Control Valves and Actuators
P1 batch 3: knife gate valves, water storage tanks, water wells, cathodic protection and instrumentation cable now owned; bare-text mentions re-pointed to the new standards
Showing changes from Rev 6
to Rev 7
in Control Valves and Actuators.
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title: Control Valves and Actuators
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When to use: The automated final control element of a process control loop — modulating (throttling) control valves and the actuators and positioners that drive them — for industrial, process, and water/wastewater (WTP/WWTP) facilities. Covers globe, segmented-ball, eccentric-plug, and butterfly valves used for modulating control; pneumatic spring-diaphragm and piston actuators and electric actuators sized for continuous modulating duty; analog, HART, and digital/fieldbus valve positioners with diagnostics; and accessories (I/P transducers, solenoid valves, limit switches, position transmitters, volume boosters). Addresses valve sizing and flow-coefficient (Cv) selection per ANSI/ISA-75.01.01 / IEC 60534-2-1, inherent flow characteristic (linear, equal-percentage, quick-open), rangeability, choked flow, cavitation and flashing with anti-cavitation trim selection, predicted noise, fail-safe action (fail-open, fail-closed, fail-last), seat leakage class per ANSI/FCI 70-2, materials and trim, and stroke/calibration. Also covers electric (motorized) actuators on isolation valves (MOVs) where the actuator is the controls interface — open/close or modulate with position feedback to SCADA — because the actuator is I&C scope even when the valve body is an isolation valve.
− Not intended for: General isolation and service piping valves selected for tight shutoff rather than throttling control — manual or automated gate, globe-stop, check, plug, ball, and butterfly valves used for on-off isolation — and the body, end-connection, and material standards that govern those valves (AWWA C500/C504/C507/C508/C515 and similar, MSS SP series, and API 600/602/608/609). Those are piping valves and belong to a future Mechanical / Plumbing piping-valve standard, not this one; this standard addresses an isolation valve only through its electric actuator when that actuator is the SCADA-controlled final element. Also excludes: pressure-relief, safety, and pressure/vacuum vent valves; self-contained (non-powered) pressure- and temperature-regulating valves; pinch and diaphragm dosing valves for chemical metering; the controller that computes the loop output ([[sync/programmable-logic-controllers]]); the SCADA/HMI that supervises it ([[sync/scada-and-hmi-systems]]); the measuring instruments that close the loop ([[sync/process-instrumentation]], [[sync/flow-measurement]], [[sync/analytical-instrumentation]]); the control panel that houses the I/O ([[sync/industrial-control-panels]]); the field network that carries the signals ([[sync/process-control-networks]]); the instrument and signal wiring itself ([[sync/conductors-and-cables]]); and loop checkout, stroke testing, and tuning, which are performed under [[sync/control-systems-integration]].
+ Not intended for: General isolation and service piping valves selected for tight shutoff rather than throttling control — manual or automated gate, globe-stop, check, plug, ball, and butterfly valves used for on-off isolation — and the body, end-connection, and material standards that govern those valves (AWWA C500/C504/C507/C508/C515 and similar, MSS SP series, and API 600/602/608/609). Those are piping valves: AWWA isolation butterfly valves are covered by [[sync/butterfly-valves]], eccentric plug valves by [[sync/eccentric-plug-valves]], building-service valves by [[sync/hvac-piping-valves]] and [[sync/plumbing-piping-valves]], resilient-seated gate valves by [[sync/resilient-seated-gate-valves]], process check valves by [[sync/process-check-valves]], and air valves by [[sync/air-release-and-vacuum-valves]]; the electric, pneumatic, and hydraulic actuators on isolation valves and gates, with their position signals, are covered by [[sync/valve-and-gate-actuators]], and this standard addresses an actuator only where it throttles under a positioner. Also excludes: pressure-relief, safety, and pressure/vacuum vent valves; self-contained (non-powered) pressure- and temperature-regulating valves; pinch and diaphragm dosing valves for chemical metering; the controller that computes the loop output ([[sync/programmable-logic-controllers]]); the SCADA/HMI that supervises it ([[sync/scada-and-hmi-systems]]); the measuring instruments that close the loop ([[sync/process-instrumentation]], [[sync/flow-measurement]], [[sync/analytical-instrumentation]]); the control panel that houses the I/O ([[sync/industrial-control-panels]]); the field network that carries the signals ([[sync/process-control-networks]]); the instrument and signal wiring itself ([[sync/conductors-and-cables]]); and loop checkout, stroke testing, and tuning, which are performed under [[sync/control-systems-integration]].
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## This standard also covers electric (motorized) actuators applied to isolation valves — motor-operated valves (MOVs) — where the actuator is the controls interface that opens, closes, or modulates the valve and reports position to the supervisory system, because the actuator and its controls are I&C scope even when the valve body is an isolation valve. {note}
−## This standard does not cover general isolation and service piping valves selected for shutoff rather than throttling, nor the body and material standards that govern them; those are piping valves governed by AWWA, MSS, and API standards and belong to a Mechanical/Plumbing piping-valve standard. {note}
+## This standard does not cover general isolation and service piping valves selected for shutoff rather than throttling, nor the body and material standards that govern them; those are piping valves governed by AWWA, MSS, and API standards, covered by [[sync/butterfly-valves]], [[sync/eccentric-plug-valves]], [[sync/resilient-seated-gate-valves]], [[sync/process-check-valves]], and [[sync/air-release-and-vacuum-valves]]; the actuators on those isolation valves and on gates are covered by [[sync/valve-and-gate-actuators]]. {note}
## The distinction between a throttling control valve and an isolation valve determines which standard applies: a valve selected to modulate flow against a process variable is in scope; a valve selected to fully open or fully close for isolation is out of scope except through its electric actuator. {note}
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## Seat leakage classification shall comply with ANSI/FCI 70-2.
−## The Contractor shall coordinate the control-valve loop demand signal with [[sync/programmable-logic-controllers]], the supervisory monitoring and position feedback with [[sync/scada-and-hmi-systems]], the instrument signal wiring with [[sync/conductors-and-cables]], and loop checkout and stroke testing with [[sync/control-systems-integration]].
+## The Contractor shall coordinate the control-valve loop demand signal with [[sync/programmable-logic-controllers]], the supervisory monitoring and position feedback with [[sync/scada-and-hmi-systems]], the instrument signal wiring with [[sync/instrumentation-and-control-cable]], and loop checkout and stroke testing with [[sync/control-systems-integration]].
# Referenced Standards {toc}
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## Scope of Electric Actuation {toc}
−### Electric actuators applied to isolation valves (MOVs) are in this standard because the actuator and its controls are the I&C interface that opens, closes, or modulates the valve and reports its position to the supervisory system, even though the valve body is an isolation valve governed elsewhere. {note}
+### Electric actuators on isolation valves and gates that open and close under supervisory control, with their position signals, are governed by [[sync/valve-and-gate-actuators]]; the articles below apply to an electric actuator only where it modulates a valve in a control loop. {note}
−### The valve body, end connections, and body materials of an MOV isolation valve are governed by the applicable piping-valve standard (AWWA, MSS, or API) and are outside this standard; this standard governs only the electric actuator and its controls. {note}
+### The valve body, end connections, and body materials of a modulating valve built on an isolation-valve body are governed by the piping-valve standard for that valve type (for example [[sync/butterfly-valves]] or [[sync/eccentric-plug-valves]]) and are outside this standard; this standard governs only the modulating actuator, its positioner, and its controls. {note}
### Electric actuators for water and wastewater valves and slide gates shall comply with AWWA C542.
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### Instrument-air tubing shall be run to each pneumatic valve from the conditioned instrument-air supply, sloped and trapped to drain condensate, and connected through the air set.
−### Signal and feedback wiring shall be installed and terminated per [[sync/conductors-and-cables]], with analog loops separated from power wiring and shields grounded at one end only.
+### Signal and feedback wiring shall be installed and terminated per [[sync/instrumentation-and-control-cable]].
### Network-connected positioners and electric actuators shall be connected per [[sync/process-control-networks]].
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### The spare-parts list with manufacturer part numbers shall be included in the closeout documentation.