Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
---
title: Concrete Formwork and Accessories
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description: >
When to use: Temporary cast-in-place concrete formwork systems and accessories on
− commercial, institutional, industrial, and infrastructure projects -- wall, column,
+ commercial, institutional, industrial, and infrastructure projects — wall, column,
beam, slab-soffit, foundation, and architectural concrete forms; form ties and
hardware; chamfer, rustication, and form liners; release agents; void forms; and
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### The Contractor shall furnish, erect, brace, and maintain all shoring and reshoring required to support formwork and freshly placed concrete until the concrete attains the strength required for form and shore removal.
−### The Contractor shall furnish all embedded forming accessories -- chamfer strips, rustication strips, form liners, edge forms, blockouts, and void forms -- shown or required.
+### The Contractor shall furnish all embedded forming accessories — chamfer strips, rustication strips, form liners, edge forms, blockouts, and void forms — shown or required.
### The Contractor shall apply form release agents and shall strip, clean, and remove formwork in the sequence required by this Standard.
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| ACI 301 | Specifications for Structural Concrete |
| ACI 318 | Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary |
−| OSHA 29 CFR 1926.700-1926.706 | Concrete and Masonry Construction (Subpart Q) -- mandatory federal safety floor; applies in full regardless of any less stringent provision elsewhere |
+| OSHA 29 CFR 1926.700-1926.706 | Concrete and Masonry Construction (Subpart Q) — mandatory federal safety floor; applies in full regardless of any less stringent provision elsewhere |
| OSHA 29 CFR 1926.703 | Requirements for Cast-in-Place Concrete |
| ASTM A36/A36M | Carbon Structural Steel |
| ASTM A615/A615M | Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement |
| PS 1 | Structural Plywood (APA Performance Standard) |
| ASTM D1554 | Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials |
−| IBC Chapter 19 | International Building Code -- Concrete |
+| IBC Chapter 19 | International Building Code — Concrete |
# Submittals {toc}
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options:
- Full hydrostatic (150 pcf x depth)
− - ACI 347R reduced pressure, wall, placement rate <= 7 ft/hr
+ - ACI 347R reduced pressure, wall, placement rate ≤ 7 ft/hr
- ACI 347R reduced pressure, column formula
−default: ACI 347R reduced pressure, wall, placement rate <= 7 ft/hr
+default: ACI 347R reduced pressure, wall, placement rate ≤ 7 ft/hr
```
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## Form ties shall be selected for the calculated tie load and for the tie-hole treatment the finished surface requires.
−### A form tie does two jobs at once -- it holds the two faces of a form against the concrete's lateral pressure, and it leaves a hole or recess in the finished concrete. Both jobs drive the selection, and the second is the one most often forgotten until it becomes an RFI. {note}
+### A form tie does two jobs at once — it holds the two faces of a form against the concrete's lateral pressure, and it leaves a hole or recess in the finished concrete. Both jobs drive the selection, and the second is the one most often forgotten until it becomes an RFI. {note}
### Form ties shall be selected so that the tie working load is not less than the lateral pressure multiplied by the tributary area served by each tie, with the manufacturer's rated working load governing.
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### Exposed external corners of formed concrete shall be chamfered unless square edges are specifically shown.
−### Chamfer and rustication strips shall be of a material that produces the required edge sharpness and that withstands the number of reuses planned -- wood for limited reuse, PVC or rubber for repeated reuse and crisp edges.
+### Chamfer and rustication strips shall be of a material that produces the required edge sharpness and that withstands the number of reuses planned — wood for limited reuse, PVC or rubber for repeated reuse and crisp edges.
```datasheet
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### Shored horizontal members shall not have their forms or shores removed until cylinders cured under field conditions, or an equivalent approved in-place test, demonstrate the concrete has reached the strength required by the structural engineer for the imposed loads, commonly 70% to 100% of the specified compressive strength depending on the load case.
−### Forms for vertical members that do not carry flexural load -- walls and columns -- may be removed earlier provided the concrete has attained sufficient strength to maintain its shape and surface without damage, commonly a minimum of 3,000 psi or 70% of the specified strength, and provided removal does not damage the concrete or expose it to damaging loads.
+### Forms for vertical members that do not carry flexural load — walls and columns — may be removed earlier provided the concrete has attained sufficient strength to maintain its shape and surface without damage, commonly a minimum of 3,000 psi or 70% of the specified strength, and provided removal does not damage the concrete or expose it to damaging loads.
### Time-based stripping criteria shall not be used for shored horizontal members unless they are backed by a project-specific field cure-and-break program that has demonstrated the strength gain assumed.
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## Formwork is a temporary structure and is not itself warranted; the warranty obligation attaches to the finished concrete it produces.
−### The Contractor shall be responsible for correcting concrete surface defects attributable to formwork -- including honeycomb, fins, offsets at joints, grout leakage staining, misaligned tie holes, and out-of-tolerance surfaces -- at no cost to the Owner.
+### The Contractor shall be responsible for correcting concrete surface defects attributable to formwork — including honeycomb, fins, offsets at joints, grout leakage staining, misaligned tie holes, and out-of-tolerance surfaces — at no cost to the Owner.
### Correction of architectural concrete defects shall restore the surface to the approved mockup standard, and patching that does not match the surrounding finish shall not be accepted.
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default: Not required
```