1 Scope

NOTE This specification covers the performance, materials, construction, controls, and installation of exterior and site lighting equipment, including the luminaires, the poles and supports that carry them, the foundations and anchorage that resist their loads, and the controls that turn them on and off. (1.1)

NOTE Exterior lighting differs from interior lighting in that it operates in an uncontrolled environment of weather, temperature extremes, moisture, and corrosion; it is exposed to the public and therefore to vandalism, vehicle impact, and structural loading from wind and ice; and it emits light into the night sky and onto adjacent property, where it is increasingly regulated for energy use, glare, and light pollution. (1.2)

NOTE A luminaire that performs well indoors may fail quickly outdoors, and a pole that is adequate as a mounting bracket may collapse as a wind-loaded cantilever. (1.3)

1.4 Equipment furnished under this standard shall be listed and labeled for the wet or damp location in which it is installed by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory in accordance with UL 1598.

1.5 The LED components within each luminaire shall comply with UL 8750.

1.6 The Contractor shall treat the luminaire, the pole, the foundation, and the control system as one coordinated system rather than as independently procured parts.

NOTE The photometric distribution selected for the luminaire depends on the mounting height set by the pole, the pole loading depends on the luminaire weight and projected area, and the foundation depends on the pole reactions. (1.7)

NOTE This standard is organized from the general to the specific: performance and photometric requirements first, then light-pollution control, then the electrical and driver requirements, then the structural pole, foundation, and anchorage requirements, then controls, surge protection, and finishes, and finally testing, installation, and closeout. (1.8)

NOTE Branch-circuit conductors, raceways, and grounding that serve the lighting are covered by Conductors And CablesConductors and CablesResolves to the current edition.sync/conductors-and-cables, Raceways And ConduitRaceways and ConduitResolves to the current edition.sync/raceways-and-conduit, and Grounding And BondingGrounding and Bonding for Electrical SystemsResolves to the current edition.sync/grounding-and-bonding; this standard governs the luminaire-, pole-, and control-specific requirements and the connection points between them. (1.9)

2 Referenced Standards

2.1 Equipment, materials, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of the following standards and codes.

Standard	Title
UL 1598	Luminaires
UL 1598C	Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Retrofit Luminaire Conversion Kits
UL 8750	Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Equipment for Use in Lighting Products
UL 1449	Surge Protective Devices
NFPA 70	National Electrical Code (Articles 410 — Luminaires; 225 — Outside Branch Circuits and Feeders)
ANSI/IES RP-8	Recommended Practice for Design and Maintenance of Roadway and Parking Facility Lighting
ANSI/IES RP-20	Lighting for Parking Facilities
ANSI/IES RP-33	Lighting for Exterior Environments
ANSI/IES TM-15	Luminaire Classification System for Outdoor Luminaires (Backlight, Uplight, and Glare ratings)
ANSI/IES LM-79	Optical and Electrical Measurements of Solid-State Lighting Products
ANSI/IES LM-80	Measuring Luminous Flux and Color Maintenance of LED Packages, Arrays, and Modules
ANSI/IES TM-21	Projecting Long-Term Luminous, Photon, and Radiant Flux Maintenance of LED Light Sources
ANSI/IES TM-30	Method for Evaluating Light Source Color Rendition
IDA/IES Model Lighting Ordinance	Joint IDA-IES Model Lighting Ordinance
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1	Energy Standard for Sites and Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
IECC	International Energy Conservation Code (exterior lighting power and controls)
AASHTO LTS-6	Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals
ASCE 7	Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures
ANSI C136.3	Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment — Luminaire Attachments
ANSI C136.10	Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment — Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles
ANSI C136.25	Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment — Ingress Protection for Luminaire Enclosures and Devices
ANSI C136.31	Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment — Luminaire Vibration
ANSI C136.41	Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment — Dimming Control Between an External Locking-Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driver
IEEE C62.41.2	Recommended Practice on Characterization of Surges in Low-Voltage (1000V and Less) AC Power Circuits
IEEE C62.45	Recommended Practice on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits
ASTM B26	Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings
ASTM B221	Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
ASTM A123	Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
AAMA 2604 / 2605	Voluntary Specification for High-Performance Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels

2.2 Where the contract documents, the adopted building or energy code, or a referenced standard conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.

3 Submittals

3.1 Action Submittals

3.1.1 Contractor shall submit the following for the Engineer's review prior to procurement and fabrication:

Product data for each luminaire type, including LED light engine, driver, optical assembly, housing, gaskets, and mounting hardware
Photometric test reports per ANSI/IES LM-79 from an ISO 17025 accredited laboratory, including the IES-format photometric data file for each distribution offered
LED lumen-maintenance data per ANSI/IES LM-80 with the TM-21 projected maintenance for the proposed drive current and case temperature
TM-15 Backlight-Uplight-Glare (BUG) rating for each luminaire and distribution
Pole structural calculations, signed and sealed by a professional engineer licensed in the project jurisdiction, demonstrating compliance with the wind, ice, and fatigue loading of AASHTO LTS-6 or ASCE 7 as applicable, including the effective projected area of all attached luminaires and brackets
Foundation design and anchor-bolt details, signed and sealed, coordinated with the geotechnical report
Control system narrative, wiring diagrams, and the proposed scheduling and dimming strategy
Surge protective device data including the rating and the IEEE C62.41.2 location category for which it is selected
Finish system data including coating type, color, and dry-film thickness

Action Submittals Requiredcheckbox

☑ Luminaire product data

☑ LM-79 photometric reports and IES files

☑ LM-80 / TM-21 lumen-maintenance data

☑ TM-15 BUG ratings

☑ Pole structural calculations (signed and sealed)

☑ Foundation and anchorage design (signed and sealed)

☑ Control system narrative and wiring diagrams

☑ Surge protective device data

☑ Finish system data

3.1.2 Fabrication of poles and procurement of luminaires shall not proceed until the corresponding submittals are reviewed and returned, because pole structural design and luminaire photometrics are interdependent and a change to either may invalidate the other.

3.2 Closeout Submittals

3.2.1 Contractor shall provide the following at substantial completion before the lighting system is accepted:

Operation and maintenance data for luminaires, drivers, and the control system, including driver programming and dimming setpoints
As-built site plan showing installed pole locations, mounting heights, circuiting, and control zones
Field test and aiming reports
Warranty documentation for luminaires, drivers, poles, and finishes

Closeout Submittals Requiredcheckbox

☑ Operation and maintenance data (luminaires, drivers, controls)

☑ As-built site plan (pole locations, heights, circuiting, zones)

☑ Field test and aiming reports

☑ Warranty documentation (luminaires, drivers, poles, finishes)

4 Quality Assurance

4.1 Luminaire Listing and Labeling

4.1.1 Every luminaire shall be listed and labeled to UL 1598 by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory.

4.1.2 Each luminaire shall be marked for the location in which it is installed — wet location for luminaires exposed to rain and for in-grade or near-grade luminaires, and damp location for luminaires in covered but unconditioned locations such as parking-structure soffits.

4.1.3 A luminaire listed only for dry locations shall not be installed outdoors.

NOTE The listing confirms that the gasketing, drainage, and electrical spacing are suitable for the weather the luminaire will see. (4.1.4)

4.2 LED Component Compliance

4.2.1 LED drivers, modules, and arrays within each luminaire shall comply with UL 8750.

NOTE The driver is the most failure-prone component of an LED luminaire, and UL 8750 compliance establishes the construction and protection requirements that allow the driver to be relied upon for the service life claimed. (4.2.2)

4.3 Photometric Test Laboratory

4.3.1 Photometric testing submitted in support of luminaire selection shall be performed by a laboratory accredited to ISO 17025 with a scope that includes goniophotometer testing to ANSI/IES LM-79.

4.3.2 Manufacturer-published lumen and distribution data that is not traceable to an accredited LM-79 test shall not be accepted as the basis for selection.

4.4 Structural Design Qualification

4.4.1 Pole and foundation structural calculations shall be prepared and sealed by a professional engineer licensed in the jurisdiction of the project.

4.4.2 A pole is a fatigue-loaded cantilever subject to wind-induced vibration; selecting a pole from a catalog by mounting height alone, without confirming it against the actual luminaire effective projected area and the site wind and ice loads, is the most common and most consequential error in exterior lighting and shall not be permitted.

5 Environmental and Service Conditions

5.1 The Engineer shall establish the design wind speed, ice load, ambient temperature range, and corrosion exposure.

5.2 The Contractor shall report any field condition that differs materially from the design basis.

5.3 Ambient Temperature Range

5.3.1 The design ambient temperature range at the site shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Design Ambient Temperature Rangeselect

−20°C to 40°C (temperate)

−40°C to 40°C (cold climate)

−20°C to 50°C (hot climate)

−40°C to 50°C (extreme range)

5.3.2 Luminaires shall be rated for the full ambient temperature range at the site.

NOTE The ambient range is a site climate value the Engineer takes from the project's design weather data, so no range is preselected here. (5.3.3)

NOTE LED luminaire output, color, and driver life are temperature dependent, and the published lumen-maintenance projection is valid only at or below the case temperature at which it was established. (5.3.4)

5.4 Corrosion Exposure

5.4.1 The corrosion exposure classification at the site shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Corrosion Exposure Classificationselect

C2 - Low (rural, dry, low pollution)

C3 - Medium (urban, suburban, moderate humidity)

C4 - High (industrial, de-iced roadway, near-coastal)

C5 - Very High (marine, coastal salt spray, heavy industrial)

5.4.2 Coastal and roadway-salt environments classified C4 or C5 shall use stainless or hot-dip galvanized hardware, enhanced coatings, and careful avoidance of dissimilar-metal couples.

NOTE Corrosion exposure drives the selection of pole material, anchor-bolt protection, hardware grade, and finish system; an installation that is adequate in a C2 environment will streak, pit, and fail prematurely in a C5 environment. (5.4.3)

5.5 Wind, Ice, and Seismic Loading

5.5.1 Pole supports shall be designed for the site design wind speed, the site ice load, and, where applicable, seismic loading.

5.5.2 Design loads shall be as indicated on the structural drawings.

5.5.3 Where the drawings do not state them, the design wind speed, ice load, and seismic parameters shall be taken from the adopted building code and AASHTO LTS-6.

5.5.4 The fatigue provisions of AASHTO LTS-6 shall be applied to area and roadway poles.

NOTE Wind-induced vibration and fatigue, not static wind pressure alone, govern many tall-pole failures. (5.5.5)

6 Luminaire Performance and Photometrics

NOTE The purpose of an exterior luminaire is to deliver the right amount of light, in the right distribution, to the surface that must be lit — and as little as possible everywhere else. (6.1)

NOTE The performance requirements below are stated as outcomes so that any compliant manufacturer's product can be selected. (6.2)

6.3 Luminaire Type

6.3.1 The luminaire type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Luminaire Typeselect

Area / site (pole-mounted)

Roadway (pole-mounted, arm)

Parking structure (low-profile, ceiling or pendant)

Floodlight (aimed)

Wall-pack (building-mounted)

Bollard (post-top, low-level)

Post-top (decorative pole-mounted)

NOTE The luminaire type establishes the family of distributions, mounting methods, and structural loads that apply; area and roadway luminaires are pole-mounted and lay light across horizontal surfaces from height, floodlights are aimed and are the most prone to glare and trespass when poorly controlled, wall-packs are convenient but historically the worst offenders for light trespass and uplight, and bollards light paths at low level and are subject to vandalism and vehicle impact. (6.3.2)

6.4 Light Distribution Type

6.4.1 The IES distribution type, classified per ANSI/IES TM-15, shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Light Distribution Type (IES Type)select

Type I (narrow, two-way along a path)

Type II (roadway side, narrow areas)

Type III (general area and parking)

Type IV (forward throw, perimeter and wall-mount)

Type V (symmetric, square, open areas and intersections)

6.4.2 The distribution type shall be coordinated with the pole spacing and mounting height so that the layout meets the required uniformity without spilling light off-site.

NOTE Type III is the workhorse for parking and general area lighting along a perimeter, Type V suits poles in the center of open areas, and Type II and Type IV control light toward property lines. (6.4.3)

6.5 Illuminance and Uniformity Targets

6.5.1 The application and its illuminance target shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Application and Illuminance Targetselect

Parking lot, basic (0.2 fc min)

Parking lot, enhanced security (0.5 fc min)

Parking structure (1 fc min, 5 fc transition zones)

Pedestrian walkway (0.5 fc avg)

Roadway, local (per RP-8 by classification)

Building entrance / canopy (5 fc avg)

Per drawings — photometric site plan (deferred by default)

6.5.2 Illuminance targets and uniformity ratios shall follow ANSI/IES RP-8 for roadways, ANSI/IES RP-20 for parking facilities, and ANSI/IES RP-33 for general exterior environments.

6.5.3 The design point-by-point values shall be as indicated on the photometric site plan.

NOTE The design intent is to meet the recommended minimum and uniformity, not to maximize light; over-lighting wastes energy, violates energy-code power allowances, and worsens glare and light pollution. (6.5.4)

6.6 Maintained Light Output and Lumen Maintenance

6.6.1 The minimum rated lumen maintenance shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Minimum Rated Lumen Maintenance (L70)select

L70 at 50,000 hours

L70 at 75,000 hours

L70 at 100,000 hours

6.6.2 Lumen maintenance shall be substantiated by ANSI/IES LM-80 testing of the LED source and a TM-21 projection at the luminaire's actual in-service drive current and case temperature, not at a lower laboratory test current that flatters the projection.

6.6.3 The design illuminance shall account for lumen depreciation through a light-loss factor so that the surface still meets the target at end of life.

NOTE L70 is the operating time at which the luminaire is projected to retain 70 percent of its initial output. (6.6.4)

6.7 Correlated Color Temperature

6.7.1 The correlated color temperature shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)range

K

270030004000

NOTE Lower correlated color temperatures read warmer in appearance: 2700 K is warm, 3000 K warm-neutral, and 4000 K neutral. (6.7.2)

6.7.3 Where a jurisdiction caps CCT, that cap governs.

NOTE A CCT of 3000 K or lower is the maximum permitted by the DarkSky Approved program and by many jurisdictions, which is why it is the baseline here; 4000 K is selected only where a jurisdiction or owner standard calls for it. (6.7.4)

NOTE Shorter-wavelength (bluer, higher-CCT) light scatters more in the atmosphere, contributes disproportionately to skyglow, and has greater ecological impact on wildlife. (6.7.5)

6.8 Color Rendering

6.8.1 The minimum color rendering index shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Minimum Color Rendering Index (CRI)select

70 CRI minimum

80 CRI minimum

90 CRI minimum

6.8.2 A minimum CRI of 70 is adequate for most roadway and parking applications where color discrimination is not critical.

6.8.3 A CRI of 80 or higher should be specified where color recognition matters, such as building entrances, pedestrian areas, and security camera coverage.

6.8.4 Color rendition may additionally be evaluated by the ANSI/IES TM-30 fidelity and gamut indices where the owner has a more demanding appearance requirement.

7 Light Pollution, BUG Rating, and Dark-Sky Control

NOTE Exterior lighting is the source of light trespass onto adjacent property, skyglow that erases the night sky, and glare that reduces rather than improves visibility. (7.1)

NOTE Controlling these is both an environmental obligation and, increasingly, a code and ordinance requirement. (7.2)

NOTE The Backlight-Uplight-Glare (BUG) system of ANSI/IES TM-15 quantifies a luminaire's contribution to each. (7.3)

7.4 Uplight Limit

7.4.1 The maximum uplight rating shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Maximum Uplight Rating (TM-15 "U")select

U0 (no uplight — full cutoff, dark-sky)

U1

U2

7.4.2 An uplight rating above U0 shall be used only for decorative post-top luminaires explicitly approved by the Engineer of Record.

NOTE A U0 rating means the luminaire emits no light at or above the horizontal and is the requirement for dark-sky compliance and for the IDA-IES Model Lighting Ordinance; uplight is the single largest controllable contributor to skyglow and is almost never useful. (7.4.3)

7.5 Backlight Limit

7.5.1 The maximum backlight rating permitted at each location shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Maximum Backlight Rating (TM-15 "B") at Property Linesselect

B1

B2

B3

Per drawings — photometric site plan (deferred by default)

7.5.2 The backlight rating shall be coordinated with the luminaire's setback from the property line.

7.5.3 Luminaires near a property line shall carry a lower backlight rating or a backlight shield.

7.6 Glare Limit

7.6.1 The maximum glare rating shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Maximum Glare Rating (TM-15 "G")select

G1

G2

G3

7.6.2 Lower glare ratings shall be required for pedestrian areas and where luminaires are viewed against a dark background.

NOTE The glare rating limits high-angle luminance that causes discomfort and disability glare. (7.6.3)

7.7 Lighting Zone

7.7.1 The project lighting zone shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Lighting Zone (Model Lighting Ordinance)select

LZ0 - No ambient lighting (parks, wilderness)

LZ1 - Low (rural, residential)

LZ2 - Moderate (suburban commercial)

LZ3 - Moderately high (urban commercial)

LZ4 - High (major metropolitan)

7.7.2 The lighting zone shall be taken from the adopted local ordinance where one exists; where none exists, the zone reflects the character of the surroundings and governs the BUG limits selected above.

NOTE The lighting zone of the IDA-IES Model Lighting Ordinance sets the allowable BUG ratings, total site lumens, and curfew provisions. (7.7.3)

7.8 House-Side Shielding

7.8.1 House-side shielding shall be provided as indicated in the datasheet.

House-Side / Backlight Shieldingradio

○ Not required

● Provided at luminaires adjacent to property lines and residences

7.8.2 Where a luminaire is close to a property line, a residence, or a protected view, a factory house-side shield shall be provided to block backlight without re-aiming the luminaire.

7.8.3 Field-fabricated shields shall not be used because they alter the listed thermal and photometric performance.

8 Electrical and Drivers

8.1 System Voltage

8.1.1 The luminaire supply voltage shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

System Voltageselect

120 V

208 V

240 V

277 V

347 V

480 V

Multi-volt (120-277 V universal)

8.1.2 A fixed voltage shall be selected where the site distribution voltage is 347 V or 480 V or where a specific voltage is required for circuit balance.

8.1.3 Outside branch circuits and feeders serving the lighting shall comply with NFPA 70 Article 225.

NOTE Universal-input drivers operating across 120-277 V simplify procurement and stocking and are the practical default for most projects. (8.1.4)

8.2 LED Driver

8.2.1 The LED driver shall comply with UL 8750 and shall be a constant-current electronic driver matched to the LED module.

8.2.2 The driver shall be field-replaceable without replacing the entire luminaire or removing it from the pole where the luminaire is mounted at a height that permits in-place service.

NOTE Tool-less or captive-fastener driver access is preferred because driver replacement is the most common maintenance event over the life of an LED luminaire. (8.2.3)

8.2.4 Driver Electrical Performance

8.2.4.1 The minimum driver power factor shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Driver Power Factor (Minimum)select

0.90 minimum

0.95 minimum

8.2.4.2 The maximum driver current total harmonic distortion shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Maximum Total Harmonic Distortion (Driver Current)select

20% maximum

15% maximum

10% maximum

NOTE Power factor and current distortion limits exist to hold down utility power-factor penalties and harmonic loading on the branch circuit; 0.90 and 20% are the levels every commercial LED driver meets. (8.2.4.3)

8.3 Dimming Interface

8.3.1 The driver dimming interface shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Driver Dimming Interfaceselect

0-10 V analog dimming

DALI digital addressable

Integral wireless control node

Non-dimming (switched on and off)

8.3.2 A dimmable driver shall be provided wherever the controls strategy includes part-night dimming or daylight response.

8.3.3 The dimming interface shall be coordinated with the control system selected below.

NOTE The 0-10 V interface is the most widely supported and is the practical default; DALI is selected where individual luminaire addressing and feedback are required. (8.3.4)

9 Poles and Supports

NOTE The pole is a structural element, not an accessory. (9.1)

NOTE It is a cantilever loaded by its own weight, the weight and wind area of the luminaires and brackets it carries, wind, ice, and — in roadway applications — vehicle impact considerations. (9.2)

9.3 Pole selection shall follow the sealed structural calculations, not a catalog mounting-height table.

9.4 Mounting Configuration

9.4.1 The luminaire mounting configuration shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Luminaire Mounting Configurationselect

Pole arm / mast arm (single)

Pole arm (twin, opposed)

Pole arm (multiple, at angles)

Post-top mount

Direct wall mount (wall-pack)

Tenon / slip-fitter mount

9.4.2 The mounting configuration determines the number and arrangement of luminaires on the pole, which directly drives the pole's effective projected area and the eccentric moment it must resist; a multiple-luminaire arrangement at a single pole reduces pole count but increases the structural demand on each pole and its foundation.

9.5 Mounting Height

9.5.1 The luminaire mounting height shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Luminaire Mounting Heightrange

ft

12152025303540

Per drawings — photometric site plan (deferred by default)

NOTE Mounting height tracks the application: 12 ft for pedestrian post-top locations, 15 ft for walkways and other low-level areas, 20 to 30 ft for parking from low-mounted through typical to large-lot installations, 35 ft for roadway and large-area lighting, and 40 ft at the lower range of high-mast installations. (9.5.2)

9.5.3 The mounting height shall be coordinated with the selected distribution type so that the spacing-to-mounting-height ratio produces the required uniformity.

NOTE Mounting height trades pole count against light distribution and glare; higher mounting covers more area per pole with lower glare angles but requires a stronger pole and foundation and makes maintenance harder. (9.5.4)

9.6 Pole Material

9.6.1 The pole material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Pole Materialradio

○ Aluminum (extruded or spun)

○ Steel (hot-dip galvanized)

○ Steel (galvanized and powder-coated)

○ Concrete (spun or precast)

○ Fiberglass / FRP

9.6.2 The galvanizing of steel poles per ASTM A123 is the primary corrosion defense and shall not be compromised by field cutting or welding.

9.6.3 The pole material shall be confirmed against the corrosion exposure classification and the structural calculations.

NOTE Aluminum poles resist corrosion inherently and are light enough to handle without lifting equipment, making them well suited to coastal and roadway-salt environments and to shorter poles; galvanized steel poles are stronger for tall poles and high-load multiple-luminaire arrangements and are the practical default for typical parking and roadway heights; concrete poles offer long maintenance-free life and impact mass for roadway applications; and fiberglass poles are non-conductive and corrosion-immune and are selected where electrical isolation or aggressive chemical exposure governs. (9.6.4)

9.7 Pole Wind and Fatigue Resistance

9.7.1 Poles shall be designed and fabricated to resist the design wind, ice, and fatigue loads of AASHTO LTS-6 for area and roadway luminaire supports, or ASCE 7 where the building code governs site-lighting poles on a building site.

9.7.3 Wind-induced vibration fatigue at the base weld and the anchor-bolt connection shall be specifically addressed.

NOTE Wind-induced vibration fatigue at the base weld and the anchor-bolt connection is a recognized failure mode for slender poles. (9.7.4)

9.8 Pole Vibration

9.8.1 Luminaires and their attachments shall withstand the vibration of normal service per ANSI C136.31 so that the LED module, driver, and optical assembly are not loosened or fatigued by wind-induced pole oscillation.

9.8.2 Roadway and high-mast applications impose higher vibration and shall use the corresponding higher vibration category.

9.9 Handhole and Wiring

9.9.1 Each pole shall have a reinforced, gasketed handhole near the base with a removable cover for access to the in-pole wiring and the in-line fuse holders.

9.9.2 Pole wiring shall be supported so that it does not bear on sharp edges and shall be provided with a grounding provision inside the handhole bonded per Grounding And BondingGrounding and Bonding for Electrical SystemsResolves to the current edition.sync/grounding-and-bonding.

9.9.3 In-pole fusing shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

In-Pole Fusingradio

● In-line fuse in each ungrounded conductor at the handhole

○ Not required (fused at the distribution panel)

NOTE An in-line fuse at the handhole keeps a fault in one pole from de-energizing the whole circuit and lets a single pole be isolated for service, which is why it is the baseline here. (9.9.4)

9.10 Luminaire Attachments

9.10.1 Brackets, arms, tenons, and slip-fitters shall comply with ANSI C136.3 for mechanical interchangeability and load capacity.

9.10.2 Attachment hardware shall be stainless steel or hot-dip galvanized to match the corrosion class.

9.10.3 Dissimilar-metal contact between an aluminum luminaire and a steel pole shall be isolated to prevent galvanic corrosion.

10 Foundations and Anchorage

NOTE The pole foundation transfers the pole's overturning moment, shear, and uplift into the soil. (10.1)

10.2 Foundation design depends on the pole reactions, the soil properties from the geotechnical report, and the frost depth, and shall not be a standard detail applied without verification.

10.3 Foundation Type

10.3.1 The pole foundation type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Pole Foundation Typeselect

Drilled concrete pier (cast-in-place)

Spread footing (cast-in-place)

Precast concrete base

Direct-buried (embedded pole)

Per drawings — structural drawings (deferred by default)

10.3.2 The embedment depth, reinforcement, and concrete strength of the foundation shall be as detailed on the structural drawings, coordinated with the geotechnical report.

10.3.3 Cast-in-place foundation concrete shall comply with Cast In Place ConcreteCast-in-Place ConcreteResolves to the current edition.sync/cast-in-place-concrete and reinforcement with Concrete ReinforcementConcrete ReinforcementResolves to the current edition.sync/concrete-reinforcement.

NOTE The drilled concrete pier is the most common foundation for area and roadway poles because it resists overturning efficiently with a small footprint; direct-buried poles are economical for shorter, lighter poles but are limited by soil capacity and corrosion at the grade line. (10.3.4)

10.4 Anchor Bolts and Base Plate

10.4.1 Anchor bolt and base plate corrosion protection shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Anchor Bolt / Base Plate Corrosion Protectionselect

Hot-dip galvanized

Stainless steel

Zinc-plated (sheltered locations)

10.4.2 Anchor bolts shall be sized and embedded per the sealed foundation design to develop the pole base reactions, and the bolt pattern shall match the pole base plate.

10.4.3 Anchor bolts, nuts, and washers in corrosive or coastal environments shall be hot-dip galvanized or stainless steel, and the projecting threads shall be protected.

10.4.4 A non-shrink grout pad or a leveling-nut arrangement shall be used so the base plate bears uniformly, and the void under the base plate shall be handled per the pole manufacturer's instructions.

NOTE Trapping water under an ungrouted base plate accelerates corrosion, and an improperly grouted base can prevent the connection from flexing as the fatigue design assumes. (10.4.5)

10.5 Frangible / Breakaway Bases

10.5.1 Frangible bases shall be provided as indicated in the datasheet.

Frangible / Breakaway Baseradio

● Not required

○ Required (poles in vehicle clear zone)

10.5.2 Where a pole stands within the vehicle clear zone of a roadway or a high-speed drive aisle, a breakaway base designed per AASHTO LTS-6 shall be provided so that the pole separates predictably on impact rather than arresting the vehicle.

10.5.3 Breakaway bases shall not be used where a falling pole would endanger pedestrians or strike a building.

10.6 Grade Clearance

10.6.1 The top of the foundation shall extend above finished grade or pavement so that the base plate and anchor bolts are not submerged in standing or splash water.

10.6.2 The projection shall be as detailed on the structural drawings, typically several inches above grade and higher in snow-removal or curbed-island locations.

11 Controls

NOTE Exterior lighting controls are mandated by energy code to ensure the lighting is off or reduced when not needed. (11.1)

NOTE ASHRAE 90.1 and the IECC both require automatic shutoff of exterior lighting, generally by a combination of a photocontrol that prevents daytime operation and a time-based or occupancy-based control that reduces or extinguishes lighting during unoccupied night hours. (11.2)

11.3 Photocontrol

11.3.1 The photocontrol type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Photocontrol Typeselect

Locking-type twist-lock photocontrol (ANSI C136.10)

Button / non-locking photocontrol

Networked control node with integral photosensor

Central photocell controlling contactor

11.3.2 A photocontrol shall prevent the lighting from operating during daylight, satisfying the daylight-off requirement of the energy code.

11.4 Scheduling and Reduction Control

11.4.1 The time-based or occupancy control strategy shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Time-Based / Occupancy Control Strategyselect

Astronomical time switch (on at dusk, off/reduce at set time)

Networked schedule with part-night dimming

Occupancy/motion sensing with dimming to low level

Photocontrol only (dusk-to-dawn, no reduction)

11.4.2 Exterior lighting shall be reduced or extinguished during unoccupied hours beyond simple dusk-to-dawn operation for most applications, as required by the energy code.

11.4.3 Where occupancy sensing that dims luminaires to a low level is used, it shall be coordinated with the dimmable driver selected above.

11.4.4 Photocontrol-only operation is permitted only for the limited applications the energy code exempts.

NOTE An astronomical time switch tracks seasonal sunrise and sunset and reduces or turns off lighting at a programmed time, satisfying the requirement without a sensor at every pole; occupancy sensing that dims luminaires to a low level when no activity is detected and raises them on approach provides the greatest savings for parking lots and is increasingly required. (11.4.5)

11.5 Control Zoning

11.5.1 Control zones shall be arranged so that lighting can be reduced or switched by area according to occupancy and use, and the zone boundaries and assignments shall be as indicated on the lighting control plan.

11.5.2 Façade, signage, and decorative lighting shall be on separate control from functional area lighting so that the energy-code curfew and shutoff requirements can be applied to each independently.

12 Surge Protection

NOTE Outdoor luminaires are connected to long exterior circuits that are exposed to lightning-induced and switching surges, and the LED driver is the component most often destroyed by them. (12.1)

NOTE Surge protection is the single most cost-effective measure to prevent premature LED failure on exterior systems. (12.2)

12.3 Luminaire Surge Protective Device

12.3.1 Each luminaire shall be provided with a surge protective device, listed to UL 1449 where applied as a discrete SPD, selected for the surge environment of its location category per IEEE C62.41.2 and tested per IEEE C62.45.

12.3.2 The surge protective device rating shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Luminaire Surge Protection Ratingselect

10 kV / 5 kA

20 kV / 10 kA

12.3.3 A 20 kV / 10 kA device shall be used on tall poles, on exposed sites, and in areas of high lightning activity.

NOTE A 10 kV / 5 kA device is adequate for most site locations, which is why it is the baseline. (12.3.4)

12.3.5 The SPD should be of a type that fails safe and disconnects the luminaire on its own end of life rather than failing the driver, and should be field-replaceable.

12.4 System-Level Surge Protection

12.4.1 Where exterior lighting is fed from a panelboard or feeder that warrants protection, a panel-level surge protective device shall be coordinated with the luminaire-level devices in accordance with the cascade principles of IEEE C62.41.2.

12.4.2 Grounding and bonding of poles and the surge path shall comply with Grounding And BondingGrounding and Bonding for Electrical SystemsResolves to the current edition.sync/grounding-and-bonding.

NOTE The effectiveness of any SPD depends entirely on a low-impedance ground connection at the pole. (12.4.3)

13 Finishes and Corrosion Protection

NOTE The finish is what allows the luminaire housing and the pole to survive years of weather without corroding, and the appropriate system depends on the corrosion exposure classification. (13.1)

13.2 Luminaire Housing Finish

13.2.1 The luminaire housing finish shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Luminaire Housing Finishselect

Polyester powder coat over pretreated aluminum

Super-durable polyester powder coat (high UV / coastal)

Anodized aluminum

13.2.2 Luminaire housings shall be corrosion-resistant aluminum (cast per ASTM B26 or extruded per ASTM B221) with a chromate-free pretreatment and a powder-coat finish.

13.2.3 A super-durable powder coat shall be specified for coastal and high-UV environments where standard polyester chalks and fades.

13.3 Pole Finish

13.3.1 The pole finish system shall be as indicated in the datasheet and shall correspond to the pole material selected.

Pole Finish Systemselect

Hot-dip galvanized, bare (ASTM A123)

Hot-dip galvanized with polyester powder coat

High-performance coating on aluminum (AAMA 2604)

Superior-performance coating on aluminum (AAMA 2605, coastal)

Standard polyester powder coat on aluminum, no AAMA performance rating (sheltered locations)

13.3.2 The pole and luminaire finish color shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Finish Colortext

Enter value...

NOTE Finish color is an appearance selection the Architect makes for the project; the standard sets the coating system, not the color. (13.3.3)

13.3.4 Steel poles shall be hot-dip galvanized per ASTM A123 as the base corrosion protection, and a powder-coat top finish is added where appearance is specified, applied over the galvanizing with proper surface preparation so it does not later peel.

13.3.5 Aluminum poles shall receive a coating meeting AAMA 2604 for general use or AAMA 2605 for the longest life in coastal and high-UV exposure.

13.3.6 Field cuts, drilled holes, and weld repairs in galvanized steel shall be repaired with a zinc-rich coating.

NOTE Bare steel left at a field modification will corrode and bleed regardless of the finish elsewhere. (13.3.7)

13.4 Dissimilar Metal Isolation

13.4.1 Where aluminum and steel components are joined — an aluminum luminaire on a steel pole, an aluminum pole on steel anchor bolts — the contact shall be isolated with a non-absorbent gasket or an isolation washer so that the galvanic couple does not consume the more anodic metal.

NOTE This detail is routinely omitted and produces corrosion at exactly the connection that is most difficult to service. (13.4.2)

14 Testing

14.1 Photometric Acceptance

14.1.1 The field illuminance verification method shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Field Illuminance Verificationradio

○ Point-by-point measurement at plan grid points

● Spot measurement at representative locations

○ Not required

14.1.2 The installed lighting shall be verified after dark to meet the design illuminance and uniformity, with readings taken after the LED output has stabilized and with the pavement and surroundings representative of the in-service condition.

14.1.3 Readings substantially below or above the design indicate a wrong luminaire, wrong aiming, or a circuiting error and shall be corrected.

14.2 Aiming and Shielding Verification

14.2.1 Floodlights and adjustable luminaires shall be aimed to the angles shown on the drawings and locked, and the aiming shall be verified after dark for glare and trespass toward property lines and residences.

14.2.2 House-side shields shall be confirmed installed where required.

14.3 Operational and Controls Testing

14.3.1 The Contractor shall demonstrate that the photocontrol prevents daytime operation, that the scheduling or occupancy control reduces or extinguishes the lighting as programmed, that dimming operates across its range, and that each control zone responds independently.

14.3.2 Functional testing of the controls is required by the energy code and the results shall be documented.

14.4 Pole and Anchorage Verification

14.4.1 Anchor-bolt nuts shall be tightened to the pole manufacturer's specified torque using a calibrated tool and the torque recorded.

14.4.2 Base-plate grouting or leveling-nut arrangement shall be verified against the manufacturer's instructions.

NOTE Under-tensioned or over-tensioned anchor bolts are a leading cause of base-connection fatigue failure. (14.4.3)

15 Installation

15.1 Coordination and Sequencing

15.1.1 The Contractor shall coordinate foundation locations and conduit stub-up with the sealed foundation design and the site civil work before concrete is placed.

15.1.2 Underground branch-circuit conductors and raceways serving the poles shall be installed per Conductors And CablesConductors and CablesResolves to the current edition.sync/conductors-and-cables and Raceways And ConduitRaceways and ConduitResolves to the current edition.sync/raceways-and-conduit.

NOTE A foundation poured in the wrong location or with the wrong bolt pattern cannot be corrected without demolition. (15.1.3)

15.2 Pole Erection

15.2.1 Poles shall be set plumb on cured foundations and shall not be erected until the foundation concrete has reached the strength required by the structural drawings.

15.2.2 Luminaires shall be mounted, leveled, and the in-pole wiring connected through the handhole with the in-line fuses installed.

15.2.3 Lifting and rigging shall protect the finish, and scratches through galvanizing or coating shall be repaired before acceptance.

15.3 Grounding and Bonding

15.3.1 Each metal pole shall be bonded to the equipment grounding conductor of its circuit at the handhole grounding provision, and the grounding shall comply with Grounding And BondingGrounding and Bonding for Electrical SystemsResolves to the current edition.sync/grounding-and-bonding.

15.3.2 A non-conductive fiberglass pole still requires the luminaire and any metal hardware to be grounded through the equipment grounding conductor.

15.3.3 A supplemental grounding electrode at the pole base may be provided where the design requires it for surge dissipation, but it does not replace the equipment grounding conductor connection.

15.4 Drainage and Sealing

15.4.1 Luminaire gaskets and breathers shall be installed so that the luminaire drains and breathes as listed, because sealing a luminaire's breather causes internal condensation that fails the optics and driver.

15.4.2 Conduit entries into poles and luminaires shall be sealed against water entry, and any conduit that could convey water or condensation into a luminaire or pole shall be sealed per NFPA 70 to prevent moisture migration.

16 Delivery, Storage, and Handling

16.1 Luminaires shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original packaging with listing marks intact and stored indoors, dry, and protected until installed.

16.2 Poles shall be stored off the ground on supports that do not concentrate load or abrade the finish, and galvanized and coated surfaces shall be protected from contact that would scratch them.

16.3 Anchor-bolt assemblies and templates shall be stored together and protected from bending so the bolt pattern is preserved.

NOTE LED drivers are damaged by prolonged exposure to moisture and condensation in storage. (16.4)

17 Warranty

17.1 Luminaire and Driver Warranty

17.1.1 The luminaire and driver warranty period shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Luminaire and Driver Warranty Periodselect

5 years from substantial completion

7 years from substantial completion

10 years from substantial completion

17.1.2 Luminaires and drivers shall carry a manufacturer warranty against defects in materials and workmanship and against lumen depreciation below the rated maintenance for the warranty period.

NOTE A five-year warranty is common for commercial LED exterior luminaires; ten years should be specified for infrastructure and long-life municipal projects where re-lamping access is costly. (17.1.3)

17.2 Pole and Finish Warranty

17.2.1 The pole and finish warranty period shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Pole and Finish Warranty Periodselect

1 year from substantial completion

5 years from substantial completion

10 years against finish failure

17.2.2 The pole structure and its finish shall be warranted against structural failure and against finish failure such as peeling, blistering, and excessive fading for the specified period.

17.2.3 The Contractor shall warrant the installation, including anchorage, aiming, and controls, for the project warranty period.

18 Spare Parts

18.1 Spare parts shall be furnished as indicated in the datasheet.

Spare Partscheckbox

☑ Spare LED drivers (one per luminaire type)

☐ Spare LED modules / light engines (one per type)

☑ Spare photocontrols

☑ Spare in-line fuses (one box per rating)

☑ Spare surge protective devices

☑ Touch-up coating to match each finish

18.2 Spare parts shall match the type, rating, CCT, and distribution of the installed equipment so that a replacement is photometrically and visually consistent with its neighbors.

18.3 Touch-up coating matched to each finish shall be provided so that field repairs to scratched poles and luminaires do not leave a visible or corroding mark.