+---
+title: Common Work Results for Masonry
+category: Structural / Masonry
+toc_depth: 3
+description: >
+ When to use: the shared materials, installation requirements, and quality provisions
+ that apply across all unit masonry and masonry veneer on a project — mortar and grout
+ materials and placement, accessories (ties, anchors, flashing, weep holes, joint
+ reinforcement, joint fillers), embedded items, workmanship, construction tolerances,
+ cold- and hot-weather protection, cleaning, and field quality control including
+ special inspections. This parent umbrella flows down to all subordinate masonry
+ sections and need not be repeated there. Applies to commercial, institutional,
+ industrial, and residential unit masonry and masonry veneer work.
+ Not intended for: mortar/grout proportioning and mix design (sync/masonry-mortar-and-grout);
+ CMU unit properties (sync/concrete-masonry-units); brick unit selection (sync/brick-masonry);
+ structural masonry design and reinforcement (sync/unit-masonry); veneer tie/anchor design
+ and air-gap requirements (sync/masonry-anchorage-and-veneer); special-inspection program
+ setup and agency qualifications (sync/special-inspections-and-testing); exterior joint
+ sealants and backer rods (sync/exterior-weather-sealants); post-installed epoxy anchoring
+ (sync/epoxy-grouting-and-anchoring); and fire-rated masonry assembly designs
+ (sync/fire-rated-wall-and-floor-assemblies).
+---
+
+# Scope {toc}
+
+## This standard establishes the common work results for masonry — the materials, accessories, workmanship, and quality provisions shared by every unit masonry and masonry veneer scope on the project. {note}
+
+## This standard is a parent umbrella; its requirements flow down to all subordinate masonry sections (concrete masonry units, brick masonry, structural unit masonry, and masonry veneer). {note}
+
+## Requirements of this standard shall not be restated in subordinate masonry sections.
+
+## Mortar and grout proportioning, mix design, and material testing are governed by [[sync/masonry-mortar-and-grout]]; this standard governs only their field placement, protection, and workmanship. {note}
+
+## CMU physical properties are governed by [[sync/concrete-masonry-units]], brick unit selection by [[sync/brick-masonry]], and structural masonry design and reinforcement by [[sync/unit-masonry]]; veneer tie and anchor design is governed by [[sync/masonry-anchorage-and-veneer]]. {note}
+
+## The shared materials and provisions covered here include mortar and grout placement, accessories, embedded items, surface preparation, workmanship, construction tolerances, cold- and hot-weather protection, cleaning, and field quality control. {note}
+
+## Masonry work shall comply with TMS 402/602 as adopted by the International Building Code, the Contract Documents, and this standard.
+
+## Where a subordinate masonry section imposes a requirement more stringent than this standard, the more stringent requirement shall govern.
+
+# Referenced Standards {toc}
+
+## Materials, installation, and quality control shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
+
+## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
+
+| Standard | Title |
+|----------|-------|
+| TMS 402/602-22 | Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures |
+| ASTM C270-19a | Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry |
+| ASTM C476-20 | Standard Specification for Grout for Masonry |
+| ASTM C144-18 | Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar |
+| ASTM C91/C91M-18 | Standard Specification for Masonry Cement |
+| ASTM C1329/C1329M-21 | Standard Specification for Mortar Cement |
+| ASTM C207-06(2022) | Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes |
+| ASTM C1142-23 | Standard Specification for Extended Life Mortar for Unit Masonry |
+| ASTM C1314 | Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Masonry Prisms |
+| ASTM E514/E514M-20 | Standard Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry |
+| ASTM C67/C67M-23 | Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile |
+| IBC 2021 | International Building Code (Chapters 17 and 21) |
+
+# Submittals {toc}
+
+## Action Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following action submittals for review before masonry work begins:
+
+- Product data for each mortar and grout material, accessory, anchor, tie, flashing material, weep hole device, joint reinforcement, and joint filler proposed for the Work.
+- Samples of exposed masonry accessories, colored mortar (where colored mortar is specified), and weep hole devices, sized to show full color and texture range.
+- Shop drawings showing reinforcing and joint reinforcement layout, anchor and tie types and spacing, control- and expansion-joint locations, and flashing and weep hole details.
+- A written cold-weather construction plan and a written hot-weather construction plan, each stating the temperature thresholds, protection methods, and heating or cooling measures to be used.
+- A mortar mix design or proportion statement and a grout mix design, with supporting test data where the property method is used.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Action submittals required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Product data (mortar, grout, accessories, anchors, ties, flashing, weeps, joint reinforcement)
+ - Samples (exposed accessories, colored mortar, weep devices)
+ - Shop drawings (reinforcement, ties, joints, flashing details)
+ - Cold-weather construction plan (written)
+ - Hot-weather construction plan (written)
+ - Mortar and grout mix designs / proportion statements
+default:
+ - Product data (mortar, grout, accessories, anchors, ties, flashing, weeps, joint reinforcement)
+ - Shop drawings (reinforcement, ties, joints, flashing details)
+ - Cold-weather construction plan (written)
+ - Hot-weather construction plan (written)
+ - Mortar and grout mix designs / proportion statements
+```
+
+### The Contractor shall not begin masonry work until the cold-weather and hot-weather construction plans have been reviewed and accepted.
+
+## Informational Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following informational submittals:
+
+- Material certificates for cement, lime, masonry cement, mortar cement, aggregate, and grout confirming compliance with the referenced ASTM standards.
+- Mill or supplier certifications for joint reinforcement, ties, anchors, and flashing materials, including alloy or coating designation.
+- Qualification data for the masonry testing agency and field quality control personnel where required by the special inspection program.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Informational submittals required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Material certificates (cement, lime, aggregate, grout)
+ - Reinforcement / tie / anchor / flashing certifications
+ - Testing agency and inspector qualifications
+default:
+ - Material certificates (cement, lime, aggregate, grout)
+ - Reinforcement / tie / anchor / flashing certifications
+```
+
+## Closeout Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following closeout submittals:
+
+- Field quality control and special inspection reports, including prism test results and grout and mortar test results.
+- Cleaning material data and the approved cleaning procedure used on the completed masonry.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Closeout submittals required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Field quality control / special inspection reports
+ - Prism, grout, and mortar test results
+ - Cleaning materials and approved procedure record
+default:
+ - Field quality control / special inspection reports
+ - Prism, grout, and mortar test results
+```
+
+# Quality Assurance {toc}
+
+## Special Inspection Level {toc}
+
+### Masonry special inspection shall be provided in accordance with IBC Chapter 17, Table 1705.4, at the level corresponding to the project's Seismic Design Category and masonry type.
+
+### Seismic Design Category B and higher requires at minimum periodic special inspection of structural masonry; Seismic Design Category C and higher generally requires continuous inspection of structural masonry. {note}
+
+### Non-structural masonry, such as interior CMU partitions, generally does not require the continuous inspection level appropriate to load-bearing or shear-wall masonry; specifying continuous inspection where the code requires only periodic wastes budget. {note}
+
+### The special inspection program, agency qualifications, and structural test reporting are governed by [[sync/special-inspections-and-testing]]; this standard governs only the placement quality that inspection verifies. {note}
+
+### Masonry special inspection shall be performed at the level indicated below for the project's Seismic Design Category.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Masonry special inspection level
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Periodic inspection (SDC A-B, non-structural and light structural masonry)
+ - Continuous inspection (SDC C and higher, structural / shear-wall masonry)
+default: Periodic inspection (SDC A-B, non-structural and light structural masonry)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Seismic Design Category
+type: select
+options:
+ - A
+ - B
+ - C
+ - D
+ - E
+ - F
+default: B
+```
+
+## Prism Testing and f'm Verification {toc}
+
+### Verification of the specified masonry compressive strength f'm is required for structural masonry and shall be established by either the unit strength method or the prism test method per TMS 602 Article 1.4.
+
+### f'm verification must be completed before reinforced walls are grouted and is frequently on the critical path. {note}
+
+### The testing schedule for f'm verification shall be coordinated early so it does not delay grouting.
+
+### Where the prism test method is used, masonry prisms shall be constructed, cured, and tested in accordance with ASTM C1314.
+
+### A minimum of three prisms shall be tested at 28 days for each f'm verification.
+
+### The specified masonry compressive strength f'm shall be verified by the method indicated.
+
+```datasheet
+label: f'm verification method
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Unit strength method (TMS 602, no prisms required)
+ - Prism test method (ASTM C1314, 3 prisms at 28 days)
+default: Unit strength method (TMS 602, no prisms required)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Specified masonry compressive strength f'm
+type: range
+unit: psi
+min: 1500
+max: 4000
+step: 250
+default: 2000
+```
+
+## Mock-ups {toc}
+
+### A masonry mock-up panel allows the Architect to approve color, texture, joint tooling, and bond before full production, and establishes the workmanship standard against which the Work is judged. {note}
+
+### Where required, the Contractor shall construct a mock-up panel of each exposed masonry type, including representative mortar color, joint tooling, bond pattern, accessories, and a sample flashing and weep hole condition.
+
+### The approved mock-up shall be maintained on site and shall be the standard of workmanship for the corresponding masonry.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Mock-up panel required
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Required for each exposed masonry type
+ - Not required (concealed or non-architectural masonry)
+default: Required for each exposed masonry type
+```
+
+# Materials {toc}
+
+## Mortar Materials {toc}
+
+### Mortar binds the units, transfers load, seals the joint against water, and accommodates small movements; its type is selected to match the structural demand and exposure of the wall, not arbitrarily upgraded. {note}
+
+### Mortar type is designated M, S, N, or O in descending order of compressive strength; Type S is the default for below-grade work, load-bearing walls, and veneer, while Type N is used for above-grade non-structural interior masonry. {note}
+
+### Two methods of specifying mortar exist under ASTM C270 — the proportion method (Table 1) and the property method (Table 2); the proportion method is the 80%-case default because it is verified by simple field batching, whereas the property method requires laboratory testing and is rarely used in practice. {note}
+
+### Mortar shall comply with ASTM C270 for the specified type and specification method.
+
+### Aggregate for mortar shall comply with ASTM C144.
+
+### Hydrated lime, where used in cement-lime mortar, shall be Type S complying with ASTM C207.
+
+### Masonry cement shall comply with ASTM C91/C91M, and mortar cement, where specified for higher bond strength, shall comply with ASTM C1329/C1329M.
+
+### Pre-blended extended-life mortar, where used, shall comply with ASTM C1142.
+
+### Mortar proportioning and mix design are governed by [[sync/masonry-mortar-and-grout]]; the selections below set only the field type and method. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Mortar type (ASTM C270)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Type M (high strength, below-grade and foundation)
+ - Type S (load-bearing, below-grade, veneer)
+ - Type N (above-grade non-structural)
+ - Type O (interior non-load-bearing, low strength)
+default: Type S (load-bearing, below-grade, veneer)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Mortar specification method (ASTM C270)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Proportion method (Table 1, field-verified)
+ - Property method (Table 2, laboratory-tested)
+default: Proportion method (Table 1, field-verified)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Cementitious system
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Portland cement-lime
+ - Masonry cement (ASTM C91)
+ - Mortar cement (ASTM C1329, higher bond)
+default: Portland cement-lime
+```
+
+### Where colored mortar is specified, the Contractor shall use a single pigment source and a pre-approved color sample to prevent batch-to-batch and panel-to-panel color variation.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Mortar color
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Standard gray (natural cement color)
+ - White (white cement and sand)
+ - Custom pigmented (single-source, approved sample)
+default: Standard gray (natural cement color)
+```
+
+## Grout Materials {toc}
+
+### Grout fills cells and cavities to bond reinforcement to the masonry and to develop the composite strength of reinforced walls; it is a fluid concrete, distinct from mortar, and is placed by pumping or pouring. {note}
+
+### Fine grout is used where the smallest dimension of the grout space is 1.5 in. or less; coarse grout is used where the grout space exceeds 1.5 in. and can accommodate the larger aggregate. {note}
+
+### Grout shall comply with ASTM C476.
+
+### Grout shall develop a minimum compressive strength of 2000 psi; a value of 2500 to 3000 psi is commonly specified for structural masonry.
+
+### Grout type shall be selected based on the least dimension of the grout space.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Grout type (ASTM C476)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Fine grout (grout space least dimension ≤ 1.5 in.)
+ - Coarse grout (grout space least dimension > 1.5 in.)
+default: Fine grout (grout space least dimension ≤ 1.5 in.)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Specified grout compressive strength
+type: range
+unit: psi
+min: 2000
+max: 4000
+step: 250
+default: 2500
+```
+
+## Joint Reinforcement {toc}
+
+### Horizontal joint reinforcement controls shrinkage cracking and ties multi-wythe walls together; ladder type is used for reinforced or grouted walls (it does not obstruct vertical bars) and truss type provides greater rigidity in single-wythe walls. {note}
+
+### Joint reinforcement shall be hot-dip galvanized or stainless steel, with the corrosion-resistance class selected for the wall's exposure.
+
+### Joint reinforcement shall be embedded with a minimum of 5/8 in. of mortar cover on each side of the wire.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Joint reinforcement type
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Ladder type (reinforced / grouted walls)
+ - Truss type (single-wythe non-reinforced walls)
+default: Ladder type (reinforced / grouted walls)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Joint reinforcement corrosion resistance
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Mill galvanized (interior, dry)
+ - Hot-dip galvanized (exterior, normal exposure)
+ - Stainless steel Type 304 (severe / coastal exposure)
+ - Stainless steel Type 316 (marine / chloride exposure)
+default: Hot-dip galvanized (exterior, normal exposure)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Joint reinforcement vertical spacing
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 8
+max: 24
+step: 8
+default: 16
+```
+
+## Ties and Anchors {toc}
+
+### Ties and anchors transfer lateral load between wythes and between masonry and its backup or structure; their material and type must resist corrosion for the life of the wall because they are inaccessible once built. {note}
+
+### Veneer tie spacing, anchor design, and attachment to backup systems are governed by [[sync/masonry-anchorage-and-veneer]]; this standard governs only the common material and corrosion class. {note}
+
+### Ties and anchors shall be of the same corrosion-resistance class as the joint reinforcement for the wall's exposure or higher.
+
+### Adjustable two-piece ties shall be used where the bed joints of the two wythes do not align.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Tie / anchor type
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Adjustable pintle-and-eye (cavity wall, misaligned joints)
+ - Rigid corrugated (veneer over sheathing, light duty)
+ - Seismic / high-wind clip and wire (SDC C+, hurricane zones)
+default: Adjustable pintle-and-eye (cavity wall, misaligned joints)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Tie / anchor corrosion resistance
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Hot-dip galvanized (normal exposure)
+ - Stainless steel Type 304 (severe / coastal exposure)
+ - Stainless steel Type 316 (marine / chloride exposure)
+default: Hot-dip galvanized (normal exposure)
+```
+
+## Flashing, Weep Holes, and Drainage {toc}
+
+### Through-wall flashing collects water that penetrates the outer wythe and directs it back out through weep holes; a discontinuity in the flashing plane at laps, ends, and corners is a leading cause of masonry water infiltration callbacks. {note}
+
+### Flashing material is selected for durability and compatibility — stainless steel and copper are the most durable, while self-adhering rubberized-asphalt membrane is economical but less robust; the choice must be compatible with adjacent mortar and units. {note}
+
+### Flashing terminations and counterflashing shall be coordinated with the roofing and waterproofing scopes so the water-resistive plane is continuous.
+
+### Gaps at step, cap, and through-wall flashing shall not be left open.
+
+### Flashing shall be lapped, sealed at end laps, and turned up and terminated so collected water is directed outward.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Through-wall flashing material
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Self-adhering rubberized-asphalt membrane (EPDM / butyl)
+ - Stainless steel sheet
+ - Copper sheet
+ - Fabric-reinforced composite
+default: Self-adhering rubberized-asphalt membrane (EPDM / butyl)
+```
+
+### Weep holes drain the collected water at the base course above flashing; without them the flashing simply traps water in the wall. {note}
+
+### Weep holes shall be provided at the base course immediately above all through-wall flashing.
+
+### Weep holes shall be open head joints unless another type is specified, spaced at 24 in. on center maximum.
+
+### Drainage-cavity inserts, where used, shall be positioned so they keep the air gap open and do not block weep drainage.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Weep hole type
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Open head joint
+ - Cotton or polyester rope wick
+ - Pre-formed plastic / mesh insert
+default: Open head joint
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Weep hole spacing
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 16
+max: 33
+step: 8
+default: 24
+```
+
+## Control and Expansion Joints {toc}
+
+### Movement joints relieve the stresses of shrinkage, thermal change, and moisture expansion; conflating the two joint families is a common, costly error that produces RFIs and cracking. {note}
+
+### Concrete masonry shrinks over time and uses control joints — a clean vertical separation with a compressible filler and no mortar across the joint. {note}
+
+### Clay brick expands over its life and uses expansion joints — a wider separation filled with a compressible (closed-cell foam or cork composite) filler, never mortar, so the brick can grow without spalling. {note}
+
+### Control joints in concrete masonry shall be formed as a continuous vertical separation with compressible filler and shall not be bridged with mortar.
+
+### Expansion joints in brick masonry shall be filled with a premolded compressible filler and shall not be filled with mortar.
+
+### Joint sealant and backer rod at the face of control and expansion joints are governed by [[sync/exterior-weather-sealants]]; this standard governs the joint filler within the masonry only. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Movement joint filler
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Closed-cell foam (expansion joints, brick)
+ - Cork composite (expansion joints, brick)
+ - Preformed control-joint gasket (CMU)
+default: Closed-cell foam (expansion joints, brick)
+```
+
+## Embedded Items {toc}
+
+### Anchor bolts, sleeves, plates, conduit, and similar embedded items shall be set in grouted cells or solid mortar bedding, accurately located, and held in position until the surrounding masonry has set.
+
+### Embedded items shall not be placed in mortar joints where they would reduce the joint below its required thickness or interrupt joint reinforcement.
+
+### Post-installed and epoxy-anchored items in hardened masonry are governed by [[sync/epoxy-grouting-and-anchoring]]; this standard governs cast-in embedments only. {note}
+
+# Workmanship {toc}
+
+## Joints and Tooling {toc}
+
+### The mortar joint is the weakest plane of a masonry wall against water entry, so consistent joint width and a compacted, tooled profile are essential to both appearance and weather resistance. {note}
+
+### Concave and V-joint tooling compress the mortar against the unit and shed water, which is why they are the default; raked and extruded joints expose a ledge that holds water and shall be used only where explicitly specified for appearance. {note}
+
+### Bed and head joints shall be 3/8 in. wide, with a tolerance of ±1/8 in.
+
+### Exposed joints shall be tooled when the mortar is thumbprint-hard to produce a dense, uniform, weather-resistant surface.
+
+### Joints shall be tooled to the specified profile.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Standard mortar joint width
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 0.25
+max: 0.5
+step: 0.125
+default: 0.375
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Joint tooling profile
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Concave
+ - V-joint
+ - Raked (where specified for appearance)
+ - Flush / extruded (where specified)
+default: Concave
+```
+
+## Bond, Coursing, and Surface Preparation {toc}
+
+### Masonry shall be laid in the specified bond pattern, with units cut cleanly where required and broken or chipped exposed units rejected.
+
+### Substrates and bearing surfaces shall be clean, sound, and free of laitance, dust, oil, ice, and loose material before masonry is placed.
+
+### Units shall not be wetted at the time of laying.
+
+### Where high-absorption clay brick requires wetting, units shall be wetted and allowed to surface-dry before placement.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Bond pattern
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Running bond
+ - Stack bond (where specified, requires reinforcement)
+ - 1/3 running bond
+default: Running bond
+```
+
+## Grout Placement {toc}
+
+### Grout must reach the bottom of the pour without segregating or leaving voids around reinforcement; pour and lift height limits exist so the grout consolidates fully and hydrostatic pressure does not blow out the masonry. {note}
+
+### Grout pour height shall not exceed 12.67 ft without cleanouts, and shall not exceed 24 ft where cleanouts are provided at the base of each grouted cell.
+
+### Grout shall be placed in lifts not exceeding 5 ft in a single pour.
+
+### A minimum of one hour shall be allowed between successive grout lifts to permit the lower lift to lose its initial plasticity.
+
+### Grout shall be consolidated by vibration or puddling at placement and reconsolidated after initial water loss to close shrinkage gaps.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Maximum grout pour height
+type: radio
+options:
+ - 12.67 ft (no cleanouts)
+ - 24 ft (cleanouts provided)
+default: 12.67 ft (no cleanouts)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Maximum grout lift height
+type: range
+unit: ft
+min: 1
+max: 5
+step: 1
+default: 5
+```
+
+# Construction Tolerances {toc}
+
+## TMS 602 Article 3.3F is the definitive source for masonry placement tolerances; the values below are the common defaults and shall be tightened only where the structural design or finish requires it. {note}
+
+## Masonry shall be erected plumb within ±1/4 in. in 10 ft and ±3/8 in. in 20 ft.
+
+## Masonry shall be erected level within ±1/4 in. in 10 ft and ±3/8 in. in 20 ft.
+
+## Bed joints shall align within ±1/4 in. of their specified location.
+
+## Bed joint thickness shall be within ±1/8 in. of the specified thickness.
+
+## Columns and pilasters shall be located within ±1/2 in. of their specified location.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Plumb tolerance (per 10 ft)
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 0.125
+max: 0.375
+step: 0.125
+default: 0.25
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Bed joint thickness tolerance
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 0.0625
+max: 0.1875
+step: 0.0625
+default: 0.125
+```
+
+# Cold-Weather Construction {toc}
+
+## Cold weather slows or stops cement hydration and can freeze the mix water before the mortar gains strength, permanently weakening the joint; a written, threshold-driven plan is required because "comply with TMS 602" alone gives the field crew nothing to act on. {note}
+
+## The Contractor shall submit and follow a written cold-weather construction plan stating the temperature thresholds, heating, and protection measures below.
+
+## Cold-weather measures shall be initiated when the ambient air temperature is at or below 40°F and falling, or at or below 32°F and rising.
+
+## Mortar mixing water shall be heated to produce mortar in the range of 40°F to 120°F at the time of use.
+
+## Grout mixing water shall be heated to produce grout in the range of 70°F to 120°F at the time of use.
+
+## Completed masonry shall be maintained above 32°F for 24 hours after construction, extended to 48 hours for grouted masonry, unless Type III high-early-strength cement is used.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Cold-weather threshold (initiate protection at or below)
+type: range
+unit: °F
+min: 32
+max: 40
+step: 4
+default: 40
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Post-construction protection period
+type: radio
+options:
+ - 24 hours (ungrouted masonry)
+ - 48 hours (grouted masonry)
+default: 24 hours (ungrouted masonry)
+```
+
+# Hot-Weather Construction {toc}
+
+## Hot, dry, windy conditions flash off the mix water before the cement can hydrate, leaving brittle, dusty joints with poor bond; a written plan with shading and wetting measures protects the work. {note}
+
+## The Contractor shall submit and follow a written hot-weather construction plan stating the temperature thresholds and protection measures below.
+
+## Hot-weather measures shall be initiated when the ambient air temperature exceeds 100°F, or exceeds 90°F with wind over 8 mph.
+
+## Mortar and grout temperature shall not exceed 120°F at the time of placement.
+
+## Completed masonry shall be shaded and fog-sprayed or covered to prevent rapid moisture loss during the initial cure.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Hot-weather threshold (initiate protection above)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - 100°F (calm)
+ - 90°F (wind over 8 mph)
+default: 100°F (calm)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Maximum mortar / grout placement temperature
+type: range
+unit: °F
+min: 100
+max: 120
+step: 5
+default: 120
+```
+
+# Cleaning {toc}
+
+## Cleaning removes mortar smears and efflorescence from the finished face, but the method must match the unit — acid cleaners that are routine on hard-fired red brick will etch, burn, or discolor light-colored, calcium-silicate, glazed, and many colored units. {note}
+
+## Acid cleaning, where permitted, shall use muriatic acid diluted 1 part acid to 10 to 14 parts water by volume; the wall shall be pre-wet, the cleaner applied and scrubbed, and the wall rinsed within 3 to 5 minutes.
+
+## Acid cleaners shall not be used on light-colored brick, calcium-silicate units, limestone, or glazed or colored masonry; a proprietary non-acid cleaner shall be specified for these units.
+
+## The cleaning method and dilution shall be proven on the approved mock-up or an inconspicuous test area before full-wall cleaning.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Cleaning method
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Diluted muriatic acid wash (1:10 to 1:14, hard-fired brick only)
+ - Proprietary non-acid masonry cleaner (light / colored / calcium-silicate units)
+ - Low-pressure water and stiff-brush detergent wash
+default: Diluted muriatic acid wash (1:10 to 1:14, hard-fired brick only)
+```
+
+# Field Quality Control {toc}
+
+## Field quality control verifies that the materials and workmanship specified above were actually achieved, and produces the records the special inspector and Engineer of Record rely on to accept the Work. {note}
+
+## Mortar and grout shall be sampled and tested at the frequency required by the special inspection program.
+
+## Masonry water-resistive performance, where required by the Contract Documents, shall be verified by ASTM E514 field or laboratory testing.
+
+## The Contractor shall correct and re-test any masonry that fails to meet the specified strength, tolerance, or water-resistance requirements.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Field water-penetration testing (ASTM E514)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - Required (water-sensitive or high-exposure walls)
+ - Not required
+default: Not required
+```
+
+# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
+
+## Masonry materials shall be delivered in undamaged original packaging, identified by type, source, and lot.
+
+## Cementitious materials shall be stored off the ground, under cover, and protected from moisture until used.
+
+## Masonry units, reinforcement, ties, anchors, and flashing shall be stored to prevent contamination, corrosion, chipping, and contact with the ground.
+
+# Warranty {toc}
+
+## The Contractor shall warrant the masonry Work against defective materials and workmanship, including water infiltration through defective flashing or weep installation, for the period stated in the Contract Documents.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Masonry workmanship warranty period
+type: range
+unit: yr
+min: 1
+max: 5
+step: 1
+default: 2
+```
+
+# Maintenance Materials {toc}
+
+## The Contractor shall furnish extra masonry units and matching pigmented mortar material from the same production run as the installed Work, for future repair and color matching.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Extra masonry units furnished
+type: range
+unit: "%"
+min: 0
+max: 5
+step: 1
+default: 2
+```