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SynC · SynC Standards

Plumbing Fixtures

Rev6
IssuedAug 26, 2026
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1 Scope

NOTE This standard covers the selection, materials, construction, trim, supports, installation, and acceptance testing of plumbing fixtures in commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings. (1.1)
NOTE The scope begins at the fixture supply stop on the water side and ends at the fixture outlet or integral trap on the waste side. It includes the fixture body, its carrier or support, the supply stop and riser, the exposed tailpiece and trap, the flush valve or faucet and its actuation, the seat, strainer, or bubbler, and any temperature-limiting or backflow device furnished as part of the fixture assembly. (1.2)
NOTE Fixtures are where the plumbing system meets the occupant, and the selections made here set the water and energy consumption of the building for the service life of the installation. A water closet specified at 1.6 gpf rather than 1.28 gpf draws an additional third of a gallon on every flush for twenty years, and a lavatory faucet at 2.2 gpm rather than 0.5 gpm wastes both the water and the energy embedded in the hot water it draws. (1.3)
NOTE The following items sit next to the fixtures but are governed by other standards: (1.4)
  • Waste piping, traps forming part of the drainage system, trap arms, vents, and floor drains
  • Domestic water branch piping, pressure-reducing stations, and disinfection of the distribution system
  • Water heaters, storage tanks, master mixing valves, and the hot water recirculation loop
  • Free-standing thermostatic mixing valves, trap primers, hose bibbs, and water hammer arrestors
  • Grab bars, mirrors, dispensers, toilet compartments, and urinal screens
  • Commercial foodservice sinks, warewashing equipment, and grease-bearing waste fixtures
1.5 The Contractor shall coordinate fixture waste outlet connections, trap arms, and vent connections with Sanitary Waste And Vent PipingSanitary Waste and Vent PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping.
1.6 The Contractor shall coordinate fixture branch supply sizing, available pressure, and pressure-reducing stations upstream of the fixture supply stop with Domestic Water PipingDomestic Water PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/domestic-water-piping.
1.7 The Contractor shall coordinate the delivered hot water temperature and the master mixing arrangement serving these fixtures with Water HeatersCommercial Water HeatersResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/water-heaters.
1.8 The Contractor shall coordinate free-standing thermostatic mixing valves, trap primers, and water hammer arrestors serving these fixtures with Plumbing SpecialtiesPlumbing SpecialtiesResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/plumbing-specialties.
1.9 The Contractor shall coordinate grab bar blocking, mirrors, and dispensers adjacent to the fixtures with Toilet AccessoriesToilet and Bath AccessoriesResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/toilet-accessories, and compartment and screen layout with Toilet CompartmentsToilet CompartmentsResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/toilet-compartments.
1.10 The Contractor shall coordinate flushing and disinfection of the potable system through the installed fixtures with Disinfection Of Water SystemsDisinfection of Domestic Water SystemsResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/disinfection-of-water-systems.

2 Referenced Standards

2.1 Fixtures, fittings, trim, supports, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
2.2 Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
2.3 Where the plumbing code adopted by the jurisdiction addresses a matter directly, that code shall govern over any other reference cited in this standard.
Standard Title
IPC International Plumbing Code (Chapter 4, Fixtures, Faucets, and Fixture Fittings)
UPC Uniform Plumbing Code (Chapter 4, Plumbing Fixtures and Fixture Fittings)
ASME A112.19.1 / CSA B45.2 Enameled Cast Iron and Enameled Steel Plumbing Fixtures
ASME A112.19.2 / CSA B45.1 Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures
ASME A112.19.3 / CSA B45.4 Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures
ASME A112.19.5 / CSA B45.15 Flush Valves and Spuds for Water Closets, Urinals, and Tanks
ASME A112.19.14 Six-Liter Water Closets Equipped with a Dual Flushing Device
ASME A112.18.1 / CSA B125.1 Plumbing Supply Fittings
ASME A112.18.2 / CSA B125.2 Plumbing Waste Fittings
ASME A112.18.6 / CSA B125.6 Flexible Water Connectors
ASME A112.4.14 Manually Operated Quarter-Turn Shutoff Valves for Use in Plumbing Systems
ASME A112.6.1M Floor-Affixed Supports for Off-the-Floor Plumbing Fixtures for Public Use
ASME A112.6.2 Framing-Affixed Supports for Off-the-Floor Water Closets with Concealed Tanks
IAPMO/ANSI Z124.1.2 Plastic Bathtub and Shower Units
IAPMO/ANSI Z124.3 Plastic Lavatories
ASSE 1001 Atmospheric Type Vacuum Breakers
ASSE 1002 Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks
ASSE 1011 Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers
ASSE 1016 / ASME A112.1016 / CSA B125.16 Automatic Compensating Valves for Individual Showers and Tub/Shower Combinations
ASSE 1037 / ASME A112.1037 / CSA B125.37 Pressurized Flushing Devices for Plumbing Fixtures
ASSE 1070 / ASME A112.1070 / CSA B125.70 Water Temperature Limiting Devices
ASSE 1071 Temperature Actuated Mixing Valves for Plumbed Emergency Equipment
ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment
AHRI 1010 Self-Contained, Mechanically Refrigerated Drinking-Water Coolers
UL 399 Drinking-Water Coolers
NSF/ANSI 42 Drinking Water Treatment Units, Aesthetic Effects
NSF/ANSI 53 Drinking Water Treatment Units, Health Effects
NSF/ANSI 61 Drinking Water System Components, Health Effects
NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 Drinking Water System Components, Lead Content
ASTM A240 Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
EPA WaterSense WaterSense Specifications for Tank-Type Toilets, Flushometer-Valve Water Closets, Urinals, Bathroom Sink Faucets, and Showerheads
Energy Policy Act of 1992 Federal Maximum Water Use Levels for Plumbing Products
Safe Drinking Water Act Section 1417 Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act
2010 ADA Standards 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design
ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities

3 Submittals

3.1 Action Submittals

3.1.1 The Contractor shall submit the following for the Engineer of Record's review before any fixture or item of trim is procured:
  • Product data for each fixture type, identifying the material, the governing ASME or IAPMO fixture standard, the rough-in dimensions, the rated flush volume or flow rate, the outlet configuration, and the finish
  • Product data for fixture trim, including flush valves, faucets, supply stops, risers, tailpieces, exposed traps, strainers, and seats, with the governing ASME or ASSE standard and the NSF/ANSI 61 and NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 certification for every wetted component
  • Product data for fixture carriers and supports, identifying the fixture model the carrier is listed to support, the rated load, and the floor or framing connection
  • Accessibility compliance data for each fixture serving an accessible location, covering rim and spout heights, knee and toe clearance, control location, reach range, and operating force
  • Product data for scald-protection devices at the fixture, including the certification standard and the adjustable delivery temperature range
  • Product data for plumbed emergency eyewash and drench shower equipment, including flushing-fluid flow rate, spray pattern and head height, valve type, and tempered-water arrangement
  • Product data for drinking fountains and bottle fillers, including bubbler flow, refrigeration capacity, filter certification and rated cartridge life, and electrical characteristics
  • WaterSense certification documentation for each fixture type for which the datasheet requires certification
  • Wiring and power requirements for every sensor-operated or refrigerated fixture, for coordination with the electrical work
Action Submittals Requiredcheckbox
☑ Fixture product data with governing fixture standard and rough-in dimensions
☑ Fixture trim product data with NSF/ANSI 61 and 372 certification
☑ Carrier and support product data with rated load
☑ Accessibility compliance data for accessible fixtures
☑ Scald-protection device product data
☐ Emergency eyewash and drench shower product data
☐ Drinking fountain and bottle filler product data
☐ WaterSense certification documentation
☐ Power and wiring requirements for sensor-operated and refrigerated fixtures
3.1.2 Fixtures and trim shall not be procured or installed until the corresponding action submittals have been reviewed and returned.
3.1.3 Where the Contractor proposes a fixture or item of trim differing from the submitted and reviewed product, the Contractor shall resubmit and shall bear the cost of any rough-in change the substitution causes.

3.2 Closeout Submittals

3.2.1 The Contractor shall submit the following before the fixtures are accepted:
  • Operation and maintenance manuals covering cartridge and diaphragm replacement, aerator and strainer cleaning, sensor adjustment, filter cartridge replacement, and battery replacement intervals
  • The fixture test log required by the Testing section, recording the measured flush volume or flow rate and the pass or fail determination for every fixture tested
  • The scald-protection setpoint record for every temperature-limiting device, recording the measured delivery temperature at the fixture
  • The accessibility verification record required by the Testing section
  • The initial activation test record for every plumbed emergency eyewash and drench shower unit
  • Manufacturer warranty documentation for each fixture, item of trim, carrier, and electronic component, transferred to the Owner
  • The spare parts inventory required by the Spare Parts section, with the delivery receipt signed by the Owner
Closeout Submittals Requiredcheckbox
☑ Operation and maintenance manuals
☑ Fixture flush and flow test log
☑ Scald-protection setpoint record
☑ Accessibility verification record
☑ Emergency equipment initial activation test record
☑ Manufacturer warranty documentation
☑ Spare parts inventory delivery receipt

4 Quality Assurance

4.1 Installer Qualifications

4.1.1 Fixture installation shall be performed by plumbers licensed in the jurisdiction where the work is performed, under the supervision of a licensed plumbing contractor.
4.1.2 Plumbed emergency eyewash and drench shower equipment, sensor-operated flush valves and faucets, and refrigerated drinking fountains shall be installed by personnel who have completed the fixture or control manufacturer's training on the product line being installed.
4.1.3 The Contractor shall keep records of that training on site and shall produce them for the Engineer of Record or the Authority Having Jurisdiction on request.
NOTE These three product groups account for most fixture callbacks in the first year of occupancy, because each combines a plumbing connection with an electrical or refrigeration connection and a field adjustment that a general plumbing crew has no reason to have seen before. (4.1.4)

4.2 Lead-Free Certification of Wetted Components

4.2.1 Every component in contact with potable water, including supply stops, risers, flush valves, faucet bodies and cartridges, bubblers, and tailpieces upstream of the trap weir, shall be certified to NSF/ANSI/CAN 372.
4.2.2 Wetted components shall additionally be certified to NSF/ANSI 61 for health effects.
4.2.3 The Contractor shall keep current certification documentation on site for the duration of the fixture work.
NOTE The 0.25 percent weighted-average lead limit on wetted surfaces is federal law under Section 1417 of the Safe Drinking Water Act, so it is not a project-level option and no substitution or value-engineering proposal can waive it. (4.2.4)

4.3 Fixture and Trim Marking

4.3.1 Each fixture shall bear the manufacturer's identification, the model designation, and the marking required by the governing fixture standard, cast or permanently applied.
4.3.2 Each flush valve, faucet, and temperature-limiting device shall bear the manufacturer's identification and the rated flush volume or flow rate.
4.3.3 A fixture or item of trim that does not carry the required marking shall not be incorporated into the work, and its removal and replacement shall be at the Contractor's cost.
NOTE The marking is what an inspector, a facilities technician, and a future renovation designer read off the fixture ten years from now, when the submittal package has been lost and the only record of the rated flush volume is the one stamped on the valve. (4.3.4)

4.4 Rough-In and Accessibility Inspection

4.4.1 The Contractor shall notify the Engineer of Record and the Authority Having Jurisdiction when the fixture rough-in is complete and before any wall or floor finish is applied over it.
4.4.2 No carrier, rough-in supply, or rough-in waste connection shall be concealed until it has been inspected and released.
4.4.3 Fixtures serving accessible locations shall have their carrier elevation, supply rough-in height, and centerline dimension verified before the wall finish is applied where that finish would conceal them.
4.4.4 Where a concealed accessibility dimension is found non-compliant after the wall finish is complete, the cost of demolition, correction, and refinishing shall be borne by the Contractor unless the non-compliance traces to a dimension shown incorrectly in the Contract Documents.
NOTE The rough-in inspection is the last moment at which an accessibility dimension can be corrected for the price of moving a pipe rather than the price of rebuilding a wall, which is why the concealment hold is stated as a stop rather than as a preference. (4.4.5)

5 Project-Wide Fixture Policy

5.1 Fixture Schedule Precedence

5.1.1 The datasheet selections in this standard establish the project-standard product for each fixture family.
5.1.2 Where the fixture schedule designates a different attribute for an individual fixture, the fixture schedule shall govern for that fixture alone and the datasheet selection shall continue to govern every other fixture of that family.
5.1.3 Fixture types, quantities, locations, and rough-in dimensions are fixture schedule and plumbing plans.
NOTE A real project mixes fixtures within a family, because an accessible stall, a staff toilet room, and a lobby restroom can each justify a different bowl or faucet. Naming a project standard in the datasheet and letting the schedule vary individual fixtures keeps one authority for the common case and one place to look for the exceptions. (5.1.4)

5.2 Water Efficiency Basis

WaterSense Certification Policyradio
○ Required for every fixture type that has a published WaterSense specification
○ Required for the fixture types identified in this datasheet
○ Not required
5.2.1 Every potable-water-supplied fixture installed under this scope shall comply with the maximum water use levels established by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and subsequent federal rulemakings.
5.2.2 Where the adopted plumbing code or a state water-efficiency standard establishes a maximum lower than the federal maximum, the lower value shall govern.
5.2.3 WaterSense certification shall be as indicated in the datasheet, and certified fixtures shall bear the WaterSense label at delivery.
5.2.4 The Contractor shall not substitute a fixture that lacks WaterSense certification for one that carries it, even where the substitute meets the same rated flush volume or flow rate, without the written approval of the Engineer of Record.
NOTE The federal maximums and the WaterSense values are different instruments. The federal maximum is a ceiling every product sold in the United States must meet. WaterSense is a voluntary certification that pairs a lower consumption limit with a minimum performance test, so it certifies that the fixture still clears the bowl or still rinses the hands at the reduced volume, which a bare consumption limit does not. (5.2.5)
NOTE Where a local water utility offers a rebate or an incentive tied to certified fixtures, the certification is often worth more than its cost premium, and the incentive program usually names WaterSense certification rather than a consumption number. (5.2.6)

5.3 Accessibility Criteria

Accessibility Criteria Basisradio
● 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design and ICC A117.1
○ 2010 ADA Standards, ICC A117.1, and the adopted state or local accessibility code
○ Architectural Barriers Act Standards and ICC A117.1
5.3.1 Accessible fixtures shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the datasheet.
5.3.2 Where the selected criteria and a locally adopted accessibility requirement differ, the more restrictive requirement shall govern.
NOTE Dimensions cited elsewhere in this standard are those of the 2010 ADA Standards, given so that the requirement can be checked in the field without a second document. (5.3.3)

5.4 Exposed Trim Finish

Exposed Fixture Trim Finishselect
Polished chrome
Brushed chrome
Brushed nickel
Polished nickel
Brushed stainless
Polished brass
Brushed bronze
Matte black
5.4.1 Exposed trim on all fixture families, including flush valve bodies, faucet bodies and spouts, escutcheons, supply stops, risers, and exposed tailpieces and traps, shall be furnished in the finish selected in the datasheet.
5.4.2 Where a finish other than a plated chrome finish is selected, the finish shall be a physical vapor deposition or equivalent hard coating rated by its manufacturer for commercial washroom service.
NOTE A single finish selection across the trim keeps the escutcheons, stops, and spouts in one washroom matching, which is the failure most visible to an occupant and the one most often created by ordering trim from three different suppliers. (5.4.3)

5.5 Vandal Resistance of Public-Use Trim

Vandal Resistance of Public-Use Trimradio
● Vandal-resistant aerators, handles, and fasteners at public-use fixtures
○ Standard commercial aerators, handles, and fasteners
5.5.1 Where vandal-resistant trim is selected, aerators shall be recessed or key-removable, exposed fasteners shall require a security bit, and handles shall be of a design that cannot be removed with common hand tools.
5.5.2 The Contractor shall deliver two removal keys or security bits of each type to the Owner with the spare parts.
NOTE A standard aerator unscrews by hand, which makes it the single most frequently stolen item in a public restroom and, once gone, leaves an unrestricted stream that defeats the flow rate the project paid for. (5.5.3)

5.6 Sensor-Operated Fixture Power

Sensor-Operated Fixture Power Sourceradio
○ Hardwired low-voltage supply from a transformer serving the fixture group
○ Battery-powered at each fixture
○ Self-generating turbine within the valve body
○ Battery-powered with hardwired override capability
5.6.1 Sensor-operated fixtures shall be powered by the source selected in the datasheet.
5.6.2 Where a hardwired source is selected, the Contractor shall coordinate the transformer location, circuit, and junction box with the electrical work, and the junction box shall remain accessible without removing the fixture.
5.6.3 Where a battery source is selected, the Contractor shall install new batteries at trim-out and shall record the installation date in the operation and maintenance manuals.
NOTE Battery power removes the electrical coordination and the cost of a transformer and circuit, at the price of a recurring maintenance task that scales with the number of fixtures. Hardwired power removes the recurring task but requires an accessible junction box and a circuit that survives future renovation. Self-generating valves harvest energy from the flush itself and need neither, but are offered on a narrower range of products. (5.6.4)

5.7 Stainless Steel Fixture Grade

Stainless Steel Fixture Graderadio
● Type 304
○ Type 316
5.7.1 Stainless steel fixtures and stainless steel fixture components shall be of the grade selected in the datasheet, conforming to ASTM A240 and to ASME A112.19.3.
5.7.2 Exposed stainless steel surfaces shall have a uniform directional finish free of scratches, weld discoloration, and forming marks.
NOTE Type 316 carries molybdenum, which resists chloride pitting, so it holds up where a fixture sees coastal air, pool chemistry, de-icing salt tracked in from the entry, or repeated cleaning with chlorine-based products. Type 304 has no molybdenum and pits under those conditions, while costing meaningfully less everywhere else. (5.7.3)

6 Service Conditions at the Fixture

6.1 Supply Pressure at the Fixture

Available Flowing Pressure at the Fixture Supply Stoprange
psi
20253035404550607080
Per drawings — domestic water riser diagram (deferred by default)
6.1.1 Flush valves and faucets shall be selected for the flowing pressure available at the fixture supply stop.
6.1.2 Where the static pressure at any fixture supply exceeds 80 psi, a pressure-reducing station shall be provided upstream under Domestic Water PipingDomestic Water PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/domestic-water-piping.
NOTE A flushometer valve needs a minimum flowing pressure at its inlet, commonly in the range of 20 psi to 25 psi depending on the model and the rated volume, to complete its cycle and deliver the rated flush. Below that, the valve closes early and the bowl does not clear, which reads in the field as a defective fixture when the cause is the branch sizing. A gravity tank draws its flush from stored water and is indifferent to flowing pressure, so it tolerates supply conditions a flushometer cannot. (6.1.3)
NOTE Sustained pressure above 80 psi accelerates wear on flush valve diaphragms, faucet cartridges, and supply stop seals, and both model plumbing codes require a pressure-reducing valve above that threshold. (6.1.4)

6.2 Water Temperature Delivered to the Fixture

6.2.1 Where the domestic hot water system is stored or distributed above the maximum delivery temperature required at a fixture, a temperature-limiting device shall be provided at the fixture or at the fixture group it serves.
6.2.2 The Contractor shall coordinate the storage and distribution temperature with Water HeatersCommercial Water HeatersResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/water-heaters before selecting the fixture-level device.
NOTE Free-standing thermostatic mixing valves serving a fixture group are specified under Plumbing SpecialtiesPlumbing SpecialtiesResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/plumbing-specialties; this standard governs only the maximum temperature delivered at the fixture and any temperature-limiting device integral to the fixture trim. (6.2.3)
NOTE Hot water systems are commonly stored at 140°F or above to suppress Legionella growth in the tank, which is well above any safe delivery temperature at a hand-washing or bathing fixture. That gap is deliberate, and closing it is the job of the device at the fixture rather than the setpoint at the heater. (6.2.4)

7 Water Closets

7.1 Water Closet Mounting

Water Closet Mountingradio
○ Floor-mounted with floor outlet
○ Floor-mounted with wall outlet
○ Wall-hung on a concealed carrier
7.1.1 Water closets shall be mounted as selected in the datasheet.
7.1.2 Wall-hung water closets shall be supported by a carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2, selected under the Fixture Carriers and Supports section.
7.1.3 Floor-mounted water closets shall be set on a closet flange secured to the structural floor and sealed to the fixture with a wax or elastomeric gasket.
NOTE A wall-hung bowl leaves the floor beneath it clear, so a custodian can mop under and around the fixture in one pass. That is worth the most where the floor is cleaned daily and the restroom carries heavy public traffic, and it costs a carrier, a deeper wall cavity, and a carrier centerline that must be coordinated with the finished wall before the wall closes. (7.1.4)
NOTE A floor-mounted bowl with a floor outlet is the least expensive configuration to buy and to rough in, and it needs no carrier and no chase depth, which makes it the practical choice where wall depth is constrained or where the fixture count is small enough that floor cleaning around the base is not a daily burden. (7.1.5)

7.2 Water Closet Bowl Material and Design

Water Closet Bowl Materialradio
● Vitreous china
○ Stainless steel
Water Closet Bowl Designradio
○ Siphon jet
○ Siphon vortex
○ Blowout
○ Washdown
7.2.1 Vitreous china water closets shall conform to ASME A112.19.2.
7.2.2 Stainless steel water closets shall conform to ASME A112.19.3 and shall be of the grade selected under the Stainless Steel Fixture Grade field.
7.2.3 The bowl design shall be as selected in the datasheet, and the bowl shall be listed by its manufacturer for the flush volume selected under the Water Closet Flush Volume field.
7.2.4 Where WaterSense certification is required for water closets, the bowl shall meet the minimum solid-waste-extraction performance of the applicable WaterSense specification at its rated volume.
NOTE Vitreous china is glazed, non-porous, chemically inert, and dimensionally stable, which is why it dominates commercial water closets; it is also brittle, so a dropped tool cracks it and the crack cannot be repaired. Stainless steel absorbs impact without cracking and offers no ligature points or concealable cavities, which is why detention, secure psychiatric, and heavy-vandalism installations use it. (7.2.5)
NOTE The bowl designs differ in how they move waste. A siphon jet directs part of the flush into the trapway through a jet to start the siphon early, which produces a large water surface and a quiet, thorough flush. A blowout bowl pushes waste through with velocity rather than siphonic action, so it clears heavy loads and recovers fast but is loud and needs a higher flowing pressure. A washdown bowl relies on the rim flow alone, which is the simplest and least expensive design and the one with the smallest water surface and the highest bowl-fouling rate. (7.2.6)

7.3 Water Closet Flush Technology

Water Closet Flush Technologyradio
● Flushometer valve
○ Close-coupled gravity tank
○ Pressure-assisted tank
○ Concealed in-wall tank
Water Closet Flush Actuationradio
○ Manual lever or push button
○ Sensor-operated
Water Closet Flush Moderadio
● Single-flush
○ Dual-flush
7.3.1 The flush technology, actuation, and flush mode shall be as selected in the datasheet.
7.3.2 Dual-flush water closets shall conform to ASME A112.19.14, and the reduced and full flush volumes shall both be marked on the fixture or the actuator.
7.3.3 Sensor-operated flush devices shall be powered from the source selected under the Sensor-Operated Fixture Power Source field.
7.3.4 Sensor-operated flush devices shall provide a means of manual actuation for maintenance flushing without removing the cover.
NOTE A flushometer valve takes its flush directly from the branch, so it recharges instantly and can serve a queue of users back to back, and it has no tank to crack, no fill valve to fail, and no lid to steal. It requires a branch sized for its instantaneous demand and a flowing pressure the branch can hold. A gravity tank stores its flush, so it works on a small branch at low pressure and runs quietly, at the cost of a recovery interval between flushes and a tank, fill valve, and flapper to maintain. (7.3.5)
NOTE Sensor operation removes the hand contact with the fixture, which matters where infection control governs, and removes the user's ability to flush repeatedly or leave the valve running. It adds a sensor, a solenoid, and a power source, each with a service life shorter than the valve body, and it introduces phantom flushes where the sensor sees passing traffic. (7.3.6)
NOTE A dual-flush actuator gives the user the choice between a reduced and a full flush, which lowers average consumption where users make the distinction. Its saving depends entirely on user behavior, so its value is highest in occupancies with a stable, repeat population and lowest in transient public restrooms. (7.3.7)

7.4 Water Closet Flush Volume

Water Closet Flush Volumerange
gpf
0.811.11.281.6
Dual-Flush Reduced Flush Volumerange
gpf
0.60.80.911.1
7.4.1 The full flush volume of every water closet shall not exceed 1.6 gpf, which is the federal maximum.
7.4.2 Water closets carrying WaterSense certification shall not exceed 1.28 gpf.
7.4.3 The bowl, the flush valve or tank trim, and the actuator shall all be rated for the flush volume selected in the datasheet.
7.4.4 Where dual-flush is selected, the reduced volume shall be as indicated in the datasheet and the effective flush volume shall be computed by the method of the applicable WaterSense specification.
NOTE The bowl and the flush device are a matched pair. A 1.28 gpf bowl fitted with a 1.6 gpf diaphragm wastes the difference on every flush and passes an unwary flush-volume test only if the tester reads the valve rather than measuring the water; a 1.6 gpf bowl fitted with a 1.28 gpf diaphragm is starved and fails to clear. Verifying the cartridge rating against the bowl rating at trim-out is the cheapest quality control on the entire fixture package. (7.4.5)

7.5 Flushometer Valves for Water Closets

Water Closet Flushometer Operating Elementradio
● Diaphragm
○ Piston
Water Closet Flushometer Exposureradio
● Exposed valve with escutcheon
○ Concealed valve behind an access panel
7.5.1 Flushometer valves shall conform to ASSE 1037.
7.5.2 Flushometer valve bodies shall be cast brass, finished as selected under the Exposed Fixture Trim Finish field where exposed.
7.5.3 Water closet flushometer valves shall have a 1 in. inlet connection, and the spud size shall match the fixture the valve serves.
7.5.4 Each flushometer valve shall include an integral control stop that isolates the valve for service without shutting down the branch.
7.5.5 Each flushometer valve shall include a vacuum breaker conforming to ASSE 1001, located above the flood rim of the fixture it serves.
7.5.6 Where the valve is concealed, the access panel shall be sized to permit removal of the operating element and the control stop without disturbing the wall finish.
NOTE The diaphragm and the piston are two ways to hold the flush open for a metered interval. A diaphragm uses a flexible membrane and a bypass orifice, is tolerant of the range of pressures found in ordinary buildings, and is the element most service technicians carry. A piston uses a sliding seal and clears debris more readily, which favors it where the water carries grit or where the valve cycles continuously in a high-traffic facility. (7.5.7)
NOTE The control stop is not a substitute for the fixture supply stop, and shutting it does not isolate the flush valve outlet from the fixture; it is the service isolation for the valve body itself, which is why it is required on every valve rather than on every group. (7.5.8)

7.6 Tank-Type Water Closet Trim

7.6.1 Tanks shall be of the same material and by the same manufacturer as the bowl they serve, and the lid shall seat without rocking.
7.6.2 Fill valves shall conform to ASSE 1002, and shall be installed with the critical level of the anti-siphon device above the tank overflow tube.
7.6.3 Tank-to-bowl fasteners shall be brass or stainless steel.
7.6.4 The flush valve seal within the tank shall be replaceable without removing the tank from the bowl.
NOTE An ASSE 1002 fill valve protects the potable supply from tank water during a negative-pressure event in the branch, which is why its critical level relative to the overflow tube is a code requirement and not an installation preference. Plated steel tank bolts corrode in standing tank water within a few years, seize, and stain the china, so the fastener material is the difference between a ten-minute tank pull and a broken fixture. (7.6.5)

7.7 Water Closet Seats

Water Closet Seat Configurationradio
● Open front without cover
○ Open front with cover
○ Closed front with cover
Water Closet Seat Materialradio
● Solid plastic
○ Molded polypropylene
○ Molded phenolic
○ Stainless steel
7.7.1 Seats shall be furnished for every water closet and shall match the bowl shape and mounting hole pattern.
7.7.2 Seats in public and employee toilet rooms shall be of the open-front configuration except where the adopted plumbing code permits a closed-front seat with an automatic seat cover dispenser.
7.7.3 Seat hinges shall be self-sustaining, corrosion-resistant, and secured with concealed check hinges where vandal-resistant trim is selected.
NOTE The open-front seat requirement in both model plumbing codes exists so that the user does not contact the front of the seat, and it applies to public and employee use rather than to private toilet rooms within a dwelling or guest unit. (7.7.4)

7.8 Accessible Water Closets

Accessible-Height Bowl Policyradio
○ Accessible-height bowls at accessible fixtures
○ Accessible-height bowls at every water closet
7.8.1 Water closets serving accessible compartments and accessible single-user toilet rooms shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the Accessibility Criteria Basis field.
7.8.2 The seat height at an accessible water closet shall be 17 in. to 19 in. above the finished floor, measured to the top of the seat.
7.8.3 The centerline of an accessible water closet shall be 16 in. to 18 in. from the side wall carrying the grab bar.
7.8.4 The flush control at an accessible water closet shall be on the open side of the fixture, shall be no more than 44 in. above the finished floor, and shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, requiring no more than 5 lbf.
7.8.5 Where a manual flushometer handle serves an accessible water closet, it shall be of the wide-blade type operable by a closed fist or forearm.
NOTE Standardizing on accessible-height bowls throughout gives the Owner one bowl model, one seat, and one spare parts line for the whole building, and removes the possibility of a compliant bowl being installed in the wrong stall during a future renovation. It also raises the seat above the height most comfortable for small children, which is why occupancies serving children are the usual exception. (7.8.6)
NOTE The open-side requirement is about reach from the wheelchair, not about handedness, so the handle position is fixed by which side the transfer occurs on and it changes when a compartment is mirrored. Ordering flush valves without confirming handing against the compartment layout is a routine source of field rework. (7.8.7)

8 Urinals

8.1 Urinal Bowl Type and Material

Urinal Bowl Typeradio
● Washout with integral trap
○ Blowout with integral trap
○ Siphon jet with integral trap
○ Washdown
Urinal Materialradio
● Vitreous china
○ Stainless steel
8.1.1 Vitreous china urinals shall conform to ASME A112.19.2 and stainless steel urinals to ASME A112.19.3.
8.1.2 Urinals shall be wall-hung and supported by a concealed carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M.
8.1.3 Unless the Contract Documents direct otherwise, floor-mounted stall urinals and trough urinals shall not be installed in new construction.
NOTE An integral trap keeps the seal inside the fixture, where its depth is set by the manufacturer and cannot be defeated by a field trap installed at the wrong height, and it lets the bowl geometry and the flush profile be engineered together for the rated volume. A trough urinal serves several users from one flushing surface, which makes accessible use and cleaning difficult and gives every user contact with the same drainage path. (8.1.4)

8.2 Urinal Flush Volume

Urinal Flush Volumerange
gpf
0.1250.250.51
8.2.1 The flush volume of every flushing urinal shall not exceed 1.0 gpf, which is the federal maximum.
8.2.2 Urinals carrying WaterSense certification shall not exceed 0.5 gpf.
8.2.3 The bowl and the flush valve shall both be rated for the flush volume selected in the datasheet.
8.2.4 A urinal selection of zero designates a non-water urinal, and the requirements of the Non-Water Urinals subsection apply to it.
NOTE Urinal flush volumes span an unusually wide band for a single fixture family, from the 1.0 gpf federal ceiling down through the half-gallon WaterSense value to the eighth-gallon pint urinals, and all of them are stocked by multiple manufacturers. The lower the volume, the more the drain line depends on flow from other fixtures to carry solids, so the selection interacts with the branch layout rather than standing alone. (8.2.5)

8.3 Non-Water Urinals

Non-Water Urinal Trap Seal Methodradio
○ Replaceable cartridge with sealant liquid
○ Replaceable cartridge with a mechanical seal
○ Cartridge-free mechanical trap seal insert
8.3.1 Non-water urinals shall be installed only where permitted by the adopted plumbing code, and shall be provided with the trap seal method selected in the datasheet.
8.3.2 The Contractor shall verify with Sanitary Waste And Vent PipingSanitary Waste and Vent PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping that the waste piping material serving a non-water urinal is compatible with undiluted urine.
8.3.3 A water supply shall be roughed in and capped behind the wall at each non-water urinal unless the Contract Documents direct otherwise.
8.3.4 The Contractor shall deliver to the Owner one complete set of replacement cartridges or seal inserts for every non-water urinal installed.
NOTE A non-water urinal removes the flush water and the supply branch entirely, and its performance then rests on the trap seal and on the drain line. Undiluted urine deposits uric acid scale in the drain, so cast iron and some plastics behave differently over time, and the maintenance task changes from valve service to a scheduled cartridge or seal replacement that the Owner has to actually perform. (8.3.5)
NOTE Roughing in and capping a supply behind the wall costs very little during construction and preserves the option of converting to a flushing urinal later, which is a decision a future Owner makes for reasons the design team cannot anticipate. (8.3.6)

8.4 Urinal Flushometer Valves

Urinal Flush Actuationradio
○ Manual lever or push button
○ Sensor-operated
8.4.1 Urinal flushometer valves shall conform to ASSE 1037 and shall have a 3/4 in. inlet connection.
8.4.2 The operating element shall be rated for the flush volume of the urinal it serves, and the Contractor shall verify that rating against the fixture at trim-out.
8.4.3 Each urinal flushometer valve shall include an integral control stop and a vacuum breaker conforming to ASSE 1001 above the flood rim.
8.4.4 Sensor-operated urinal flushometer valves shall provide a means of manual actuation for maintenance flushing.
NOTE Sensor operation at a urinal removes the hand contact at the fixture a user is least likely to touch deliberately, and removes the flushes that never happen when a user walks away. Against that, it adds a sensor and solenoid at every fixture and can flush on passing traffic in a narrow room. (8.4.5)

8.5 Accessible Urinals

8.5.1 Where more than one urinal is provided in a toilet room, at least one shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the Accessibility Criteria Basis field.
8.5.2 The rim of an accessible urinal shall be no more than 17 in. above the finished floor.
8.5.3 An accessible urinal shall be of the stall type or shall be a wall-hung urinal with an elongated rim projecting at least 13 1/2 in. from the wall.
8.5.4 The flush control at an accessible urinal shall be no more than 44 in. above the finished floor and shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, requiring no more than 5 lbf.

9 Lavatories

9.1 Lavatory Mounting

Lavatory Mountingselect
Wall-hung on a concealed carrier
Drop-in self-rimming in a counter
Under-counter mounted
Vessel mounted above the counter
Integral with the countertop
Pedestal
9.1.1 Lavatories shall be mounted as selected in the datasheet.
9.1.2 Wall-hung lavatories shall be supported by a carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M, and the fixture shall impose no load on the wall finish.
9.1.3 Counter-mounted lavatories shall be supported by the counter and sealed to it with a continuous bead of the sealant selected under the Fixture Perimeter Sealant field.
9.1.4 Under-counter lavatories shall be secured with the manufacturer's clips or a fabricated support, and the counter cutout shall be sealed against water migration into the substrate.
NOTE The mounting decides what happens at the rim joint, which is where a lavatory fails first. A drop-in rim sits proud of the counter and collects water and soil along a caulk line that has to be maintained. An under-counter bowl puts the joint below the counter surface so water sheets past it, and an integral bowl removes the joint entirely at the cost of replacing the whole counter if the bowl is damaged. A wall-hung bowl has no counter joint at all and leaves the floor clear beneath it. (9.1.5)
NOTE A pedestal conceals the trap and supplies without a counter or a carrier, which suits a small toilet room where no counter is wanted, and it gives no counter surface and restricts cleaning access at the base. (9.1.6)

9.2 Lavatory Material

Lavatory Materialselect
Vitreous china
Enameled cast iron
Enameled steel
Stainless steel
Solid surface
Cultured marble
9.2.1 Vitreous china lavatories shall conform to ASME A112.19.2, enameled cast iron and enameled steel lavatories to ASME A112.19.1, stainless steel lavatories to ASME A112.19.3, and solid surface and cultured marble lavatories to IAPMO/ANSI Z124.3.
9.2.2 Stainless steel lavatories shall be of the grade selected under the Stainless Steel Fixture Grade field, with a minimum 18 ga bowl and sound-deadening applied to the underside.
9.2.3 Solid surface and cultured marble lavatories fabricated integrally with a countertop shall have the bowl and deck formed as a single seamless piece with no applied joint at the bowl.
NOTE Vitreous china is the least expensive durable choice, holds a glaze that resists staining indefinitely, and cracks when struck. Enameled cast iron takes impact without cracking and chips at the enamel when it does fail, and its weight drives the carrier or counter support. Stainless steel neither cracks nor chips and can be repaired by refinishing in place, which is why impact-prone and secure installations use it. (9.2.4)
NOTE A solid surface basin formed integrally with its counter eliminates the rim joint, which is the seam where soil and biofilm accumulate in a heavily used washroom and the detail that most often fails inspection in a healthcare facility. It is also the only material on this list that a fabricator can repair by sanding rather than replacing. (9.2.5)

9.3 Lavatory Faucets

Lavatory Faucet Typeselect
Manual single-handle mixing
Manual two-handle mixing
Manual single-temperature
Metering self-closing
Sensor-operated single-temperature
Sensor-operated mixing
Lavatory Faucet Mountingselect
Deck-mounted single hole
Deck-mounted centerset on 4 in. centers
Deck-mounted widespread on 8 in. centers
Wall-mounted
Metering Faucet Cycle Timerange
s
51015202530
9.3.1 Lavatory faucets shall conform to ASME A112.18.1.
9.3.2 The faucet type and mounting shall be as selected in the datasheet, and the lavatory shall be furnished with the drilling that matches the selected mounting.
9.3.3 Metering faucets shall close automatically within the cycle time selected in the datasheet and shall not exceed 0.25 gallons of discharge per metering cycle.
9.3.4 Sensor-operated faucets shall be powered from the source selected under the Sensor-Operated Fixture Power Source field, and their range shall be field-adjustable without replacing the sensor.
9.3.5 Aerators or laminar flow devices shall be furnished with every lavatory faucet and shall be removable for cleaning.
NOTE Sensor operation removes hand contact at the point where hands are dirtiest and removes the running faucet nobody turned off. It costs a sensor, a solenoid, and a power source at every fixture, and its behavior depends on a field adjustment that is rarely revisited after handover. (9.3.6)
NOTE A metering faucet gets much of the same saving mechanically, by closing on a spring or a cartridge a fixed interval after release, with no electronics and nothing to power. It gives the user no control over that interval, which is the reason a cycle time that is comfortable in an office is frustrating in a facility where users wash for a prescribed duration. (9.3.7)
NOTE A single-temperature faucet has only one inlet and no mixing element, which makes it the simplest faucet on the list and moves the entire temperature control upstream to a tempered water supply serving the group. (9.3.8)

9.4 Lavatory Faucet Flow Rates

Public Lavatory Faucet Flow Raterange
gpm
0.250.350.40.5
Private Lavatory Faucet Flow Raterange
gpm
0.511.21.52.2
9.4.1 Faucets serving public-use lavatories shall not exceed 0.5 gpm at 60 psi, which is the maximum established by both model plumbing codes.
9.4.2 Faucets serving private-use lavatories shall not exceed 2.2 gpm at 60 psi, which is the federal maximum, and shall not exceed 1.5 gpm at 60 psi where WaterSense certification is required.
9.4.3 The flow-limiting device shall be integral to the aerator or to a removable insert within the faucet body, and its rating shall be marked so that it can be identified without disassembly.
NOTE The public and private limits come from different instruments and differ by a factor of four. The code sets the public-use limit because a public lavatory is used for a brief hand wash where a low flow is not noticed. The federal maximum and the WaterSense value apply to a private lavatory in a guest room, dwelling unit, or private office, where the same fixture also fills a basin and a very low flow is felt as poor performance. Applying the public number to a guest room, or the private number to a public restroom, is the most common flow rate error in fixture schedules. (9.4.4)

9.5 Lavatory Scald Protection

Lavatory Scald Protection Methodselect
Temperature-limiting device at each lavatory
Temperature-limiting device serving a lavatory group
Tempered water distributed to the lavatory from a master mixing valve
Faucet with an integral adjustable temperature limit stop
Maximum Lavatory Delivery Temperaturerange
°F
100105110
9.5.1 Water delivered at a lavatory used for hand washing shall not exceed the maximum delivery temperature selected in the datasheet.
9.5.2 The scald protection shall be provided by the method selected in the datasheet, and the device shall conform to ASSE 1070 where it is a temperature-limiting device.
9.5.3 The temperature-limiting device shall be accessible for adjustment and service without removing the lavatory or the counter.
9.5.4 Where the selected method distributes tempered water from a master mixing valve, the Contractor shall confirm with Water HeatersCommercial Water HeatersResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/water-heaters that the tempered branch serves only fixtures whose maximum delivery temperature is at or above the value selected here.
NOTE Both model plumbing codes cap water delivered from a public-use lavatory at 110°F, and occupancies serving children, patients, or people with reduced sensation commonly set a lower value because the time to a scald injury falls sharply as temperature rises. At 120°F an adult has a few minutes before injury; at 140°F the same injury takes seconds. (9.5.5)
NOTE The choice among the four methods is a choice about how many devices the Owner has to maintain and how far a failure propagates. A device at each fixture fails for one lavatory at a time and multiplies the maintenance count by the fixture count. A device at the group inverts both. A tempered distribution branch removes fixture-level devices entirely and makes the master valve a single point of failure for every fixture it serves. (9.5.6)

9.6 Lavatory Tailpieces and Exposed Traps

Exposed Tailpiece and Trap Materialradio
● Chrome-plated cast brass
○ Chrome-plated tubular brass
○ Stainless steel
○ Polypropylene
Exposed Tubular Brass Wall Thicknessselect
17 ga
20 ga
9.6.1 Tailpieces, exposed traps, and strainers shall conform to ASME A112.18.2.
9.6.2 Exposed tailpieces and traps shall be of the material selected in the datasheet, in the finish selected under the Exposed Fixture Trim Finish field.
9.6.3 Where tubular brass is selected, the wall thickness shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
9.6.4 Concealed tailpieces and traps within a cabinet, pedestal, or chase shall be of a material permitted for drainage piping under Sanitary Waste And Vent PipingSanitary Waste and Vent PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping.
NOTE Tubular brass is sold in two common wall thicknesses, and the thinner one deforms under a slip-nut wrench and crushes when a mop or a wheelchair footrest strikes it. The heavier wall is standard in commercial washrooms for that reason rather than for any difference in drainage performance. (9.6.5)

9.7 Accessible Lavatories

Accessible Lavatory Contact Protectionradio
● Molded insulating covers on the trap and supply risers
○ Enclosure or apron configured to prevent contact
9.7.1 Lavatories serving accessible locations shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the Accessibility Criteria Basis field.
9.7.2 The rim or counter surface at an accessible lavatory shall be no more than 34 in. above the finished floor.
9.7.3 Knee clearance at an accessible lavatory shall be at least 27 in. high and 30 in. wide at the front, extending at least 8 in. deep at the full 27 in. height and at least 11 in. deep at 9 in. above the floor.
9.7.4 Toe clearance at an accessible lavatory shall be at least 9 in. high and shall extend no more than 17 in. beneath the fixture.
9.7.5 Faucet controls at an accessible lavatory shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, requiring no more than 5 lbf.
9.7.6 Exposed water supply and drain piping beneath an accessible lavatory shall be protected against contact by the method selected in the datasheet, and no unprotected sharp or abrasive surface shall be present under the fixture.
9.7.7 Where insulating covers are selected, they shall be molded to the pipe and trap profile with closed seams, and field-wrapped tape or split foam sleeves shall not be used.
NOTE A sensor-operated faucet and a lever handle both satisfy the one-hand, no-tight-grasping requirement without a force measurement, because neither can be built to require a grasp. A knob handle cannot satisfy it regardless of the force it takes. (9.7.8)
NOTE Tape-wrapped or split-sleeve insulation on an under-lavatory trap comes loose within a year of cleaning, at which point the fixture is out of compliance and nobody notices until an accessibility survey. A molded cover with closed seams stays put and can be removed and refitted for trap service. (9.7.9)

10 Sinks

10.1 Service Sinks and Mop Basins

Service Sink Typeradio
● Floor-set mop basin with integral threshold
○ Wall-hung service sink with a rim guard
○ Floor-mounted service sink on legs
Service Sink Materialradio
● Molded stone
○ Precast terrazzo
○ Fiberglass-reinforced polyester
○ Stainless steel
○ Enameled cast iron
Service Sink Faucet Temperature Controlradio
● Manual two-handle mixing
○ Thermostatic mixing
10.1.1 A service sink shall be provided in each custodial closet and at each location shown, of the type and material selected in the datasheet.
10.1.2 Floor-set mop basins shall have an integral threshold on the exposed sides and shall be set on a level bed of mortar or on the manufacturer's specified base.
10.1.3 The service sink faucet shall be wall-mounted, shall include integral stops, a pail hook, and a hose thread outlet, and shall have the temperature control selected in the datasheet.
10.1.4 The hose thread outlet shall be protected by a vacuum breaker conforming to ASSE 1011.
10.1.5 A wall guard or splash panel shall be provided on each wall adjacent to a service sink, extending at least 28 in. above the sink rim.
NOTE The threshold and the wall guard exist because the fixture is used with a hose and a mop bucket rather than a stream of water into a bowl, so the water that leaves the fixture leaves sideways. A mop basin without a wall guard destroys the adjacent wall finish within a year. (10.1.6)
NOTE A hose thread outlet creates a direct cross-connection to whatever the hose is submerged in, which is why the vacuum breaker on a service faucet is a code requirement rather than an accessory, and why the vacuum breaker is the first thing to check when a custodial closet is remodeled. (10.1.7)

10.2 Hand-Wash Sinks

Hand-Wash Sink Materialradio
● Stainless steel
○ Vitreous china
○ Solid surface
Hand-Wash Sink Actuationselect
Sensor-operated
Wrist-blade lever handles
Knee-operated valve
Foot-pedal valve
Metering self-closing
10.2.1 Hand-wash sinks serving food preparation, clinical, and similar hands-free locations shall be of the material and actuation selected in the datasheet.
10.2.2 Stainless steel hand-wash sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.3 and shall be of the grade selected under the Stainless Steel Fixture Grade field.
10.2.3 The hand-wash sink faucet shall deliver tempered water at no more than the maximum delivery temperature selected under the Maximum Lavatory Delivery Temperature field.
10.2.4 The hand-wash sink faucet shall not exceed the flow rate selected under the Public Lavatory Faucet Flow Rate field.
10.2.5 The spout shall be a gooseneck or high-arc pattern providing at least 5 in. of clearance between the spout outlet and the sink rim.
10.2.6 Where the facility operates under health department or clinical facility guidelines that impose additional hand-wash sink requirements, those requirements shall govern over this subsection.
NOTE Every actuation type on the list exists to let a user start and stop the water without touching a handle with contaminated hands. They differ in where the mechanism lives and what fails: a sensor has electronics at the fixture, a knee or foot valve has a mechanical linkage below the fixture that a cleaning crew can knock out of adjustment, and a wrist blade has nothing to fail but requires deliberate contact with the forearm. (10.2.7)

10.3 Break Room and Office Kitchen Sinks

Break Room Sink Bowl Configurationradio
● Single bowl
○ Double bowl with equal compartments
○ Double bowl with offset compartments
Break Room Sink Materialradio
● Stainless steel
○ Enameled cast iron
○ Composite granite
○ Solid surface
Break Room Sink Bowl Thicknessselect
16 ga
18 ga
20 ga
Break Room Sink Faucet Flow Raterange
gpm
11.51.82.2
10.3.1 Sinks in break rooms, office kitchens, and similar non-commercial-kitchen locations shall be of the configuration, material, and thickness selected in the datasheet.
10.3.2 Stainless steel break room sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.3, shall be of the grade selected under the Stainless Steel Fixture Grade field, and shall have sound-deadening pads bonded to the underside of each bowl.
10.3.3 The faucet shall not exceed the flow rate selected in the datasheet, and shall not exceed 2.2 gpm at 60 psi, which is the federal maximum for a kitchen faucet.
10.3.4 A basket strainer and a tailpiece conforming to ASME A112.18.2 shall be furnished for each bowl.
NOTE Commercial foodservice sinks, three-compartment warewashing sinks, pot sinks, and pre-rinse assemblies are specified under Foodservice EquipmentFoodservice EquipmentResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/foodservice-equipment and are not covered by this subsection. (10.3.5)
NOTE The EPA WaterSense program does not certify kitchen faucets, so a kitchen faucet marketed as high-efficiency is being measured against a state efficiency standard or a manufacturer's own claim rather than against a WaterSense specification. A schedule that cites WaterSense for a kitchen faucet is citing a specification that does not exist. (10.3.6)
NOTE Sheet thickness on a stainless sink is the difference between a bowl that flexes and drums under a running tap and one that does not, and the sound-deadening pads address the same complaint from the other direction. Both matter more in an open office break room than in a closed service kitchen. (10.3.7)

11 Showers

11.1 Shower Receptors and Enclosures

Shower Receptor Typeselect
Prefabricated one-piece unit
Prefabricated multi-piece unit
Precast terrazzo receptor
Field-built receptor over a waterproof membrane
Fabricated solid surface receptor
Enameled cast iron receptor
Prefabricated Shower Unit Materialradio
○ Acrylic
○ Fiberglass-reinforced polyester
○ Solid surface
○ Cultured marble
11.1.1 Shower receptors and enclosures shall be of the type and material selected in the datasheet.
11.1.2 Prefabricated shower units shall conform to IAPMO/ANSI Z124.1.2.
11.1.3 Prefabricated units shall be set level on a full mortar bed or on the manufacturer's specified base, with no voids beneath the receptor floor.
11.1.4 The receptor shall slope uniformly to the drain, and no point of the receptor floor shall pond water after the shower is shut off.
11.1.5 Where a field-built receptor is selected, the waterproof membrane, sub-pan, slope, and wall finish are furnished under the architectural waterproofing scope, and this standard governs only the drain, valve, showerhead, and trim.
11.1.6 The Contractor shall coordinate the shower drain body, its connection, and any required clamping ring with Sanitary Waste And Vent PipingSanitary Waste and Vent PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping.
NOTE A one-piece unit arrives with every joint made in the factory and cannot leak at a seam, and it has to fit through the door openings and corridors of the building as a single piece, which rules it out for most renovation work above the ground floor. A multi-piece unit trades factory joints for field joints in exchange for getting into the room. (11.1.7)

11.2 Shower Valves

Shower Valve Compensation Typeradio
○ Pressure-balancing
○ Thermostatic
○ Combination pressure-balancing and thermostatic
Maximum Shower Delivery Temperaturerange
°F
100105110115120
11.2.1 Shower valves shall be automatic compensating valves conforming to ASSE 1016, of the compensation type selected in the datasheet.
11.2.2 The valve shall hold the delivered temperature within ±3.6°F of the user setpoint through the supply pressure and temperature variations for which it is certified.
11.2.3 The maximum delivery temperature shall be limited by the valve's adjustable stop, field-set to the value selected in the datasheet, and shall not exceed 120°F.
11.2.4 The Contractor shall set and record the maximum temperature stop at each valve before the shower is enclosed or the escutcheon is installed.
NOTE A pressure-balancing valve senses the pressure difference between the hot and cold inlets and holds the ratio, which is what protects a user when a water closet flushes on the same branch and the cold pressure drops. It cannot see temperature, so it does not respond when the hot supply itself drifts, for example as a water heater recovers. (11.2.5)
NOTE A thermostatic valve senses the outlet temperature and moves the mix to hold it, so it corrects both pressure and temperature disturbances and it holds a setpoint over a long shower. A combination valve adds a pressure-balancing element to a thermostatic one so that a sudden pressure loss is caught mechanically rather than waiting for the thermal element to respond, which is the arrangement chosen where the consequence of a brief excursion is highest. (11.2.6)

11.3 Showerheads

Showerhead Flow Raterange
gpm
1.51.751.822.5
Showerhead Configurationselect
Fixed wall-mounted showerhead
Handheld showerhead on a slide bar
Fixed showerhead with a handheld and a diverter
Ceiling-mounted overhead showerhead
Multiple showerheads on a diverter
11.3.1 Showerheads shall not exceed 2.5 gpm at 80 psi, which is the federal maximum.
11.3.2 Showerheads carrying WaterSense certification shall not exceed 2.0 gpm at 80 psi.
11.3.3 Where the adopted state efficiency standard establishes a lower maximum, that value shall govern.
11.3.4 The flow-limiting device shall be integral to the showerhead and shall not be removable without a tool.
11.3.5 Where more than one outlet is served from a single valve, the total flow through all outlets that can operate simultaneously shall not exceed the rated flow of a single showerhead unless the Contract Documents direct otherwise.
NOTE Showerhead flow rate is one of the few fixture values a project can select against a real occupant-satisfaction constraint rather than a code minimum, because the perceived quality of a shower depends on spray pattern and droplet size as much as on volume. A well-designed head at a lower rate outperforms a poor one at a higher rate, which is why the flow number alone does not predict complaints. (11.3.6)

11.4 Accessible Showers

Accessible Shower Compartment Typeradio
○ Transfer type, 36 in. by 36 in.
○ Standard roll-in type, 30 in. by 60 in.
○ Alternate roll-in type, 36 in. by 60 in.
11.4.1 Accessible showers shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the Accessibility Criteria Basis field, and shall be of the compartment type selected in the datasheet.
11.4.2 Shower controls and the hand shower mounting shall be located 38 in. to 48 in. above the finished floor and positioned as required by the selected accessibility criteria for the compartment type.
11.4.3 A hand shower with a hose at least 59 in. long shall be provided at every accessible shower and shall be usable both as a hand shower and as a fixed showerhead.
11.4.4 Where a seat is provided, the shower controls shall be reachable from the seat.
11.4.5 The Contractor shall coordinate grab bar blocking and grab bar mounting at accessible showers with Toilet AccessoriesToilet and Bath AccessoriesResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/toilet-accessories.
NOTE The transfer compartment is sized so that a user transfers onto a fixed seat from a wheelchair parked outside the compartment, which is why its controls sit on the wall adjacent to the seat and within reach of a seated user. A roll-in compartment is entered in the chair, so its controls sit where a user positioned along the back wall can reach them. Confusing the two puts a compliant fixture at a non-compliant location. (11.4.6)

12 Drinking Fountains and Bottle Fillers

12.1 Drinking Fountain Configuration

Drinking Fountain Configurationselect
Bi-level fountain with an integral bottle filler
Bi-level fountain
Single-level fountain
Single-level fountain with an integral bottle filler
Bottle filler without a bubbler
12.1.1 Drinking fountains and bottle fillers shall be of the configuration selected in the datasheet, and every wetted component shall be certified to NSF/ANSI 61 and NSF/ANSI/CAN 372.
12.1.2 Bubblers shall deliver a stream that permits the user to drink without contacting the outlet, and the outlet shall be protected against contact by a shield or by its geometry.
12.1.3 Bottle fillers shall be sensor-activated and shall deliver into a user-supplied container without the container contacting the outlet.
12.1.4 Bottle fillers shall include a counter recording the number of containers filled, resettable by the Owner.
12.1.5 Where the adopted plumbing code requires more than one drinking fountain in a space, the required units shall be at the two spout heights given in the Accessible Drinking Fountains subsection.
NOTE A bi-level unit satisfies the code requirement for two units at two heights in one fixture, one wall opening, and one supply and waste connection, which is why it displaced the pair of separate fountains that used to be scheduled for the same requirement. (12.1.6)
NOTE The bottle filler has become the way most occupants of a public building take drinking water, and the fill counter is what lets the Owner show that. It is a maintenance and communication device rather than a performance one, and it costs almost nothing to include at purchase and cannot be added later. (12.1.7)

12.2 Drinking Fountain Mounting and Casing

Drinking Fountain Mountingselect
Surface-mounted on the wall
Semi-recessed in the wall
Fully recessed in the wall
Freestanding pedestal
Drinking Fountain Casing Materialradio
● Stainless steel
○ Powder-coated steel
12.2.1 Drinking fountains shall be mounted as selected in the datasheet, and wall-mounted units shall be supported by a carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M.
12.2.2 The carrier shall be selected for the operating weight of the unit, including the weight of a refrigeration system and a full storage tank where those are provided.
12.2.3 Recessed and semi-recessed units shall be installed in a wall opening framed and finished to the manufacturer's rough-in dimensions, and the Contractor shall confirm the wall depth before the wall is framed.
NOTE A surface-mounted fountain projects into the corridor, which is why a recessed or semi-recessed unit is chosen where the corridor is a required means of egress and the projection would reduce the clear width or create a protruding object. Recessing costs wall depth that has to be reserved before framing, and the depth needed by a refrigerated unit is substantially greater than that of a non-refrigerated one. (12.2.4)

12.3 Chilling and Filtration

Drinking Fountain Refrigerationradio
● Refrigerated
○ Non-refrigerated
Chilled Water Delivery Capacityrange
gph
48121420
Drinking Fountain Filtrationradio
○ Unfiltered
○ Filter certified to NSF/ANSI 42
○ Filter certified to NSF/ANSI 42 and NSF/ANSI 53
12.3.1 Refrigerated drinking fountains shall conform to AHRI 1010 and shall be listed to UL 399.
12.3.2 Refrigerated units shall deliver chilled water at the capacity selected in the datasheet, rated at the inlet water temperature and ambient temperature of the installed location.
12.3.3 The Contractor shall coordinate the circuit, receptacle or junction box, and disconnecting means for every refrigerated unit with the electrical work.
12.3.4 Where filtration is selected, the filter shall carry the certification selected in the datasheet, and the unit shall provide a visual indication when the cartridge has reached the end of its rated life.
12.3.5 Filter cartridges shall be replaceable without removing the unit from the wall and without shutting down the branch serving it.
NOTE The two filter certifications answer different questions. NSF/ANSI 42 covers aesthetic effects, principally chlorine taste and odor and particulate, which is what makes the water pleasant to drink. NSF/ANSI 53 covers health effects, and lead reduction is the claim under it that most owners are actually asking about. A cartridge certified only to 42 makes no lead claim at all. (12.3.6)
NOTE Chilled delivery capacity is a usage quantity rather than a product preference, since it depends on the population served, the pattern of use around a class change or a shift break, and the incoming water temperature. A unit sized for steady use runs continuously and delivers warm water during a rush, which is the complaint that follows an undersized selection. (12.3.7)

12.4 Accessible Drinking Fountains

12.4.1 Drinking fountains shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the Accessibility Criteria Basis field.
12.4.2 Where drinking fountains are provided for more than one user group in a space, at least one shall have its spout outlet no more than 36 in. above the finished floor and at least one shall have its spout outlet 38 in. to 43 in. above the finished floor.
12.4.3 The spout at a wheelchair-accessible unit shall be at the front of the unit and shall direct the water stream at least 4 in. high, measured vertically.
12.4.4 Knee and toe clearance at a wheelchair-accessible unit shall be provided to the same dimensions required at an accessible lavatory.
12.4.5 Controls at a drinking fountain or bottle filler shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, requiring no more than 5 lbf.
NOTE The two required heights serve different users and neither is a compromise for the other: a spout at 36 in. is reachable from a seated position, and a spout at 38 in. to 43 in. spares a standing adult from bending far enough to strain. A single fountain at an intermediate height serves neither well, which is why the code asks for two rather than an average. (12.4.6)

13 Emergency Eyewash and Drench Shower Equipment

13.1 Emergency Equipment Selection

Emergency Equipment Typeselect
Combination drench shower and eyewash
Combination drench shower and eye/face wash
Drench shower
Eyewash
Eye/face wash
Drench hose
Personal portable eyewash unit
Emergency Equipment Mountingselect
Wall-mounted
Floor-mounted pedestal
Ceiling-mounted
Counter-mounted
13.1.1 Plumbed emergency eyewash, eye/face wash, drench shower, combination, and drench hose equipment shall conform to ANSI/ISEA Z358.1.
13.1.2 Equipment shall be of the type and mounting selected in the datasheet.
13.1.3 A personal portable eyewash unit shall not be installed as the primary equipment serving a hazard, and shall be provided only in addition to plumbed equipment conforming to ANSI/ISEA Z358.1.
13.1.4 A drench hose shall not be installed as the primary equipment serving a hazard, and shall be provided only in addition to a plumbed eyewash or drench shower.
13.1.5 Emergency equipment locations are safety equipment plan.
NOTE The type and location of emergency equipment follow from the facility's hazard assessment, which is performed under the safety and occupational health scope rather than by the plumbing designer. This standard governs what is installed and how it performs once that assessment has named the hazard. (13.1.6)
NOTE A personal portable unit holds a fixed volume of flushing fluid and cannot sustain the fifteen-minute flush the standard requires, and a drench hose is aimed by hand, which an injured user with contaminated eyes cannot reliably do. Both are useful as immediate first response on the way to plumbed equipment, and neither substitutes for it. (13.1.7)

13.2 Emergency Equipment Performance

Emergency Equipment Activation Valveradio
○ Push paddle
○ Pull rod
○ Foot treadle
○ Push flag handle
13.2.1 Eyewash equipment shall deliver flushing fluid at not less than 0.4 gpm for at least 15 minutes.
13.2.2 Eye/face wash equipment shall deliver flushing fluid at not less than 3.0 gpm for at least 15 minutes.
13.2.3 Drench shower equipment shall deliver flushing fluid at not less than 20 gpm for at least 15 minutes, in a spray pattern at least 20 in. in diameter measured 60 in. above the floor.
13.2.4 Combination equipment shall deliver both the eyewash and the drench shower flows simultaneously.
13.2.5 The activation valve shall be of the type selected in the datasheet, shall move from closed to fully open in one second or less in a single motion, and shall remain open without the user holding it.
13.2.6 The activation valve shall require a deliberate action to close.
13.2.7 The Contractor shall confirm with Domestic Water PipingDomestic Water PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/domestic-water-piping that the branch serving the equipment is sized to deliver the required flow simultaneously with the other demands on that branch.
NOTE The stay-open requirement exists because a person with a chemical injury to the eyes needs both hands free to hold the eyelids open for the full flush, and cannot hold a valve at the same time. Every part of the valve requirement, including the one-second opening and the deliberate closing action, follows from that single scenario. (13.2.8)
NOTE The fifteen-minute duration and the flow rate combine into a real volume: a drench shower at 20 gpm consumes 300 gallons in one activation, which is a demand most branch sizing does not anticipate unless it is stated. (13.2.9)

13.3 Tempered Flushing Fluid

Emergency Equipment Tempered Water Sourceradio
○ Dedicated emergency-service thermostatic mixing valve at the unit
○ Tempered water distribution branch serving several units
○ Instantaneous water heater dedicated to the unit
○ Cold water with freeze protection and no tempering
Emergency Equipment Delivered Water Temperature Setpointrange
°F
6065707580859095100
13.3.1 Flushing fluid shall be delivered between 60°F and 100°F as required by ANSI/ISEA Z358.1, at the setpoint selected in the datasheet.
13.3.2 Tempered flushing fluid shall be supplied by the source selected in the datasheet.
13.3.3 Where a thermostatic mixing valve supplies the equipment, the valve shall conform to ASSE 1071, shall be sized for the full rated flow of the equipment it serves, and shall fail to the cold supply if the hot supply is lost.
13.3.4 The mixing valve serving emergency equipment shall not be shared with any fixture that can draw from it during an activation.
13.3.5 Where a cold-only source is selected, the Contractor shall confirm that the delivered temperature at the equipment remains within the range required by ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 under the coldest expected supply condition.
NOTE Water below the required range drives an injured person off the equipment through cold discomfort before the fifteen-minute flush is complete, and water above it opens the pores and accelerates absorption of the chemical the flush is meant to remove. The band is narrow for both reasons at once. (13.3.6)
NOTE An ordinary mixing valve fails toward whatever the last mix position was, which can be scalding, so the failsafe-to-cold behavior is what separates an emergency-service valve from a comfort one. Sharing that valve with a nearby lavatory defeats it, because a fixture drawing from the same valve during an activation changes the flow the valve is regulating. (13.3.7)

13.4 Emergency Equipment Location and Identification

Emergency Equipment Identificationradio
● Wall sign at each unit
○ Wall sign at each unit and a ceiling-hung sign visible along the path of travel
13.4.1 Emergency equipment shall be on the same level as the hazard it serves and shall be reachable within ten seconds of travel from the hazard along an unobstructed path.
13.4.2 The path of travel from the hazard to the equipment shall have no door that must be opened by hand, no change in level, and no stored material.
13.4.3 Each unit shall be identified by the signage selected in the datasheet, and the sign shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ISEA Z358.1.
13.4.4 The floor area beneath and around each unit shall be kept clear for at least 16 in. from the edge of the discharge pattern.
13.4.5 The area beneath each unit shall be illuminated, and the Contractor shall coordinate that lighting with the electrical work.
NOTE The ten-second criterion is measured as travel time by an injured person who cannot necessarily see, which is why a door, a step, or a pallet in the aisle disqualifies a path that measures the right distance. (13.4.6)

14 Fixture Carriers and Supports

14.1 Water Closet and Urinal Carriers

Water Closet Carrier Typeradio
● Floor-affixed carrier with an adjustable faceplate
○ Framing-affixed carrier for a concealed tank
Carrier Fitting Materialradio
● Epoxy-coated cast iron
○ Uncoated cast iron
○ Epoxy-coated ductile iron
14.1.1 Floor-affixed carriers shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M and framing-affixed carriers to ASME A112.6.2.
14.1.2 The carrier model shall be listed for the fixture it supports and shall match the fixture outlet configuration and the finished wall thickness.
14.1.3 Carrier fittings shall be of the material selected in the datasheet.
14.1.4 Unless the datasheet selects an uncoated fitting, carrier fittings in chases subject to condensation, in exterior walls, and below grade shall be coated.
14.1.5 Carriers shall be anchored to the structural floor or to the framing as detailed by the carrier manufacturer, and shall not be anchored to a topping slab, a fill, or a non-structural substrate.
NOTE Every wall-hung fixture puts the occupant's weight on a cantilever, and the carrier is what turns that cantilever into a load on the structure rather than on the wall finish, the waste piping, or the supply. Anchoring a carrier to a topping slab transfers the load to something that was never designed to take it. (14.1.6)

14.2 Lavatory and Drinking Fountain Carriers

Lavatory and Fountain Carrier Typeradio
○ Chair carrier with exposed arms
○ Concealed-arm carrier
○ Plate-type carrier
14.2.1 Wall-hung lavatories, hand-wash sinks, and drinking fountains shall be supported by a carrier of the type selected in the datasheet, conforming to ASME A112.6.1M.
14.2.2 The carrier shall be selected for the fixture's operating weight and for the finished wall construction it is set into.
14.2.3 Carrier arms shall be adjustable for fixture height during setting and shall lock so that the fixture cannot settle after it is hung.
NOTE A concealed-arm carrier hides the support inside the fixture and the wall, leaving nothing visible beneath the bowl, which matters where the underside of the fixture is in view and where an exposed arm would defeat the required knee clearance. An exposed-arm chair carrier is adjustable in the field after the wall is closed, which is what recovers a rough-in set at the wrong height. (14.2.4)

14.3 Carrier Load Ratings

Carrier Load Ratingrange
lb
25050075010001500
14.3.1 Carriers shall be rated for the static load selected in the datasheet, applied at the fixture as defined by ASME A112.6.1M.
14.3.2 Water closet and urinal carriers shall be rated for at least 500 lb, which is the minimum established by ASME A112.6.1M.
14.3.3 Lavatory and drinking fountain carriers shall be rated for at least 250 lb.
14.3.4 Where the Owner requires bariatric capacity at designated fixtures, the carrier at those fixtures shall be rated for the bariatric design load stated by the Owner, and the supporting structure shall be verified for that load by the structural engineer.
NOTE The carrier rating is a load at the fixture, not the fixture's own weight, because the governing case is a person's full weight applied at the front of a cantilevered bowl. Bariatric ratings exist as a separate rung because the load a bariatric program plans for exceeds the standard rating by a factor of two or three and reaches the structure, not just the carrier. (14.3.5)

15 Supply Stops and Fixture Connections

15.1 Supply Stops

Supply Stop Typeradio
● Quarter-turn ball stop with a lever handle
○ Quarter-turn ball stop with a screwdriver control
○ Multi-turn compression stop
○ Loose-key stop
Supply Stop Inlet Connectionradio
● Compression
○ Solder
○ Threaded
○ Press
15.1.1 A supply stop shall be furnished at every fixture supply, and shall isolate that fixture without affecting any adjacent fixture.
15.1.2 Quarter-turn stops shall conform to ASME A112.4.14.
15.1.3 Stop bodies shall be cast brass with wetted components certified to NSF/ANSI/CAN 372, finished as selected under the Exposed Fixture Trim Finish field where exposed.
15.1.4 Unless the datasheet selects a loose-key stop, stops in publicly accessible locations shall be operable without a removable key or a separate tool.
15.1.5 The inlet connection shall be as selected in the datasheet and shall match the branch piping material specified under Domestic Water PipingDomestic Water PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/domestic-water-piping.
NOTE A loose-key stop cannot be operated by a person who does not have the key, which is the point of it in a location where an occupant might tamper with the supply, and also the reason a leaking fixture in that location runs until someone finds the key. Where the risk being managed is tampering rather than response time, the tradeoff runs the other way. (15.1.6)

15.2 Supply Risers

Supply Riser Materialradio
● Braided stainless steel flexible connector
○ Chrome-plated copper rigid riser
○ Chrome-plated brass rigid riser
○ Cross-linked polyethylene riser
15.2.1 Supply risers shall be of the material selected in the datasheet, and flexible connectors shall conform to ASME A112.18.6.
15.2.2 Exposed risers shall be finished as selected under the Exposed Fixture Trim Finish field.
15.2.3 Unless the datasheet selects otherwise, cross-linked polyethylene risers shall be used only where they are concealed within a cabinet, chase, or wall.
15.2.4 Risers shall be installed without kinks, without tension between the stop and the fixture inlet, and without a bend radius tighter than the manufacturer's minimum.
15.2.5 Flexible connectors shall not be spliced, extended, or cut to length.
NOTE A braided flexible connector absorbs the small misalignment between a rough-in stop and a fixture inlet that a rigid riser has to be bent to accommodate, and it is the part most often over-tightened at the fixture, which crushes the cone washer and produces a slow drip that runs undetected inside a cabinet for months. (15.2.6)

16 Installation

16.1 Rough-In Dimension Verification

16.1.1 The Contractor shall verify every fixture rough-in dimension against the reviewed product data and the fixture schedule before any wall is closed or any slab is poured.
16.1.2 The Contractor shall not deviate from a verified rough-in dimension without the written direction of the Engineer of Record.
16.1.3 Where a fixture is installed at a rough-in dimension that does not match the reviewed product data, the cost of correction, including demolition and refinishing, shall be borne by the Contractor.
NOTE The dimensions that cannot be recovered later are the carrier outlet elevation, the fixture centerline to the finished wall, the finished floor elevation at the fixture, and the supply rough-in heights. Each of them is buried by the next trade, and each of them is what determines whether the finished fixture lands at a compliant height. (16.1.4)

16.2 Carrier Setting Sequence

16.2.1 Carriers shall be set, anchored, and aligned before the rough plumbing inspection.
16.2.2 Waste and supply rough-in connections to the carrier shall be completed after the carrier is anchored and before the wall is framed over it.
16.2.3 The carrier shall be set plumb and square, at the elevation that places the finished fixture rim at the specified height after the finished floor and finished wall thicknesses are accounted for.
16.2.4 Wall framing and finish shall be installed around the set carrier, and the carrier shall not be repositioned to suit a framing error.
NOTE Setting a carrier into an opening cut in a finished wall is possible and is far more expensive than setting it first, and the misalignment it produces does not become visible until the fixture is hung, at which point the wall finish is complete. (16.2.5)

16.3 Fixture Setting and Sealant

Fixture Perimeter Sealantradio
● Mildew-resistant silicone sealant
○ Silicone sealant with a fungicide additive
○ Sanitary-grade polyurethane sealant
16.3.1 Fixtures shall not be hung or set until the adjacent wall and floor finishes are complete, cured, and dry.
16.3.2 Fixtures shall be set level and plumb with the gaskets, seals, and fastener tightening sequence specified by the fixture manufacturer.
16.3.3 Tank-to-bowl fasteners shall be tightened in an alternating pattern to the torque specified by the manufacturer.
16.3.4 Wall-hung fixtures shall be sealed to the wall with a continuous bead of the sealant selected in the datasheet along the top and both sides, with the bottom edge left open.
16.3.5 Counter-mounted fixtures shall be sealed continuously around the full perimeter of the rim.
NOTE Leaving the bottom edge of a wall-hung fixture unsealed gives any water that gets behind the fixture a path out where it can be seen, instead of trapping it against the wall finish where it is discovered as a stain months later. (16.3.6)
NOTE An acrylic latex sealant fails in a continuously wet joint and supports mold growth in the failure, which is why the sealant at a fixture perimeter is a different product from the one used at a painted trim joint even though both are sold as caulk. (16.3.7)

16.4 Trim Installation

16.4.1 The Contractor shall flush each supply branch to waste before connecting any faucet, flush valve, or stop to it.
16.4.2 The Contractor shall verify the flush volume or flow rating marked on each operating element against the rating of the fixture it serves before the trim is installed.
16.4.3 Supply connections at the fixture shall be tightened to the manufacturer's specified torque and shall not be over-tightened to stop a weeping joint.
16.4.4 Aerators, flow-limiting inserts, and flush cartridges shall be installed on the fixture they are rated for, and shall not be interchanged between fixture types.
NOTE Three trim errors account for most first-year fixture callbacks. Debris left in the branch is driven through a cartridge on first operation and cuts the seat. An over-tightened supply nut deforms the cone washer and produces a drip that nobody sees inside a cabinet. And an operating element rated for the wrong volume puts the fixture permanently out of specification while looking correct from the outside. (16.4.5)

16.5 Sensor and Power Connection

16.5.1 Sensor lenses shall be installed unobstructed and aimed at the position a user actually occupies at the fixture.
16.5.2 The sensor range shall be adjusted at trim-out so that the fixture does not activate on traffic passing behind the user.
16.5.3 Battery-powered units shall be fitted with new batteries at trim-out, and the installation date shall be recorded in the operation and maintenance manuals.
16.5.4 Hardwired units shall be connected to a junction box that remains accessible without removing the fixture.
NOTE The default sensor range set at the factory assumes an open approach, and in a narrow toilet room it sees the opposite stall door, the wall, or a person walking past, which produces the phantom flushing that occupants report as a fault and that quietly doubles the fixture's water use. (16.5.5)

17 Testing

17.1 Flush and Flow Verification

Flush and Flow Verification Extentradio
● Every installed fixture
○ A representative sample agreed with the Engineer of Record
17.1.1 Fixture testing shall be performed after the supply piping pressure test, the drainage piping test, and the required inspections are complete.
17.1.2 Flush volume at water closets and urinals shall be verified by collecting one complete flush in a calibrated container and comparing the measured volume to the rated volume.
17.1.3 Flow rate at faucets and showerheads shall be verified by collecting the discharge in a calibrated container over a timed interval at the available supply pressure.
17.1.4 A measured flush volume or flow rate shall be within ±10 percent of the rated value.
17.1.5 The extent of verification shall be as selected in the datasheet.
17.1.6 Where a fixture fails the verification, the Contractor shall diagnose and correct the cause and shall retest that fixture and two additional fixtures of the same type at the Contractor's cost.
17.1.7 The Contractor shall record every test in a fixture test log identifying the fixture, the date, the supply pressure at the time of test, the measured value, the rated value, and the determination.
NOTE Where a measured flow exceeds the rated value, the first thing to check is the aerator or the flow insert, because inserts are routinely swapped between fixtures during shipping and installation and a high-flow insert on a low-flow fixture defeats the entire water-efficiency selection while leaving the fixture marking correct. (17.1.8)

17.2 Scald-Protection Setpoint Verification

17.2.1 Each temperature-limiting device and each shower valve shall have its maximum delivery temperature measured at the fixture outlet with a calibrated thermometer, with the control set to full hot.
17.2.2 The measured temperature shall not exceed the maximum delivery temperature selected in the datasheet for that fixture family.
17.2.3 Each shower valve shall additionally be tested with the cold supply pressure reduced to simulate a simultaneous draw elsewhere on the branch, and the delivered temperature shall remain within ±3.6°F of the setpoint.
17.2.4 The Contractor shall record every setpoint measurement, and shall not adjust a setpoint after it has been recorded without notifying the Engineer of Record.
NOTE Reducing the cold supply pressure during the shower test reproduces the exact event the compensating valve exists to handle, which is a fixture drawing cold water from the same branch while someone is in the shower. A valve that passes a static temperature check can still fail this one. (17.2.5)

17.3 Emergency Equipment Activation Test

17.3.1 Every plumbed emergency eyewash and drench shower unit shall be activated and tested at installation in accordance with ANSI/ISEA Z358.1.
17.3.2 The test shall verify and record the flow rate, the spray pattern and its height, the valve opening time, the stay-open behavior, and the delivered water temperature.
17.3.3 The Contractor shall provide the Owner with written instruction on the periodic activation testing that ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 requires throughout the life of the equipment.
NOTE The installation test proves the equipment was installed correctly; the periodic activation test that follows it proves the branch has not silted up, the mixing valve has not drifted, and nobody has stored a pallet under the shower. The second one is the Owner's obligation and it starts the month after handover. (17.3.4)

17.4 Accessibility Verification

17.4.2 The verification shall cover rim, seat, and spout heights, centerline dimensions, knee and toe clearance, control location and reach, operating force, and contact protection beneath lavatories.
17.4.3 Operating force shall be measured with a calibrated gauge, and a control requiring more than 5 lbf shall be adjusted or replaced.
17.4.4 The Contractor shall provide the recorded verification for each accessible fixture as part of the closeout submittals.
17.4.5 Where a dimension is found non-compliant, the Contractor shall correct it and shall re-verify, and the cost shall be borne as established in the Rough-In and Accessibility Inspection subsection.

18 Delivery, Storage, and Handling

18.1 Fixture Delivery and Storage

18.1.1 Fixtures shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original packaging with the rough-in template and installation instructions intact.
18.1.2 Vitreous china, enameled cast iron, enameled steel, solid surface, and cultured marble fixtures shall be stored upright on a padded surface, kept dry, and protected from construction traffic.
18.1.3 Fixtures shall not be stored where water trapped in a tank, trap, or waterway can freeze.
18.1.4 Trim, faucets, and flush valves shall be stored in their original packaging with the waterway caps in place.
18.1.5 Fixtures already installed shall be protected from use, from construction traffic, and from being used as a work surface until the building is accepted.
NOTE These fixture materials fail by localized impact rather than by gradual wear, so a fixture that has been stacked, laid on its rim, or set on an unpadded slab can carry a crack that goes unnoticed until it is under water pressure in an occupied building. (18.1.6)

18.2 Damaged Fixtures

18.2.1 A fixture with a chip, crack, gouge, dent, or visible finish defect shall be removed from the project and replaced.
18.2.2 A chip, crack, or gouge in a fixture surface shall not be field-repaired.
18.2.3 A finish defect on exposed trim shall be cause for replacement of that item of trim.
18.2.4 Where the parties disagree whether a defect is visible in the installed condition, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.
NOTE The Owner is buying new fixtures, and a field-filled chip in vitreous china is visible under any light, holds soil, and grows. The disagreement this rule prevents is not about whether the defect exists but about whether it is bad enough to matter, which is why the determination is assigned rather than described. (18.2.5)

19 Warranty

19.1 Installation Warranty

Installation Warranty Periodrange
years
1235
19.1.1 The Contractor shall warrant the fixture installation work, including supports, rough-in connections, trim installation, supply stops and risers, and final connections, against defects in workmanship and against leakage for the period selected in the datasheet, beginning at substantial completion.
19.1.2 The installation warranty shall cover the labor and incidental materials required to correct a defect, and shall cover the repair or replacement of finishes and contents damaged by leakage from a defective installation.
19.1.3 Where a warranted defect is corrected, the corrected work shall carry a fresh warranty for the full selected period from the date of correction, or the remainder of the original period, whichever ends later.

19.2 Manufacturer Warranty Pass-Through

19.2.1 The Contractor shall obtain and transfer to the Owner the manufacturer warranty for every fixture, item of trim, carrier, and electronic component installed.
19.2.2 Warranty documentation shall be registered in the Owner's name where the manufacturer requires registration for the warranty to be effective.
NOTE Manufacturer warranty periods on this equipment vary by an order of magnitude across the components of a single fixture, commonly running several years on the fixture body, a much longer period on a faucet body, and one to three years on the sensor, solenoid, and cartridge components that are also the ones most likely to fail. The pass-through matters most for the short-lived parts. (19.2.3)

20 Spare Parts

20.1 The Contractor shall deliver the following spare parts to the Owner at substantial completion, packaged and labeled by fixture type and model:
  • Two operating elements, diaphragm or piston, for each flush valve model and each rated flush volume installed
  • Two cartridges for each faucet model installed
  • One sensor module for each sensor-operated product line installed
  • A two-year supply of batteries for each battery-powered product line installed, based on the manufacturer's published battery life
  • Two aerators or flow inserts of each rated flow for each faucet model installed
  • One flush handle, one escutcheon, and one supply stop for each model installed
  • One seat for each water closet model installed
  • One filter cartridge for each filtered drinking fountain installed
  • One complete cartridge or seal insert set for each non-water urinal installed
  • Two removal keys or security bits of each type where vandal-resistant trim is installed
Spare Parts Inventorycheckbox
☑ Flush valve operating elements
☑ Faucet cartridges
☑ Sensor modules
☑ Sensor batteries
☑ Aerators and flow inserts
☐ Flush handles, escutcheons, and supply stops
☐ Water closet seats
☐ Drinking fountain filter cartridges
☐ Non-water urinal cartridges or seal inserts
☐ Vandal-resistant trim removal keys
NOTE The parts on this list are the consumables of a fixture package, and the first year of occupancy is when a facilities team discovers which ones it needs and how long procurement takes. Holding a small stock of each removes the interval where a fixture is out of service waiting on a part that costs a few dollars. (20.2)

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