A listing certification
− - IEC coordination type declaration
+ - "Operation and maintenance data"
+ - "Record drawings and control diagrams"
+ - "Field acceptance test reports"
+ - "Final device settings"
+ - "Arc-flash label record"
+ - "Warranty certificate"
+ - "Spare parts receipt"
default:
− - Installation instructions and torque data
− - UL 508 / UL 508A listing certification
+ - "Operation and maintenance data"
+ - "Record drawings and control diagrams"
+ - "Field acceptance test reports"
+ - "Final device settings"
+ - "Warranty certificate"
+ - "Spare parts receipt"
```
# Quality Assurance {toc}
−## Each combination motor controller assembly shall be listed and labeled to UL 508A as a factory-assembled industrial control panel, or shall be a field-assembled combination of individually listed UL 508 / UL 60947-4-1 components forming a listed combination.
+## Manufacturer Qualifications {toc}
−## Each contactor and overload relay shall be listed to UL 508 or UL 60947-4-1 as applicable to its frame type.
+### Each starter shall be produced by a manufacturer that has held a listing for enclosed motor controllers of the type furnished for not less than the period indicated in the datasheet.
−## The manufacturer shall be a producer regularly engaged in the manufacture of motor control equipment of the type specified for a minimum of five years.
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum Manufacturer Listing History
+type: range
+unit: years
+options:
+ min: 0
+ max: 20
+ setpoints: [0, 3, 5, 10, 20]
+default: 5
+```
−## The installing Contractor shall employ electricians licensed in the jurisdiction of the Work and experienced in the installation of motor control equipment.
+### The manufacturer shall state in the qualification statement the period, measured from the date of manufacture, for which replacement contactors, overload relays, and coils for the starter platform will remain available.
−## Mixing components from different manufacturers within one combination assembly is prohibited unless the resulting assembly carries a tested or calculated UL 508A series-combination SCCR rating that covers every component. {note}
+## Listing {toc}
−## One frame standard — NEMA or IEC — shall be designated for the entire project and held consistently across all starters to limit the spare-parts inventory and simplify maintenance.
+### Each combination starter shall be listed and labeled as a combination motor controller under UL 508 or UL 60947-4-1, or as an industrial control panel under UL 508A, by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory, with the short-circuit current rating marked on the enclosure in accordance with NFPA 70 430.8 and 409.110.
+### Each manual motor starter shall be listed and labeled as a manual motor controller under UL 508 or UL 60947-4-1 by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory.
+
+### The disconnecting means, the branch-circuit protective device, the contactor, and the overload relay of a combination starter shall be furnished by one manufacturer as one listed combination, and a starter assembled in the field from separately listed devices shall not be furnished unless it is evaluated and labeled under UL 508A with a short-circuit current rating covering every device in it.
+
+### The short-circuit current rating of a combination is a property of the tested pairing of its devices, so a device exchanged after listing takes the rating of the combination with it; this is why the combination is required to come from one manufacturer under one listing. {note}
+
+## Field Testing Firm {toc}
+
+### Field acceptance testing shall be performed by the firm indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Project Frame Standard
+label: Field Acceptance Testing Firm
type: radio
options:
− - NEMA frame (robust industrial / outdoor duty)
− - IEC frame (space-constrained / process panel)
−default: NEMA frame (robust industrial / outdoor duty)
+ - "Independent testing firm accredited to ANSI/NETA ATS"
+ - "Manufacturer's field service organization"
+ - "Installing contractor's own technicians"
```
−## The project frame standard shall be stated in the project electrical general requirements; ad-hoc mixing of NEMA and IEC frames across a project creates long-term maintenance and stocking problems. {note}
+### The technicians who perform field acceptance testing shall have tested enclosed motor controllers of the type furnished and shall be qualified in accordance with [[sync/electrical-acceptance-testing]].
+### An independent firm has no stake in whether the starter passes and reports against a published acceptance standard; the manufacturer's organization knows the product best; the installing contractor's own technicians cost least and are available on the installer's schedule. Which of these the Owner wants depends on how the results will be used, and on whether a report from the party who installed the equipment would satisfy the Owner's insurer and the Authority Having Jurisdiction. {note}
+
# Environmental and Service Conditions {toc}
−## Starters shall be rated for continuous operation in the ambient and exposure conditions at their installed location without derating below the connected motor load.
+## Ambient Temperature {toc}
−## Standard starters are rated for a maximum ambient of 40°C; locations in direct sun, in unconditioned mechanical rooms, or otherwise exceeding 40°C (104°F) require a 50°C-rated device or an enclosure derate. {note}
+### Each starter shall carry its nameplate ratings at the design ambient temperature of the space indicated in the datasheet.
−### Where the installed ambient exceeds 40°C, the Contractor shall furnish starters rated for 50°C ambient or shall apply the manufacturer's published derating.
+```datasheet
+label: Indoor Design Ambient Temperature
+type: range
+unit: °C
+options:
+ min: 40
+ max: 55
+ setpoints: [40, 45, 50, 55]
+default: 40
+```
−## Enclosure type shall be selected for the environment of the installed location in accordance with NEMA ICS 6.
+### The usual service conditions of NEMA ICS 1 establish the ratings of a controller at a 40 °C ambient, so a 40 °C design ambient is the condition at which the nameplate applies without correction; a higher value covers a mechanical room, a penthouse, or a process space whose temperature cannot be held at that ambient at design load, at the cost of a larger contactor or a larger enclosure for the same motor. {note}
−## NEMA 3R is raintight but is not corrosion-resistant; coastal salt air, chemical wash-down, and wastewater service require a NEMA 4X 316 stainless steel or fiberglass enclosure rather than NEMA 3R. {note}
+### Where a starter is installed outdoors or in a space that follows the outdoor temperature and [[parameter: site-ambient-temperature-maximum]] exceeds 40 °C, the manufacturer shall derate the starter in accordance with its published factors and shall state the derated ratings in the action submittals.
−### Outdoor starters in corrosive, coastal, or wash-down environments shall be furnished in NEMA 4X enclosures of an explicitly specified corrosion-resistant material.
+### Where a starter is installed outdoors, the enclosure space heater, where furnished, shall be sized to hold the interior above the dew point at [[parameter: site-ambient-temperature-minimum]].
+## Altitude {toc}
+
+### Each starter shall be derated for [[parameter: altitude]] in accordance with the manufacturer's published correction factors where the altitude exceeds the 2000 m usual service condition of NEMA ICS 1.
+
+### Air thins with altitude, which reduces both the convective cooling that sets the continuous current rating of the contactor and the dielectric strength of the clearances inside the starter, so a starter rated at sea level carries less current and less insulation margin at elevation than its nameplate states. {note}
+
+### Ambient temperature derating and altitude derating shall be applied cumulatively where both conditions apply.
+
+## Seismic Qualification {toc}
+
+### The seismic certification required for each starter shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Enclosure Type
−type: radio
+label: Seismic Certification Requirement
+type: select
+derived: "[[parameter: seismic-design-category]] and the component importance factor assigned to the starter under ASCE 7 Chapter 13"
options:
− - NEMA 1 (indoor, conditioned, dry)
− - NEMA 12 (indoor industrial, dust/drip-tight)
− - NEMA 3R (outdoor, raintight)
− - NEMA 4 (indoor/outdoor watertight)
− - NEMA 4X (corrosion-resistant, watertight)
−default: NEMA 1 (indoor, conditioned, dry)
+ - "No seismic certification required"
+ - "Anchorage design only, in accordance with ASCE 7 Chapter 13"
+ - "Special certification of the starter as an active component in accordance with ASCE 7 Section 13.2.2"
+default: derived
```
+### Anchorage keeps the starter on its wall or floor; special certification demonstrates that the starter still operates after the design earthquake, which ASCE 7 requires of a component whose importance factor is above 1.0. A starter serving a fire pump, a smoke control fan, or another life-safety load carries an importance factor of 1.5 under ASCE 7, and so does a starter needed for the continued operation of a Risk Category IV facility. {note}
+
+### Where seismic certification is required, it shall be performed in accordance with the seismic provisions of [[parameter: adopted-building-code]] and ASCE 7 Chapter 13, by shake-table test in accordance with ICC-ES AC156 or by analysis accepted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, and the certificate shall cover the starter as furnished, including its enclosure and door-mounted devices.
+
+# Ratings {toc}
+
+## Motor Served {toc}
+
+### Each starter shall be rated for the horsepower and the nameplate full-load current of the motor served as indicated on [[drawing: the motor and starter schedule]].
+
+### The contactor size or utilization category rating, the overload relay range, and the branch-circuit protective device rating are each selected from the horsepower and full-load current of the motor served, so those two values are read from the schedule for every starter and are never fixed by this standard. {note}
+
+### Each starter shall be rated for the voltage of the motor branch circuit as indicated on [[drawing: the motor and starter schedule]].
+
+### The rated frequency of the starters shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: NEMA 4X Enclosure Material
−type: select
+label: Rated Frequency
+type: radio
options:
− - Not applicable (other enclosure type)
− - 304 stainless steel
− - 316 stainless steel
− - Fiberglass (non-metallic)
−default: Not applicable (other enclosure type)
+ - "60 Hz"
+ - "50 Hz"
+default: "60 Hz"
```
+### The disconnecting means of each combination starter shall have an ampere rating of not less than 115 percent of the full-load current of the motor served, or shall be horsepower rated for the motor served, in accordance with NFPA 70 430.110.
+
+## Short-Circuit Current Rating {toc}
+
+### The short-circuit current rating marked on each starter shall equal or exceed the available fault current at its line terminals as established under [[sync/short-circuit-study]], and shall be not less than the minimum rating indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Maximum Ambient Temperature Rating
−type: radio
+label: Minimum Short-Circuit Current Rating
+type: range
+unit: kA
+drawing_ref: "the one-line diagram"
options:
− - 40°C (standard)
− - 50°C (elevated ambient / direct sun)
−default: 40°C (standard)
+ min: 5
+ max: 100
+ setpoints: [5, 10, 14, 18, 22, 25, 30, 35, 42, 50, 65, 100]
+default: deferred
```
−# Starter Type and Configuration {toc}
+### The datasheet value is a floor applied to every starter on the project; a starter whose line terminals see more fault current than that floor is rated for the fault current at its terminals. A single floor high enough to cover the worst location is the arrangement that removes the per-starter tracking, at the cost of a higher rating on the starters that did not need it. {note}
−## The starter type shall match the control function required by the driven load, the available fault current, and the project frame standard.
+### The short-circuit current rating published in a catalog for a starter is the highest rating the starter holds with the most favorable protective device, and the rating that applies is the one marked on the starter as furnished, with the device actually installed in it. {note}
+### The basis on which the short-circuit current rating of each starter is established shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Control Configuration
+label: Fault Current Rating Basis
type: radio
options:
− - Full-voltage non-reversing (FVNR)
− - Full-voltage reversing (FVR)
− - Manual motor protector (MMP) only
−default: Full-voltage non-reversing (FVNR)
+ - "Fully rated"
+ - "Series rated"
+default: "Fully rated"
```
+### A fully rated starter carries a rating that stands on its own; a series-rated starter reaches its marked rating through a tested combination in which its own protective device is rated only when the specific upstream device it was tested with remains in place, so a later change to the panelboard breaker that feeds it can silently void the rating. Series rating lowers the cost of the starter where the available fault current is high, and is used where the upstream device is under the same Owner's control and is not expected to change. {note}
+
+### Where series rating is the basis, the series-rated combination shall be marked on the starter in accordance with NFPA 70 110.22 and 240.86, and the upstream device on which the rating depends shall be identified in the action submittals.
+
+# Contactor and Controller Function {toc}
+
+## Contactor Rating Basis {toc}
+
+### The contactor rating basis shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Combination Type (Branch-Circuit Protective Device)
+label: Contactor Rating Basis
type: radio
options:
− - Fusible switch + fuses
− - Thermal-magnetic circuit breaker
− - Motor circuit protector (MCP, instantaneous-only)
−default: Thermal-magnetic circuit breaker
+ - "NEMA-rated per NEMA ICS 2"
+ - "IEC-rated per UL 60947-4-1"
+default: "NEMA-rated per NEMA ICS 2"
```
−## A full-voltage non-reversing (FVNR) starter is the default configuration; full-voltage reversing (FVR) is furnished only where the driven load requires both directions of rotation. {note}
+### A NEMA-rated contactor is rated by size for any motor of that horsepower on any duty, with a contact mass sized accordingly; an IEC-rated contactor is rated by utilization category for the specific duty applied, so a smaller and less expensive contactor can serve the same motor where the duty is known and stays within the category, and a larger one is needed where it does not. The difference shows in a high-cycle, jogging, or plugging duty, where a contactor sized to its rated category has less margin than the NEMA size, and in the space the enclosure needs. {note}
−## Combination starters are classified by their branch-circuit protective device: fusible-switch type (switch plus fuses), circuit-breaker type (thermal-magnetic breaker), and motor-circuit-protector (MCP) type (instantaneous-only breaker). {note}
+### The NEMA size or the utilization category and rated operational current of each contactor shall be stated in the product data against the motor it serves.
−## The MCP type uses an instantaneous-only breaker and achieves the highest available SCCR — up to 100 kA at 480 V — making it the preferred type where available fault current is high. {note}
+### Where an IEC-rated contactor is selected, it shall be rated for utilization category AC-3 at not less than the full-load current of the motor served, and for AC-4 where the schedule indicates jogging, plugging, or a starting frequency the manufacturer rates outside AC-3.
−## A manual motor protector (MMP) provides the disconnecting means and short-circuit protection with a manual-reset thermal-magnetic trip and no contactor, and is appropriate only for motors that require no remote start/stop. {note}
+### Where a NEMA-rated contactor is selected for a motor the schedule indicates as jogging or plugging duty, the contactor shall be selected at the derated horsepower NEMA ICS 2 assigns for that duty.
+### Contactors shall be electrically operated and electrically held, with a coil rated for the control voltage selected under this standard, and with main contacts that are inspectable and replaceable without removing the contactor from the enclosure.
+
+### Each contactor shall be furnished with not fewer than one normally open and one normally closed spare auxiliary contact, wired to terminal blocks, in addition to the contacts the starter's own control circuit and remote interfaces use.
+
## Reversing Starters {toc}
−### Reversing starters shall consist of two contactors with both a mechanical interlock and an electrical interlock to prevent simultaneous closure.
+### Where a reversing starter is indicated on the schedule, it shall consist of two contactors that are both mechanically and electrically interlocked so that both cannot close at the same time, in accordance with NEMA ICS 2.
−### Reversing contactors shall have a mechanical interlock in addition to any electrical interlock, in accordance with NEC 430.84.
+### An electrical interlock alone depends on an auxiliary contact opening in time; a welded main contact or a miswired auxiliary can defeat it, and the mechanical interlock is what prevents a line-to-line fault through the two contactors in that event. {note}
−### An electrical interlock alone is insufficient because a welded or mis-wired contact could energize both contactors simultaneously and short the supply. {note}
+### Reversing starters shall be furnished factory-assembled with the mechanical interlock installed and tested, and a mechanical interlock shall not be added in the field.
−### Reversing starters shall be furnished factory-assembled with the mechanical interlock installed; field-added interlocks are not acceptable.
+### A reversing starter shall be furnished with one overload relay common to both directions, and with forward, reverse, and stop pilot devices where door-mounted control is selected in the datasheet.
−# Ratings and Sizing {toc}
+### Unless the schedule indicates plugging duty for the motor served, the control circuit of a reversing starter shall be arranged so that the motor is stopped before the opposite direction can be energized.
−## Voltage Rating {toc}
+## Two-Speed Starters {toc}
−### The starter and all components shall be rated for the nominal system voltage of the served branch circuit.
+### Where a two-speed starter is indicated on the schedule, it shall be furnished for the winding arrangement, separate-winding or consequent-pole, of the motor furnished under [[sync/electric-motors]].
−### The control power transformer (CPT) and contactor coil voltages shall be confirmed against the system voltage and the control source before ordering; a mismatch is a common cause of field rework.
+### A two-speed starter shall include a separate overload relay for each speed, each selected for the full-load current of the motor at that speed.
+### The speed contactors of a two-speed starter shall be mechanically and electrically interlocked, and a consequent-pole starter shall include the additional contactor the winding connection requires.
+
+### Where the driven equipment manufacturer requires a delay before the low speed is connected after the motor has been running at high speed, the starter shall include an adjustable deceleration time delay.
+
+## Reduced-Voltage Starters {toc}
+
+### Where a reduced-voltage starter is indicated on the schedule by its starting method, the starter shall be furnished for that method, complete with the transition contactors, the autotransformer or resistors, or the power semiconductors the method requires, in one enclosure with the disconnecting means, the branch-circuit protective device, and the overload relay.
+
+### A solid-state starter ramps the voltage continuously and can also stop the motor gently, and its starting current is adjustable after installation; an autotransformer starter delivers the highest starting torque per ampere of line current of the electromechanical methods; a wye-delta starter needs a motor wound with both ends of each phase brought out; and a part-winding starter needs a motor wound for it. The electromechanical methods start at a fixed reduction set by their taps or their winding, and an open-transition method draws a second inrush at the transition that a closed-transition method avoids. {note}
+
+### Where a solid-state starter is indicated, the bypass arrangement shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: System Voltage
+label: Soft Starter Bypass Arrangement
type: radio
options:
− - 200 V, 3Φ
− - 208 V, 3Φ
− - 240 V, 3Φ
− - 480 V, 3Φ
− - 600 V, 3Φ
− - 240 V, 1Φ
−default: 480 V, 3Φ
+ - "No bypass contactor"
+ - "Integral bypass contactor"
+ - "Separate full-rated bypass contactor"
```
−## NEMA Starter Size {toc}
+### A soft starter without a bypass carries the running current through its power semiconductors for the whole run and dissipates their conduction loss continuously, so the enclosure is sized and ventilated for that heat; an integral bypass contactor carries the running current once the motor is at speed and removes the running loss, but it is rated to close and carry rather than to start; a separate full-rated bypass contactor can start the motor across the line with the soft starter out of service, at the cost of a contactor of the full starter size. The running loss is what makes a bypass worth its cost on a large motor that runs continuously, and what makes it unnecessary on a small motor that runs briefly. {note}
−### NEMA-frame starters shall be sized by motor horsepower and supply voltage in accordance with the NEMA ICS 2 size table.
+### A reduced-voltage starter shall include an overload relay that protects the motor through the start as well as during the run, and the relay shall be connected so that the motor current passes through it in every stage of the start.
+# Disconnecting Means and Branch-Circuit Protection {toc}
+
+## Branch-Circuit Protective Device {toc}
+
+### The branch-circuit short-circuit and ground-fault protective device of each combination starter shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: NEMA Starter Size
+label: Branch-Circuit Protective Device Type
type: select
options:
− - Size 00 (up to 1.5 HP / 480 V)
− - Size 0 (up to 5 HP / 480 V)
− - Size 1 (up to 10 HP / 480 V)
− - Size 2 (up to 25 HP / 480 V)
− - Size 3 (up to 50 HP / 480 V)
− - Size 4 (up to 100 HP / 480 V)
− - Size 5 (up to 200 HP / 480 V)
− - IEC frame (sized by motor FLA, not NEMA size)
−default: Size 1 (up to 10 HP / 480 V)
+ - "Fusible disconnect switch"
+ - "Thermal-magnetic circuit breaker"
+ - "Instantaneous-trip circuit breaker"
+ - "Self-protected combination controller"
```
−### NEMA sizes and their maximum three-phase horsepower at 480 V are: Size 00 = 1.5 HP, Size 0 = 5 HP, Size 1 = 10 HP, Size 2 = 25 HP, Size 3 = 50 HP, Size 4 = 100 HP, Size 5 = 200 HP, Size 6 = 400 HP, Size 7 = 600 HP, and Size 8 = 900 HP. {note}
+### A fusible switch provides the highest interrupting rating in the smallest enclosure and clears a high-magnitude fault fastest, at the cost of a fuse replacement after every fault and a single-phasing exposure that the overload relay must cover. A thermal-magnetic breaker adds its own thermal element as a second layer of overload protection, which lets it stand alone but which can trip on a long start unless it is sized above the inrush, and it is reset rather than replaced after a fault. An instantaneous-trip breaker carries no thermal element and is adjusted above the motor inrush so that it clears only faults, leaving running overload protection to the overload relay, which gives the closest coordination with a motor's starting current; it is listed for use only as part of a tested combination. A self-protected combination controller combines the short-circuit trip, the disconnect, and the overload function in one small device and is the smallest of the four, and its use is limited to the horsepower range in which it is listed. No one of the four is the norm across projects, so the field carries no default. {note}
−### Size 1 (10 HP / 480 V) and Size 2 (25 HP / 480 V) cover the majority of commercial and light-industrial starters, with Size 1 the single most common item. {note}
+### Each branch-circuit protective device shall be sized within the maximum rating or setting NFPA 70 Table 430.52 permits for the device type and the motor served, and the rating or setting selected shall be stated in the action submittals.
−### IEC-frame controllers shall be selected by motor full-load current and utilization category (AC-3 for standard motor duty) rather than by NEMA size. {note}
+### Where the rating Table 430.52 permits does not carry the starting current of the motor served, the next higher rating or setting shall be selected within the limits the exceptions of NFPA 70 430.52(C) permit for the device type, and the reason shall be stated in the action submittals.
−## Short-Circuit Current Rating (SCCR) {toc}
+## Fusible Disconnect Switch {toc}
−### The listed SCCR of each combination assembly shall equal or exceed the available fault current at the starter line terminals as determined by the project short-circuit study.
+### Where a fusible disconnect switch is selected, the switch shall be listed to UL 98, horsepower rated for the motor served, and furnished with fuse clips of the class indicated in the datasheet.
−### A NEMA Size 1 fusible starter may carry an SCCR as low as 10 kA while the upstream panelboard delivers 42 kA or more; specifying a size without verifying SCCR against the available fault current is a frequent and serious error. {note}
−
−### The minimum specified SCCR shall be 42 kA RMS symmetrical at 480 V for general commercial and industrial applications; 65 kA or 100 kA shall be specified where the short-circuit study shows higher available fault current.
−
```datasheet
−label: Minimum Short-Circuit Current Rating (SCCR) at 480 V
−type: radio
+label: Fuse Class
+type: select
options:
− - 42 kA RMS sym (commercial/industrial baseline)
− - 65 kA RMS sym
− - 100 kA RMS sym (high available fault current)
−default: 42 kA RMS sym (commercial/industrial baseline)
+ - "Class J"
+ - "Class RK1"
+ - "Class RK5"
+ - "Class CC"
+ - "Class T"
```
−### Component SCCRs do not add; the assembly SCCR shall be established by a tested rating or a UL 508A series-combination calculation, never by summing individual device ratings. {note}
+### Class J and Class CC fuses fit only their own clips, so a fuse of a lower interrupting rating cannot be installed in their place; Class R clips accept only Class R fuses where rejection-type clips are furnished, and Class RK1 clears a fault with less let-through than Class RK5 of the same rating, which is what raises the short-circuit current rating of the combination; Class T is the most compact and fits only its own clips. The fuse class selected has to match the class the combination was tested with, because the short-circuit current rating of the starter was established with that class in it. {note}
−### The available fault current at the starter line terminals shall be coordinated with the upstream distribution and the service, and verified against the [[sync/electrical-service-entrance]] short-circuit study.
+### Where a Class RK1 or Class RK5 fuse is selected, the switch shall be furnished with rejection-type fuse clips that accept only Class R fuses.
−# Overcurrent and Overload Protection {toc}
+### Fuses shall be listed under the UL 248 series in the class selected and shall be furnished installed in each fusible starter at delivery.
−## Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection {toc}
+### Where the class selected is manufactured as a dual-element time-delay fuse, the time-delay type shall be furnished unless the schedule indicates a non-time-delay fuse for the motor served.
−### The branch-circuit overcurrent protective device shall be sized within the maximum percentages of motor full-load current established by NEC Table 430.52 for the device type used.
+### A dual-element time-delay fuse rides through the motor inrush at a rating close to the full-load current, where a non-time-delay fuse must be sized up to 300 percent of full-load current to hold through the start and then protects the conductors less closely; Class J, Class RK1, Class RK5, and Class CC are each manufactured in both constructions, and Class T is a fast-acting class only. {note}
−### Per NEC Table 430.52, the maximum settings are: inverse-time (thermal-magnetic) breaker at 250% of motor FLC, instantaneous-trip (MCP) breaker at 800% (up to 1300% where required by NEC 430.52(C)(1) Exception), dual-element time-delay fuse at 175%, and non-time-delay fuse at 300%. {note}
+## Thermal-Magnetic Circuit Breaker {toc}
−### High-efficiency motors frequently carry locked-rotor code letter G or H with elevated inrush, which can require the MCP or fuse to be set toward the upper end of the NEC 430.52 range; the locked-rotor code letter shall be coordinated with the mechanical engineer. {note}
+### Where a thermal-magnetic circuit breaker is selected, it shall be an inverse-time circuit breaker listed to UL 489, with an interrupting rating not less than the short-circuit current rating required of the starter, or part of a series-rated combination where series rating is the basis.
−### Branch-circuit conductors shall be sized at not less than 125% of the motor full-load current in accordance with NEC 430.22.
+### The magnetic trip of a thermal-magnetic breaker in a combination starter shall be adjustable where the frame furnished offers an adjustable trip, and the setting shall be stated in the action submittals.
+## Instantaneous-Trip Circuit Breaker {toc}
+
+### Where an instantaneous-trip circuit breaker is selected, it shall be furnished only as part of a listed combination motor controller that includes an overload relay, in accordance with NFPA 70 430.52(C)(3), and shall have an adjustable instantaneous trip.
+
+### The instantaneous-trip setting of each such breaker shall be set within the range NFPA 70 430.52(C)(3) permits for the motor served, shall be set above the locked-rotor current indicated by the motor's code letter, and shall be recorded in the closeout submittals.
+
+### An instantaneous-trip breaker provides no overload protection of its own, so the branch-circuit conductors ahead of the overload relay are protected against overload only by the overload relay; this is why NFPA 70 permits the device only in a listed combination that includes one. {note}
+
+## Self-Protected Combination Controller {toc}
+
+### Where a self-protected combination controller is selected, it shall be a manual motor protector listed as a Type E self-protected combination motor controller under UL 508 or UL 60947-4-1, in accordance with NFPA 70 430.52(C)(6), and where a contactor is added to it the assembly shall be listed as a Type F combination motor controller.
+
+### A self-protected combination controller shall be furnished with the line-side terminal kit or adapter the listing requires for the field wiring spacings of a branch-circuit device, and the short-circuit current rating marked on the starter shall be the rating established with that kit installed.
+
+### A manual motor protector listed as Type E provides the disconnecting means, the short-circuit trip, and the overload relay in one device, with a manual reset and no contactor; a contactor added to it makes a Type F combination, which is a combination starter whose branch-circuit protective device is the manual motor protector. The Type E listing depends on the line-side terminal kit, because the device alone does not have the spacings NFPA 70 requires of a branch-circuit device. {note}
+
+### A self-protected combination controller shall be applied only within the horsepower and voltage range for which it is listed as Type E, and the schedule shall not assign it to a motor above that range.
+
+## Combination Coordination Type {toc}
+
+### The coordination type of each combination starter shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Branch-Circuit Protective Device Type
+label: Combination Coordination Type
type: radio
options:
− - Inverse-time (thermal-magnetic) circuit breaker
− - Instantaneous-trip (MCP) circuit breaker
− - Dual-element time-delay fuse
− - Non-time-delay fuse
−default: Inverse-time (thermal-magnetic) circuit breaker
+ - "Type 1"
+ - "Type 2"
```
−## Overload Relay {toc}
+### Under UL 60947-4-1, a Type 1 coordinated combination survives a short circuit without hazard to persons or to the installation but may need its contactor or overload relay replaced before it is returned to service; a Type 2 coordinated combination is tested so that the contactor and overload relay remain serviceable after the fault, with light contact welding that can be separated permitted. Type 2 coordination is reached by pairing a specific protective device with a specific contactor and overload relay, and is used where the time to return a motor to service after a fault matters more than the cost of the tested pairing. Every manufacturer publishes coordination types for its IEC-rated combinations and some publish them for NEMA-rated combinations, so a Type 2 selection is met only by a combination for which the manufacturer has published that type. {note}
−### A motor-overload relay shall be provided for running overload protection in accordance with NEC 430.32.
+### The coordination type shall be established by a tested combination published by the manufacturer, and the tested pairing shall be identified in the product data.
−### The overload relay shall have one pole per ungrounded conductor; three-phase motors shall be protected by a three-pole overload relay.
+## Disconnect Operation and Lockout {toc}
−### The overload relay shall be set from the motor nameplate full-load amperes (FLA) per NEC 430.6(A)(2), not from the NEC table FLC value; using the table value is one of the most common inspection failures. {note}
+### The disconnecting means of each combination starter shall open every ungrounded conductor of the branch circuit at once, in accordance with NFPA 70 430.103, and shall be operable from outside the closed enclosure door by a handle that indicates the open and closed positions.
−### For motors with a service factor of 1.15 or greater or a marked temperature rise of 40°C or less, the overload relay shall be set at 115% of nameplate FLA per NEC 430.32.
+### The operating handle shall be capable of being padlocked in the open position by not fewer than three padlocks, with the padlocking provision remaining in place whether or not a lock is installed, in accordance with NFPA 70 110.25 and OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147.
−### For all other motors, the overload relay shall be set at 125% of nameplate FLA per NEC 430.32.
+### The enclosure door shall be interlocked with the disconnecting means so that the door cannot be opened with the disconnect closed and the disconnect cannot be closed with the door open, with a tool-operable defeat for authorized testing by qualified persons.
−### Electronic (solid-state) overload relays are preferred for high-cycle duty and for Class 20/30 adjustability, and provide field-adjustable trip via a front-mounted dial. {note}
+### The disconnecting means of a combination starter serves as the controller disconnect NFPA 70 430.102(A) requires; where the starter is not within sight of the motor and the driven machinery, the disconnecting means at the motor that NFPA 70 430.102(B) requires shall be furnished under [[sync/enclosed-switches-and-disconnects]] unless the exception to 430.102(B) applies to the installation.
−### Electronic overload relays with integral phase-loss protection shall be provided for critical three-phase motors, because bimetallic relays do not detect single-phasing until the surviving phases overload.
+# Overload Protection {toc}
+## Overload Relay Type {toc}
+
+### Each starter shall include a motor overload relay providing running overload protection in accordance with NFPA 70 430.32, of the type indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Overload Relay Type
−type: radio
+type: select
options:
− - Electronic (solid-state), adjustable
− - Bimetallic thermal
− - Manual motor protector integral trip
−default: Electronic (solid-state), adjustable
+ - "Electronic"
+ - "Bimetallic thermal"
+ - "Eutectic melting-alloy thermal"
+default: "Electronic"
```
−### The overload relay trip class shall be Class 20 for general-purpose motors, Class 10 for submersible pumps and motors with short thermal time constants, and Class 30 for high-inertia loads such as large fans and centrifuges.
+### An electronic overload relay measures the motor current directly and adds phase loss, phase unbalance, and ground-fault sensing, a selectable trip class, and a communications interface where one is furnished, and its trip point is set on a dial across a wide range, which is why it has become the relay the starters are built with; a bimetallic relay trips on the heat of a heater element and is adjustable within a narrower range; a melting-alloy relay trips when its solder pot melts and is set by the heater installed, with no adjustment and no additional protection, and it is the relay with the fewest parts to fail. {note}
−### Defaulting to Class 20 on a submersible pump motor (which needs Class 10) causes nuisance trips at startup, while Class 30 on a standard fan motor delays fault protection; the trip class shall be matched to the load.
+### The overload relay shall have one overload element in each ungrounded conductor as NFPA 70 Table 430.37 requires for the motor served, so that a three-phase motor is protected by a three-element relay.
+### Where an electronic overload relay is selected, the protective functions furnished shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
+label: Electronic Overload Relay Protective Functions
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Phase loss"
+ - "Phase unbalance"
+ - "Phase reversal"
+ - "Ground fault"
+ - "Jam or stall"
+ - "Underload"
+ - "Thermal memory through a loss of control power"
+default:
+ - "Phase loss"
+ - "Phase unbalance"
+```
+
+### A bimetallic or melting-alloy relay detects a lost phase only after the surviving phases have overloaded, so a motor driven on two phases runs hot for the length of the trip class before the relay opens; an electronic relay's phase-loss function trips in seconds. Underload protection is what detects a pump that has lost its prime or a belt that has broken, and jam protection is what stops a conveyor before its motor stalls. {note}
+
+## Overload Relay Trip Class {toc}
+
+### The overload relay trip class shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
label: Overload Relay Trip Class
−type: radio
+type: range
options:
− - Class 10 (submersible pumps, short thermal constant)
− - Class 20 (standard / general-purpose)
− - Class 30 (high-inertia loads)
−default: Class 20 (standard / general-purpose)
+ min: 5
+ max: 30
+ setpoints: [5, 10, 15, 20, 30]
+default: 20
```
−### For IEC-frame combination controllers, the short-circuit coordination type shall be declared on the submittal.
+### Where a different trip class is indicated for a starter on [[drawing: the motor and starter schedule]], that class shall govern for that starter.
−### Type 2 coordination (no damage to the contactor or overload relay after a short-circuit test) shall be specified for process and other critical applications.
+### The trip class is the number of seconds within which the relay trips at 600 percent of its setting; Class 20 is the class NEMA ICS 2 establishes for general-purpose motors, Class 10 protects a motor that reaches temperature quickly, such as a submersible pump motor, Class 30 rides through the long start of a high-inertia load that a lower class would trip on, and Class 5 protects a motor rated for a very short locked-rotor time. {note}
−### Type 1 coordination shall be permitted only for non-critical duty.
+### Where a bimetallic or melting-alloy relay is selected, the relay or heater furnished shall be of the trip class indicated for the starter, because the class of those relays is fixed by the device rather than adjustable on it.
+## Overload Relay Setting {toc}
+
+### Each overload relay shall be selected and set from the nameplate full-load current of the motor actually furnished, in accordance with NFPA 70 430.6(A)(2), and not from the full-load current tables of NFPA 70 Article 430.
+
+### The overload relay shall be set at not more than 125 percent of the motor nameplate full-load current for a motor with a marked service factor of 1.15 or greater or a marked temperature rise of 40 °C or less, and at not more than 115 percent of the nameplate full-load current for every other motor, in accordance with NFPA 70 430.32(A)(1).
+
+### Where the setting NFPA 70 430.32(A)(1) permits does not carry the motor through its start, the setting may be raised within the limits NFPA 70 430.32(C) permits, and the setting used shall be stated in the action submittals.
+
+### The as-set value of every overload relay shall be recorded in the closeout submittals against the motor nameplate value it was derived from.
+
+## Overload Reset {toc}
+
+### The overload reset arrangement shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: IEC Coordination Type
+label: Overload Reset Arrangement
type: radio
options:
− - Not applicable (NEMA frame)
− - Type 1 (some damage permissible, non-critical)
− - Type 2 (no damage, process/critical)
−default: Not applicable (NEMA frame)
+ - "Manual reset at the enclosure door"
+ - "Manual reset at the enclosure door with a remote electrical reset input"
+ - "Automatic reset"
+default: "Manual reset at the enclosure door"
```
−# Disconnecting Means {toc}
+### A manual reset brings a person to the starter after every trip, which is when the cause of the trip is found; a remote reset lets an operator restore a motor from the control system after the cause is known; an automatic reset restores the relay when it cools, which on a starter with two-wire control restarts the motor without anyone present. {note}
−## Each combination starter shall include a disconnecting means rated for the motor in accordance with NEC 430.101 through 430.113.
+### Automatic reset shall not be furnished on a starter whose automatic restart could result in injury to persons, in accordance with NFPA 70 430.43.
−## The disconnecting means shall be capable of being locked in the open position with a provision that remains in place with or without the lock installed.
+### The manual reset shall be operable from the front of the closed enclosure door without exposing energized parts.
−## The enclosure door shall be mechanically interlocked with the disconnecting means so the door cannot be opened with the disconnect closed, except by a defeatable interlock for qualified persons.
+# Manual Motor Starters {toc}
−## A manual motor protector used as both disconnect and short-circuit protection shall satisfy the disconnecting-means requirements of NEC Article 430 for the motor it serves. {note}
+## Where a manual motor starter is indicated for a motor on the schedule, it shall consist of a hand-operated contact mechanism and an overload relay in one enclosure, listed as a manual motor controller, horsepower rated for the motor served, and rated for the voltage of the branch circuit.
−# Control Power and Accessories {toc}
+## A manual motor starter has no coil to drop out on loss of voltage, so the motor restarts when voltage returns, and it cannot be started or stopped from a remote point; it is applied where both of those properties are acceptable for the driven load, and it is the smallest and least expensive controller a motor can have. {note}
−## Control Power {toc}
+## A manual motor starter that is not listed as a self-protected combination controller carries no branch-circuit short-circuit protection of its own; the device in the panelboard that feeds the branch circuit, furnished under [[sync/panelboards]], is the branch-circuit protective device, and the manual starter is not a combination starter. {note}
−### Control power shall be 120 V AC, 60 Hz derived from an integral control power transformer (CPT) unless an external control voltage is indicated.
+## The overload relay of a manual motor starter shall comply with the Overload Protection article of this standard.
+## Where a manual motor starter serves as the disconnecting means at the motor that NFPA 70 430.102(B) requires, it shall be listed and marked "Suitable as Motor Disconnect" in accordance with NFPA 70 430.109(A)(6), and its handle shall be capable of being padlocked in the off position.
+
+## Where a manual motor starter is indicated for a motor whose automatic restart on return of voltage could result in injury to persons, the Contractor shall report the conflict to the Engineer of Record before the starter is ordered, and a combination starter with three-wire control shall be furnished in its place where the Engineer of Record so directs.
+
+## A manual motor starter shall be furnished with a pilot light and with an auxiliary contact where the schedule indicates remote status indication for the motor served.
+
+# Control Power and Circuits {toc}
+
+## Control Voltage {toc}
+
+### The control voltage of each combination starter shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Control Voltage
−type: radio
+type: select
options:
− - 120 V AC via integral CPT
− - 24 V DC (external, BAS-supplied)
− - Line voltage (no control transformer)
−default: 120 V AC via integral CPT
+ - "120 V AC from a control power transformer in the starter"
+ - "24 V AC from a control power transformer in the starter"
+ - "120 V AC from an external source"
+ - "24 V DC from an external source"
+ - "Line voltage without a transformer"
+default: "120 V AC from a control power transformer in the starter"
```
−### The integral CPT shall be sized at not less than the inrush plus sealed VA of the connected control devices.
+### A transformer in the starter keeps every starter self-contained, so that it can be tested and exchanged without a common control source and its pilot devices are at a voltage a control circuit conductor is rated for; an external control source removes the transformer and its heat from every starter, at the cost of a second source that must be disconnected before the starter is worked on. A 24 V DC control source is the arrangement used where the starter's control circuit interfaces directly with a programmable controller's field wiring, and a line-voltage control circuit is the arrangement a small starter uses where no pilot device is touched by an operator. {note}
+### The contactor coil shall be rated for the control voltage selected, and a control input from the building automation or process control system at a different voltage shall be applied through an interposing relay furnished in the starter.
+
+### The control power transformer rating shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Control Power Transformer (CPT) VA Rating
−type: select
+label: Control Power Transformer Rating
+type: range
+unit: VA
+derived: "the contactor coil inrush and sealed volt-amperes, the pilot devices and interposing relays furnished in the starter, and the external control load stated on the control diagrams"
options:
− - None (line-voltage or external control)
− - 100 VA
− - 250 VA
− - 500 VA
− - 750 VA
− - 1000 VA
−default: 500 VA
+ min: 50
+ max: 1000
+ setpoints: [50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 500, 750, 1000]
+default: derived
```
−### 500 VA is the typical default CPT size for a single starter with pilot devices. {note}
+### The transformer is sized so that its regulation under the coil inrush does not let the contactor chatter, and then for the sealed load of everything connected to its secondary, which is why its rating follows from the devices furnished rather than from a preference; the manufacturer sizes it from the bill of material and states the rating in the product data. {note}
−### A control power transformer shall be furnished whenever control wiring extends beyond the equipment enclosure or a 120 V control circuit is required by the system integrator or BAS contractor.
+### Where a control power transformer is furnished, its primary and secondary shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 70 430.72, with one secondary conductor grounded and the fuse in the ungrounded secondary conductor.
−### Omitting the CPT from the initial pricing scope is a routine source of RFIs on projects with BAS or remote control requirements. {note}
+### Where the control circuit is fed from an external source, the control circuit shall be opened by an auxiliary contact of the starter disconnecting means, or the external source shall be identified at the starter as the Identification article requires.
−### The contactor coil voltage shall match the control power source.
+## Control Circuit Arrangement {toc}
−### A 24 V DC BAS output driving a 120 V AC coil without an interposing relay will damage the BAS output; this configuration shall not be applied.
+### Where one conductor of the control circuit is grounded, the control circuit shall be arranged so that a ground fault in the control circuit wiring neither starts the motor nor bypasses a manually operated shutdown device, in accordance with NFPA 70 430.74.
−### Verify coil voltage compatibility before ordering; a coil voltage mismatch is a common source of equipment damage that is difficult to remedy in the field. {note}
+### A maintained-contact hand position and an automatic input from a remote system are two-wire control: the contactor follows the contact, and the motor restarts when voltage returns after an outage. Momentary start and stop pushbuttons with a holding contact are three-wire control: the contactor drops out on loss of voltage and stays out until the start button is pressed again. Which arrangement a starter has follows from the door devices and remote interfaces selected in this standard. {note}
−## Accessories {toc}
+### Control wiring within the starter shall be stranded copper, not smaller than 16 AWG, rated 600 V, and shall be terminated on terminal blocks where it interfaces with field wiring.
−### Door-mounted and internal accessories shall be furnished as scheduled and shall be factory-installed and pre-wired to a terminal block where they interface with field wiring.
+### Every terminal block shall be permanently marked with the conductor designations shown on the control diagrams, and every field wiring terminal shall be reachable without exposing energized power conductors when the disconnecting means is open.
−### A Hand-Off-Auto (HOA) selector switch shall be furnished where the motor is controlled by both a local hand position and an automatic (BAS/PLC) signal.
+# Pilot Devices and Interfaces {toc}
−### Auxiliary contacts for run status and fault status shall be furnished and wired to a terminal block for connection to the building automation system or PLC where remote monitoring is indicated.
+## Door-Mounted Devices {toc}
+### Each combination starter shall be furnished with the door-mounted devices indicated in the datasheet, listed to NEMA ICS 5 and rated for the enclosure type selected.
+
```datasheet
−label: Door-Mounted and Internal Accessories
+label: Door-Mounted Devices
type: checkbox
options:
− - Hand-Off-Auto (HOA) selector switch
− - Run pilot light
− - Fault/trip pilot light
− - Auxiliary contacts (status to BAS/PLC)
− - Control circuit fuse
− - Shunt trip
− - Under-voltage release
− - Phase-failure / phase-unbalance relay
+ - "Hand-off-automatic selector switch"
+ - "Start and stop pushbuttons"
+ - "Run pilot light"
+ - "Stopped pilot light"
+ - "Overload trip pilot light"
+ - "Overload reset button"
+ - "Elapsed time meter"
+ - "Ammeter"
+ - "Emergency stop pushbutton"
default:
− - Hand-Off-Auto (HOA) selector switch
− - Run pilot light
− - Auxiliary contacts (status to BAS/PLC)
− - Control circuit fuse
+ - "Hand-off-automatic selector switch"
+ - "Run pilot light"
+ - "Overload reset button"
```
−### A phase-failure or phase-unbalance relay shall be specified for three-phase motors serving critical loads where the overload relay does not provide integral phase-loss protection.
+### Where different door-mounted devices are indicated for a starter on [[drawing: the motor and starter schedule]], those devices shall be furnished on that starter in place of the datasheet selection.
−### Pilot light type shall be specified in the motor-starter schedule.
+### The run pilot light color shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
+label: Run Pilot Light Color
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Red"
+ - "Green"
+```
+
+### Two conventions are in use and each is coherent on its own terms: one uses red for running because a running motor is the energized and hazardous state, and green for stopped; the other uses green for running and red for stopped or tripped, following the traffic convention. The colors need to match the convention already used in the facility and in the control system graphics, which is why the field asserts no default. {note}
+
+### The pilot light type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
label: Pilot Light Type
type: radio
options:
− - LED, push-to-test
− - LED, standard
− - Incandescent / transformer type
−default: LED, push-to-test
+ - "LED, push-to-test"
+ - "LED, standard"
+ - "Incandescent, transformer type"
+default: "LED, push-to-test"
```
−### LED pilot lights are preferred over incandescent for longevity and lower heat dissipation inside the enclosure. {note}
+### An LED pilot light draws a fraction of the current of an incandescent lamp, adds little heat to the enclosure, and outlasts the contactor it indicates for, which is why new starters are built with it and why the datasheet defaults to it; an incandescent transformer-type lamp is furnished where the Owner's spare lamp stock or a matching existing installation calls for it, at the cost of a lamp replacement interval and the heat the lamp adds. A push-to-test light lets an operator confirm the lamp before trusting an indication. {note}
−# Enclosure and Nameplates {toc}
+## Remote Interfaces {toc}
−## Enclosures shall comply with NEMA ICS 6 for the specified type and shall protect the enclosed equipment against the environmental conditions at the installed location.
+### Each combination starter shall be furnished with the remote interface provisions indicated in the datasheet, wired to terminal blocks for connection to the building automation or process control system.
−## Each starter enclosure shall bear a permanent, engraved nameplate identifying the motor served, the equipment tag, the voltage, and the source panel and circuit.
+```datasheet
+label: Remote Interface Provisions
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Run status contact"
+ - "Overload trip status contact"
+ - "Remote start-stop input through the automatic position of the selector switch"
+ - "Remote overload reset input"
+ - "Motor current signal"
+default:
+ - "Run status contact"
+ - "Remote start-stop input through the automatic position of the selector switch"
+```
−## Conduit and cable entries shall be located to preserve the enclosure rating; field-drilled entries on NEMA 4X enclosures shall use listed, rated fittings that maintain the enclosure type. {note}
+### The run status contact shall be an auxiliary contact of the contactor itself, so that it reports the contactor's actual state rather than the state of the control circuit that commands it.
−## Each starter shall bear an arc-flash warning label in accordance with NEC 110.16 and NFPA 70E, referencing the incident energy from the project short-circuit and arc-flash study. {note}
+### The communications protocol of any network interface furnished in the starter shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−### The Contractor shall install an arc-flash and equipment label on each starter consistent with the project arc-flash study before energization.
+```datasheet
+label: Communications Protocol
+type: select
+options:
+ - "No network"
+ - "Modbus RTU"
+ - "Modbus TCP"
+ - "EtherNet/IP"
+ - "PROFINET"
+ - "PROFIBUS DP"
+ - "DeviceNet"
+ - "BACnet/IP"
+ - "BACnet MS/TP"
+default: "No network"
+```
−# Testing {toc}
+### An individually enclosed starter reports through its hard-wired contacts on most projects, which is why the field defaults to no network; where a network is selected, the protocol has to match the system the starter reports to, with a starter serving building mechanical equipment reporting to the building automation system under [[sync/building-automation-system]] and one serving process equipment reporting to the control system under [[sync/process-control-networks]]. {note}
−## Factory Testing {toc}
+### Where a network interface is furnished, it shall be a function of the electronic overload relay or a network module installed in the starter by the manufacturer, and it shall report at least the run status, the overload trip status, and the motor current, with the point list coordinated with the system it reports to.
−### Factory-assembled combination panels shall be tested per UL 508A, including dielectric (hi-pot) withstand, overload relay calibration, and control circuit continuity, prior to shipment.
+## Additional Protective and Control Devices {toc}
−## Field Testing {toc}
+### Each combination starter shall be furnished with the additional devices indicated in the datasheet, factory-installed and wired.
−### The Contractor shall perform an insulation resistance (megger) test on each starter power circuit and record the results before energization.
+```datasheet
+label: Additional Protective and Control Devices
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Phase loss, phase reversal, and phase unbalance monitoring relay"
+ - "Control circuit undervoltage release"
+ - "Shunt trip on the disconnecting means"
+ - "Adjustable restart time delay after return of voltage"
+ - "Surge suppressor across the contactor coil"
+ - "Interposing relay for a remote control input at another voltage"
+```
−### The Contractor shall verify the overload relay trip-current setting against the motor nameplate FLA and record the as-set value.
+### A phase monitoring relay is the device that gives a bimetallic or melting-alloy relay the phase-loss protection an electronic relay has built in, and it adds phase reversal detection, which no overload relay provides, for a motor whose direction matters; a restart time delay staggers the restart of several motors when voltage returns so that their combined inrush does not trip the feeder; a coil surge suppressor protects a programmable controller output that switches the coil directly. {note}
−### The Contractor shall perform an operational test of each starter through all control positions, including HOA logic, interlocks, and status feedback to the BAS or PLC.
+### Where a phase monitoring relay is furnished on a starter with an electronic overload relay that provides the same functions, the relay shall be wired so that either device stops the motor.
+# Enclosure {toc}
+
+## Enclosure Type {toc}
+
+### The enclosure type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Field Tests Required
+label: Enclosure Type per NEMA 250
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Type 1"
+ - "Type 12"
+ - "Type 3R"
+ - "Type 4"
+ - "Type 4X"
+ - "Type 7"
+ - "Type 9"
+default: "Type 1"
+```
+
+### A dry, conditioned interior space is the installed location on most projects, and a Type 1 enclosure is the construction rated for it, which is why the field defaults to it; every other location named in the clauses of this article calls for the type those clauses require. {note}
+
+### The enclosure shall comply with NEMA 250, NEMA ICS 6, and UL 50E for the type selected, and the type shall be marked on the enclosure.
+
+### A starter installed outdoors shall have an enclosure of Type 3R at minimum, and a Type 3R enclosure shall have a drip shield over the door and a drain at the bottom.
+
+### A starter installed where it is subject to hose-directed water or wash-down shall have an enclosure of Type 4 or Type 4X.
+
+### A starter installed where the atmosphere carries salt, chemical vapor, or another corrosive agent, including a coastal site, a wastewater facility, a chemical feed room, and a food-processing area, shall have a Type 4X enclosure.
+
+### A starter installed indoors where airborne dust, lint, or fibers accumulate, or where non-corrosive liquid drips or splashes, shall have an enclosure of Type 12, Type 4, or Type 4X.
+
+### A starter installed in a location classified under NFPA 70 Article 500 shall have an enclosure listed for the class, division, and group of that location, Type 7 for a Class I location and Type 9 for a Class II location, and the door-mounted devices shall be listed for the same classification.
+
+### Where a rating higher than the datasheet selection is required by the clauses of this article for the installed location, the higher rating shall be furnished and the conflict reported to the Engineer of Record before the starter is released for manufacture.
+
+## Enclosure Material and Finish {toc}
+
+### The enclosure material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Enclosure Material
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Painted steel"
+ - "Type 304 stainless steel"
+ - "Type 316 stainless steel"
+ - "Non-metallic"
+default: "Painted steel"
+```
+
+### Painted steel serves every type in a non-corrosive exposure and is the material the starters are built in, which is why the field defaults to it; stainless steel and non-metallic enclosures are what a Type 4X rating is built in, with Type 316 holding up where chlorides are present and a non-metallic enclosure holding up where the corrodent attacks stainless steel. {note}
+
+### Where the datasheet selects a Type 4X enclosure, the enclosure material shall be one for which the Type 4X rating is listed.
+
+### The finish of a painted steel enclosure shall be the manufacturer's standard finish system, and the manufacturer shall state the finish system and its color in the product data.
+
+### Conduit and cable entries shall be made only through the areas the manufacturer designates, and a field-made entry in a Type 3R, Type 4, Type 4X, Type 7, Type 9, or Type 12 enclosure shall use a fitting listed to maintain the enclosure type.
+
+## Condensation Control {toc}
+
+### The space heater provision for the enclosure shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Enclosure Space Heater
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "No space heater"
+ - "Space heater with thermostat"
+ - "Space heater with thermostat and humidistat"
+```
+
+### A starter that stands idle in an unconditioned space cycles through the dew point with every cold night, and the condensation that forms on the contactor, the overload relay, and the terminal blocks is the mechanism behind most failures on the first start after a long idle period. {note}
+
+### Where the starter is installed outdoors or in a space that is not conditioned, a space heater shall be furnished unless the datasheet selects no space heater.
+
+### A space heater shall be supplied from the line side of the starter disconnecting means through its own fused tap, or from a separate source, so that it operates while the starter is de-energized, and its source shall be identified at the starter as the Identification article requires.
+
+## Mounting Arrangement {toc}
+
+### The mounting arrangement of each starter shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Mounting Arrangement
+type: radio
+drawing_ref: "the electrical plans"
+options:
+ - "Wall mounted"
+ - "Floor standing"
+ - "Mounted on a freestanding rack or strut frame"
+default: deferred
+```
+
+### A starter shall be wall mounted only where its frame is within the manufacturer's published wall-mount limit, and every larger frame shall be floor standing.
+
+# Identification {toc}
+
+## Each starter shall carry a nameplate on the enclosure door, complying with [[sync/equipment-labeling]] for material, lettering, and attachment, stating the starter designation, the motor served, the voltage, the horsepower, and the source panelboard and circuit that feed it.
+
+## The starter designation on the nameplate shall match the designation on the motor and starter schedule, on the disconnecting means at the motor, and on the motor itself.
+
+## A designation that differs between the starter, the schedule, and the motor is the most common cause of a lockout applied to the wrong starter, which is why the three are required to agree. {note}
+
+## The short-circuit current rating marked by the manufacturer shall remain legible on the enclosure after installation.
+
+## Arc-flash warning labels shall be applied to each starter in accordance with NFPA 70 110.16 and NFPA 70E, with the values taken from the study performed under [[sync/arc-flash-study]], and placed so that the label is read before the door is opened.
+
+## Where a starter, its control circuit, or its space heater is energized from more than one source, the marking NFPA 70 430.113 requires, identifying every source to be disconnected, shall be applied at the disconnecting means.
+
+# Testing {toc}
+
+## Factory Tests {toc}
+
+### The manufacturer shall perform the production tests of its listing on each starter before shipment, including a dielectric withstand test, a continuity check of the control circuit against the control diagram, and a mechanical operation check of the disconnecting means and the door interlock, and shall furnish the results on request.
+
+## Field Acceptance Tests {toc}
+
+### Field acceptance testing shall be performed on each starter after installation is complete and before the motor is energized, in accordance with ANSI/NETA ATS and [[sync/electrical-acceptance-testing]], and shall include the tests indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Field Acceptance Tests
type: checkbox
options:
− - Insulation resistance (megger) of power circuit
− - Overload trip-current setting verification
− - Operational test through all control positions
− - BAS/PLC status feedback verification
+ - "Visual and mechanical inspection including anchorage, nameplate, and clearances"
+ - "Bolted connection torque verification against the manufacturer's values"
+ - "Insulation resistance of the power circuit, phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground"
+ - "Disconnecting means and door interlock operation"
+ - "Overload relay setting verification against the motor nameplate"
+ - "Overload relay trip test by primary or secondary current injection"
+ - "Instantaneous-trip setting verification"
+ - "Control circuit functional test through every selector switch position and pushbutton"
+ - "Remote interface and network point verification"
+ - "Motor rotation verification"
default:
− - Insulation resistance (megger) of power circuit
− - Overload trip-current setting verification
− - Operational test through all control positions
+ - "Visual and mechanical inspection including anchorage, nameplate, and clearances"
+ - "Bolted connection torque verification against the manufacturer's values"
+ - "Insulation resistance of the power circuit, phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground"
+ - "Disconnecting means and door interlock operation"
+ - "Overload relay setting verification against the motor nameplate"
+ - "Control circuit functional test through every selector switch position and pushbutton"
+ - "Remote interface and network point verification"
+ - "Motor rotation verification"
```
+### The overload relay trip test shall be performed by primary current injection at one point on the relay's published trip curve, or by secondary injection where the relay accepts it, and a relay whose measured trip time falls outside the manufacturer's published tolerance shall be replaced.
+
+### Motor rotation shall be verified with the driven equipment uncoupled, or coupled where the driven equipment manufacturer permits a momentary reverse start, and the phase connection at the starter shall be corrected where the rotation is wrong.
+
+### A starter that fails a field acceptance test shall not be placed in service, the Contractor shall report the failure to the Engineer of Record within one working day with the measured values, and the cost of the correction and of every repeated test shall be borne by the Contractor.
+
# Installation {toc}
−## Starters shall be installed plumb, level, and securely mounted to a structural surface or rack at a height that places the operating handle within the reach limits of NEC 404.8 and 430.107.
+## Placement and Working Space {toc}
−## Starters serving HVAC and plumbing equipment shall be coordinated with the equipment locations served, including water-source heat pump and packaged-unit motors where applicable.
+### Each starter shall be installed plumb and level, and secured to the structure or to a rack or strut frame that carries its weight without deflection.
−## Conductor terminations shall be torqued to the manufacturer's published values, and the torque shall be recorded.
+### The center of the grip of the operating handle in its highest position shall be not more than 2.0 m (6 ft 7 in.) above the floor or working platform, in accordance with NFPA 70 404.8(A), and the disconnecting means shall be readily accessible in accordance with NFPA 70 430.107.
−## Working clearances in front of and around each starter shall comply with NEC 110.26 and shall not be obstructed by piping, ductwork, or other equipment.
+### Working space in front of each starter shall comply with NFPA 70 110.26 for the voltage of the branch circuit, the door swing shall not reduce that space, and the space shall not be used for storage.
−## Where the starter serves a motor on a water-source heat pump or a packaged HVAC unit, coordinate the disconnect location and control interface per the equipment standard, such as [[sync/water-source-heat-pumps]]. {note}
+### A floor-standing starter shall be set on a concrete housekeeping pad extending not less than 3 in. beyond the enclosure on every side and not less than 4 in. above the finished floor indoors or 6 in. above finished grade outdoors.
−## Equipment grounding conductors shall be terminated to the enclosure ground bus or lug, and the enclosure shall be bonded in accordance with NEC Article 250.
+### Where the datasheet requires seismic certification, each starter shall be anchored at the manufacturer's anchor points with anchors sized for the seismic loads applicable to the installation, in accordance with the certification.
+## Conductor Termination {toc}
+
+### Branch-circuit conductors shall be sized and installed under [[sync/conductors-and-cables]] and shall be terminated on the lugs furnished with the starter, and where field-furnished lugs are used they shall be listed for the conductor material and size.
+
+### Every power termination shall be torqued to the manufacturer's published value with a calibrated torque tool, and the value shall be recorded on the field test report.
+
+### Raceways serving the starter shall comply with [[sync/raceways-and-conduit]] and shall enter the enclosure only through the areas the manufacturer designates for entry.
+
+### Field control conductors shall be landed on the terminal blocks furnished in the starter, labeled to match the conductor designations on the control diagrams, and routed separately from the power conductors within the enclosure.
+
+## Grounding and Bonding {toc}
+
+### The enclosure shall be bonded to the equipment grounding conductor of the branch circuit in accordance with NFPA 70 Article 250 and [[sync/grounding-and-bonding]], and the equipment grounding conductor to the motor shall be terminated on the ground lug or bus furnished in the starter.
+
+## Energization {toc}
+
+### Before energization, the Contractor shall remove every shipping brace, blocking, and packaging material from the enclosure, shall install the fuses where a fusible starter is furnished, and shall confirm that the overload relay and every adjustable device are set to the reviewed settings.
+
+### Before energization, the Contractor shall confirm the motor nameplate full-load current against the value the overload relay setting was derived from, and shall not energize a starter whose setting was derived from a different value.
+
+### The starter shall be energized with the motor disconnected or the driven equipment uncoupled where the field acceptance tests require it, and the motor shall be connected only after the control circuit has been proven through every position.
+
# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
−## Starters shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original packaging, clearly labeled with the equipment tag and destination.
+## Each starter shall be delivered in the manufacturer's packaging with the listing marks and the nameplate intact, labeled with its starter designation, and shall be inspected for shipping damage at receipt.
−## Starters shall be stored indoors in a clean, dry, temperature-controlled space and protected from construction dust, moisture, and physical damage until installed.
+## Starters shall be stored indoors in a clean, dry space where the temperature is held above the dew point, and where indoor storage is not available they shall be stored in weatherproof packaging with the enclosure protected from condensation, precipitation, dust, and physical damage.
−## Enclosures shall not be used as a support or work surface during construction, and openings shall remain sealed until conduit and cable are installed.
+## Where a starter will stand more than 30 days in an unconditioned space before energization, its space heater, where furnished, shall be energized from a temporary source, or the enclosure shall otherwise be protected from condensation.
+## Enclosures shall not be used as a support or a work surface during construction, and every opening shall remain sealed until the raceway or cable serving it is installed.
+
+## A starter damaged in transit, in storage, or in handling shall be repaired or replaced as the manufacturer directs and as the Engineer of Record accepts in writing.
+
# Warranty {toc}
−## The manufacturer shall warrant each starter against defects in materials and workmanship for a minimum of 18 months from shipment or 12 months from energization, whichever occurs first, unless a longer period is specified.
+## The manufacturer shall warrant each starter against defects in materials and workmanship for the period indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
label: Warranty Period
+type: range
+unit: years
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 5
+ setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5]
+```
+
+## Where no warranty period is selected in the datasheet, the manufacturer's standard warranty period for the starter shall apply, and its term shall be stated in the product data.
+
+## The warranty period shall commence on the date indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Warranty Commencement
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Date of substantial completion"
+ - "Date of energization"
+ - "Date of shipment"
+```
+
+## Warranty commencement at shipment is the manufacturer's usual term, and it consumes the warranty during storage and construction; commencement at energization or substantial completion moves the coverage to the period the Owner is operating the equipment, and the manufacturer prices the added months into the starter. {note}
+
+## The warranty coverage scope shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Warranty Coverage Scope
type: radio
options:
− - 12 months from energization
− - 18 months from shipment
− - 24 months from energization
− - 36 months from energization
−default: 18 months from shipment
+ - "Parts only"
+ - "Parts and labor"
```
−## The Contractor shall warrant the installation, including terminations and field settings, for a minimum of one year from Substantial Completion.
+## The Contractor shall warrant the installation, including every termination, the anchorage, the grounding, and the field settings, for the project warranty period.
−# Spare Parts {toc}
+## A device replaced under warranty shall be warranted for the remainder of the original period or for one year from the date of replacement, whichever ends later.
−## The Contractor shall furnish spare parts as scheduled, consistent with the project frame standard to avoid stocking incompatible NEMA and IEC components.
+## A warranty repair shall include the replacement device, its installation where labor is covered, and the retest of the affected starter.
−### The Contractor shall furnish the following spare parts to the Owner at closeout:
−- One spare contactor coil for each contactor size used on the project.
−- One spare overload relay for each trip class and frame size used.
−- One spare set of control fuses for each fuse rating used.
−- One spare set of auxiliary contacts for each contactor size used.
+# Spare Parts {toc}
+## The Contractor shall deliver the spare parts indicated in the datasheet to the Owner before the starters are accepted, and shall obtain a signed receipt for them.
+
```datasheet
−label: Spare Parts to Owner
+label: Spare Parts
type: checkbox
options:
− - Spare contactor coil (per size)
− - Spare overload relay (per class/frame)
− - Spare control fuses (per rating)
− - Spare auxiliary contact set (per size)
− - Spare pilot light lamps/LEDs
+ - "One spare contactor coil of each voltage and size installed"
+ - "One spare overload relay of each range or heater rating installed"
+ - "One set of fuses of each class and rating installed"
+ - "One set of control power transformer fuses of each rating installed"
+ - "One set of pilot lights and lenses of each type installed"
+ - "One set of pushbutton and selector switch operators of each type installed"
+ - "One spare auxiliary contact block of each type installed"
default:
− - Spare contactor coil (per size)
− - Spare overload relay (per class/frame)
− - Spare control fuses (per rating)
+ - "One spare overload relay of each range or heater rating installed"
+ - "One set of fuses of each class and rating installed"
+ - "One set of control power transformer fuses of each rating installed"
+ - "One set of pilot lights and lenses of each type installed"
```
+
+## Spare parts shall be of the same manufacturer and rating as the installed items, shall be delivered in their original packaging, and shall be labeled with the starter designation or the device rating they serve.