1 Scope
NOTE This standard covers the selection, materials, performance requirements, supports, trim, installation, and acceptance testing of plumbing fixtures for commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings. (1.1)
NOTE The scope begins at the fixture supply stop on the water side and at the fixture outlet or integral trap on the waste side, and includes all components that are part of the fixture assembly: the fixture itself, the carrier or support, the supply stops, the trim (handles, escutcheons, flush valves, faucets), the tailpiece and P-trap where exposed at the fixture, the strainer or pop-up waste, and any integral mixing or backflow control. (1.2)
NOTE Plumbing fixtures are the public-facing surface of the entire plumbing system and are among the highest sources of life-cycle cost in any building, through water consumption, hot water consumption, maintenance frequency, and replacement intervals; this standard establishes baselines that meet the federal Energy Policy Act (EPAct) maximums, comply with the EPA WaterSense Specifications where applicable, and reflect the configurations actually procured by commercial and institutional projects. (1.3)
NOTE A water closet that uses 1.6 gpf instead of 1.28 gpf, multiplied by typical commercial usage, can add tens of thousands of gallons per fixture per year, and a lavatory faucet that delivers 2.2 gpm instead of 0.5 gpm wastes both water and the energy embedded in the hot water it draws. (1.4)
1.5 Coordination and Drawings
NOTE This standard establishes the material, performance, and trim requirements that govern those drawings. (1.5.2)
1.5.4 The Contractor shall coordinate scald protection and recirculation temperature with Water Heaters, and shall coordinate any required fixture-supply backflow protection with Backflow Prevention. 1.6 Accessibility Baseline
1.6.1 Accessibility requirements throughout this standard are stated as federal-baseline requirements per the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design and ICC A117.1.
1.6.2 Projects in jurisdictions that impose more restrictive accessibility requirements shall comply with the more stringent requirement.
2 Referenced Standards
2.1 Fixtures, fittings, supports, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of the following standards and codes.
2.2 Precedence
2.2.1 Where the contract documents, the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ), or a referenced standard impose conflicting requirements, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
2.2.2 The applicable plumbing code — International Plumbing Code (IPC) or Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) as adopted by the jurisdiction — shall take precedence over all other references on any matter directly addressed by that code.
2.3 Referenced Standards List
| Standard |
Title |
| IPC |
International Plumbing Code (Chapter 4 — Fixtures, Faucets, and Fixture Fittings) |
| UPC |
Uniform Plumbing Code (Chapter 4 — Plumbing Fixtures and Fixture Fittings) |
| ASME A112.19.2 |
Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures (water closets, urinals, lavatories, sinks of vitreous china) |
| ASME A112.19.3 |
Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures |
| ASME A112.19.5 |
Flush Valves and Spuds for Water Closets, Urinals, and Tanks |
| ASME A112.19.7 |
Hydromassage Bathtub Appliances (referenced for exclusion) |
| ASME A112.19.14 |
Six-Liter Water Closets Equipped with a Dual Flushing Device |
| ASME A112.18.1 / CSA B125.1 |
Plumbing Supply Fittings (faucets and supply fittings) |
| ASME A112.18.2 / CSA B125.2 |
Plumbing Waste Fittings (tailpieces, P-traps, strainers, pop-ups) |
| ASME A112.6.1M |
Floor-Affixed Supports for Off-the-Floor Plumbing Fixtures for Public Use |
| ASME A112.6.2 |
Framing-Affixed Supports for Off-the-Floor Water Closets with Concealed Tanks |
| ASME A112.6.3 |
Floor and Trench Drains (referenced for floor drains adjacent to fixtures) |
| ASSE 1001 |
Performance Requirements for Atmospheric Type Vacuum Breakers |
| ASSE 1002 |
Performance Requirements for Anti-Siphon Fill Valves (Ballcocks) for Gravity Water Closet Flush Tanks |
| ASSE 1016 / ASME A112.1016 / CSA B125.16 |
Performance Requirements for Automatic Compensating Valves for Individual Showers and Tub/Shower Combinations |
| ASSE 1037 |
Performance Requirements for Pressurized Flushing Devices (Flushometers) for Plumbing Fixtures |
| ASSE 1070 / ASME A112.1070 / CSA B125.70 |
Performance Requirements for Water Temperature Limiting Devices |
| ANSI Z358.1 |
Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment |
| EPA WaterSense Specifications |
WaterSense Specification for Tank-Type Toilets; Flushometer Tank Toilets; Flushometer-Valve Water Closets; Urinals; Lavatory Faucets; Showerheads |
| Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) |
Maximum Water Use Levels for Plumbing Products (federal) |
| 2010 ADA Standards |
2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design |
| ICC A117.1 |
Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities |
| NSF/ANSI 61 |
Drinking Water System Components — Health Effects |
| NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 |
Drinking Water System Components — Lead Content (0.25% maximum weighted average) |
| ASME A112.19.12 |
Wall-Mounted, Pedestal-Mounted, Adjustable, Elevated, Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers |
| ASTM A276 |
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes (fixture trim) |
| ASTM A312 |
Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes |
| ICC/ANSI A117.1 |
Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities (referenced by IBC) |
3 Submittals
3.1 Action Submittals
3.1.1 Contractor shall submit the following for the Engineer's review prior to procurement and installation:
- Product data for each fixture indicated on the fixture schedule, identifying the manufacturer, model number, material, color and finish, mounting type (floor, wall-hung), rough-in dimensions, flush volume or flow rate, ADA compliance, and the applicable ASME A112.19.x or equivalent product standard
- Product data for all fixture trim — flush valves, faucets, supply stops, escutcheons, tailpieces, P-traps, and strainers — including the applicable ASME A112.18.1, A112.18.2, A112.19.5, or ASSE standard, the body and waterway material, the flow rate or flush volume at the rated supply pressure, and confirmation of NSF/ANSI 61 and NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 certification for all wetted parts
- Product data for fixture carriers and supports per ASME A112.6.1M, including the carrier's rated load, the fixture model it is listed to support, and the floor or framing connection details
- Product data for accessible fixtures, including the manufacturer's published documentation of compliance with the 2010 ADA Standards and ICC A117.1 — knee clearance, toe clearance, controls reach, lever operation, insulated traps, and lavatory rim height
- Product data for thermostatic and pressure-balancing mixing valves serving showers, lavatories, and group lavatories — including ASSE 1016 (showers) or ASSE 1070 (point-of-use temperature limiting) certification and the maximum delivery temperature setting
- Product data for emergency eyewash and shower equipment per ANSI Z358.1, including the flushing-fluid flow rate, delivery pattern, valve type, activation method, tempered-water source, and signage
- Product data for drinking fountains and bottle fillers, including bubbler flow rate, filter type and capacity (if filtered), refrigeration capacity (if chilled), ADA compliance, and lead-free certification
- WaterSense documentation for any fixture for which WaterSense certification is required by the contract documents or by the local water utility incentive program
☑ Fixture product data with ASME A112.19.x compliance and rough-in dimensions
☐ Fixture trim product data with NSF 61/372 certification
☐ Fixture carrier product data per ASME A112.6.1M with load rating
☐ Accessibility compliance documentation (2010 ADA / ICC A117.1)
☐ Thermostatic / scald-protection valve product data (ASSE 1016 / 1070)
☐ Emergency eyewash and shower product data (ANSI Z358.1)
☐ Drinking fountain and bottle filler product data
☐ EPA WaterSense certification documentation (where required)
3.1.2 Work shall not proceed on any fixture group until the corresponding submittals have been reviewed and returned.
3.2 Closeout Submittals
3.2.1 Contractor shall provide the following at substantial completion before the fixtures are accepted:
- Operation and maintenance (O&M) manuals for every fixture, including flush valve cartridge replacement instructions, faucet cartridge replacement instructions, aerator cleaning instructions, sensor calibration instructions for sensor-operated fixtures, and battery replacement schedules for battery-operated sensor fixtures
- Spare parts inventory delivered to the Owner per the Spare Parts section of this standard
- Manufacturer warranty documentation for each fixture and for trim, with the warranty period commencing at substantial completion or as otherwise indicated in the manufacturer's published terms
- Field test reports demonstrating that each fixture flushes or flows within the manufacturer's specified range, that scald-protection setpoints are set correctly at the valve, and that emergency eyewash and shower equipment satisfies ANSI Z358.1 flow and tempered-water requirements
- ADA accessibility verification record documenting that each accessible fixture is set at the required height, with the required clearances and reach ranges, and that operating controls require no more than 5 lb of force to operate and can be operated with a closed fist
☑ Operation and maintenance (O&M) manuals for every fixture
☑ Spare parts inventory delivered to the Owner
☑ Manufacturer warranty documentation for each fixture and trim
☐ Field test reports (flush/flow, scald setpoints, emergency equipment)
☑ ADA accessibility verification record
4 Quality Assurance
4.1 Installer Qualifications
4.1.1 Fixture installation shall be performed by journeyman plumbers licensed in the jurisdiction where the work is performed and supervised by a licensed plumbing contractor.
4.1.2 Specialty fixtures — emergency eyewash and shower equipment, sensor-operated flushometers, and electronically controlled fixtures — shall be installed by personnel who have received training from the fixture or controls manufacturer in the specific product line.
4.1.3 The Contractor shall maintain on-site documentation of installer training for these products and shall make documentation available for inspection by the Engineer or the AHJ upon request.
4.2 Lead-Free Compliance
4.2.1 All fixture components in contact with potable water — including supply stops, flush valves, faucet bodies and cartridges, supply risers, and tailpieces upstream of the fixture trap weir on potable-water-supplied fixtures — shall be certified to NSF/ANSI/CAN 372, confirming that the weighted average lead content of the wetted surface area does not exceed 0.25 percent.
4.2.2 The Contractor shall maintain current NSF 61 and NSF 372 certification documentation on site throughout construction.
NOTE Lead-free certification is a federal requirement under the Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act (Section 1417 of the Safe Drinking Water Act) and is not subject to project-level waiver. (4.2.3)
4.3 Regulatory and Accessibility Inspection
4.3.1 Each fixture group shall be available for inspection by the AHJ and by the Owner's accessibility consultant where one is engaged.
4.3.2 The Contractor shall coordinate inspection timing and shall not enclose, finish around, or trim out any fixture installation until the rough-in has been inspected and released.
4.3.3 Accessible fixture installations shall be verified for compliance with the 2010 ADA Standards and ICC A117.1 before the wall finish is completed where the wall finish would conceal the carrier offset, supply rough-in heights, or trap insulation.
4.4 Listing and Marking
4.4.1 Each fixture shall bear the applicable ASME A112.19.x designation, the manufacturer's identification, and the model number, legibly marked or cast into the fixture.
4.4.2 Trim shall bear the applicable ASME A112.18.x or A112.19.5 designation, the manufacturer's identification, and the flow rate or flush volume rating.
4.4.3 Fixtures and trim that do not bear the required marking shall not be incorporated into the work.
4.5 Water-Conservation Compliance
○ EPAct maximum (federal minimum required for all fixtures)
● EPA WaterSense Specification (preferred — 20% below EPAct maximum)
Per drawings — drawings and energy model
4.5.1 Every potable-water-supplied fixture installed under this scope shall comply with the maximum water use levels established by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) and subsequent federal rulemakings.
4.5.2 Where the contract documents indicate compliance with the EPA WaterSense Specifications, fixtures shall additionally be certified to the applicable WaterSense Specification and shall bear the WaterSense label.
4.5.3 The Contractor shall not substitute a non-WaterSense-labeled fixture for a WaterSense-labeled fixture without written approval from the Engineer, even when the substituted fixture meets the EPAct maximum.
5 Service Conditions
5.1 Water Supply Pressure
2080
202535456080
Default: 45 psi
Per drawings
5.1.1 Fixture flush valves and faucets shall be selected and installed for the static and flowing supply pressure available at the fixture supply stop.
5.1.2 Where building static pressure exceeds 80 psi at the fixture supply, a pressure reducing valve shall be installed upstream per Domestic Water Piping. NOTE Flushometers require a minimum flowing pressure (typically 25 psi at the flush valve inlet) to operate at the rated flush volume; below this pressure, the flushometer cannot complete its flush cycle and will malfunction, while tank-type water closets are tolerant of supply pressure as low as 20 psi static. (5.1.3)
NOTE Sustained supply pressure above 80 psi accelerates wear of flush valve diaphragms, faucet cartridges, and supply stop O-rings, and is prohibited by IPC and UPC. (5.1.4)
5.2 Hot Water Delivery Temperature
110°F (public-use facilities — IPC / UPC requirement)
105°F (healthcare, childcare, or schools — enhanced scald protection)
120°F (ASSE 1016 maximum)
110°F (childcare, school, or special-needs occupancies)
5.2.1 The maximum delivery temperature at any lavatory, shower, or other fixture used for hand-washing, bathing, or showering shall not exceed the limit established by the adopted plumbing code and by ASSE 1070 (point-of-use temperature-limiting devices) or ASSE 1016 (automatic-compensating shower valves).
5.2.2 Where the building hot water system is maintained at higher temperatures for Legionella control (see Domestic Water Piping and Water Heaters), a thermostatic mixing valve or temperature-limiting valve at the fixture or fixture group shall provide the final temperature control. NOTE The IPC and UPC limit lavatory delivery temperature in public-use facilities to 110°F (43°C) maximum, and ASSE 1016 limits shower delivery temperature to 120°F (49°C) maximum. (5.2.3)
6 Water Closets
6.1 General Requirements
● Floor-mounted, floor-outlet
○ Floor-mounted, wall-outlet (concealed carrier)
○ Wall-hung (concealed carrier per ASME A112.6.1M)
● Vitreous china (ASME A112.19.2) — standard
○ Stainless steel (ASME A112.19.3) — security / detention / vandal-resistant applications
6.1.1 Water closets shall be vitreous china conforming to ASME A112.19.2 unless stainless steel is specifically indicated for security or institutional applications.
6.1.2 Water closets shall be siphon-jet or pressure-assisted bowl design, and washdown bowls shall not be used in new commercial construction.
6.1.3 Fixtures shall be supplied with the manufacturer's matching seat where seats are included in the fixture scope, and the seat selection shall be coordinated with the contract documents.
6.1.4 Bowl trapway diameter shall be not less than 2-1/8 inches at the most restrictive section for full-size commercial bowls.
NOTE Wall-hung water closets supported by a floor-affixed carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M are preferred for high-traffic public restrooms because the wall-hung configuration allows the floor under and around the fixture to be cleaned without obstruction, but require careful coordination of the carrier centerline with the finished wall layout and the waste rough-in. (6.1.6)
NOTE Floor-mounted, floor-outlet water closets are the lowest-cost configuration and are appropriate for back-of-house, single-user, or budget-driven applications where ease of floor cleaning is less critical. (6.1.7)
NOTE Washdown bowls are excluded from new commercial construction because of their lower bowl-clearance performance compared to siphon-jet designs. (6.1.8)
6.2 Flush Volume
1.6 gpf (EPAct maximum, single-flush)
1.28 gpf (WaterSense single-flush — preferred)
Dual-flush — 1.6 / 1.1 gpf
Dual-flush — 1.28 / 0.8 gpf (WaterSense dual-flush)
1.0 gpf (high-efficiency single-flush, where bowl design supports it)
○ Tank-type with ASSE 1002 anti-siphon fill valve (typically small-office or low-traffic public)
● Manual flushometer (lever-operated, exposed flush valve)
○ Sensor-operated flushometer (battery- or hardwired-powered)
6.2.1 Maximum flush volume for water closets installed under this scope shall not exceed 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) per the federal EPAct requirement.
6.2.2 WaterSense-labeled water closets shall not exceed 1.28 gpf.
6.2.3 The effective flush volume of a dual-flush water closet per ASME A112.19.14 shall be calculated per the WaterSense methodology and shall not exceed the rated maximum.
NOTE Dual-flush water closets per ASME A112.19.14 use a reduced volume (typically 0.8 to 1.1 gpf) for liquid waste and the full flush (1.28 or 1.6 gpf) for solid waste. (6.2.4)
NOTE Flushometer-valve water closets are the standard for commercial and institutional restrooms with three or more water closets because they require no tank, recharge instantly between flushes, and have a longer service life than tank-type fixtures under heavy use. (6.2.5)
NOTE Sensor-operated flushometers reduce hand contact with the fixture (an infection-control benefit in healthcare and food-service occupancies) and eliminate user-controlled overuse, but require either hardwired low-voltage power or periodic battery replacement, and have a higher initial cost and a shorter service life for the sensor and solenoid components compared to manual flushometers. (6.2.6)
NOTE Tank-type water closets are appropriate for single-occupant restrooms, small offices, and tenant restrooms where flushometer water hammer or supply-pressure requirements make a flushometer impractical. (6.2.7)
6.3 Flushometer Requirements
● ASSE 1037 — diaphragm-type flushometer (standard)
○ ASSE 1037 — piston-type flushometer (for high-traffic / heavy-cycle applications)
1 in. (standard for water closets)
3/4 in. (urinals)
Polished chrome (standard)
Brushed nickel
Brushed stainless
Polished brass
Matte black PVD
6.3.1 Flushometers shall conform to ASSE 1037 and shall be selected for the flush volume of the water closet they serve.
6.3.2 The flushometer flush volume cartridge or diaphragm shall match the bowl's rated flush volume.
6.3.3 The flushometer body shall be chrome-plated brass; PVD-finished and brushed nickel finishes are acceptable where the contract documents specify a non-chrome finish.
6.3.4 Flushometers shall include an integral angle stop with a screwdriver-operated control, a vacuum breaker conforming to ASSE 1001 above the rim of the fixture, and a back-check valve to prevent contamination of the supply piping during a negative-pressure event.
NOTE Flushometers and bowls are matched as a system, and the standard 6-inch minimum air gap required for vacuum-breaker protection is built into the flush-valve tailpiece. (6.3.5)
6.4 Tank-Type Water Closet Requirements
6.4.1 Tank-type water closets shall have a vitreous china tank conforming to ASME A112.19.2 and shall be furnished with the manufacturer's matching fill valve and flush valve.
6.4.2 Fill valves shall conform to ASSE 1002.
6.4.3 The fill valve shall be installed so that the critical level of the anti-siphon device is above the tank's overflow tube.
6.4.4 Tank-to-bowl bolts shall be brass.
6.4.5 The tank lid shall be furnished by the same manufacturer as the tank and shall fit the tank without rocking.
NOTE ASSE 1002 fill valves protect the potable water supply from siphonage of tank water in the event of a negative pressure event in the supply piping, and brass tank-to-bowl bolts are required because steel bolts corrode in the tank water and stain the fixture. (6.4.6)
6.5 Accessibility
1719
1717.51819
Default: 17 in
● Open (transfer) side of fixture — required by 2010 ADA Section 604.6
○ Sensor-operated (no handle, automatic flush)
6.5.1 Water closets serving accessible compartments and accessible single-user restrooms shall comply with the 2010 ADA Standards (Section 604) and ICC A117.1.
6.5.2 The water closet seat height shall be 17 to 19 inches above the finished floor.
6.5.3 The water closet centerline shall be 16 to 18 inches from the side wall on the grab-bar side.
6.5.4 The flush control shall be on the open (transfer) side of the water closet and shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, with no more than 5 lb of operating force.
6.5.5 Where a manual flushometer handle is used, it shall be the wide-blade type that can be operated by the side of a closed fist or a forearm.
NOTE Sensor-operated flushometers comply with the operating-force requirement of 2010 ADA Section 604.6 because they require no manual actuation. (6.5.6)
7 Urinals
7.1 General Requirements
Washout — siphon-jet bowl with integral trap (standard commercial)
Washdown — bowl with separate trap (lower-cost, lower performance)
Waterless / non-water urinal (cartridge-based sealant)
● Vitreous china (ASME A112.19.2) — standard
○ Stainless steel (ASME A112.19.3) — detention / vandal-resistant
7.1.1 Urinals shall be vitreous china conforming to ASME A112.19.2 unless stainless steel is specifically indicated.
7.1.2 Urinals shall be wall-hung supported by a concealed carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M.
7.1.3 Floor-mounted urinals shall not be specified in new construction.
7.1.4 Trough urinals shall not be used in new construction.
7.1.5 The Contractor shall coordinate any waterless urinal installation with Sanitary Waste And Vent Piping to confirm that the drain piping is compatible with concentrated urine. NOTE Individual urinals provide both better hygiene and accessibility compliance than trough urinals, and washout (siphon-jet) urinals are the standard for commercial restrooms because the integral trap, designed bowl geometry, and engineered flush profile produce reliable solids and liquid clearing at the rated flush volume. (7.1.6)
NOTE Waterless urinals replace water flushing with a sealant cartridge that traps urine and prevents sewer gas escape; they eliminate flush water consumption and supply piping to the fixture, but require periodic cartridge replacement and may require modifications to drain piping material to prevent uric acid scale buildup. (7.1.7)
7.2 Flush Volume
1.0 gpf (EPAct maximum)
0.5 gpf (WaterSense maximum)
0.25 gpf (high-efficiency)
0.125 gpf (ultra-low-flush, preferred for new construction)
0 gpf (waterless / non-water urinal)
7.2.1 Maximum urinal flush volume per EPAct is 1.0 gpf.
7.2.2 WaterSense-labeled urinals shall not exceed 0.5 gpf.
NOTE High-efficiency urinals using 0.125 gpf (one pint per flush) are widely available and procurable from multiple manufacturers, and are the preferred selection for new commercial construction; waterless urinals are scored as 0 gpf for water-conservation calculation purposes. (7.2.3)
7.3 Urinal Flushometer
○ Manual flushometer (lever-operated)
● Sensor-operated flushometer (battery or hardwired)
○ Not applicable — waterless urinal
7.3.1 Urinal flushometers shall conform to ASSE 1037 and shall match the urinal's rated flush volume.
7.3.2 The flush volume cartridge or diaphragm shall be confirmed to match the bowl rating.
7.3.3 Sensor-operated urinal flushometers shall provide an override mechanism (manual button or extended-hold sensor) to allow maintenance flushing.
NOTE Inlet size is typically 3/4 inch, and sensor-operated flushometers are common in public-use restrooms because of the hygiene benefit of no-touch operation. (7.3.4)
7.4 Accessibility
1317
13141517
Default: 17 in
7.4.1 Where one or more urinals is provided in a room, at least one shall be accessible per the 2010 ADA Standards (Section 605).
7.4.2 The rim of the accessible urinal shall be not more than 17 inches above the finished floor.
7.4.3 The accessible urinal shall be stall-type or wall-hung with the rim elongated to provide the required reach depth.
7.4.4 The flush control of the accessible urinal shall be no more than 44 inches above the finished floor.
8 Lavatories
8.1 General Requirements
Wall-hung with concealed carrier (ASME A112.6.1M)
Counter-set drop-in (self-rimming)
Counter-set under-counter (under-mount)
Counter-set vessel (above-counter)
Pedestal
Integral with countertop (solid surface, quartz, or stone)
Vitreous china (ASME A112.19.2)
Enameled cast iron
Stainless steel Type 304 (ASME A112.19.3)
Stainless steel Type 316 (ASME A112.19.3) — high-chloride or food-service-adjacent
Solid surface (acrylic / polyester composite, integral or sealed)
Cultured marble / engineered stone
8.1.1 Lavatories shall be vitreous china, enameled cast iron, stainless steel, or solid surface depending on the application and the design intent.
8.1.2 Lavatories shall be supported by a wall-affixed concealed carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M where wall-hung.
8.1.3 Counter-set (drop-in, under-counter, or vessel) lavatories shall be supported by the counter and shall be sealed to the counter with sanitary silicone sealant.
NOTE Material selection drives the visual character of the restroom, the durability of the fixture, and the cost, and vitreous china is the standard for commercial restroom lavatories because it is durable, easy to clean, available in many shapes and sizes, and cost-effective. (8.1.4)
NOTE Stainless steel is preferred for high-vandal, high-traffic, healthcare, and detention applications because of its impact resistance and ease of repair, and solid surface lavatories are common in modern healthcare and hospitality applications because they can be fabricated as an integral, seamless basin-and-counter assembly that eliminates the rim joint where contamination accumulates. (8.1.5)
NOTE Pedestal lavatories are appropriate for some hospitality and high-design contexts but are not preferred for high-use public restrooms because they restrict counter space and cleaning access. (8.1.6)
8.2 Faucet
Manual single-handle faucet
Manual two-handle (separate hot/cold)
Manual single-temperature (cold only, or pre-mixed warm)
Sensor-operated single-temperature
Sensor-operated mixed temperature
Metering / self-closing (push-button or push-cartridge)
0.5 gpm (WaterSense / public restroom maximum)
0.35 gpm (high-efficiency)
0.25 gpm (ultra-low-flow metered)
1.5 gpm (WaterSense private-use maximum)
1.2 gpm (high-efficiency)
2.2 gpm (EPAct private-use maximum)
1030
1015202530
Default: 15 seconds
8.2.1 Lavatory faucets shall conform to ASME A112.18.1 and shall have a maximum flow rate of 0.5 gallons per minute (gpm) at 60 psi for public lavatory faucets, per EPAct and the WaterSense Specification for Lavatory Faucets.
8.2.2 Private-use lavatory faucets (in private offices, hotel guest rooms, and dwelling units) may have flow rates up to 2.2 gpm but shall not exceed 1.5 gpm where WaterSense compliance is required.
8.2.3 Aerators shall be vandal-resistant in public restrooms.
NOTE Sensor-operated faucets reduce hand contact, eliminate user-controlled overuse, and are required by many healthcare infection-control protocols, but require either hardwired low-voltage power or periodic battery replacement, and have a sensor and solenoid with finite service life. (8.2.4)
NOTE Metering faucets, which close automatically a few seconds after the user releases the handle, are a lower-cost, no-power alternative that achieves similar water savings and are appropriate where the cost or maintenance of sensor electronics is undesirable. (8.2.5)
8.3 Scald Protection
ASSE 1070 mixing valve at each fixture
ASSE 1070 mixing valve at fixture group (manifold-served lavatories)
Tempered hot water supply at the building level (no fixture-level mixing valve required)
Single-handle faucet with internal temperature limit stop
8.3.1 Lavatory faucets serving public-use lavatories shall be protected against scald by a thermostatic mixing valve or temperature-limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070, installed at the fixture or at a fixture group.
8.3.2 The maximum delivery temperature at the lavatory shall not exceed 110°F per IPC and UPC.
8.3.3 Healthcare, childcare, and school applications shall limit delivery temperature to 105°F.
NOTE Single-temperature (pre-mixed) lavatory faucets connected to a tempered hot water supply provide a simpler installation with no fixture-level mixing valve, but require a tempered-water distribution system upstream. (8.3.4)
8.4 Tailpiece, Trap, and Insulation
● 17-gauge chrome-plated brass (commercial standard)
○ 20-gauge chrome-plated brass (residential-grade)
○ Polypropylene (laboratory or chemical-resistance applications)
● Molded insulation kit on trap and hot/cold supply lines (required for ADA-accessible lavatories)
○ Not required (fixture is not in an accessible group)
8.4.1 Lavatory tailpieces, P-traps, and supply risers shall conform to ASME A112.18.2.
8.4.2 Tailpieces shall be 17-gauge chrome-plated brass for exposed installations and Schedule 40 PVC for concealed installations.
8.4.3 The trap and supply lines under accessible lavatories shall be insulated against contact with bare skin per the 2010 ADA Standards (Section 606.5).
8.4.4 The insulation shall be the molded-cover type with sealed seams, not field-wrapped insulating tape.
8.5 Accessibility
8.5.1 Lavatories serving accessible restrooms and accessible single-user restrooms shall comply with the 2010 ADA Standards (Section 606) and ICC A117.1.
8.5.2 The lavatory rim shall be 34 inches maximum above the finished floor.
8.5.3 Knee clearance shall be at least 27 inches high, 30 inches wide, and 8 inches deep at the lavatory front.
8.5.4 Toe clearance shall continue from 9 inches above the floor at 8 inches deep to 17 inches deep at the floor level.
8.5.5 Faucet controls shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, with no more than 5 lb of operating force.
NOTE Sensor-operated and lever-handle faucets satisfy the one-hand, no-tight-grasping operating requirement; knob handles do not. (8.5.6)
9 Sinks
9.1 Service Sinks and Mop Sinks
● Molded stone / terrazzo (cast stone with integral threshold)
○ Floor-set fiberglass / molded composite
○ Stainless steel Type 304 — floor-set with integral threshold
● Wall-mounted service faucet with vacuum breaker, hose thread outlet, pail hook, and integral stops
○ Wall-mounted service faucet with thermostatic mixing
9.1.1 Service sinks (mop sinks) shall be floor-set molded stone, terrazzo, or stainless steel, with an integral threshold to retain water on three sides.
9.1.2 The fixture shall include a service-sink faucet with a hose connection (rough threads, vacuum breaker integral to the faucet body conforming to ASSE 1001), a wall-mounted faucet body, and an integral floor-set trap connection.
9.1.3 Service sinks shall be installed in custodial closets, mechanical rooms, and at floor locations indicated on the drawings.
9.2 Hand-Wash Sinks
Sensor-operated single-temperature faucet (preferred for healthcare and food service)
Wrist-blade lever-handle two-handle faucet
Knee-operated valve with gooseneck spout
Foot-pedal valve with gooseneck spout
9.2.1 Hand-wash sinks in food preparation, healthcare, and restroom-adjacent locations shall be stainless steel Type 304 conforming to ASME A112.19.3.
9.2.2 Hand-wash sinks shall be wall-hung with a concealed carrier or counter-set per the contract documents.
9.2.3 The faucet shall be a wrist-blade or sensor-operated single-temperature mixing faucet supplied with tempered water, providing 0.5 gpm maximum flow per WaterSense, with the temperature limited to 110°F.
9.2.4 Hand-wash sinks in healthcare environments shall comply with the specific requirements of the Facility Guidelines Institute (FGI) Guidelines for the applicable occupancy.
9.3 Kitchen Sinks (Non-Food-Service)
● Single bowl
○ Double bowl, equal compartments
○ Double bowl, large-and-small
1.5 gpm (WaterSense kitchen faucet)
1.8 gpm (high-efficiency kitchen faucet)
2.2 gpm (EPAct maximum kitchen faucet)
9.3.1 Kitchen sinks in break rooms, office kitchens, hotel suites, and non-commercial-kitchen applications shall be stainless steel Type 304 (18-gauge minimum, 16-gauge preferred for high-use applications) conforming to ASME A112.19.3, with sound-deadening pads bonded to the underside.
9.3.2 Bowl depth shall be 7-1/2 inches minimum.
9.3.3 Kitchen sink faucets shall be deck-mounted single-handle pull-down or wall-mounted gooseneck depending on the contract documents.
NOTE Commercial food-service sinks, three-compartment sinks, pre-rinse units, and pot sinks are outside the scope of this standard and shall be specified under the food-service equipment scope. (9.3.4)
10 Showers
10.1 General Requirements
Pre-fabricated single-piece (acrylic or FRP) — standard hospitality and dormitory
Pre-fabricated multi-piece (acrylic or FRP) — for retrofit and tight access
Field-built with waterproof pan and tile finish — architectural / custom
Solid surface custom-fabricated
Cast iron with porcelain enamel — institutional / detention
10.1.1 Showers shall consist of a shower receptor or pan, walls, drain, valve, showerhead, and any accessories indicated on the drawings.
10.1.2 Pre-fabricated single-piece or multi-piece shower stalls shall be acrylic or fiberglass-reinforced polyester (FRP) conforming to the applicable ASTM or industry standard.
10.1.3 Field-built showers shall be constructed with a waterproof pan membrane, a properly sloped sub-pan, and tile, solid surface, or sheet-good wall finishes.
NOTE For field-built showers, the architectural and waterproofing scope governs the receptor and wall finish. (10.1.4)
10.2 Shower Valve — Scald Protection
○ Pressure-balancing (ASSE 1016 Type P)
● Thermostatic (ASSE 1016 Type T)
○ Combination pressure-balancing / thermostatic (ASSE 1016 Type TP)
100120
105110115120
Default: 110 °F
10.2.1 Shower valves shall be automatic-compensating mixing valves conforming to ASSE 1016 / ASME A112.1016 / CSA B125.16.
10.2.2 The shower valve shall include either pressure-balancing, thermostatic, or combination pressure-balancing/thermostatic compensation, and shall maintain the delivered water temperature within ±3.6°F (±2°C) of the user setpoint during pressure and temperature fluctuations in the supply.
10.2.3 The maximum delivery temperature shall be field-set at the valve to not more than 120°F per ASSE 1016.
10.2.4 Childcare, school, and certain healthcare applications shall be field-set to 110°F maximum.
NOTE Pressure-balancing valves are the lowest-cost compliant option and protect against pressure-induced temperature swings (the classic "scalded by a toilet flush" failure mode) but do not compensate for slow drift in supply temperature. (10.2.5)
NOTE Thermostatic valves measure outlet temperature and adjust the mix ratio to hold the setpoint regardless of supply pressure or temperature variations, and are preferred for hospitality, healthcare, and any application where user comfort across long shower durations matters; combination valves provide both protections and are the highest-performance and highest-cost option, typically used in institutional and high-end residential applications. (10.2.6)
10.3 Showerhead Flow Rate
2.5 gpm (EPAct maximum)
2.0 gpm (WaterSense maximum — preferred)
1.75 gpm (high-efficiency)
1.5 gpm (ultra-low-flow, where occupant satisfaction is verified)
Fixed wall-mounted single showerhead
Handheld on slide bar (accessible showers — required)
Combination fixed plus handheld with diverter
Ceiling-mounted rain head
10.3.1 Showerhead maximum flow rate per EPAct is 2.5 gallons per minute (gpm) at 80 psi.
10.3.2 WaterSense-labeled showerheads shall not exceed 2.0 gpm.
10.3.3 Showerhead style — fixed wall-mount, handheld, multi-function, or combination — shall be as indicated on the drawings.
10.3.4 Accessible showers shall include a handheld showerhead on a 60-inch minimum hose, mounted on a slide bar, per the 2010 ADA Standards.
10.4 Accessible Showers
● Transfer-type (36 in. × 36 in. with fixed seat)
○ Roll-in-type (30 in. × 60 in., no seat or with folding seat)
○ Standard alternate roll-in (60 in. × 30 in. with seat per drawings)
10.4.1 Accessible showers shall comply with the 2010 ADA Standards (Sections 607, 608) and ICC A117.1.
10.4.2 The accessible shower configuration shall be transfer-type (a 36 inch by 36 inch compartment with a transfer seat opposite the controls) or roll-in-type (a 30 inch by 60 inch compartment with controls on the long wall opposite the entry).
10.4.3 The controls shall be located on the wall opposite the seat in transfer showers, or on the wall opposite the back wall in roll-in showers, at 38 to 48 inches above the finished floor.
10.4.4 A handheld showerhead on a slide bar with a hose of at least 60 inches shall be provided.
10.4.5 Grab bars shall be coordinated with the architectural drawings.
11 Drinking Fountains and Bottle Fillers
11.1 General Requirements
Combination bi-level drinking fountain with integral bottle filler (preferred)
Single-level drinking fountain
Bi-level drinking fountain (adult and child / accessible heights)
Bottle filler only (no bubbler)
Stand-alone wall-mounted drinking fountain with separate bottle filler
11.1.1 Drinking fountains and bottle-filling stations shall conform to ASME A112.19.12 and shall be NSF/ANSI 61 and NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 certified.
11.1.2 Drinking fountains and bottle-filling stations shall be wall-hung with a concealed carrier supporting the unit.
11.1.3 Drinking fountains shall be furnished with a bubbler that produces a sanitary stream of water at a flow rate and angle that allows users to drink without contacting the bubbler.
11.1.4 Bottle fillers shall be sensor-activated and shall deliver water through a no-touch fill spout into a user-supplied container.
NOTE Combination bi-level drinking fountains with integral bottle fillers are the standard for new commercial construction because they provide both adult-height and accessible-height bubblers, satisfy the IPC and UPC requirement for at least two units where more than one drinking fountain is provided, and provide a no-touch bottle filler, which has become the dominant method of obtaining drinking water in public buildings. (11.1.5)
11.2 Chilling and Filtration
● Refrigerated (chilled, ~50°F)
○ Non-refrigerated (delivers ambient cold-water-system temperature)
● Filtered (NSF 42 / NSF 53 cartridge, lead-reduction certified)
○ Unfiltered (relies on building water quality)
NOTE Refrigerated (chilled) drinking fountains include an integral compressor and a small storage tank to deliver chilled water at a typical setpoint of 50°F. (11.2.1)
NOTE Filtered drinking fountains include a filter cartridge (typically NSF 42 / NSF 53 certified) that reduces chlorine taste and particulates, and in many cases also reduces lead, with a filter cartridge service life typically of 6 to 12 months depending on usage and water quality. (11.2.2)
11.3 Accessibility
3036
30323436
Default: 36 in
3843
38404243
Default: 38 in
11.3.1 Drinking fountains shall comply with the 2010 ADA Standards (Section 602) and ICC A117.1.
11.3.2 Where more than one drinking fountain is provided in a space, at least one shall be at the wheelchair-accessible spout height (no more than 36 inches above the finished floor) and at least one shall be at the standing-user spout height (38 to 43 inches above the finished floor).
11.3.3 The accessible unit shall provide knee and toe clearance at the unit comparable to the lavatory clearance requirements.
11.3.4 The bottle filler shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting.
NOTE Sensor-operated bottle fillers satisfy the one-hand, no-tight-grasping operating requirement. (11.3.5)
12 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment
12.1 General Requirements
Combination drench shower and eyewash (most common for chemical hazard areas)
Drench shower only (whole-body hazard areas)
Eyewash only (eye-hazard areas)
Eye/face wash
Personal portable eyewash (supplementary only, not primary)
12.1.1 Emergency eyewash, eye/face wash, drench shower, and combination eyewash-and-shower equipment shall conform to ANSI Z358.1.
12.1.2 Plumbing fixtures installed under this scope shall meet ANSI Z358.1 requirements for flushing-fluid flow rate, pattern, valve type, activation, and tempered-water supply.
NOTE Locations and types are determined by the hazard assessment for the facility, which is performed under the safety and occupational health scope rather than this plumbing standard. (12.1.4)
12.2 Flow Rate, Pattern, and Activation
0.43
0.413
Default: 0.4 gpm
2030
202530
Default: 20 gpm
● Single-motion stay-open valve (push-paddle, pull-rod, or foot-treadle)
○ Hand-held continuous-hold valve (NOT permitted as primary; supplementary only)
12.2.1 Eyewash equipment shall deliver flushing fluid at not less than 0.4 gpm (1.5 L/min) for at least 15 minutes, with the spray pattern and head heights complying with ANSI Z358.1.
12.2.2 Drench showers shall deliver not less than 20 gpm (75.7 L/min) for at least 15 minutes, with a spray pattern of at least 20 inches in diameter at 60 inches above the floor.
12.2.3 Combination units shall deliver both flows simultaneously.
12.2.4 The activation valve shall be a single-motion stay-open valve that goes from closed to fully open in one second or less and remains open without continuous holding.
12.2.5 The activation valve shall require a deliberate action to close.
NOTE The single-motion stay-open valve is typically a push-paddle or pull-rod design. (12.2.6)
12.3 Tempered Flushing Fluid
● Dedicated emergency-service thermostatic mixing valve (ASSE 1071) at the equipment
○ Building tempered-water distribution loop (where dedicated emergency loop is provided)
○ Heat-traced cold water with point-of-use temperature management
12.3.1 Emergency flushing fluid shall be tempered to a temperature between 60°F and 100°F (16°C to 38°C) per ANSI Z358.1.
12.3.2 A dedicated emergency-service thermostatic mixing valve sized for the equipment flow rate shall supply the equipment from a tempered-water source.
12.3.3 The mixing valve shall be of the failsafe type that defaults to a safe (cold) output if the hot supply is interrupted.
NOTE Cold-water-only emergency equipment can drive the affected person off the unit due to cold-water hypothermia before the required 15-minute flush is complete, and hot-water-only equipment can cause thermal injury. (12.3.4)
12.4 Accessibility and Signage
● ANSI Z358.1 compliant sign (green-and-white pictogram) at each unit
○ Highlighted ceiling sign visible from path of egress (in addition to wall sign)
12.4.1 Emergency equipment shall be located on the same level as the hazard, shall be reachable within 10 seconds of the hazard with no obstructions in the travel path, and shall be highly visible.
12.4.2 Each unit shall be identified with a sign meeting ANSI Z358.1 requirements (typically a green-and-white sign with the universal eyewash or drench shower pictogram).
12.4.3 The floor area below the equipment shall be unobstructed for at least 16 inches around the activated discharge pattern.
13 Fixture Carriers and Supports
13.1 ASME A112.6.1M Carriers
● ASME A112.6.1M floor-affixed carrier with cast-iron faceplate and integral fitting
○ ASME A112.6.2 framing-affixed carrier (for concealed-tank installations)
● Cast iron with epoxy coating
○ Cast iron, uncoated (interior dry locations only)
○ Ductile iron with epoxy coating
13.1.1 All wall-hung fixtures — water closets, urinals, lavatories, and drinking fountains — shall be supported by a floor-affixed or wall-affixed carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M.
13.1.2 The carrier model shall be selected to match the fixture's outlet configuration, the wall thickness, and the rated fixture load.
13.1.3 The carrier shall be installed plumb, square, and at the elevation required to position the finished fixture rim at the specified rough-in dimensions, accounting for the finished wall and finished floor thicknesses.
13.1.4 Carriers shall be set before the wall is finished.
NOTE The carrier transfers the static and dynamic loads from the fixture to the building structure without imposing loads on the wall finish, the fixture rough-in waste piping, or the supply piping, and setting a carrier into a finished wall opening is difficult and increases the risk of carrier misalignment that becomes visible only after the fixture is hung. (13.1.5)
13.2 Load Rating
500 lb (ASME A112.6.1M minimum)
750 lb (heavy-duty commercial)
1000 lb (bariatric — non-acute healthcare)
1500 lb (bariatric — acute healthcare and detention)
13.2.1 Carriers shall be rated for a static load equal to the sum of the fixture weight and the user weight at the fixture, plus a dynamic load factor.
13.2.2 Commercial water closet carriers shall be rated for a minimum 500-pound static load at the fixture extension per ASME A112.6.1M.
13.2.3 Bariatric-rated carriers (for healthcare facilities specifying bariatric patient capacity) shall be rated for the bariatric design load specified by the Owner, typically 1000 to 1500 pounds.
13.3 Lavatory and Drinking Fountain Carriers
○ Wall-affixed chair carrier with adjustable arm
● Wall-affixed concealed-arm carrier
○ Counter-supported (drop-in / under-mount lavatories) — no carrier
13.3.1 Lavatory carriers shall be wall-affixed chair-type or concealed-arm-type per the fixture manufacturer's recommendation and the wall construction.
13.3.2 Drinking fountain carriers shall be selected for the unit weight (which is substantially greater for chilled units containing the compressor and water tank) and shall be installed plumb with the floor-fountain centerline coordinated with the architectural drawings.
NOTE Concealed-arm carriers provide a cleaner finished appearance for high-design hospitality and healthcare applications. (13.3.3)
14 Supply Stops and Connections
14.1 General Requirements
1/4-turn ball-type with lever handle (preferred)
1/4-turn ball-type with screwdriver-operated (for concealed installations)
Multi-turn straight or angle stop (lower-cost residential)
Loose-key stop (NOT permitted in publicly accessible locations)
● Chrome-plated braided stainless steel flex (commercial standard)
○ Chrome-plated copper, formed to fit
○ PEX with crimped fittings (concealed installations only)
14.1.1 Supply stops shall be furnished at each fixture and shall provide isolation of the individual fixture without affecting adjacent fixtures.
14.1.2 Stops shall be 1/4-turn ball-type with NSF 61/372-certified wetted parts, with a chrome-plated brass body and a 3/8-inch compression or sweat-to-tubing outlet matched to the supply riser.
14.1.3 Loose-key stops shall not be used in publicly-accessible locations; lever-handled stops or screwdriver-stop concealed-handle stops shall be used instead.
NOTE Loose-key stops require a special wrench to operate and delay shut-off in an emergency, which is why they are not permitted in publicly-accessible locations. (14.1.4)
15 Installation
15.1 Coordination with Architectural and Structural Work
15.1.1 Fixture rough-in dimensions and elevations shall be confirmed against the fixture schedule, the manufacturer's approved rough-in drawings, and the architectural drawings before any wall is closed or any floor is poured.
15.1.2 The Contractor shall not deviate from the approved rough-in dimensions.
NOTE Critical dimensions include the fixture centerline-to-wall, the carrier outlet centerline elevation, the finished floor elevation at the fixture, the finished wall surface location, and the supply stop rough-in heights, and a fixture installed at the wrong rough-in elevation cannot be corrected without demolition of the finished wall or floor. (15.1.3)
15.2 Carrier and Rough-In Sequencing
15.2.1 Carriers shall be installed before the rough plumbing inspection and shall be anchored to the structure as detailed in the manufacturer's installation instructions and the structural drawings.
15.2.2 After the carrier is set and the rough plumbing inspection is released, the rough-in waste piping connection to the carrier outlet and the rough-in supply piping connection to the carrier-mounted stop locations shall be completed.
15.2.3 The wall framing and finish shall be installed around the carrier with the required wall-thickness allowance built into the carrier setting.
15.3 Fixture Hanging and Trim
● 100% silicone, mildew-resistant, sanitary grade
○ Acrylic-latex caulk (NOT permitted — fails in wet locations)
15.3.1 Fixtures shall not be hung on carriers until the wall finish is complete, painted, and dry.
15.3.2 Fixtures shall be hung level and plumb, with the manufacturer's required gaskets, seals, and tightening sequence.
15.3.3 Tank-to-bowl bolts on tank-type water closets shall be tightened in an alternating pattern to the manufacturer's specified torque.
15.3.4 Fixture-to-wall caulking shall be sanitary-grade silicone, applied as a continuous bead at the top and sides of wall-hung fixtures and around the entire perimeter of counter-set lavatories.
NOTE Hanging a fixture on a freshly painted or unfinished wall risks scratching, scuffing, or marring the finish during fixture handling, and over-tightening tank-to-bowl bolts cracks the tank or the bowl. (15.3.5)
15.4 Flush Valve and Faucet Trim Installation
15.4.1 Flush valves and faucets shall be installed by personnel who have read the manufacturer's installation instructions for the specific product.
15.4.2 The Contractor shall flush each supply line to a bucket before connecting the trim.
15.4.3 The Contractor shall verify the cartridge or diaphragm rating against the fixture rating.
NOTE Common installation errors that cause early-life failures include over-torquing the supply nut (which deforms the gasket and causes a slow leak that drips for months before being noticed), failing to flush the supply line before connecting the trim (which forces construction debris through the cartridge and damages the seat), and installing the wrong cartridge for the rated flush volume or flow rate (which causes the fixture to be permanently out of spec). (15.4.4)
15.5 Sensor and Battery Installation
15.5.1 Sensor-operated flushometers and faucets shall be installed with the sensor lens unobstructed and aligned with the user's expected position.
15.5.2 Battery-powered units shall have new alkaline or lithium batteries installed at the time of fixture trim-out, and the battery installation date shall be recorded in the O&M documentation so that the Owner can plan replacement at the manufacturer's recommended interval.
15.5.3 Hardwired sensor units shall be powered from the building electrical system per the electrical drawings, with a junction box accessible without removing the fixture.
16 Testing
16.1 General
16.1.1 Each fixture shall be tested for proper operation, leak-free connections, and compliance with the rated flush volume or flow rate before the project is accepted.
16.1.2 Testing shall be performed after all supply piping pressure tests, all drainage piping water tests, and all required AHJ inspections are complete.
16.1.3 The Contractor shall maintain a fixture test log recording each fixture, the test date, the measured flush volume or flow rate at the rated supply pressure, the scald-protection valve setpoint where applicable, and the pass/fail determination.
16.2 Flush Volume Verification
● Required for every flushometer-served fixture before acceptance
○ Required for a representative sample (per Owner / Engineer agreement)
16.2.1 Flush volume for water closets and urinals shall be verified by collecting a single flush in a calibrated graduated container and comparing the measured volume to the rated volume.
16.2.2 Each fixture shall be tested at the available supply pressure, and flush volume shall be within ±10% of the rated volume.
16.2.3 Fixtures that flush short (insufficient water to clear the bowl) or long (water hammer or runaway flush) shall be diagnosed and corrected before acceptance.
16.3 Flow Rate Verification
16.3.1 Flow rate for lavatory, sink, and shower faucets shall be verified by measuring the discharge into a graduated container over a timed interval.
16.3.2 Measured flow shall be within ±10% of the rated flow at the test supply pressure.
16.3.3 Where the measured flow exceeds the rated maximum, the aerator or showerhead flow regulator shall be checked for correct insert.
NOTE Aerators are commonly swapped between fixtures during shipping, and a high-flow aerator installed on a low-flow fixture defeats the entire water-conservation specification. (16.3.4)
16.4 Scald-Protection Setpoint Verification
16.4.1 Each thermostatic mixing valve (ASSE 1070 point-of-use, ASSE 1016 shower) shall have its maximum delivery temperature verified at the fixture by measuring the temperature with a calibrated digital thermometer while the valve is set to maximum hot.
16.4.2 The measured temperature shall not exceed the field-set maximum delivery temperature stated in this standard.
16.4.3 Showers shall be tested with the supply pressure varied to simulate a fixture being flushed elsewhere in the building, and the delivery temperature shall remain within ±3.6°F of the user setpoint.
NOTE Varying the supply pressure during the shower test simulates a fixture being flushed elsewhere in the building, which is the classic scald-failure scenario. (16.4.4)
16.5 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Testing
● Per ANSI Z358.1 — required for every installed unit before acceptance
16.5.1 Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shall be activated and tested at the time of installation per ANSI Z358.1.
16.5.2 The flow rate, spray pattern, height, and tempered-water temperature shall be verified and recorded.
16.5.3 The Contractor shall provide an initial activation test and shall provide instructions to the Owner for the ongoing monthly testing program.
NOTE ANSI Z358.1 also requires monthly user-level testing of all installed emergency equipment throughout the life of the system. (16.5.4)
16.6 ADA Verification
16.6.1 Accessibility-related installation parameters — fixture rim heights, supply rough-in heights, flush handle position, knee and toe clearance, lavatory trap insulation, faucet operating force, and reach ranges — shall be verified for every accessible fixture before acceptance.
16.6.2 A measurable, documented verification record shall be provided for each accessible fixture as part of the closeout documentation.
17 Delivery, Storage, and Handling
17.1 Delivery and Storage
17.1.1 Fixtures shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original protective packaging with all rough-in templates and installation instructions.
17.1.2 Vitreous china, enameled cast iron, and solid surface fixtures shall be stored upright on padded surfaces, kept dry, and protected from construction traffic.
17.1.3 Fixtures shall not be stored in unconditioned spaces where freezing of trapped water in tanks or traps may occur.
17.1.4 Trim, faucets, and flush valves shall be stored in their original packaging with end caps in place to prevent debris from entering the waterway.
NOTE Vitreous china, enameled cast iron, and solid surface fixtures are brittle to localized impact, which is why they require upright storage on padded surfaces. (17.1.5)
17.2 Damaged Fixtures
17.2.1 Damaged fixtures — including chipped enamel, cracked porcelain, gouged solid surface, dented stainless, and visible carrier or trim damage — shall be removed from the project and replaced.
17.2.2 Field-repaired chips, cracks, and gouges shall not be accepted.
NOTE The Owner is paying for a new fixture and shall receive a fixture without visible defects. (17.2.3)
18 Warranty
18.1 Installation Warranty
1 year from substantial completion
2 years from substantial completion
18.1.1 The Contractor shall warrant all fixture installation work — supports, rough-in connections, trim installation, supply stop installation, and final connections — against defects in workmanship and against leakage for the project warranty period following substantial completion.
18.1.2 The installation warranty shall cover labor and incidental materials required to remedy any installation defect, including the replacement of finishes damaged by water leakage from a defective installation.
18.2 Manufacturer Warranty
18.2.1 Manufacturer warranties for fixtures, trim, carriers, and electronic sensor components shall be passed through to the Owner as part of the closeout documentation.
18.2.2 The Contractor shall obtain and transfer all warranty documentation in the form and to the entity specified by the contract documents.
NOTE Typical manufacturer warranty periods are five years on vitreous china and stainless steel fixtures, lifetime on faucet bodies (limited to the original residential or commercial purchaser), five years on flushometer bodies, one to three years on sensor electronics and solenoid components, and one year on cartridges and consumables. (18.2.3)
19 Spare Parts
19.1 The Contractor shall deliver the following spare parts to the Owner at substantial completion, packaged and labeled by fixture type and model:
- Two spare flush valve diaphragms or pistons of each rated flush volume, for each flush valve model installed
- Two spare faucet cartridges for each faucet model installed
- One spare sensor module for each manufacturer of sensor-operated fixtures installed
- A two-year supply of replacement batteries for battery-powered sensor units, based on the manufacturer's published battery life
- One spare flush handle, escutcheon, and supply stop for each model installed (cosmetic damage replacement)
- Two spare aerator inserts of each flow rate for each lavatory and sink faucet model
- Replacement filter cartridges for each filtered drinking fountain, sufficient for the first cartridge change interval recommended by the manufacturer
☑ Flush valve diaphragms / pistons (2 each model)
☐ Faucet cartridges (2 each model)
☐ Sensor modules (1 each manufacturer)
☐ Sensor batteries (two-year supply)
☐ Flush handles, escutcheons, supply stops (1 each model)
☐ Aerator inserts (2 each flow rate)
☐ Drinking fountain filter cartridges (first-change supply)
NOTE Spare parts allow the Owner's facilities team to perform routine cartridge, diaphragm, sensor, and battery replacement during the first year of occupancy without procurement delay. (19.2)