Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
---
title: Non-Shrink Grout
…22 unchanged lines
### Non-shrink grout fills the clearance between a leveled base plate and its concrete bearing surface so that the full plate area bears uniformly and load transfers without voids, settlement, or loss of contact. {note}
−### The defining property is dimensional stability: it must maintain bearing contact under sustained compressive load through the life of the connection. {note}
+### The defining property is dimensional stability: it must maintain bearing contact under sustained compressive load through the life of the connection.
### The grout shall not exhibit net shrinkage that would break bearing contact between the plate and the substrate.
…121 unchanged lines
## Grout shall be placed and cured within the temperature range specified on the manufacturer's data sheet, and in no case shall placement proceed with a substrate below 40 °F.
−### ASTM C1107 grout and typical manufacturer data assume a placement and cure window of roughly 45-90 °F; outside that window, strength gain, set time, and nonshrink behavior all drift from the qualified values. {note}
−
−### Below 45 °F, hydration slows and the grout may not reach its leveling-nut load before being disturbed; above 90 °F, accelerated set shortens the working window and increases the risk of plastic shrinkage. {note}
−
−## Epoxy grout shall not be specified for sustained service temperatures above the manufacturer's heat-deflection limit.
−
−### Two-component epoxy grout softens under prolonged heat (commonly above about 120 °F) and generates significant exotherm in deep pours; matching the product to the service temperature is essential for heavy equipment near hot processes. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Placement Temperature Range (Ambient)
…16 unchanged lines
```
+### ASTM C1107 grout and typical manufacturer data assume a placement and cure window of roughly 45-90 °F; outside that window, strength gain, set time, and nonshrink behavior all drift from the qualified values. {note}
+
+### Below 45 °F, hydration slows and the grout may not reach its leveling-nut load before being disturbed; above 90 °F, accelerated set shortens the working window and increases the risk of plastic shrinkage. {note}
+
+## Epoxy grout shall not be specified for sustained service temperatures above the manufacturer's heat-deflection limit.
+
+### Two-component epoxy grout softens under prolonged heat (commonly above about 120 °F) and generates significant exotherm in deep pours; matching the product to the service temperature is essential for heavy equipment near hot processes. {note}
+
+### Whether cold-weather protection is required for grout placement shall be specified, based on the anticipated ambient and substrate temperatures at the time of placement.
+
```datasheet
label: Cold-Weather Protection Required
…21 unchanged lines
## The grout type shall be selected to match the load magnitude, chemical exposure, thermal exposure, and dynamic service of the application.
−### Cementitious non-shrink grout is the default for static structural base plates and most equipment; epoxy grout is reserved for heavy dynamic loads, aggressive chemical exposure, or where the highest strength and impact resistance are required. {note}
−
−## Cementitious grout shall be a packaged, dry, hydraulic-cement non-shrink grout complying with ASTM C1107, requiring only the addition of water at the site.
−
−### Field-blended sand-cement mixes are not non-shrink grout; the nonshrink performance is a property of the proprietary packaged product, verified by the manufacturer to ASTM C827 and C157. {note}
−
−## Cementitious grout shall use a nonmetallic (silica or natural mineral) aggregate.
−
−### Metallic, iron-based aggregate grout oxidizes when exposed to moisture, causing rust staining and surface spalling; nonmetallic aggregate is preferred for nearly all modern applications, including all exterior and wet exposures. {note}
−
−## Epoxy grout, where specified, shall be a two-component or three-component thermosetting system qualified by the manufacturer to ASTM C579 for compressive strength and ASTM C413 for absorption.
−
−### There is no single ASTM product standard for two-component epoxy grout equivalent to ASTM C1107; epoxy grout is governed by manufacturer qualification testing to the relevant ASTM test methods. {note}
−
−## Admixtures shall not be added to packaged grout except those expressly permitted by the manufacturer's published data sheet.
−
−### Adding water or unapproved admixtures to improve flow raises the water-cement ratio, lowers strength, and can void the nonshrink performance; consistency is adjusted only by the manufacturer-approved method. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Grout Type
…7 unchanged lines
```
+### Cementitious non-shrink grout is the default for static structural base plates and most equipment; epoxy grout is reserved for heavy dynamic loads, aggressive chemical exposure, or where the highest strength and impact resistance are required. {note}
+
+## Cementitious grout shall be a packaged, dry, hydraulic-cement non-shrink grout complying with ASTM C1107, requiring only the addition of water at the site.
+
+### Field-blended sand-cement mixes are not non-shrink grout; the nonshrink performance is a property of the proprietary packaged product, verified by the manufacturer to ASTM C827 and C157. {note}
+
+## Cementitious grout shall use a nonmetallic (silica or natural mineral) aggregate.
+
```datasheet
label: Aggregate Type (Cementitious)
…4 unchanged lines
```
−# Consistency and Grade {toc}
+### Metallic, iron-based aggregate grout oxidizes when exposed to moisture, causing rust staining and surface spalling; nonmetallic aggregate is preferred for nearly all modern applications, including all exterior and wet exposures. {note}
−## The grout consistency shall be selected to match the clearance depth under the plate and the access available for placement.
+## Epoxy grout, where specified, shall be a two-component or three-component thermosetting system qualified by the manufacturer to ASTM C579 for compressive strength and ASTM C413 for absorption.
−### ASTM C1107 defines Grades A, B, and C by the time period over which the nonshrink requirement applies; in practice these correspond to fluid, flowable, and plastic (dry-pack) consistencies respectively. {note}
+### There is no single ASTM product standard for two-component epoxy grout equivalent to ASTM C1107; epoxy grout is governed by manufacturer qualification testing to the relevant ASTM test methods. {note}
−### Fluid grout is self-leveling and poured, flowable grout is poured with a slight head and rodded, and plastic grout is rodded or hand-packed into deep or one-sided pockets where a poured grout would bridge. {note}
+## Admixtures shall not be added to packaged grout except those expressly permitted by the manufacturer's published data sheet.
−## Fluid or flowable consistency shall be used for placements with through-access or a head box where the grout can flow fully beneath the plate.
+### Adding water or unapproved admixtures to improve flow raises the water-cement ratio, lowers strength, and can void the nonshrink performance; consistency is adjusted only by the manufacturer-approved method. {note}
−## Plastic (dry-pack) consistency shall be used where access is restricted to one side or where the pocket is too deep for a poured grout to consolidate without voids.
+# Consistency and Grade {toc}
−## The selected consistency shall achieve a minimum effective bearing area of 95 percent of the base plate area in contact with cured grout.
+## The grout consistency shall be selected to match the clearance depth under the plate and the access available for placement.
−### Effective bearing area is the fraction of the plate that actually bears on solid grout; voids and unfilled zones reduce it and concentrate load on the contact points, which is the failure this standard exists to prevent. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Consistency / Grade
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### ASTM C1107 defines Grades A, B, and C by the time period over which the nonshrink requirement applies; in practice these correspond to fluid, flowable, and plastic (dry-pack) consistencies respectively. {note}
+
+### Fluid grout is self-leveling and poured, flowable grout is poured with a slight head and rodded, and plastic grout is rodded or hand-packed into deep or one-sided pockets where a poured grout would bridge. {note}
+
+## Fluid or flowable consistency shall be used for placements with through-access or a head box where the grout can flow fully beneath the plate.
+
+## Plastic (dry-pack) consistency shall be used where access is restricted to one side or where the pocket is too deep for a poured grout to consolidate without voids.
+
+## The selected consistency shall achieve a minimum effective bearing area of 95 percent of the base plate area in contact with cured grout.
+
```datasheet
label: Minimum Effective Bearing Area
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### Effective bearing area is the fraction of the plate that actually bears on solid grout; voids and unfilled zones reduce it and concentrate load on the contact points, which is the failure this standard exists to prevent. {note}
+
# Compressive Strength {toc}
…4 unchanged lines
## The 28-day compressive strength shall equal or exceed the value assumed for the grout in the structural base plate design.
−## High-early-strength grout shall be specified where the structure or equipment must be loaded before the standard grout reaches its design strength.
−
−## Epoxy grout, where specified, shall develop the manufacturer's published compressive strength tested to ASTM C579.
−
−### Two-component epoxy grout typically develops 12,000-14,000 psi at 7 days per ASTM C579, well above cementitious grout, which is why it is selected for the heaviest and most impact-prone bases. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Specified 28-Day Compressive Strength
…8 unchanged lines
```
+## High-early-strength grout shall be specified where the structure or equipment must be loaded before the standard grout reaches its design strength.
+
```datasheet
label: Early Strength Requirement
…5 unchanged lines
```
+## Epoxy grout, where specified, shall develop the manufacturer's published compressive strength tested to ASTM C579.
+
+### Two-component epoxy grout typically develops 12,000-14,000 psi at 7 days per ASTM C579, well above cementitious grout, which is why it is selected for the heaviest and most impact-prone bases. {note}
+
# Volume Change (Nonshrink Performance) {toc}
…6 unchanged lines
## Grout expansion shall not be so large as to crack the grout shoulder or lift the base plate off its leveling supports.
−### Excessive expansion is as harmful as shrinkage: it can crack the exposed grout edge or jack the plate against its anchors; this is why expansion is required to be controlled, not maximized. {note}
+### Excessive expansion is as harmful as shrinkage: it can crack the exposed grout edge or jack the plate against its anchors; this is why expansion is required to be controlled, not maximized.
# Substrate Preparation {toc}
## The concrete substrate shall have reached a minimum compressive strength of 3,000 psi before grouting unless the structural drawings require a higher value.
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum Substrate Compressive Strength Before Grouting
+type: range
+unit: psi
+min: 3000
+max: 5000
+step: 500
+default: 3000
+```
+
### ACI PRC-351.1R guidance is that the substrate be substantially mature before grouting so the bearing concrete does not become the weak link beneath a high-strength grout. {note}
## The bearing surface shall be roughened to remove laitance and expose sound aggregate, achieving an ICRI concrete surface profile of CSP 5 to CSP 7.
+```datasheet
+label: Substrate Surface Profile (ICRI CSP)
+type: range
+unit: "CSP"
+min: 5
+max: 9
+step: 1
+default: 6
+```
+
### Laitance is the weak surface skin left by bleed water; grout bonded to laitance delaminates under load. Roughening to a CSP 5-7 profile removes it and creates mechanical key for the grout. {note}
…10 unchanged lines
### Epoxy chemistry is the opposite of cementitious: water on the surface interferes with the bond and cure, so epoxy substrates are dried, not pre-soaked. {note}
−```datasheet
−label: Substrate Surface Profile (ICRI CSP)
−type: range
−unit: "CSP"
−min: 5
−max: 9
−step: 1
−default: 6
−```
+### The substrate moisture condition at placement shall be specified, matched to the grout chemistry used: saturated surface-dry for cementitious grout and clean and dry for epoxy grout.
```datasheet
…6 unchanged lines
```
−```datasheet
−label: Minimum Substrate Compressive Strength Before Grouting
−type: range
−unit: psi
−min: 3000
−max: 5000
−step: 500
−default: 3000
−```
−
# Clearance Depth and Lift Limits {toc}
…113 unchanged lines
## Cementitious grout shall be wet-cured or cured with a manufacturer-approved curing compound for a minimum of 3 days, and 7 days where practical, at an ambient temperature of 50 °F or above.
−### Cementitious grout depends on retained moisture to gain strength; premature drying at the exposed edges causes surface shrinkage cracking and a weak skin even when the core is sound. {note}
−
−## A curing compound shall not be applied to any concrete surface that will receive grout, nor to the grout bearing surface itself.
−
−### A curing compound left on the bearing concrete is a bond breaker; that is why curing compound is excluded from the grouted contact area, even though it is acceptable on the exposed grout shoulder. {note}
−
−## Exposed grout edges shall be protected with wet burlap, insulating blankets, or an approved curing compound immediately after the forms permit.
−
−## Epoxy grout shall be cured per the manufacturer's instructions and shall not require wet curing.
−
−### Epoxy grout cures by chemical reaction rather than hydration, so it is not wet-cured; its cure schedule and minimum temperature are governed entirely by the manufacturer's data sheet. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Curing Method (Cementitious)
…16 unchanged lines
```
+### Cementitious grout depends on retained moisture to gain strength; premature drying at the exposed edges causes surface shrinkage cracking and a weak skin even when the core is sound. {note}
+
+## A curing compound shall not be applied to any concrete surface that will receive grout, nor to the grout bearing surface itself.
+
+### A curing compound left on the bearing concrete is a bond breaker; that is why curing compound is excluded from the grouted contact area, even though it is acceptable on the exposed grout shoulder. {note}
+
+## Exposed grout edges shall be protected with wet burlap, insulating blankets, or an approved curing compound immediately after the forms permit.
+
+## Epoxy grout shall be cured per the manufacturer's instructions and shall not require wet curing.
+
+### Epoxy grout cures by chemical reaction rather than hydration, so it is not wet-cured; its cure schedule and minimum temperature are governed entirely by the manufacturer's data sheet. {note}
+
# Testing {toc}
…49 unchanged lines
## Grout shall be stored off the ground in a dry, covered location and protected from moisture, freezing, and temperature extremes.
−### Cementitious grout that has absorbed moisture in storage partially hydrates and loses strength and flow; epoxy components are temperature-sensitive and must be conditioned to the manufacturer's range before mixing. {note}
+### Cementitious grout that has absorbed moisture in storage partially hydrates and loses strength and flow; epoxy components are temperature-sensitive and must be conditioned to the manufacturer's range before mixing.
## Grout that has exceeded its shelf life, shows signs of moisture damage, or has lumped or hardened in the bag shall not be used.
…32 unchanged lines
## The Contractor shall deliver to the Owner unopened spare grout where field re-grouting or future equipment mounting is anticipated.
−### Keeping a small stock of the exact grout used lets the Owner re-grout a relocated piece of equipment or repair a damaged edge with the same qualified product rather than an unmatched substitute. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Spare Grout Delivered
…5 unchanged lines
default: "None"
```
+
+### Keeping a small stock of the exact grout used lets the Owner re-grout a relocated piece of equipment or repair a damaged edge with the same qualified product rather than an unmatched substitute. {note}