Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
---
title: Fire-Rated Glazing and Framing
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description: >
When to use: vision glass set into fire-resistance-rated walls and partitions as a listed
− opening protective -- fire-protective glazing (20-90 min, resists flame and hot gases) and
+ opening protective — fire-protective glazing (20-90 min, resists flame and hot gases) and
fire-resistive glazing (45-120 min, also limits radiant heat) with their complete tested
steel, aluminum, or composite framing systems. Covers fire-rated windows, sidelights,
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## This standard governs the following product forms, each set into a fire-resistance-rated wall or partition: {note}
−- Fire-rated windows -- a glazed opening framed within a rated wall.
−- Fire-rated sidelights and transoms -- glazed lites framed adjacent to or above a door opening in a rated partition.
−- Fire-rated glass walls -- floor-to-ceiling or column-to-column transparent rated barriers.
−- Fire-rated glazed partitions -- storefront-style rated framing infilled with rated glass.
+- Fire-rated windows — a glazed opening framed within a rated wall.
+- Fire-rated sidelights and transoms — glazed lites framed adjacent to or above a door opening in a rated partition.
+- Fire-rated glass walls — floor-to-ceiling or column-to-column transparent rated barriers.
+- Fire-rated glazed partitions — storefront-style rated framing infilled with rated glass.
- The glazed infill (vision lite) within a fire-rated door leaf, where the glazing must carry a door-assembly listing.
## Occupancies served {note}
−## Fire-rated glazing is required across healthcare, education, commercial office, multi-family residential, institutional, and industrial occupancies wherever the International Building Code mandates a rated opening protective with vision glass -- most commonly at corridor walls, stairway and exit enclosures, fire barriers separating occupancies or hazards, and fire partitions between dwelling or sleeping units. {note}
+## Fire-rated glazing is required across healthcare, education, commercial office, multi-family residential, institutional, and industrial occupancies wherever the International Building Code mandates a rated opening protective with vision glass — most commonly at corridor walls, stairway and exit enclosures, fire barriers separating occupancies or hazards, and fire partitions between dwelling or sleeping units. {note}
## The W-rated versus OH-rated distinction governs every selection decision in this standard. {note}
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- **Fire-resistive glazing (W-rated)** is tested to ASTM E119 / UL 263 (the full wall-assembly test). It limits both flame passage AND radiant heat transmission, making it the transparent equivalent of the rated wall. It carries a W designation and has no IBC per-lite size limit.
−## Where the code calls for a fire-resistance-rated assembly -- fire barriers and fire walls -- only W-rated glazing qualifies, regardless of the hourly number on an OH label. {note}
+## Where the code calls for a fire-resistance-rated assembly — fire barriers and fire walls — only W-rated glazing qualifies, regardless of the hourly number on an OH label. {note}
## Excluded from this standard {note}
## The following are deliberately out of scope and are governed elsewhere: {note}
−- Non-rated architectural vision glass, insulating glass units, and coated glass -- see [[sync/glazing]].
−- Non-rated storefront and entrance framing -- see [[sync/aluminum-entrances-and-storefronts]].
−- Door leaves, hollow-metal frames, and door hardware, even where the door carries a fire rating -- see [[sync/doors-frames-and-hardware]]. This standard governs only the glazed infill and its rated surround.
−- Perimeter firestop joints between the rated frame and the surrounding wall -- see [[sync/firestopping]].
−- Rated glass walls built as a curtain wall product -- see [[sync/glazed-curtain-walls]].
+- Non-rated architectural vision glass, insulating glass units, and coated glass — see [[sync/glazing]].
+- Non-rated storefront and entrance framing — see [[sync/aluminum-entrances-and-storefronts]].
+- Door leaves, hollow-metal frames, and door hardware, even where the door carries a fire rating — see [[sync/doors-frames-and-hardware]]. This standard governs only the glazed infill and its rated surround.
+- Perimeter firestop joints between the rated frame and the surrounding wall — see [[sync/firestopping]].
+- Rated glass walls built as a curtain wall product — see [[sync/glazed-curtain-walls]].
- Ballistic, blast-resistant, security, and detention glazing without a UL fire listing.
- Glass block and glass masonry-unit assemblies.
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| Standard | Title |
|----------|-------|
−| IBC Section 716 | International Building Code -- Opening Protectives |
+| IBC Section 716 | International Building Code — Opening Protectives |
| IBC Table 716.1(2) | Marking and Classification of Fire-Rated Glazing in Fire-Resistance-Rated Walls and Partitions |
| NFPA 80 | Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives |
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| ASTM E119 | Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials |
| UL 263 | Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials |
−| ANSI Z97.1 | Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings -- Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test |
+| ANSI Z97.1 | Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings — Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test |
| 16 CFR Part 1201 | Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials (CPSC) |
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## Fire-rated glazing assemblies are marked with a sequence of letter designations that the specifier must understand to schedule the product correctly: {note}
−- **W** -- meets the wall fire-resistance rating tested to ASTM E119 / UL 263 (limits radiant heat).
−- **OH** -- meets the fire-protection (fire-window) rating tested to NFPA 257 / UL 9, including the hose stream test.
−- **D** -- meets the fire-door-assembly fire-protection rating.
−- **H** -- meets the hose stream test.
−- **T** -- meets the 450 deg F temperature-rise criterion at 30 minutes for door applications.
+- **W** — meets the wall fire-resistance rating tested to ASTM E119 / UL 263 (limits radiant heat).
+- **OH** — meets the fire-protection (fire-window) rating tested to NFPA 257 / UL 9, including the hose stream test.
+- **D** — meets the fire-door-assembly fire-protection rating.
+- **H** — meets the hose stream test.
+- **T** — meets the 450°F temperature-rise criterion at 30 minutes for door applications.
## A marking is followed by the rating in minutes, for example `W-60` or `OH-45`. The full designation drives both the procurement and the code-compliance review. {note}
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### Fire-resistive (W-rated) glazing shall be provided in fire barriers and fire walls, and wherever the Contract Documents require an assembly rated to ASTM E119 / UL 263.
−### Fire-protective (OH-rated) glazing shall not be substituted for required fire-resistive (W-rated) glazing regardless of the hourly rating shown on the label.
−
−### Each rated opening shall be provided with glazing whose marking designation and rated period equal or exceed those required by IBC Table 716.1(2) for the wall containing the opening.
−
−## Glazing classification {note}
−
−## The glazing classification is the primary product decision. It is set by the wall type, not by the specifier's preference, and it determines whether the product limits radiant heat. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Glazing classification
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```
−## Required fire-protection rating {note}
+### Fire-protective (OH-rated) glazing shall not be substituted for required fire-resistive (W-rated) glazing regardless of the hourly rating shown on the label.
−## The rated period is determined by IBC Table 716.1(2) from the fire-resistance rating of the wall containing the opening. The 45-minute rating is the most common value for corridor and fire-partition windows, which is why it is the default; the project's specific wall ratings govern. {note}
+### Each rated opening shall be provided with glazing whose marking designation and rated period equal or exceed those required by IBC Table 716.1(2) for the wall containing the opening.
```datasheet
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```
−## Marking designation {note}
−
−## The marking designation is the code-compliance handle for the assembly. It must appear on the glazing schedule so that the installer, the inspector, and the Authority Having Jurisdiction read the same requirement. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Required marking designation
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```
+## Glazing classification {note}
+
+## The glazing classification is the primary product decision. It is set by the wall type, not by the specifier's preference, and it determines whether the product limits radiant heat. {note}
+
+## Required fire-protection rating {note}
+
+## The rated period is determined by IBC Table 716.1(2) from the fire-resistance rating of the wall containing the opening. The 45-minute rating is the most common value for corridor and fire-partition windows, which is why it is the default; the project's specific wall ratings govern. {note}
+
+## Marking designation {note}
+
+## The marking designation is the code-compliance handle for the assembly. It must appear on the glazing schedule so that the installer, the inspector, and the Authority Having Jurisdiction read the same requirement. {note}
+
## Hose stream requirement {note}
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options:
- Not required
− - 250 deg F max rise
− - 450 deg F max rise
+ - 250°F max rise
+ - 450°F max rise
unit: deg F
default: Not required
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# Glazing Products {toc}
−## Each glazing product shall be selected from a type whose listed assembly satisfies the required classification, rating, and marking for its opening. {note}
+## Each glazing product shall be selected from a type whose listed assembly satisfies the required classification, rating, and marking for its opening.
+```datasheet
+label: Glass product type
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Wire glass (20 min only)
+ - Ceramic glass (fire-protective)
+ - Laminated fire-resistive (monolithic)
+ - Laminated fire-resistive insulating glass unit
+default: Laminated fire-resistive (monolithic)
+```
+
## Four product families dominate the listed-assembly market, each with a distinct combination of classification, rating range, and physical form. The selection follows from the classification decision above and from the required light size. {note}
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## The glass product type follows from the classification and rating already selected. Laminated fire-resistive glazing is the default because it is the broadest-application, no-size-limit product and is increasingly the design default in occupied buildings. {note}
−```datasheet
−label: Glass product type
−type: radio
−options:
− - Wire glass (20 min only)
− - Ceramic glass (fire-protective)
− - Laminated fire-resistive (monolithic)
− - Laminated fire-resistive insulating glass unit
−default: Laminated fire-resistive (monolithic)
−```
−
## Maximum light size and glazed area {note}
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# Framing Systems {toc}
−## The framing system shall be the system listed as part of the complete tested assembly for the required classification and rating. {note}
+## The framing system shall be the system listed as part of the complete tested assembly for the required classification and rating.
+```datasheet
+label: Framing material
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Steel (hollow-metal)
+ - Steel (specialty thermally-broken profile)
+ - Aluminum (thermally-broken, listed)
+default: Steel (hollow-metal)
+```
+
## The frame is not a separate trade decision from the glass. Steel, specialty thermally-broken steel, and listed aluminum framing systems each carry their own assembly listings, and the frame profile, anchorage, and glazing method are part of what was tested. The choice of framing material is usually driven by the aesthetic match to adjacent non-rated framing and by the rating required. {note}
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## Steel framing remains the most widely listed option across the full rating range, which is why it is the default. Listed thermally-broken aluminum framing is selected where the design wants a storefront aesthetic at the rated opening and a listed aluminum assembly exists for the required rating. {note}
−```datasheet
−label: Framing material
−type: radio
−options:
− - Steel (hollow-metal)
− - Steel (specialty thermally-broken profile)
− - Aluminum (thermally-broken, listed)
−default: Steel (hollow-metal)
−```
−
## Framing finish {note}
## The frame finish is an architectural selection coordinated with adjacent doors and storefronts. It does not affect the listing provided the finish system is one accepted by the assembly listing. {note}
+## The steel framing finish shall be specified, coordinated with adjacent doors and storefronts and limited to finish systems accepted by the assembly listing.
+
```datasheet
label: Steel framing finish
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```
+## The aluminum framing finish shall be specified, coordinated with adjacent doors and storefronts and limited to finish systems accepted by the assembly listing.
+
```datasheet
label: Aluminum framing finish
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## The visible frame width (sightline) is selected to coordinate with adjacent non-rated framing. The value below covers common listed steel and aluminum profiles; the specific listed profile governs. {note}
+## The frame face width (sightline) shall be specified to coordinate with adjacent non-rated framing, subject to the profile available under the governing listed assembly.
+
```datasheet
label: Frame face width (sightline)
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## Glazing infill method {note}
−## The glazing method -- the tapes, setting blocks, glazing stops, and any intumescent glazing materials -- is part of the listed assembly. Substituting a glazing compound or tape outside the listing voids the assembly just as substituting the glass or frame does. {note}
+## The glazing method — the tapes, setting blocks, glazing stops, and any intumescent glazing materials — is part of the listed assembly. Substituting a glazing compound or tape outside the listing voids the assembly just as substituting the glass or frame does. {note}
### Glazing tapes, setting blocks, glazing stops, and intumescent glazing materials shall be those specified by the listed assembly.
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# Glazed Door Lites {toc}
−## Glazing within a fire-rated door leaf shall carry a door-assembly listing, not a window-assembly listing. {note}
+## Glazing within a fire-rated door leaf shall carry a door-assembly listing, not a window-assembly listing.
## A vision lite set into a fire door leaf is tested as part of a door assembly under UL 10B, UL 10C, or NFPA 252, not as a window under UL 9. The glazing product, the lite frame (door light kit), and the door leaf must all be part of the same door-assembly listing. This standard governs only the glazed infill and its lite frame; the door leaf, hollow-metal frame, and hardware are governed by [[sync/doors-frames-and-hardware]]. {note}
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# Safety Glazing {toc}
−## Fire-rated glazing in a hazardous location shall simultaneously meet the applicable safety-glazing standard and carry both the fire-rating and safety-glazing labels. {note}
+## Fire-rated glazing in a hazardous location shall simultaneously meet the applicable safety-glazing standard and carry both the fire-rating and safety-glazing labels.
−## Hazardous locations under IBC Section 2406 -- within 24 inches of a door, low sidelights, and floor-level panels -- require impact-rated safety glazing. Not all fire-rated products are also impact-safety rated, so the glazing schedule must call out both labels (for example, `OH-60 + ANSI Z97.1 Class A`); otherwise the installer will not know that both certifications are required, and a fire-only product may be installed where safety glazing is mandatory. {note}
+## Hazardous locations under IBC Section 2406 — within 24 inches of a door, low sidelights, and floor-level panels — require impact-rated safety glazing. Not all fire-rated products are also impact-safety rated, so the glazing schedule must call out both labels (for example, `OH-60 + ANSI Z97.1 Class A`); otherwise the installer will not know that both certifications are required, and a fire-only product may be installed where safety glazing is mandatory. {note}
### Fire-rated glazing in a hazardous location shall comply with ANSI Z97.1 and 16 CFR Part 1201.
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### The glazing schedule shall state both the fire designation and the required safety-glazing certification for each lite in a hazardous location.
−## Safety-glazing certification {note}
−
−## The safety-glazing certification class is selected by the hazardous-location condition. Class A (the higher impact category) is the conservative default for fire-rated glazing in hazardous locations because many fire-rated products are tested to it. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Safety-glazing certification (hazardous locations)
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```
+## Safety-glazing certification {note}
+
+## The safety-glazing certification class is selected by the hazardous-location condition. Class A (the higher impact category) is the conservative default for fire-rated glazing in hazardous locations because many fire-rated products are tested to it. {note}
+
# Thermal Performance {toc}
−## Where energy-code compliance is required at an exterior rated opening, an insulating-glass fire-rated assembly shall be provided. {note}
+## Where energy-code compliance is required at an exterior rated opening, an insulating-glass fire-rated assembly shall be provided.
## Single-lite ceramic and monolithic fire-resistive glazing have very poor thermal performance, with U-factors commonly between 0.8 and 1.2. At exterior openings subject to energy-code envelope requirements, a fire-rated insulating glass unit (W-rated or OH-rated, thermally-broken) is required to meet the U-factor target. These specialty IGU assemblies have long lead times that must be reflected in the project schedule. {note}
### Fire-rated glazing at an exterior opening subject to energy-code envelope requirements shall be provided as a thermally-broken insulating glass unit meeting the required U-factor.
−### The thermal performance of an exterior fire-rated assembly shall be verified for the complete assembly, including the framing thermal break, not the glass alone.
−
−## Assembly U-factor {note}
−
−## The U-factor requirement applies only at exterior rated openings. The default reflects a typical fire-rated insulating glass unit; the project energy model governs the required value. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Maximum assembly U-factor (exterior openings)
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```
+### The thermal performance of an exterior fire-rated assembly shall be verified for the complete assembly, including the framing thermal break, not the glass alone.
+
+## Assembly U-factor {note}
+
+## The U-factor requirement applies only at exterior rated openings. The default reflects a typical fire-rated insulating glass unit; the project energy model governs the required value. {note}
+
# Installation {toc}
−## Each assembly shall be installed in strict accordance with the installation instructions of its listed assembly. {note}
+## Each assembly shall be installed in strict accordance with the installation instructions of its listed assembly.
## The installation method is part of the tested assembly. The anchorage spacing, the glazing-bite dimension, the setting-block placement, and the clearances are all defined by the listing; deviating from them voids the rating just as substituting the glass would. {note}
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## Fire-rated glazing meets several adjacent trades whose work defines its opening and its rating continuity. {note}
−### The rated opening shall be coordinated with the surrounding wall assembly so that the wall framing and substrate match the conditions of the listed assembly -- see [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]].
+### The rated opening shall be coordinated with the surrounding wall assembly so that the wall framing and substrate match the conditions of the listed assembly — see [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]].
−### Glazed lites within fire-rated door leaves shall be coordinated with the door and frame work so that the door-assembly listing is maintained -- see [[sync/doors-frames-and-hardware]].
+### Glazed lites within fire-rated door leaves shall be coordinated with the door and frame work so that the door-assembly listing is maintained — see [[sync/doors-frames-and-hardware]].
−### Fire-rated glass walls constructed as a curtain-wall product shall be coordinated with the curtain-wall framing so that the rated assembly listing is maintained -- see [[sync/glazed-curtain-walls]].
+### Fire-rated glass walls constructed as a curtain-wall product shall be coordinated with the curtain-wall framing so that the rated assembly listing is maintained — see [[sync/glazed-curtain-walls]].
# Field Testing and Inspection {toc}
−## Each installed assembly shall be inspected to confirm that it matches its listed assembly and retains a legible fire-rating label. {note}
+## Each installed assembly shall be inspected to confirm that it matches its listed assembly and retains a legible fire-rating label.
## Because the rating depends on the as-installed condition, a field inspection verifies that no substitution occurred during construction, that the perimeter firestop joint is complete, and that every label remains legible. {note}
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# Cleaning and Protection {toc}
−## Installed fire-rated glazing shall be protected and cleaned without damaging the rated assembly. {note}
+## Installed fire-rated glazing shall be protected and cleaned without damaging the rated assembly.
## Some fire-rated products have surface films or coatings that can be damaged by abrasive cleaners or sharp tools. Cleaning must use only agents and methods compatible with the specific product so the rating and clarity are preserved. {note}
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# Warranty {toc}
−## The Contractor shall provide manufacturer warranties for the glazing and framing. {note}
+## The Contractor shall provide manufacturer warranties for the glazing and framing.
## The warranty period for fire-rated glazing and framing reflects standard architectural glazing practice; insulating glass units carry a separate seal warranty against fogging. {note}
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default: 20 years
```