Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
---
title: Intrusion Detection Systems
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| NFPA 70 (NEC) Article 725 | Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits |
| NFPA 70 (NEC) Article 760 | Fire Alarm Systems |
−| IEC 60839-11-1 | Alarm and Electronic Security Systems — Electronic Access Control Systems: System and Components Requirements |
+| UL 1610 | Central-Station Burglar-Alarm Units |
+| UL 1635 | Digital Alarm Communicator System Units |
+| UL 365 | Police Station Connected Burglar Alarm Units and Systems |
+| ANSI/SIA CP-01 | Control Panel Standard — Features for False Alarm Reduction |
# Submittals {toc}
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- Communication path diagram (primary + secondary)
- UL 827 central-station listing certification
+default:
+ - Product data (panel, devices, arming stations, power supplies)
+ - Shop drawings (device locations, coverage, routing)
+ - Zone schedule (type, partition, response type, EOLR value)
+ - Battery backup calculation (UL 681)
+ - Communication path diagram (primary + secondary)
+ - UL 827 central-station listing certification
```
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- Maintenance and inspection schedule
- Owner training record
+default:
+ - As-built drawings
+ - Operation and maintenance manuals
+ - Commissioning / walk-test report
+ - Maintenance and inspection schedule
+ - Owner training record
```
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- RF site survey (wireless designs)
- False-alarm management plan
+default:
+ - Installer qualifications and certifications
+ - False-alarm management plan
```
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## Where the facility is a government or defense-contractor site protecting classified or sensitive material, the system shall additionally comply with UL 2050.
−## A single party shall be designated responsible for the security basis of design. {note}
+## A single party shall be designated responsible for the security basis of design.
−## Where an owner engages a security consultant separate from the Engineer of Record, the consultant's basis of design and the Engineer's specification shall be reconciled in writing before bidding to avoid conflicting requirements. {note}
+## Where an owner engages a security consultant separate from the Engineer of Record, the consultant's basis of design and the Engineer's specification shall be reconciled in writing before bidding to avoid conflicting requirements.
# System Grade and Protection Level {toc}
## System grade defines tamper resistance, line supervision, and monitoring-response requirements. UL Grade 2 is the commercial baseline; UL Grade 3 adds balanced/biased line supervision and tamper-evident construction for high-security applications. {note}
−## The system grade shall be selected to match the facility's risk and any insurance or AHJ mandate, and shall not be downgraded by substitution without Engineer approval.
+## The system grade shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
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```
−## The protection strategy shall combine perimeter, interior, and volumetric protection as appropriate to each space.
+## The system grade shall match the facility's risk assessment and any insurance carrier or AHJ mandate, and shall not be downgraded by substitution without written Engineer approval.
−### Perimeter (first-line) protection guards doors, operable windows, and glazing at the building envelope so that an intrusion is detected at the point of entry before the intruder reaches protected assets. {note}
+## The protection strategy provided shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−### Interior trap protection places motion detectors along corridors, stairwells, and choke points an intruder must traverse, catching anyone who defeats the perimeter. {note}
−
−### Volumetric protection provides full-room motion coverage of vaults, server rooms, pharmacies, and other high-value spaces. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Protection strategy (select all that apply)
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```
+### Perimeter (first-line) protection guards doors, operable windows, and glazing at the building envelope so that an intrusion is detected at the point of entry before the intruder reaches protected assets. {note}
+
+### Interior trap protection places motion detectors along corridors, stairwells, and choke points an intruder must traverse, catching anyone who defeats the perimeter. {note}
+
+### Volumetric protection provides full-room motion coverage of vaults, server rooms, pharmacies, and other high-value spaces. {note}
+
# Control Panel and Communicator {toc}
## The control panel shall provide supervised zone inputs, partition (area) management, programmable response types, event logging, and one or more communication paths to the central station.
−## Zone capacity shall be sized to the device count with a minimum of 25% spare zone capacity at the time of commissioning.
+## The control panel zone capacity shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## Panels routinely fill during phased occupancy; specifying exact device count without spare capacity forces a panel replacement or expander purchase at the first tenant fit-out. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Zone capacity (control panel)
type: radio
+drawing_ref: "zone schedule"
options:
- 8 zones (small retail / tenant suite)
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- 128 zones (institutional)
- 256+ zones (enterprise / campus)
−default: 64 zones (large commercial)
+default: deferred
```
+## Zone capacity shall be sized to the installed device count plus the spare capacity indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Minimum spare zone capacity at commissioning
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```
−## The system shall be partitioned to isolate independently armed areas such as tenant spaces, after-hours zones, and 24-hour-protected rooms.
+## Panels routinely fill during phased occupancy; specifying exact device count without spare capacity forces a panel replacement or expander purchase at the first tenant fit-out. {note}
+## The number of partitions (independently armed areas) shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Number of partitions (areas)
type: range
unit: partitions
+drawing_ref: "zone schedule"
min: 1
max: 32
step: 1
−default: 4
+default: deferred
```
−## Zone architecture shall be selected for the device density, building construction, and future expandability of the project.
+## The system shall be partitioned to isolate independently armed areas such as tenant spaces, after-hours zones, and 24-hour-protected rooms.
−### Hardwired zones run a dedicated supervised conductor pair to each device; they are the most robust but require the most cable. {note}
+## The zone architecture shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−### A polling (multiplex) loop carries hundreds of supervised addressable devices over a two-conductor data loop, suited to high-rise and campus installations. {note}
−
−### Wireless RF zones use battery-powered sensors with no home-run cable, suited to retrofit where cabling is impractical, subject to an RF site survey. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Zone architecture
…7 unchanged lines
```
+### Hardwired zones run a dedicated supervised conductor pair to each device; they are the most robust but require the most cable, and remain the baseline for new construction where the pathways are being built anyway. {note}
+
+### A polling (multiplex) loop carries hundreds of supervised addressable devices over a two-conductor data loop, suited to high-rise and campus installations. {note}
+
+### Wireless RF zones use battery-powered sensors with no home-run cable, suited to retrofit where cabling is impractical, subject to an RF site survey. {note}
+
# Communication and Signal Transmission {toc}
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## The primary IP path shall use TLS-encrypted transmission to the central station.
−## The maximum signal-transmission time from alarm to central-station receipt shall not exceed 60 seconds per UL 827.
−
## The communication paths shall be supervised, and loss of any path shall be reported as a trouble condition.
+## The communication path configuration shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Communication path configuration
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- Dual-path IP + cellular LTE
- Dual-path IP + long-range radio
− - Triple-path IP + cellular + radio (critical-infrastructure only)
+ - Triple-path IP + cellular + radio for critical infrastructure
default: Dual-path IP + cellular LTE
```
+## The maximum signal-transmission time from alarm to central-station receipt shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Maximum signal transmission time to central station
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```
+## Where UL 827 Listed central-station monitoring is indicated, the signal-transmission time shall not exceed the 60 seconds permitted by UL 827.
+
# Detection Devices {toc}
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## Passive-infrared detectors shall be provided for general interior trap and volumetric coverage in thermally stable spaces.
+## The passive-infrared detector coverage pattern shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: PIR detector coverage pattern
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```
+## The passive-infrared detector mounting height shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: PIR mounting height
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### Relying on door contacts alone leaves large storefront and curtain-wall glazing unprotected; an intruder can breach the glass without ever opening a contacted door. {note}
+## The glass-break detector coverage radius shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Glass-break detector coverage radius
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### High-security (Grade 3) openings shall use balanced magnetic switches that detect external magnet defeat attempts rather than plain reed contacts.
+## The door and window contact type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Door/window contact type
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## EOLR values differ between panel manufacturers; omitting the specified value lets a substituted contractor install a mismatched resistor, producing nuisance zone faults that are mistaken for device failures. {note}
−## The end-of-line resistor value shall be specified and shall match the control panel's supervision requirement.
+## The end-of-line resistor value shall be as indicated in the datasheet and shall match the control panel's supervision requirement.
```datasheet
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- "4.7 kΩ"
- Dual EOL (alarm + tamper)
−default: "2.2 kΩ"
+default: manufacturer
```
+## The EOLR value is fixed by the control panel the Contractor furnishes, so the field starts in the manufacturer's-standard state; no value is correct across panel lines. {note}
+
+## The Contractor shall record the manufacturer's required EOLR value on the zone schedule submittal, and the installed resistors shall match that value.
+
## All enclosures, including the control panel, power supply, annunciators, and exterior-mounted devices, shall be fitted with tamper switches reporting cover removal.
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## A 4-hour battery satisfies code but may be inadequate for higher-criticality facilities. {note}
+## The secondary battery standby duration shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Secondary battery standby duration
−type: radio
+type: range
+unit: hours
options:
− - 4 hours (code minimum)
− - 8 hours (commercial default)
− - 24 hours (high-security / critical)
−default: 8 hours (commercial default)
+ min: 4
+ max: 24
+ setpoints: [4, 8, 24]
+default: 8
```
−## The battery shall be sized per UL 681 from quiescent current times standby hours plus alarm current times alarm duration, and the sealed lead-acid capacity shall be selected accordingly.
+## The standby battery capacity shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
label: Standby battery capacity (sealed lead-acid)
−type: select
+type: range
unit: Ah
options:
− - "7"
− - "12"
− - "18"
− - "26"
−default: "12"
+ min: 7
+ max: 40
+ setpoints: [7, 12, 18, 26, 40]
```
+## The battery shall be sized per UL 681 from quiescent current times standby hours plus alarm current times alarm duration, and the capacity indicated in the datasheet shall equal or exceed the calculated value.
+
+## Battery capacity follows from the device count, the panel's quiescent draw, and the selected standby duration, so no capacity is correct before the backup calculation is performed and the field carries no default. {note}
+
## Low-battery and AC-loss conditions shall be supervised and reported to the central station as supervisory signals.
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## At least one arming station shall be located at each primary entrance serving a partition, positioned within the entry-delay path.
+## The arming station type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Arming station type
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## Entry and exit delays shall be programmed to allow authorized users to reach an arming station without triggering an alarm while minimizing the window available to an intruder.
+## The entry delay shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Entry delay
type: range
unit: s
−min: 30
+min: 15
max: 60
step: 15
default: 30
```
+## The exit delay shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Exit delay
type: range
unit: s
−min: 45
−max: 90
+min: 30
+max: 120
step: 15
default: 60
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## ADA-compliant strobes shall be provided where visual notification is required for accessibility.
+## The annunciation configuration shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Annunciation configuration
type: radio
options:
− - Local sounder/strobe only
+ - Local sounder and strobe, no off-premises reporting
- Local + central-station reporting
- Local + central station + direct police connect
default: Local + central-station reporting
```
+## The interior sounder output shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Interior sounder output
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## Specifying a system as "monitored" without mandating a UL 827 listing permits lower-tier monitoring that may fail insurance or AHJ requirements. {note}
−## Monitoring shall be provided by a UL 827 Listed central station unless proprietary owner-operated monitoring meeting equivalent staffing and redundancy is approved in writing.
+## The monitoring service shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## The central station shall acknowledge and act on received alarms within the response-time service level established for the facility.
−
−## Verified-alarm protocol using video or audio cross-verification should be specified where the jurisdiction requires verification before police dispatch.
−
```datasheet
label: Monitoring service
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```
+## Monitoring shall be provided by a UL 827 Listed central station unless the datasheet indicates proprietary owner-operated or self-monitoring and that alternative is approved in writing by the Owner, the Owner's insurance carrier, and the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
+
+## Self-monitoring by mobile application carries no staffed response, no redundancy, and no UL certificate, and will not satisfy an insurance carrier that requires certificated service; it is retained as an option for owner-occupied facilities that accept that trade deliberately. {note}
+
+## The central-station alarm response time shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Central-station alarm response time (SLA)
−type: select
+type: range
unit: s
options:
− - "30"
− - "60"
− - "90"
− - "120"
−default: "60"
+ min: 30
+ max: 120
+ setpoints: [30, 60, 90, 120]
+default: 60
```
+## The central station shall acknowledge and act on received alarms within the response time indicated in the datasheet.
+
+## Verified-alarm protocol using video or audio cross-verification should be specified where the jurisdiction requires verification before police dispatch.
+
# Integration with Other Systems {toc}
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## Alarm events should be correlated with recorded video at the head-end to support alarm verification and post-event review.
+## The system integration scope shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: System integration scope (select all that apply)
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## Plenum-rated (CMP) cable shall be provided where required by NEC Article 725 and the building occupancy. Detailed low-voltage cable scheduling is governed by [[sync/structured-cabling]]. {note}
+## The zone and keypad cable type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Zone and keypad cable
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## Entry and exit delays shall be verified against the programmed values for each partition.
+## The commissioning tests performed shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Commissioning tests (select all that apply)
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## Without an owner protocol for delay optimization and user training, false-alarm rates exceed jurisdictional thresholds, triggering fines and, in some jurisdictions, loss of police response. {note}
−## The false-alarm rate shall not exceed 1 per 30-day period per partition; exceeding this threshold shall trigger a mandatory technical evaluation.
+## The false-alarm threshold per partition shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## The Contractor shall deliver a false-alarm management plan and shall train owner personnel on correct arming, disarming, and delay use.
−
```datasheet
label: False-alarm threshold (per partition)
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```
+## Exceeding the false-alarm threshold indicated in the datasheet shall trigger a mandatory technical evaluation of the affected partition.
+
+## The Contractor shall deliver a false-alarm management plan and shall train owner personnel on correct arming, disarming, and delay use.
+
# Maintenance and Inspection {toc}
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## An automatic supervisory communication test shall be transmitted to the central station not less than monthly to confirm path integrity.
+## The periodic inspection and walk-test frequency shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Periodic inspection / walk-test frequency
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```
+## The automatic supervisory signal interval shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Automatic supervisory signal interval
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# Warranty {toc}
−## The Contractor shall warrant the complete intrusion detection system against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of not less than one year from the date of Substantial Completion.
+## The Contractor shall warrant the complete intrusion detection system against defects in materials and workmanship for the period indicated in the datasheet, measured from the date of Substantial Completion and in no case less than one year.
−## The warranty shall include parts, labor, and reprogramming necessary to correct covered defects.
−
−## Manufacturer warranties on control panels and detection devices shall be assigned to the Owner where they extend beyond the contractor warranty period.
−
```datasheet
label: System warranty period
−type: radio
+type: range
+unit: years
options:
− - 1 year
− - 2 years
− - 3 years
−default: 2 years
+ min: 1
+ max: 3
+ setpoints: [1, 2, 3]
+default: 1
```
+## The warranty shall include parts, labor, and reprogramming necessary to correct covered defects.
+
+## Manufacturer warranties on control panels and detection devices shall be assigned to the Owner where they extend beyond the contractor warranty period.
+
# Spare Parts {toc}
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default: 2
```