Membrane Roofing
Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
Showing changes from Rev 5
to Rev 6
in Membrane Roofing.
---
title: Membrane Roofing
…96 unchanged lines
- Contractor manufacturer authorization certificate
- Manufacturer warranty form and NDL eligibility requirements
−default: [Membrane product data (ASTM compliance, thickness, FM/UL listing), Insulation, cover board, and vapor retarder product data, FM RoofNav assembly listing confirmation, UL fire-classification listing confirmation, ANSI/SPRI ES-1 test reports for edge metal and coping]
+default:
+ - "Membrane product data (ASTM compliance, thickness, FM/UL listing)"
+ - "Insulation, cover board, and vapor retarder product data"
+ - "FM RoofNav assembly listing confirmation"
+ - "UL fire-classification listing confirmation"
+ - "ANSI/SPRI ES-1 test reports for edge metal and coping"
```
…29 unchanged lines
- As-installed drawings (panels, seams, drains, penetrations, curbs)
- Material certifications confirming ASTM conformance
−default: [Manufacturer's executed and dated warranty, Contractor's installation warranty, Field test reports (flood test, core cuts, ELD), As-installed drawings (panels, seams, drains, penetrations, curbs), Material certifications confirming ASTM conformance]
+default:
+ - "Manufacturer's executed and dated warranty"
+ - "Contractor's installation warranty"
+ - "Field test reports (flood test, core cuts, ELD)"
+ - "As-installed drawings (panels, seams, drains, penetrations, curbs)"
+ - "Material certifications confirming ASTM conformance"
```
…62 unchanged lines
### Cold-weather installation increases the risk of membrane stiffness, incomplete adhesive bond, and inadequate seam welds. {note}
+### Membrane installation shall not proceed when the ambient air temperature or the substrate temperature is below 40°F (4°C) for thermoplastic (TPO, PVC) systems or below 40°F for EPDM adhesive applications, unless the membrane manufacturer has specifically approved cold-weather procedures and those procedures are submitted and accepted.
+
```datasheet
label: Minimum Installation Temperature
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### Membrane installation shall not proceed when the ambient air temperature or the substrate temperature is below 40°F (4°C) for thermoplastic (TPO, PVC) systems or below 40°F for EPDM adhesive applications, unless the membrane manufacturer has specifically approved cold-weather procedures and those procedures are submitted and accepted.
−
### Where cold-weather installation is unavoidable, the Contractor shall use membrane adhesives and accessories formulated for cold-temperature application, pre-condition membrane rolls in a heated space to at least 50°F before deployment, and protect the work area from wind and precipitation.
…11 unchanged lines
### Proceeding over a deficient deck is not a latent condition for warranty purposes; the Contractor assumes responsibility for any deficiency that is not reported before installation. {note}
+### The roof deck type shall be specified for each roof area receiving the membrane assembly.
+
```datasheet
label: Roof Deck Type
…52 unchanged lines
### Perimeter and corner zones require closer fastener spacing or additional rows of fasteners than the field zone. {note}
−```datasheet
−label: FM Wind Uplift Classification Required
−type: select
−options:
− - "FM 1-60 (60 psf)"
− - "FM 1-90 (90 psf)"
− - "FM 1-120 (120 psf)"
− - "FM 1-150 (150 psf)"
− - "FM 1-180 (180 psf)"
− - "Per engineering calculation — not FM classified"
−drawing_ref: true
−default: "FM 1-90 (90 psf)"
−```
+### Wind-uplift design for the roofing assembly shall comply with ASCE 7, Chapter 26 and Chapter 27 (or Chapter 30 for components and cladding), as adopted by the applicable building code.
```datasheet
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### Wind-uplift design for the roofing assembly shall comply with ASCE 7, Chapter 26 and Chapter 27 (or Chapter 30 for components and cladding), as adopted by the applicable building code.
−
### The Designer of Record shall establish the design wind pressures for field, perimeter, and corner zones of the roof based on the building's risk category, mean roof height, exposure category, and basic wind speed from the applicable wind speed map.
### Where the Owner's property insurance is underwritten by FM Global, the roofing assembly shall carry an FM approval rating equal to or exceeding the FM wind-uplift design value calculated per FM Global Data Sheet 1-28.
+```datasheet
+label: FM Wind Uplift Classification Required
+type: select
+options:
+ - "FM 1-60 (60 psf)"
+ - "FM 1-90 (90 psf)"
+ - "FM 1-120 (120 psf)"
+ - "FM 1-150 (150 psf)"
+ - "FM 1-180 (180 psf)"
+ - "Per engineering calculation — not FM classified"
+drawing_ref: true
+default: "FM 1-90 (90 psf)"
+```
+
### The FM RoofNav database shall be the source of assembly listings, and all components (deck, insulation, cover board, membrane, fasteners, and attachment pattern) shall match the listed assembly.
…10 unchanged lines
### ES-1 classifies edge metal by the wind pressure it can resist (RE-1, RE-2, and RE-3 test methods for displacement, blow-off, and securement, respectively). {note}
+### Perimeter edge metal — including coping caps, gravel stops, fascia, and drip edge — shall be designed and tested in accordance with ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435/ES-1 for resistance to the design wind pressure in the building's perimeter and corner edge zones.
+
+### The specified edge metal assembly shall carry an ES-1 classification rating that meets or exceeds the design edge-zone wind pressure.
+
```datasheet
label: Edge Metal ES-1 Minimum Classification Wind Pressure
…4 unchanged lines
min: 30
max: 200
− setpoints: [45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 150, 200]
+ setpoints: [30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 150, 200]
default: 75
```
−### Perimeter edge metal — including coping caps, gravel stops, fascia, and drip edge — shall be designed and tested in accordance with ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435/ES-1 for resistance to the design wind pressure in the building's perimeter and corner edge zones.
−
−### The specified edge metal assembly shall carry an ES-1 classification rating that meets or exceeds the design edge-zone wind pressure.
−
### IBC Section 1504.5 mandates ES-1 compliance for metal edge securement on low-slope roofs, and this requirement cannot be waived.
…7 unchanged lines
### IBC Table 1505.1 establishes minimum classification (Class A, B, or C) based on construction type. {note}
+### The roofing assembly shall achieve the fire classification required by IBC Section 1505 for the building's occupancy and construction type.
+
```datasheet
label: Required Fire Classification
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### The roofing assembly shall achieve the fire classification required by IBC Section 1505 for the building's occupancy and construction type.
−
### Classification shall be demonstrated by a current UL or listing-agency classification under ASTM E108 / UL 790 for the complete assembly on the specified deck type.
…10 unchanged lines
### Heat-welded seams, when properly formed, create a bond equal to or stronger than the base membrane. {note}
+### The nominal TPO membrane thickness shall be specified based on the anticipated traffic and exposure severity of the roof area.
+
```datasheet
label: TPO Membrane Thickness (nominal, over scrim)
…7 unchanged lines
```
+### The TPO membrane sheet width shall be specified consistent with the attachment method used for the roof system.
+
```datasheet
label: TPO Membrane Sheet Width
…23 unchanged lines
### PVC contains plasticizers that can migrate over time into adjacent materials, particularly certain bituminous insulation facers and adhesives. {note}
−```datasheet
−label: PVC Membrane Thickness (nominal)
−type: radio
−unit: mil
−options:
− - "50 mil"
− - "60 mil"
− - "80 mil"
−default: "60 mil"
−```
+### Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane shall conform to ASTM D4434/D4434M, Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roofing.
+### Like TPO, all PVC field seams and flashing seams shall be hot-air welded.
+
+### The project shall specify the PVC type required by the FM-approved or UL-classified assembly.
+
```datasheet
label: PVC Membrane ASTM D4434 Type
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane shall conform to ASTM D4434/D4434M, Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roofing.
−
−### Like TPO, all PVC field seams and flashing seams shall be hot-air welded.
−
−### The project shall specify the PVC type required by the FM-approved or UL-classified assembly.
−
### ASTM D4434 requires a minimum of 16 mils of PVC compound over the scrim reinforcement on each face of the reinforcement layer.
+```datasheet
+label: PVC Membrane Thickness (nominal)
+type: radio
+unit: mil
+options:
+ - "50 mil"
+ - "60 mil"
+ - "80 mil"
+default: "60 mil"
+```
+
### All insulation, cover board, and adhesive products used with PVC membrane shall be confirmed by the manufacturer to be plasticizer-migration-compatible.
…35 unchanged lines
### EPDM is inherently black and a highly effective UV absorber, which contributes to elevated roof surface temperatures relative to white or reflective membranes; white or light-gray TPO or PVC membranes generally have significantly higher initial solar reflectance. {note}
+### Where energy codes require a minimum solar reflectance index (SRI) or cool-roof performance, the Designer of Record shall confirm whether EPDM satisfies the energy code requirement for the project's climate zone.
+
```datasheet
label: Cool Roof / Energy Code Reflectance Compliance Required
…5 unchanged lines
```
−### Where energy codes require a minimum solar reflectance index (SRI) or cool-roof performance, the Designer of Record shall confirm whether EPDM satisfies the energy code requirement for the project's climate zone.
−
### Where cool-roof compliance is required, the Contractor shall submit manufacturer-published or CRRC (Cool Roof Rating Council) tested reflectance and emittance values for the specified membrane.
…9 unchanged lines
### ASTM C1289 requires polyiso manufacturers to publish and certify long-term thermal resistance (LTTR) values using a 15-year time-weighted average procedure. {note}
+### The facer type for polyisocyanurate insulation shall be specified, coordinating its moisture performance with the roof assembly's vapor retarder strategy.
+
```datasheet
+label: Polyiso Insulation Facer Type
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Fiber-reinforced felt (standard)"
+ - "Coated glass fiber (improved moisture resistance)"
+ - "Foil-faced (vapor barrier facer — coordinate with vapor retarder strategy)"
+default: "Fiber-reinforced felt (standard)"
+```
+
+### Polyisocyanurate (polyiso) board insulation shall conform to ASTM C1289, Standard Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board.
+
+### The minimum insulation R-value shall comply with ASHRAE 90.1, Table C5.2 (or the corresponding table in the adopted energy code) for the project's climate zone.
+
+```datasheet
label: Polyiso Insulation Total Minimum R-Value (LTTR)
type: range
…7 unchanged lines
```
+### Insulation shall be provided in a minimum of two layers with staggered joints in each direction so that no through joints in the insulation align with joints in an adjacent layer.
+
```datasheet
label: Polyiso Installation — Number of Layers
…5 unchanged lines
```
−```datasheet
−label: Polyiso Insulation Facer Type
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Fiber-reinforced felt (standard)"
− - "Coated glass fiber (improved moisture resistance)"
− - "Foil-faced (vapor barrier facer — coordinate with vapor retarder strategy)"
−default: "Fiber-reinforced felt (standard)"
−```
−
−### Polyisocyanurate (polyiso) board insulation shall conform to ASTM C1289, Standard Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation Board.
−
−### The minimum insulation R-value shall comply with ASHRAE 90.1, Table C5.2 (or the corresponding table in the adopted energy code) for the project's climate zone.
−
−### Insulation shall be provided in a minimum of two layers with staggered joints in each direction so that no through joints in the insulation align with joints in an adjacent layer.
−
### Single-layer insulation installation is not permitted because through-joint thermal bridging and wind-uplift stress concentrations at single-layer joints are both significantly worse than in a staggered two-layer installation. {note}
…5 unchanged lines
### A cover board also separates the membrane adhesive from the polyiso facer, preventing adhesive incompatibility and migration issues. {note}
+### The cover board type installed over the polyisocyanurate insulation shall be specified for each membrane assembly.
+
```datasheet
label: Cover Board Type
…7 unchanged lines
```
+### The cover board thickness shall be specified for each membrane assembly.
+
```datasheet
label: Cover Board Thickness
…46 unchanged lines
### Specifying a vapor retarder as a precautionary measure in a low-humidity building in a warm climate can be counterproductive if it traps any incidental moisture that enters the assembly from the exterior. {note}
+### The need for a vapor retarder beneath the roof insulation shall be established by a condensation analysis performed by the Designer of Record using the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals dew-point or hygrothermal analysis method, based on the building's interior temperature and relative humidity design conditions and the climate zone's exterior conditions.
+
+### The Designer of Record shall make the vapor retarder determination explicitly.
+
```datasheet
label: Vapor Retarder Required
…5 unchanged lines
```
−### The need for a vapor retarder beneath the roof insulation shall be established by a condensation analysis performed by the Designer of Record using the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals dew-point or hygrothermal analysis method, based on the building's interior temperature and relative humidity design conditions and the climate zone's exterior conditions.
−
−### The Designer of Record shall make the vapor retarder determination explicitly.
−
### High-humidity interior environments — food processing facilities, natatoriums, hospitals with high-humidity procedure spaces, laundries, and similar occupancies — almost always require a vapor retarder, whereas standard office, retail, and warehouse interiors in most US climate zones typically do not require one. {note}
…2 unchanged lines
### Vapor retarder materials vary in permeance from Class I (0.1 perm or less, effectively vapor-impermeable) to Class II (0.1 to 1.0 perm, vapor retarder) to Class III (1.0 to 10 perm). {note}
+### Where a vapor retarder is required, it shall be installed directly over the structural deck, below the insulation.
+
+### The vapor retarder shall be compatible with the deck type, the adhesive or fastening method for the bottom insulation layer, and the overall FM-approved or engineered assembly.
+
+### The required permeance class shall be determined by the condensation analysis.
+
```datasheet
label: Vapor Retarder Type
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### Where a vapor retarder is required, it shall be installed directly over the structural deck, below the insulation.
−
−### The vapor retarder shall be compatible with the deck type, the adhesive or fastening method for the bottom insulation layer, and the overall FM-approved or engineered assembly.
−
−### The required permeance class shall be determined by the condensation analysis.
−
### Where a self-adhering sheet vapor retarder is used, all seams and end laps shall be rolled to ensure full adhesion.
…8 unchanged lines
### The three principal attachment methods — mechanically attached, fully adhered, and ballasted — each have distinct structural, thermal, and wind-performance characteristics. {note}
+### The attachment method shall be selected based on the required FM wind-uplift classification, the deck type and fastener pull-out value, the building's wind exposure, and the Owner's long-term performance requirements.
+
```datasheet
label: Membrane Attachment Method
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### The attachment method shall be selected based on the required FM wind-uplift classification, the deck type and fastener pull-out value, the building's wind exposure, and the Owner's long-term performance requirements.
−
### The attachment method shall be confirmed as part of an FM-approved or tested assembly; mixing attachment methods within a field zone is not permitted without separate FM-listing confirmation.
…3 unchanged lines
### This is the most common attachment method for new commercial construction because it is faster to install than a fully adhered system, requires no adhesive cure time, and allows significant drainage-slope tolerances. {note}
+### Fastener type, diameter, and embedment depth shall be selected from the FM-approved assembly and shall be appropriate for the deck type.
+
+### Fasteners in steel deck shall be self-drilling, self-tapping screws of the type and length included in the FM-approved assembly.
+
+### Fasteners in concrete or lightweight concrete shall be of the type confirmed by pull-out testing to achieve the minimum required value.
+
+### Fasteners in wood shall be annular-ring-shank roofing screws.
+
+### The fastener-and-plate spacing in the field zone, perimeter zone, and corner zone shall be as specified on the wind-zone attachment drawing.
+
```datasheet
label: Field Zone Fastener Spacing (mechanically attached)
…9 unchanged lines
```
−### Fastener type, diameter, and embedment depth shall be selected from the FM-approved assembly and shall be appropriate for the deck type.
−
−### Fasteners in steel deck shall be self-drilling, self-tapping screws of the type and length included in the FM-approved assembly.
−
−### Fasteners in concrete or lightweight concrete shall be of the type confirmed by pull-out testing to achieve the minimum required value.
−
−### Fasteners in wood shall be annular-ring-shank roofing screws.
−
−### The fastener-and-plate spacing in the field zone, perimeter zone, and corner zone shall be as specified on the wind-zone attachment drawing.
−
### The Contractor shall not omit fasteners, reduce spacing, or substitute a fastener of different type or length without a revised FM-approval or engineering confirmation.
…14 unchanged lines
### Rolling the membrane into wet adhesive traps solvents, while rolling it into fully dry adhesive produces a poor-quality bond. {note}
+### The bonding adhesive type shall be specified for each fully adhered membrane installation.
+
```datasheet
label: Fully Adhered — Adhesive Type
…23 unchanged lines
### Ballasted systems are among the oldest single-ply attachment methods and are simple to install, but they impose significant dead load on the structure (typically 10 to 15 psf for stone ballast). {note}
+### Ballasted systems shall not be used where the roof slope exceeds 1:12 (approximately 1 inch per foot) because ballast will migrate under gravity on steeper slopes.
+
+### Ballasted systems shall not be used in high-wind-exposure zones without FM approval confirmation.
+
+### Because the FM-approved assembly accounts for ballast density and gradation, the ballast material used in the field shall match the specification in the FM-approved assembly.
+
```datasheet
label: Ballast Type and Weight (ballasted systems only)
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### Ballasted systems shall not be used where the roof slope exceeds 1:12 (approximately 1 inch per foot) because ballast will migrate under gravity on steeper slopes.
−
−### Ballasted systems shall not be used in high-wind-exposure zones without FM approval confirmation.
−
−### Because the FM-approved assembly accounts for ballast density and gradation, the ballast material used in the field shall match the specification in the FM-approved assembly.
−
### Substituting crushed stone, slag, or pea gravel for smooth river-washed stone without FM-approval confirmation is not permitted.
…7 unchanged lines
### Under-application of ribbon adhesive is a common field deficiency that reduces the uplift capacity of the assembly. {note}
+### Regardless of the membrane attachment method, the insulation layers shall be mechanically fastened to the deck or adhered with insulation adhesive in a pattern that provides the required FM wind-uplift resistance.
+
```datasheet
label: Insulation Attachment Method
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### Regardless of the membrane attachment method, the insulation layers shall be mechanically fastened to the deck or adhered with insulation adhesive in a pattern that provides the required FM wind-uplift resistance.
−
### Insulation boards shall not be loose-laid under a membrane that is subsequently mechanically attached or adhered to the cover board.
…16 unchanged lines
### Every change in plane requires flashing, and every flashing requires careful design and execution. {note}
+### All membrane flashings shall be the same material as the field membrane or a manufacturer-approved compatible flashing membrane.
+
+### In TPO systems, flashings shall be TPO membrane or prefabricated TPO flashing components and shall be heat-welded to the field membrane, with no adhesive or tape terminations permitted at the seam between the field membrane and the flashing.
+
+### In PVC systems, flashings shall be PVC membrane welded to the field membrane.
+
+### In EPDM systems, flashings shall be EPDM membrane bonded with lap tape and primer, and may also use prefabricated EPDM flashing components (pre-molded corners, pipe boots) adhered with EPDM bonding adhesive.
+
+### Flashing membrane shall extend a minimum of 8 inches above the finished roof membrane surface on all vertical surfaces.
+
```datasheet
label: Minimum Flashing Height Above Finished Membrane
…7 unchanged lines
```
+### Where parapets, curbs, and walls are less than 8 inches tall, the Designer of Record shall evaluate an alternative detail (through-wall flashing, continuous cant with extended membrane height, or relocation of the base flashing height).
+
+### Eight inches is a widely accepted industry minimum that provides a safety margin against water infiltration from debris damming or localized ponding at the base of vertical surfaces. {note}
+
+### All vertical flashing surfaces shall have a cant strip or a tapered edge strip at the transition from horizontal to vertical to avoid an abrupt 90-degree bend in the membrane.
+
```datasheet
label: Cant Strip at Horizontal-to-Vertical Transitions
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### All membrane flashings shall be the same material as the field membrane or a manufacturer-approved compatible flashing membrane.
−
−### In TPO systems, flashings shall be TPO membrane or prefabricated TPO flashing components and shall be heat-welded to the field membrane, with no adhesive or tape terminations permitted at the seam between the field membrane and the flashing.
−
−### In PVC systems, flashings shall be PVC membrane welded to the field membrane.
−
−### In EPDM systems, flashings shall be EPDM membrane bonded with lap tape and primer, and may also use prefabricated EPDM flashing components (pre-molded corners, pipe boots) adhered with EPDM bonding adhesive.
−
−### Flashing membrane shall extend a minimum of 8 inches above the finished roof membrane surface on all vertical surfaces.
−
−### Where parapets, curbs, and walls are less than 8 inches tall, the Designer of Record shall evaluate an alternative detail (through-wall flashing, continuous cant with extended membrane height, or relocation of the base flashing height).
−
−### Eight inches is a widely accepted industry minimum that provides a safety margin against water infiltration from debris damming or localized ponding at the base of vertical surfaces. {note}
−
−### All vertical flashing surfaces shall have a cant strip or a tapered edge strip at the transition from horizontal to vertical to avoid an abrupt 90-degree bend in the membrane.
−
### A 45-degree cant, minimum 3 inches per face, is standard practice and reduces membrane stress at the corner and provides a gentler transition that is less prone to membrane bridging and cracking. {note}
…2 unchanged lines
### Installing a termination bar on a horizontal surface creates a hydrostatic condition where water pools against the bar and is directed under the membrane; this is among the most common termination-bar installation errors. {note}
+### At concrete masonry unit, concrete, and structural steel walls, the membrane flashing shall be bonded to the vertical surface with membrane-compatible adhesive and terminated at the top with a metal termination bar.
+
+### Termination bars shall be continuous aluminum or stainless steel angle, minimum 1/8-inch thick, fastened through the membrane into the wall at maximum 12-inch on-center spacing and at maximum 6 inches from each end.
+
```datasheet
label: Termination Bar Material
…15 unchanged lines
```
−### At concrete masonry unit, concrete, and structural steel walls, the membrane flashing shall be bonded to the vertical surface with membrane-compatible adhesive and terminated at the top with a metal termination bar.
−
−### Termination bars shall be continuous aluminum or stainless steel angle, minimum 1/8-inch thick, fastened through the membrane into the wall at maximum 12-inch on-center spacing and at maximum 6 inches from each end.
−
### Lap sealant shall be applied over the top edge of the termination bar and into the fastener holes as a secondary barrier.
…41 unchanged lines
### Prefabricated boots are preferred because they are formed consistently, whereas field-fabricated flashings are prone to wrinkles, bridging, and inconsistent seam quality. {note}
+### Every penetration through the roof membrane — pipe, conduit, duct, equipment support, structural post — shall be flashed with a manufacturer-supplied or fabricated flashing that isolates the membrane from the penetration and provides a watertight seal.
+
+### The flashing shall accommodate the thermal movement, vibration, and differential settlement between the penetration and the membrane without tearing or debonding.
+
+### Pipe penetrations shall be flashed with prefabricated pipe boots or field-fabricated conical flashings.
+
```datasheet
label: Pipe Penetration Flashing Method
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### Every penetration through the roof membrane — pipe, conduit, duct, equipment support, structural post — shall be flashed with a manufacturer-supplied or fabricated flashing that isolates the membrane from the penetration and provides a watertight seal.
−
−### The flashing shall accommodate the thermal movement, vibration, and differential settlement between the penetration and the membrane without tearing or debonding.
−
−### Pipe penetrations shall be flashed with prefabricated pipe boots or field-fabricated conical flashings.
−
### All prefabricated boots shall be heat-welded (TPO, PVC) or adhered with tape and primer (EPDM) to the field membrane.
…27 unchanged lines
### A typical aluminum coping cap can expand approximately 1/8 inch per 10-foot panel for a 100°F temperature swing. {note}
−```datasheet
−label: Coping Cap Material
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Aluminum, minimum 0.050 in (18 ga) thickness"
− - "Galvanized steel, minimum 24 ga (G90 coating)"
− - "Stainless steel, minimum 24 ga (coastal and corrosive environments)"
− - "Copper, minimum 20 oz per sq ft (historic and premium projects)"
−default: "Aluminum, minimum 0.050 in (18 ga) thickness"
−```
+### The coping cap finish shall be specified for each coping cap installation.
```datasheet
…10 unchanged lines
### Coping cap design, material, gauge, and joint details shall conform to SMACNA Architectural Sheet Metal Manual and shall achieve the ANSI/SPRI ES-1 wind-pressure classification equal to or exceeding the design edge-zone pressure.
+```datasheet
+label: Coping Cap Material
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Aluminum, minimum 0.050 in (18 ga) thickness"
+ - "Galvanized steel, minimum 24 ga (G90 coating)"
+ - "Stainless steel, minimum 24 ga (coastal and corrosive environments)"
+ - "Copper, minimum 20 oz per sq ft (historic and premium projects)"
+default: "Aluminum, minimum 0.050 in (18 ga) thickness"
+```
+
### Coping caps that are not ES-1-tested for the design wind pressure shall not be installed; code compliance (IBC Section 1504.5) and FM Global requirements both mandate ES-1 compliance.
…38 unchanged lines
### Properly welded seams fail in the membrane body, not at the weld interface; clean interface separation indicates insufficient weld temperature, speed, or pressure. {note}
+### All TPO and PVC field seams and flashing seams shall be made by hot-air welding with automatic or hand-welding equipment.
+
+### The seam overlap shall be a minimum of 1-1/2 inches of welded width for automatic welders and 1 inch for hand welders, measured after welding.
+
```datasheet
label: Minimum Field Seam Weld Width (TPO / PVC)
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### All TPO and PVC field seams and flashing seams shall be made by hot-air welding with automatic or hand-welding equipment.
−
−### The seam overlap shall be a minimum of 1-1/2 inches of welded width for automatic welders and 1 inch for hand welders, measured after welding.
−
### The weld shall be continuous and shall be probed with a rounded seam probe (cotter pin test) after welding and cooling, and the probe shall not be able to enter the weld without tearing the membrane.
…44 unchanged lines
### Walkway pads protect the membrane from foot traffic and provide slip resistance in wet conditions. {note}
+### Membrane walkway pads shall be installed at all roof access hatches, fixed ladders, rooftop mechanical equipment requiring routine maintenance access, and any other locations designated on the roof plan.
+
+### Walkway pads shall be the same membrane material as the field membrane (or a manufacturer-approved compatible material), a minimum of 45 mils thick, and heat-welded (TPO, PVC) or bonded with adhesive (EPDM) to the field membrane.
+
```datasheet
label: Walkway Pad Attachment Method
…5 unchanged lines
```
−### Membrane walkway pads shall be installed at all roof access hatches, fixed ladders, rooftop mechanical equipment requiring routine maintenance access, and any other locations designated on the roof plan.
−
−### Walkway pads shall be the same membrane material as the field membrane (or a manufacturer-approved compatible material), a minimum of 45 mils thick, and heat-welded (TPO, PVC) or bonded with adhesive (EPDM) to the field membrane.
−
### Loose-laid walkway pads are not acceptable because they lift, migrate, and trap water and debris beneath them. {note}
…36 unchanged lines
### ELD using low-voltage or high-voltage methods can detect defects in the membrane that are not visible during visual inspection; ELD is particularly effective over adhered membranes and over membranes installed over conductive cover boards, while its effectiveness over ballasted systems is limited. {note}
+### At the Architect's or Owner's direction, or as required by the membrane manufacturer for NDL warranty issuance, flood testing shall be performed by temporarily blocking all drains and flooding the membrane surface with a minimum 2-inch depth of water for a minimum of 24 hours.
+
+### The deck below shall be inspected for leaks during the flood.
+
+### After testing, drains shall be unblocked and the roof shall be allowed to drain completely.
+
+### Flood testing shall not be performed on decks or structures that are not designed for the water load imposed, and the structural engineer shall confirm the allowable load before flood testing is requested.
+
+### Where flood testing is impractical due to structural limits, drain locations, or large roof areas, electronic leak detection (ELD) shall be used as an alternative or supplement.
+
```datasheet
label: Post-Installation Leak Testing Method
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### At the Architect's or Owner's direction, or as required by the membrane manufacturer for NDL warranty issuance, flood testing shall be performed by temporarily blocking all drains and flooding the membrane surface with a minimum 2-inch depth of water for a minimum of 24 hours.
−
−### The deck below shall be inspected for leaks during the flood.
−
−### After testing, drains shall be unblocked and the roof shall be allowed to drain completely.
−
−### Flood testing shall not be performed on decks or structures that are not designed for the water load imposed, and the structural engineer shall confirm the allowable load before flood testing is requested.
−
−### Where flood testing is impractical due to structural limits, drain locations, or large roof areas, electronic leak detection (ELD) shall be used as an alternative or supplement.
−
## Core Cuts and Substrate Inspection {toc}
…26 unchanged lines
### This warranty is in addition to, and does not substitute for, the membrane manufacturer's warranty. {note}
+### The Contractor shall provide a written warranty against defects in workmanship and against leaks attributable to the installation for a minimum of two years from the date of substantial completion.
+
```datasheet
label: Contractor Installation Warranty Period
…5 unchanged lines
```
−### The Contractor shall provide a written warranty against defects in workmanship and against leaks attributable to the installation for a minimum of two years from the date of substantial completion.
−
### The warranty shall cover the labor and materials required to repair any installation defect.
## Membrane Manufacturer's Warranty {toc}
### Two warranty types are available and shall be specified.
−### A **standard (dollar-limit) warranty** covers the cost of membrane materials only, subject to a prorated declining cap based on the remaining warranty term, and provides limited protection against major failures late in the warranty term. {note}
−### A **No Dollar Limit (NDL) warranty** covers the full cost of repairing qualifying leaks — labor and materials, without a monetary cap — for the warranty term, and requires an authorized contractor, a manufacturer inspection before issuance, and typically a higher-performance installation (greater thickness, additional flashing detail requirements, or minimum drain sump conditions). {note}
−### The elimination of the dollar cap eliminates the risk of a large mid-warranty repair bill. {note}
```datasheet
…5 unchanged lines
default: "NDL (No Dollar Limit) warranty — full labor and materials, no cap"
```
+### A **standard (dollar-limit) warranty** covers the cost of membrane materials only, subject to a prorated declining cap based on the remaining warranty term, and provides limited protection against major failures late in the warranty term. {note}
+### A **No Dollar Limit (NDL) warranty** covers the full cost of repairing qualifying leaks — labor and materials, without a monetary cap — for the warranty term, and requires an authorized contractor, a manufacturer inspection before issuance, and typically a higher-performance installation (greater thickness, additional flashing detail requirements, or minimum drain sump conditions). {note}
+### The elimination of the dollar cap eliminates the risk of a large mid-warranty repair bill. {note}
+### The membrane manufacturer shall provide a written warranty against defects in materials and workmanship, installed by an authorized contractor, for the specified warranty term.
+
```datasheet
label: Manufacturer Warranty Term
…9 unchanged lines
```
+### NDL warranties are strongly recommended for new construction and for re-roofing projects where the Owner will carry the building for the full warranty term. {note}
+
+### The Contractor shall confirm NDL warranty eligibility conditions with the specific manufacturer before submittal.
+
+### The Contractor shall identify any project condition that may affect NDL warranty eligibility at the time of submittal, not after installation is complete.
+
+### NDL warranty eligibility typically requires authorized installer status; minimum membrane thickness (often 60 mil minimum for NDL, with 80 mil required for extended terms); specified flashing and penetration details from the manufacturer's published NDL detail set; a manufacturer pre-warranty inspection; and, in some programs, a minimum number of primary and overflow drains above a density threshold. {note}
+
+### Warranty coverage shall include the membrane and all manufacturer-supplied accessories and seam materials; the cover board and insulation layers where included in the manufacturer's assembly warranty; and flashings and penetration boots installed with manufacturer-supplied products.
+
```datasheet
label: Warranty Coverage Scope
…8 unchanged lines
```
−### The membrane manufacturer shall provide a written warranty against defects in materials and workmanship, installed by an authorized contractor, for the specified warranty term.
−
−### NDL warranties are strongly recommended for new construction and for re-roofing projects where the Owner will carry the building for the full warranty term. {note}
−
−### The Contractor shall confirm NDL warranty eligibility conditions with the specific manufacturer before submittal.
−
−### The Contractor shall identify any project condition that may affect NDL warranty eligibility at the time of submittal, not after installation is complete.
−
−### NDL warranty eligibility typically requires authorized installer status; minimum membrane thickness (often 60 mil minimum for NDL, with 80 mil required for extended terms); specified flashing and penetration details from the manufacturer's published NDL detail set; a manufacturer pre-warranty inspection; and, in some programs, a minimum number of primary and overflow drains above a density threshold. {note}
−
−### Warranty coverage shall include the membrane and all manufacturer-supplied accessories and seam materials; the cover board and insulation layers where included in the manufacturer's assembly warranty; and flashings and penetration boots installed with manufacturer-supplied products.
−
### Warranty exclusions (typically damage from traffic, abuse, unauthorized modifications, chemical exposure from HVAC discharge, and acts of nature) shall be disclosed to the Owner at the time of contract so that the Owner can establish appropriate maintenance protocols and rooftop access controls.
…65 unchanged lines
### The plasticizer from the PVC migrates into the bituminous facer, stiffening the membrane, causing brittleness, and ultimately cracking. {note}
### Material compatibility confirmation between the membrane, adhesive, and cover board is a required submittal item and must be documented before installation begins.