Miscellaneous Metals
Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
Showing changes from Rev 6
to Rev 7
in Miscellaneous Metals.
---
title: Miscellaneous Metals
…111 unchanged lines
- "Welder and welding-operator qualification records (AWS D1.1 / D1.6)"
- "Galvanizer's certificate of compliance (ASTM A123 / A153) with coating-thickness data"
−default: [Certified mill test reports for steel, tubing, pipe, plate, and stainless, Welder and welding-operator qualification records (AWS D1.1 / D1.6), Galvanizer's certificate of compliance (ASTM A123 / A153) with coating-thickness data]
+default:
+ - "Certified mill test reports for steel, tubing, pipe, plate, and stainless"
+ - "Welder and welding-operator qualification records (AWS D1.1 / D1.6)"
+ - "Galvanizer's certificate of compliance (ASTM A123 / A153) with coating-thickness data"
```
…14 unchanged lines
- "Galvanizing-repair records (method and material)"
- "Warranty documentation"
−default: [Operation and maintenance data for ladder safety systems, As-built records of field-authorized modifications to embeds, anchorage, or dimensions, Galvanizing-repair records (method and material), Warranty documentation]
+default:
+ - "Operation and maintenance data for ladder safety systems"
+ - "As-built records of field-authorized modifications to embeds, anchorage, or dimensions"
+ - "Galvanizing-repair records (method and material)"
+ - "Warranty documentation"
```
…26 unchanged lines
### The Contractor shall coordinate the delivery of embeds and the placement schedule so that retrofitting a missed embed by coring and post-installed anchorage is avoided.
−# Materials {toc}
+# Carbon Steel {toc}
−## Carbon Steel {toc}
+## Plates, Shapes, and Bars {toc}
−### Plates, Shapes, and Bars {toc}
+### A36 is the default plate, shape, and bar material — the workhorse of miscellaneous metals, used for lintels, shelf angles, embed plates, edge angles, frames, supports, and brackets. {note}
−#### A36 is the default plate, shape, and bar material — the workhorse of miscellaneous metals, used for lintels, shelf angles, embed plates, edge angles, frames, supports, and brackets. {note}
+### Steel plates, structural shapes, angles, channels, and bars shall conform to ASTM A36/A36M, or to ASTM A572/A572M where a higher yield strength is required by the design.
```datasheet
…6 unchanged lines
```
−#### Steel plates, structural shapes, angles, channels, and bars shall conform to ASTM A36/A36M, or to ASTM A572/A572M where a higher yield strength is required by the design.
+### A36 is used as the default unless a member is designed for a load that requires the higher-strength grade. {note}
−#### A36 is used as the default unless a member is designed for a load that requires the higher-strength grade. {note}
+## Structural Tubing {toc}
−### Structural Tubing {toc}
−
```datasheet
label: Structural Tubing (HSS) Grade
…5 unchanged lines
```
−#### Square, rectangular, and round hollow structural sections (HSS) shall conform to ASTM A500/A500M, Grade B or Grade C.
+### Square, rectangular, and round hollow structural sections (HSS) shall conform to ASTM A500/A500M, Grade B or Grade C.
−#### HSS is used for ladder rails and rungs, ship's-ladder stringers, tube bollards, equipment-support framing, and guard rails; Grade C provides a higher specified minimum yield strength than Grade B and is increasingly the production standard for square and rectangular HSS. {note}
+### HSS is used for ladder rails and rungs, ship's-ladder stringers, tube bollards, equipment-support framing, and guard rails; Grade C provides a higher specified minimum yield strength than Grade B and is increasingly the production standard for square and rectangular HSS. {note}
−### Steel Pipe {toc}
+## Steel Pipe {toc}
```datasheet
…6 unchanged lines
```
−#### Steel pipe, used principally for pipe bollards, ladder rungs and rails, and pipe guard rails, shall conform to ASTM A53/A53M, Type E (electric-resistance-welded) or Type S (seamless), Grade B.
+### Steel pipe, used principally for pipe bollards, ladder rungs and rails, and pipe guard rails, shall conform to ASTM A53/A53M, Type E (electric-resistance-welded) or Type S (seamless), Grade B.
−#### Pipe selected for bollards shall be standard-weight (Schedule 40) unless a heavier wall is required for the impact rating.
+### Pipe selected for bollards shall be standard-weight (Schedule 40) unless a heavier wall is required for the impact rating.
−### Sheet and Strip {toc}
+## Sheet and Strip {toc}
−#### Hot-rolled carbon steel sheet and strip shall conform to ASTM A1011/A1011M; heavy-thickness hot-rolled sheet shall conform to ASTM A1018/A1018M.
+### Hot-rolled carbon steel sheet and strip shall conform to ASTM A1011/A1011M; heavy-thickness hot-rolled sheet shall conform to ASTM A1018/A1018M.
−#### Floor plate (checkered / raised-pattern plate) shall conform to ASTM A786/A786M.
+### Floor plate (checkered / raised-pattern plate) shall conform to ASTM A786/A786M.
−## Stainless Steel {toc}
+# Stainless Steel {toc}
```datasheet
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### Where stainless steel is specified — for exposed exterior items in corrosive or coastal exposure, food-service and laboratory environments, or where appearance and corrosion resistance govern — plate, sheet, and strip shall conform to ASTM A240/A240M and bars and shapes to ASTM A276/A276M, in the specified alloy.
+## Where stainless steel is specified — for exposed exterior items in corrosive or coastal exposure, food-service and laboratory environments, or where appearance and corrosion resistance govern — plate, sheet, and strip shall conform to ASTM A240/A240M and bars and shapes to ASTM A276/A276M, in the specified alloy.
−### Type 304/304L is the general-purpose stainless; Type 316/316L provides greater resistance to chlorides and is specified for coastal, deicing-salt, and aggressive chemical exposure. {note}
+## Type 304/304L is the general-purpose stainless; Type 316/316L provides greater resistance to chlorides and is specified for coastal, deicing-salt, and aggressive chemical exposure. {note}
−## Fasteners and Anchors {toc}
+# Fasteners and Anchors {toc}
−### Bolts and Threaded Rod {toc}
+## Bolts and Threaded Rod {toc}
```datasheet
…7 unchanged lines
```
−#### Common-grade bolts, studs, and threaded rod shall conform to ASTM A307.
+### Common-grade bolts, studs, and threaded rod shall conform to ASTM A307.
−#### High-strength bolt assemblies, where required by the connection design, shall conform to ASTM F3125.
+### High-strength bolt assemblies, where required by the connection design, shall conform to ASTM F3125.
−#### Cast-in anchor rods shall conform to ASTM F1554 of the specified grade.
+### Cast-in anchor rods shall conform to ASTM F1554 of the specified grade.
−#### Fasteners shall be corrosion-protected to match the exposure and the item finish — galvanized fasteners (ASTM A153) for galvanized items and exterior exposure, stainless fasteners where galvanic compatibility with a stainless item requires it.
+### Fasteners shall be corrosion-protected to match the exposure and the item finish — galvanized fasteners (ASTM A153) for galvanized items and exterior exposure, stainless fasteners where galvanic compatibility with a stainless item requires it.
−### Post-Installed Anchors {toc}
+## Post-Installed Anchors {toc}
−#### Where items are anchored to hardened concrete or masonry rather than to cast-in embeds, post-installed anchors (expansion, screw, or adhesive) shall be of a type with current evaluation-report recognition for the base material and the load type (including cracked-concrete and seismic qualification where required), installed per the manufacturer's published instructions and the embedment the design requires.
+### Where items are anchored to hardened concrete or masonry rather than to cast-in embeds, post-installed anchors (expansion, screw, or adhesive) shall be of a type with current evaluation-report recognition for the base material and the load type (including cracked-concrete and seismic qualification where required), installed per the manufacturer's published instructions and the embedment the design requires.
−#### Post-installed anchorage shall not be substituted for a designed cast-in embed without the Engineer's approval.
+### Post-installed anchorage shall not be substituted for a designed cast-in embed without the Engineer's approval.
# Shop Finishes {toc}
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# Fixed Steel Ladders {toc}
−## General Requirements {toc}
+## Rung Spacing and Climbing Clearances {toc}
```datasheet
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### This is the controlling decision for any fixed ladder over 24 ft of climbing height. {note}
+### A fixed ladder erected on or after November 19, 2018 that extends more than 24 ft above a lower level shall be equipped with a personal fall arrest system or a ladder safety system, per 29 CFR 1910.23.
+
```datasheet
label: Fixed-Ladder Fall Protection (climb over 24 ft)
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```
−### A fixed ladder erected on or after November 19, 2018 that extends more than 24 ft above a lower level shall be equipped with a personal fall arrest system or a ladder safety system, per 29 CFR 1910.23.
−
### A cage or well by itself shall not be specified as the fall-protection method for new or replaced ladders.
…63 unchanged lines
### The required type depends on function. {note}
+### The bollard type required at each location shall be specified, based on the function the bollard is intended to serve.
+
```datasheet
label: Bollard Type
…17 unchanged lines
### The post diameter and embedment are [[drawing: as indicated on the bollard details]]. {note}
+### Bollards shall be steel pipe (ASTM A53 Grade B) or HSS (ASTM A500), of the diameter and wall thickness required for the function and impact resistance.
+
```datasheet
label: Bollard Pipe / Post Nominal Diameter
…9 unchanged lines
```
+### Pipe bollards shall be capped with a steel plate or a domed cap and, where shown, filled with concrete to add mass and impact resistance.
+
```datasheet
label: Bollard Core Fill
…14 unchanged lines
```
−### Bollards shall be steel pipe (ASTM A53 Grade B) or HSS (ASTM A500), of the diameter and wall thickness required for the function and impact resistance.
−
−### Pipe bollards shall be capped with a steel plate or a domed cap and, where shown, filled with concrete to add mass and impact resistance.
−
## Embedment and Footing {toc}
…39 unchanged lines
### Lintel lengths and the openings they serve are [[drawing: as scheduled on the drawings]]. {note}
−```datasheet
−label: Loose Lintel Minimum End Bearing
−type: select
−unit: in
−drawing_ref: true
−options:
− - "4 in. each end (typical residential and light commercial)"
− - "6 in. each end (wider openings, heavier loads)"
− - "Per structural design"
−default: "4 in. each end (typical residential and light commercial)"
−```
+### Loose steel lintels — angles or built-up sections set into masonry to span openings — shall be of the size and configuration the design requires and shall be hot-dip galvanized where they support exterior masonry or are otherwise exposed to moisture.
```datasheet
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### Loose steel lintels — angles or built-up sections set into masonry to span openings — shall be of the size and configuration the design requires and shall be hot-dip galvanized where they support exterior masonry or are otherwise exposed to moisture.
−
### Each lintel shall bear on the masonry a minimum of 4 in. at each end unless the design requires more.
+```datasheet
+label: Loose Lintel Minimum End Bearing
+type: select
+unit: in
+drawing_ref: true
+options:
+ - "4 in. each end (typical residential and light commercial)"
+ - "6 in. each end (wider openings, heavier loads)"
+ - "Per structural design"
+default: "4 in. each end (typical residential and light commercial)"
+```
+
### Insufficient bearing concentrates load on the masonry edge and can crack the supporting course, which is why minimum end bearing is enforced. {note}
…2 unchanged lines
### Shelf angles support masonry veneer at floor lines and over openings and are continuously loaded by the veneer above. {note}
+### Shelf angles shall be hot-dip galvanized for corrosion resistance, because they are buried in the wall where corrosion cannot be inspected and a corroding angle expands and cracks the veneer.
+
```datasheet
label: Shelf Angle Finish
…5 unchanged lines
```
−```datasheet
−label: Shelf Angle Horizontal-Leg Deflection Limit
−type: select
−options:
− - "L/600 and not more than 1/16 in. at toe (standard)"
− - "Per structural design and contract documents"
−default: "L/600 and not more than 1/16 in. at toe (standard)"
−```
+### The horizontal leg shall be sized to support the design portion of the veneer wythe.
+### Shelf angle runs shall be provided in segments with gaps between segments to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction and to align with the building's movement joints.
+
```datasheet
label: Shelf Angle Segmentation
…5 unchanged lines
```
−### Shelf angles shall be hot-dip galvanized for corrosion resistance, because they are buried in the wall where corrosion cannot be inspected and a corroding angle expands and cracks the veneer.
−
−### The horizontal leg shall be sized to support the design portion of the veneer wythe.
−
−### Shelf angle runs shall be provided in segments with gaps between segments to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction and to align with the building's movement joints.
−
### Continuous, gap-free angle runs bind and distort as the steel expands, which is why segmentation is required. {note}
### Deflection of the horizontal leg under masonry load shall be limited to the value the design requires (commonly L/600 and not more than 1/16 in. at the toe) so the veneer joint does not close.
+```datasheet
+label: Shelf Angle Horizontal-Leg Deflection Limit
+type: select
+options:
+ - "L/600 and not more than 1/16 in. at toe (standard)"
+ - "Per structural design and contract documents"
+default: "L/600 and not more than 1/16 in. at toe (standard)"
+```
+
# Loose Embedded Steel {toc}
…2 unchanged lines
### Embed locations, orientations, and anchorage are [[drawing: as indicated on the structural and embed layout drawings]]. {note}
+### The embed plate anchorage type shall be specified, developed for the design force at each embed location shown on the structural and embed layout drawings.
+
```datasheet
label: Embed Plate Anchorage
…143 unchanged lines
### Supports and their connection to the structure are [[drawing: as indicated on the structural and mechanical drawings]]. {note}
+### Steel supports, stands, dunnage, and framing that carry mechanical, electrical, or plumbing equipment but are not part of the building's structural frame shall be fabricated to carry the equipment's operating and seismic loads, and where the load is significant the support design shall be delegated and submitted with sealed calculations.
+
+### Rooftop dunnage shall be detailed and located so it transfers load to the building structure (not to the roof deck alone) and so roofing and flashing can be completed around it.
+
```datasheet
label: Equipment Support Design Basis
…5 unchanged lines
```
+### Dunnage supports shall be hot-dip galvanized for the rooftop exposure.
+
```datasheet
label: Rooftop Dunnage Finish
…5 unchanged lines
```
−### Steel supports, stands, dunnage, and framing that carry mechanical, electrical, or plumbing equipment but are not part of the building's structural frame shall be fabricated to carry the equipment's operating and seismic loads, and where the load is significant the support design shall be delegated and submitted with sealed calculations.
−
−### Rooftop dunnage shall be detailed and located so it transfers load to the building structure (not to the roof deck alone) and so roofing and flashing can be completed around it.
−
−### Dunnage supports shall be hot-dip galvanized for the rooftop exposure.
−
## Guard Rails and Wheel Guards for Equipment Protection {toc}
…104 unchanged lines
## Manufacturer warranties for ladder safety systems, removable-bollard hardware, and coatings shall be passed through to the Owner and included in the closeout submittals.