Applied Fireproofing
Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
Showing changes from Rev 3
to Rev 4
in Applied Fireproofing.
---
title: Applied Fireproofing
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## Closeout Submittals {toc}
−### Provide the following closeout submittals at substantial completion: {note}
+### Provide the following closeout submittals at substantial completion:
- As-installed fireproofing thickness records identifying each structural element by its drawing mark, reporting the actual measured thickness, density (where measured), and cohesion/adhesion (where measured) for each tested location, organized by floor and area
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### The International Building Code (Chapter 17) requires special inspection of applied fireproofing in buildings of certain construction types and occupancy classifications, including most Type I-A, I-B, II-A, and high-rise construction. {note}
+### Whether third-party special inspection of applied fireproofing is required by code or contract shall be specified for the project.
+
```datasheet
label: Third-Party Special Inspection Required
…16 unchanged lines
### Intumescent coatings typically require ambient temperatures from 50 °F (10 °C) to 95 °F (35 °C) and relative humidity below 85% during application and cure. {note}
+### SFRM and IFRM products shall be applied only when ambient and substrate temperatures, relative humidity, and substrate moisture content fall within the ranges published by the manufacturer.
+
```datasheet
label: Minimum Ambient Temperature During Application
…18 unchanged lines
```
−### SFRM and IFRM products shall be applied only when ambient and substrate temperatures, relative humidity, and substrate moisture content fall within the ranges published by the manufacturer.
−
### The Contractor shall verify the published limits for each product and shall provide temporary heat, dehumidification, ventilation, or shade as necessary to maintain acceptable conditions for the duration of cure.
…12 unchanged lines
### Ventilation shall provide a minimum of four air changes per hour during application and at least one air change per hour for the duration of cure as specified by the manufacturer.
−#### Inadequate ventilation is a frequent cause of soft, friable, low-density SFRM that fails cohesion/adhesion testing and must be removed and reapplied. {note}
+#### Inadequate ventilation is a frequent cause of soft, friable, low-density SFRM that fails cohesion/adhesion testing and must be removed and reapplied.
## Protection of Installed Fireproofing {toc}
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### IFRM products are classified similarly, with thin-film intumescent coatings rated as interior, exterior, or weathering-grade depending on the topcoat system and the manufacturer's testing. {note}
+### The product selected for each substrate location shall match the service environment at that location.
+
```datasheet
label: Service Environment Classification
…8 unchanged lines
```
−### The product selected for each substrate location shall match the service environment at that location.
−
### Interior products applied at exterior locations — even temporarily, during construction — will degrade and fail. {note}
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### Mastic intumescent coatings — heavier-bodied trowel or spray applications — are selected for higher ratings (typically 2 hours and above) on exposed exterior or industrial steel. {note}
+### The fireproofing material family shall be specified based on the required fire-resistance rating and the exposure condition of the steel.
+
```datasheet
label: Fireproofing Material Family
…24 unchanged lines
### SFRM products are commonly categorized by density into low-density, medium-density, and high-density formulations. {note}
+### Where SFRM is the selected material, the density category shall be specified based on the exposure and impact condition of the steel.
+
```datasheet
label: SFRM Density Category
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### The Architect of Record establishes the rating for each element on the contract documents; this standard governs how the rating is achieved through applied fireproofing. {note}
+### The required fire-resistance rating shall be specified for each element as established by the Architect of Record on the contract documents.
+
```datasheet
label: Required Fire-Resistance Rating
…14 unchanged lines
### The UL design is the unit of acceptance — the design number defines the substrate, the product, the section geometry, the rating, and the required applied thickness as a complete tested system. {note}
−```datasheet
−label: UL Design Number
−type: text
−drawing_ref: true
−default: ""
−```
+### The design listing agency shall be specified for the fireproofing system, and the cited design shall define the complete tested substrate, product, geometry, rating, and applied thickness.
```datasheet
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### For every structural element to be protected, a specific UL Fire Resistance Directory design shall be cited in the thickness schedule.
+```datasheet
+label: UL Design Number
+type: text
+drawing_ref: true
+default: ""
+```
+
### The Contractor shall not interpolate between designs, shall not substitute substrates within a design, and shall not adjust applied thickness below the design minimum based on field judgment.
…4 unchanged lines
### UL designs list applied thickness as a function of W/D, often with a controlling minimum-W/D condition that defines the lightest section the design is tested for. {note}
+### The Contractor shall calculate the W/D ratio for each beam and column type protected and shall include the calculated value in the thickness schedule.
+
```datasheet
label: Member W/D Ratio (Wide-Flange Sections)
…8 unchanged lines
```
−### The Contractor shall calculate the W/D ratio for each beam and column type protected and shall include the calculated value in the thickness schedule.
−
### Where a UL design lists a thickness only for a controlling minimum W/D, that thickness shall apply to all sections in the design with W/D at or above the listed minimum unless the design provides a thickness adjustment formula.
…3 unchanged lines
### UL designs for HSS sections list applied thickness as a function of A/P. {note}
+### The Contractor shall calculate the A/P ratio for each HSS column and brace protected.
+
```datasheet
label: Member A/P Ratio (HSS Sections)
…8 unchanged lines
```
−### The Contractor shall calculate the A/P ratio for each HSS column and brace protected.
−
## Applied Dry Thickness {toc}
### The applied thickness is the dry, cured thickness measured per ASTM E605. {note}
### The wet-applied thickness during application will be greater than the dry thickness due to water release during cure for cementitious products. {note}
+### The applied dry thickness for each element shall match the value listed in the cited UL design for that element's W/D or A/P ratio.
+
```datasheet
label: Required Applied Dry Thickness (Per UL Design)
…8 unchanged lines
```
−### The applied dry thickness for each element shall match the value listed in the cited UL design for that element's W/D or A/P ratio.
−
### The Contractor shall determine the required thickness for every element type and shall record it in the fireproofing thickness schedule.
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### The default minimum required by IBC Section 1705.14 is 150 psf for cementitious SFRM and 150 psf for most mineral-fiber SFRM in buildings 75 feet and below in height; higher thresholds (typically 430 psf) apply in high-rise buildings and where required by the controlling jurisdiction. {note}
+### The cohesion/adhesion of installed SFRM shall meet or exceed the minimum required by the project's UL designs and by AWCI Technical Manual 12-A, tested in accordance with ASTM E736.
+
```datasheet
label: Required Minimum Cohesion/Adhesion (ASTM E736)
…8 unchanged lines
```
−### The cohesion/adhesion of installed SFRM shall meet or exceed the minimum required by the project's UL designs and by AWCI Technical Manual 12-A, tested in accordance with ASTM E736.
−
### Where cohesion/adhesion tests fail in a representative sample, the affected area shall be removed and reapplied with the cause of failure identified and corrected.
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### Galvanized deck substrates require an SFRM product tested over galvanized steel; not all SFRM products are listed for this condition, and the Contractor shall verify compatibility before application.
−# Application {toc}
+# Application Method {toc}
−## Application Method {toc}
+## Wet-mix products are pumped through a hose to a spray nozzle where the material is atomized and applied. {note}
+## Dry-mix products are conveyed through a hose under air pressure and mixed with water at the nozzle. {note}
−### Wet-mix products are pumped through a hose to a spray nozzle where the material is atomized and applied. {note}
−### Dry-mix products are conveyed through a hose under air pressure and mixed with water at the nozzle. {note}
+## SFRM shall be applied by pneumatic spray equipment of the type and configuration required by the manufacturer.
```datasheet
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### SFRM shall be applied by pneumatic spray equipment of the type and configuration required by the manufacturer.
+## The Contractor shall use the manufacturer-specified equipment, nozzle configuration, mix water rate, and spray pressure; deviations from the manufacturer's published procedure can produce densities and cohesions outside the tested range.
−### The Contractor shall use the manufacturer-specified equipment, nozzle configuration, mix water rate, and spray pressure; deviations from the manufacturer's published procedure can produce densities and cohesions outside the tested range.
+## IFRM shall be applied by airless spray, conventional spray, brush, or roller as specified by the manufacturer for the product.
−### IFRM shall be applied by airless spray, conventional spray, brush, or roller as specified by the manufacturer for the product.
+## Wet-film thickness shall be measured during application with a calibrated comb gauge to confirm that the target dry-film thickness will be achieved after cure.
−### Wet-film thickness shall be measured during application with a calibrated comb gauge to confirm that the target dry-film thickness will be achieved after cure.
+### Spray application is the standard for production work; brush and roller are used for cut-in work and for patching. {note}
−#### Spray application is the standard for production work; brush and roller are used for cut-in work and for patching. {note}
+# Multiple Coats {toc}
−## Multiple Coats {toc}
−
```datasheet
label: Number of Coats Anticipated
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```
−### SFRM may be applied in a single coat or in multiple coats depending on the total thickness required and the manufacturer's specifications.
+## SFRM may be applied in a single coat or in multiple coats depending on the total thickness required and the manufacturer's specifications.
−### SFRM coats shall be applied before the prior coat has cured to a tack-free condition that prevents intercoat bond, unless the manufacturer specifies an intercoat delay.
+## SFRM coats shall be applied before the prior coat has cured to a tack-free condition that prevents intercoat bond, unless the manufacturer specifies an intercoat delay.
−### The manufacturer's maximum single-coat thickness shall be observed.
+## The manufacturer's maximum single-coat thickness shall be observed.
−#### Excess single-coat thickness in some products causes sagging, slumping, or loss of cohesion as the coat cures. {note}
+### Excess single-coat thickness in some products causes sagging, slumping, or loss of cohesion as the coat cures. {note}
−### IFRM is typically applied in multiple coats with intercoat dry times specified by the manufacturer.
+## IFRM is typically applied in multiple coats with intercoat dry times specified by the manufacturer.
−### The maximum single-coat wet-film thickness for thin-film IFRM is typically 20 to 40 wet mils, with several coats required to build to the total DFT.
+## The maximum single-coat wet-film thickness for thin-film IFRM is typically 20 to 40 wet mils, with several coats required to build to the total DFT.
−### Insufficient intercoat dry time produces solvent entrapment, blistering, and poor cohesion that will fail field inspection. {note}
+## Insufficient intercoat dry time produces solvent entrapment, blistering, and poor cohesion that will fail field inspection. {note}
−## Application to Beams and Columns {toc}
+# Application to Beams and Columns {toc}
−### Beams shall be sprayed to encapsulate all four sides of the flange and web.
+## Beams shall be sprayed to encapsulate all four sides of the flange and web.
−### Columns shall be sprayed on all sides to the full perimeter; columns embedded in walls shall be sprayed before the wall is constructed.
+## Columns shall be sprayed on all sides to the full perimeter; columns embedded in walls shall be sprayed before the wall is constructed.
−### Box columns, built-up columns, and HSS columns shall be sprayed on all exterior surfaces.
+## Box columns, built-up columns, and HSS columns shall be sprayed on all exterior surfaces.
−### Stiffeners, connection plates, gusset plates, and other appurtenances within the heated area shall be coated to the same thickness as the parent member.
+## Stiffeners, connection plates, gusset plates, and other appurtenances within the heated area shall be coated to the same thickness as the parent member.
−## Application to Underside of Composite Deck {toc}
+# Application to Underside of Composite Deck {toc}
−### The underside of composite deck and the supporting beams shall be coated continuously, with the SFRM applied to fill the ribs of the deck profile where required by the UL design.
+## The underside of composite deck and the supporting beams shall be coated continuously, with the SFRM applied to fill the ribs of the deck profile where required by the UL design.
−#### The deck profile and rib geometry are part of the UL design — substituting a different deck profile invalidates the design even if the deck weight and span are equivalent. {note}
+### The deck profile and rib geometry are part of the UL design — substituting a different deck profile invalidates the design even if the deck weight and span are equivalent. {note}
−## Application to Concrete {toc}
+# Application to Concrete {toc}
−### SFRM applied to concrete shall fully cover the substrate to the required thickness, with no thin spots, voids, or skips.
+## SFRM applied to concrete shall fully cover the substrate to the required thickness, with no thin spots, voids, or skips.
−### Where SFRM is applied to soffits of cast-in-place concrete slabs, the substrate shall be clean and the surface texture shall be receptive to the SFRM.
+## Where SFRM is applied to soffits of cast-in-place concrete slabs, the substrate shall be clean and the surface texture shall be receptive to the SFRM.
−## Cutting in at Edges and Penetrations {toc}
+# Cutting in at Edges and Penetrations {toc}
−### The fireproofing shall be continuous at all edges, ends of members, connection plates, and penetrations.
+## The fireproofing shall be continuous at all edges, ends of members, connection plates, and penetrations.
−### Penetrations through the protected member, through the soffit, or through the protected wall shall be cut in cleanly with the firestop or sleeve in place; the firestop scope (see [[sync/firestopping]]) governs the seal around the penetration.
+## Penetrations through the protected member, through the soffit, or through the protected wall shall be cut in cleanly with the firestop or sleeve in place; the firestop scope (see [[sync/firestopping]]) governs the seal around the penetration.
−### The fireproofing applicator shall coordinate with the firestop applicator so that fireproofing is continuous to the firestop boundary and is not damaged or interrupted by subsequent firestopping work.
+## The fireproofing applicator shall coordinate with the firestop applicator so that fireproofing is continuous to the firestop boundary and is not damaged or interrupted by subsequent firestopping work.
# Field Verification {toc}
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### A measurement is the average of multiple readings at a sampling location, and a sampling location is one of multiple locations along a member. {note}
+### The thickness sampling frequency shall be specified as the AWCI 12-A minimum or a project-specific frequency directed by the special inspector.
+
```datasheet
label: AWCI 12-A Thickness Sampling Frequency
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#### Cementitious products are damaged by exposure to moisture. {note}
−#### Water-based intumescents are damaged by freezing; solvent-based products generally tolerate freezing but shall not be applied below the manufacturer's minimum application temperature. {note}
+#### Water-based intumescents are damaged by freezing; solvent-based products generally tolerate freezing but shall not be applied below the manufacturer's minimum application temperature.
## Handling {toc}
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### The Contractor shall document any conditions observed during application that may affect the durability or performance of installed fireproofing and shall bring them to the Architect's attention before completing the work.