+---
+title: Site Furnishings and Bollards
+category: Sitework
+toc_depth: 3
+description: >
+ When to use: Exterior site furnishings (benches, picnic tables, waste and recycling
+ receptacles, bike racks, planters, drinking fountains) and bollards (decorative/architectural,
+ ASTM F3016 low-speed storefront/pedestrian, and ASTM F2656 high-security vehicle-barrier)
+ for commercial, institutional, civic, and multi-family residential site packages -
+ plazas, parks, streetscapes, courtyards, transit areas, and campuses. Covers materials,
+ finishes, anchorage (surface-mounted, embedded, removable, retractable), spacing layout,
+ and ADA-compliant clearances for new construction and renovation.
+ Not intended for: Perimeter and security fencing and access gates (use
+ [[sync/fencing-and-gates]]); concrete paving substrates, curbs, and edge restraints the
+ bollards anchor into (use [[sync/concrete-paving]]); pavement markings and traffic striping
+ adjacent to bollard lines (use [[sync/pavement-markings]]); site, regulatory, and wayfinding
+ signage (use [[sync/signage]]); structural footing design per ACI 318 (refer to structural
+ drawings); interior furnishings; and retractable/hydraulic bollard control systems and
+ electromechanical operators (separate electrical/mechanical scope).
+---
+
+# Scope {toc}
+
+## This standard covers exterior site furnishings and bollards for commercial, institutional, civic, and multi-family residential projects. {note}
+
+## Site furnishings under this standard include benches, picnic tables, waste and recycling receptacles, bike racks, planters, and drinking fountains placed in plazas, parks, streetscapes, courtyards, transit areas, and campus sites. Bollards under this standard include decorative/architectural bollards with no crash rating, low-speed pedestrian and storefront-protection bollards rated to ASTM F3016, and high-security vehicle-barrier bollards rated to ASTM F2656. The standard addresses materials, surface finishes, anchorage systems, spacing layout, and accessible clearances for both new construction and renovation site packages. {note}
+
+## The three bollard classes are functionally distinct and are not interchangeable. {note}
+
+## A bollard's class is set by the function it serves, and the three classes carry very different cost, foundation, and engineering consequences: {note}
+
+- **Decorative/architectural** bollards delineate space, channel pedestrians, and protect storefronts only from incidental contact. They carry no crash rating and are not engineered as vehicle barriers.
+- **Low-speed rated** bollards (ASTM F3016) resist accidental low-speed vehicle impact at storefronts, sidewalks, and drive-up zones using a 5,000 lb surrogate cart at 10 to 30 mph.
+- **High-security rated** bollards (ASTM F2656) resist deliberate vehicle ram attack and carry an M-rating (vehicle weight and speed) plus a P-rating (penetration distance) for federal, DoD, and critical-infrastructure perimeters.
+
+## Selecting a bollard class drives foundation depth, steel schedule, and cost, and must precede product selection. {note}
+
+## The class decision determines embedment depth, pipe schedule, footing reinforcement, and price; it cannot be reversed cheaply once paving is poured. A decorative bollard cannot be field-upgraded to a crash rating, and a crash-rated footing is a structural element that must be coordinated before sitework begins. {note}
+
+## High-security crash ratings require an upstream threat assessment that the Engineer of Record should not perform alone. {note}
+
+## ASTM F2656 M-ratings and P-classes encode a defined threat vehicle weight and approach speed. Selecting a rating presupposes a defined threat, which is the output of a security or blast/impact engineer's vehicle-threat assessment, not a default the design team should choose by intuition. Where this standard's drawings call for an F2656-rated bollard, the required M-rating and P-class shall originate from that assessment. {note}
+
+# Referenced Standards {toc}
+
+## Equipment, materials, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
+
+## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
+
+| Standard | Title |
+|----------|-------|
+| ASTM F2656/F2656M-23 | Standard Test Method for Crash Testing of Vehicle Security Barriers |
+| ASTM F3016-19 | Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the In-Road or On-Road Vehicle Barriers at Low Speed Impact Conditions |
+| ASTM A36/A36M | Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel |
+| ASTM A53/A53M | Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless |
+| ASTM A500/A500M | Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes |
+| ASTM B26/B26M | Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings |
+| ASTM B209 | Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate |
+| ASTM D7803 | Standard Practice for Preparation of Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coated Iron and Steel Product and Hardware Surfaces for Powder Coating |
+| ASTM A123/A123M | Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products |
+| ACI 318-19 | Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete |
+| IBC 2021 | International Building Code (Section 1607.7.3, Vehicle Barriers) |
+| IFC 2021 | International Fire Code (Section 312.2, Defensive Barriers) |
+| ADA Standards | ADA Standards for Accessible Design, 2010 (Chapter 4, Accessible Routes) |
+| AASHTO LRFD | AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (current edition) |
+
+# Submittals {toc}
+
+## Action Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following action submittals for review and approval prior to fabrication or ordering:
+
+- Product data for each furnishing and bollard type, including dimensions, materials, finishes, and anchorage method.
+- Shop drawings showing base plate or embedment details, anchor bolt patterns, and footing dimensions, coordinated with the paving and structural drawings.
+- A site layout plan showing the location, orientation, and spacing of each furnishing and bollard, with accessible-route clearances dimensioned.
+- Crash-test certification for each rated bollard, identifying the ASTM F2656 M-rating and P-class or the ASTM F3016 rating as applicable.
+- Color and finish samples for each powder-coat color, galvanized finish, and exposed material.
+- Manufacturer's anchorage and installation instructions, including required embedment depth and footing concrete strength.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Action submittals required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Product data (each type)
+ - Shop drawings (base/embedment, anchor pattern, footing)
+ - Site layout plan with accessible clearances
+ - Crash-test certification (rated bollards)
+ - Color and finish samples
+ - Manufacturer installation instructions
+default:
+ - Product data (each type)
+ - Shop drawings (base/embedment, anchor pattern, footing)
+ - Site layout plan with accessible clearances
+ - Color and finish samples
+ - Manufacturer installation instructions
+```
+
+## Informational Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following informational submittals:
+
+- Structural calculations for vehicle-barrier bollards required by IBC Section 1607.7.3, stamped by a licensed engineer.
+- Concrete mix design and compressive-strength documentation for bollard footings.
+- FSC chain-of-custody documentation for any specified hardwood components.
+- Welding procedure and welder qualification records for field-welded connections.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Informational submittals required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Vehicle-barrier structural calculations (stamped)
+ - Footing concrete mix design and strength
+ - FSC chain-of-custody (hardwood)
+ - Welding procedure and qualification records
+default:
+ - Footing concrete mix design and strength
+```
+
+## Closeout Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following closeout submittals before final acceptance:
+
+- Operation and maintenance data for furnishings, removable bollard mechanisms, and finishes.
+- Warranty documentation for furnishings, coatings, and rated bollards.
+- Touch-up coating material matching the installed finish for each color.
+- Keys and lock cylinders for removable and lockable bollards, with a keying schedule.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Closeout submittals required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - Operation and maintenance data
+ - Warranty documentation
+ - Touch-up coating material
+ - Keys and keying schedule (removable bollards)
+default:
+ - Operation and maintenance data
+ - Warranty documentation
+ - Touch-up coating material
+```
+
+# Quality Assurance {toc}
+
+## Rated bollards shall be substantiated by full-scale crash testing, not by analysis alone. {note}
+
+## A crash rating is a tested outcome. ASTM F2656 and ASTM F3016 ratings are earned by destructive full-scale tests of a specific product configuration; an engineering opinion that a bollard "should" resist a vehicle is not equivalent to a tested rating and shall not be accepted in its place. {note}
+
+### Each ASTM F2656-rated bollard shall be supplied in the same configuration, embedment, and footing detail as the tested article that earned its rating.
+
+### Crash-rated bollard installations shall follow the manufacturer's tested foundation detail without field modification unless re-substantiated by the manufacturer in writing.
+
+### Field welding of structural bollard components shall be performed by welders qualified to AWS D1.1 procedures.
+
+### The installer shall have completed at least one comparable site furnishing and bollard package within the preceding five years.
+
+## Vehicle-barrier bollards must satisfy the building official as engineered barriers, not as decorative elements. {note}
+
+## IBC Section 1607.7.3 treats a vehicle barrier as a structural element with a defined impact load and requires that the barrier engage the vehicle with at least two bollards. A decorative bollard placed where a code-required barrier is needed will not satisfy the building official without load calculations, and substituting one for the other is a common and costly review failure. {note}
+
+### Bollards serving a code-required vehicle-barrier function shall be supported by structural calculations demonstrating compliance with IBC Section 1607.7.3.
+
+# Materials {toc}
+
+## Material selection trades impact resistance, corrosion performance, and appearance. {note}
+
+## No single material is correct for every furnishing or bollard. Steel offers the highest impact resistance and is the basis for all crash-rated products; cast iron and concrete give mass and a traditional profile; aluminum and recycled plastic resist corrosion and reduce maintenance; wood adds warmth but demands species and treatment discipline. The selection should weigh the service environment, the required function, and the maintenance commitment together. {note}
+
+## Steel {toc}
+
+### Steel pipe for bollard shafts shall conform to ASTM A53/A53M, Schedule 40 or Schedule 80 as scheduled for the impact requirement.
+
+### Structural steel plate and shapes shall conform to ASTM A36/A36M.
+
+### Cold-formed tubular steel for decorative bollards and furnishing frames shall conform to ASTM A500/A500M.
+
+### Concrete-filled steel bollards shall be filled with concrete having a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 3,000 psi and crowned at the top to shed water.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Steel bollard pipe schedule
+type: select
+options:
+ - Schedule 40
+ - Schedule 80
+default: Schedule 40
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Steel bollard nominal pipe diameter
+type: select
+unit: in
+options:
+ - 4
+ - 6
+ - 8
+default: 6
+```
+
+## Cast Iron {toc}
+
+### Ornamental cast iron bollards shall be of uniform section, free of blowholes, cold shuts, and shrinkage defects on exposed faces.
+
+### Cast iron bollards shall be primed and finish-coated, or hot-dip galvanized prior to finish, to prevent corrosion staining of adjacent paving.
+
+## Aluminum {toc}
+
+### Cast aluminum site furnishings and decorative bollard castings shall conform to ASTM B26/B26M.
+
+### Aluminum sheet and plate for benches, receptacles, and planter bodies shall conform to ASTM B209.
+
+## Concrete {toc}
+
+### Precast concrete bollards shall be cast in steel forms with a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 4,000 psi.
+
+### Precast concrete bollards shall be supplied with cast-in lifting anchors and a smooth-form or exposed-aggregate finish as scheduled.
+
+## Recycled Plastic and Wood {toc}
+
+### Recycled plastic lumber shall be high-density polyethylene or commingled plastic lumber, color-fast and ultraviolet-stabilized for exterior service.
+
+### Wood slat and accent components shall be a durable, rot-resistant species, and tropical hardwoods shall carry FSC chain-of-custody certification.
+
+## Untreated or unspecified wood fails rapidly outdoors and creates procurement risk. {note}
+
+## Outdoor wood that is not selected for durability checks, splits, and rots within a few seasons, and tropical hardwoods without chain-of-custody documentation create sustainability and procurement conflicts that surface late in construction. Specifying species, treatment, and certification up front avoids both failures. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Wood component species class
+type: select
+options:
+ - FSC-certified tropical hardwood
+ - Naturally durable domestic hardwood
+ - Preservative-treated softwood
+default: FSC-certified tropical hardwood
+```
+
+# Finishes and Coatings {toc}
+
+## Raw steel powder coat fails early at humid and coastal sites. {note}
+
+## Powder coat applied directly over bare steel has no sacrificial corrosion barrier; at coastal or high-humidity sites it undercuts and peels within three to five years. A zinc layer beneath the powder coat - either hot-dip galvanizing or a zinc-rich primer - is what gives the finish its service life, and the galvanized surface must be prepared to ASTM D7803 so the powder coat bonds. {note}
+
+### Steel furnishings and bollards specified for powder coat shall be hot-dip galvanized to ASTM A123/A123M or zinc-primed prior to coating.
+
+### Galvanized surfaces to be powder-coated shall be prepared in accordance with ASTM D7803.
+
+### Powder-coat finish shall be applied at the manufacturer's recommended thickness and cured to a uniform color and gloss free of runs, sags, and bare spots.
+
+### Hot-dip galvanized finish used as the final exposed finish shall conform to ASTM A123/A123M.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Exposed finish system
+type: select
+options:
+ - Powder coat over hot-dip galvanizing
+ - Powder coat over zinc primer
+ - Hot-dip galvanized (no topcoat)
+ - Stainless steel
+default: Powder coat over hot-dip galvanizing
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Powder-coat gloss level
+type: select
+options:
+ - Matte
+ - Satin
+ - Semi-gloss
+ - Gloss
+default: Satin
+```
+
+### Powder-coat color shall match the approved sample and is determined by the landscape architect.
+
+### The color for each furnishing and bollard type is established on the drawings: [[drawing: finish/color schedule]]. {note}
+
+# Bollard Ratings and Configuration {toc}
+
+## Confusing the two crash standards wastes cost or fails to protect. {note}
+
+## ASTM F2656 and ASTM F3016 are not graded versions of one another - they test different vehicles at different speeds for different threats. F2656 is high-speed anti-ram for deliberate attack; F3016 is low-speed protection against accidental impact at storefronts and sidewalks. Specifying F2656 where F3016 suffices buys an unneeded structural footing; specifying F3016 where F2656 is required leaves a perimeter unprotected. {note}
+
+### Decorative bollards shall be installed only where no crash rating is required by the drawings or the building code.
+
+### Low-speed storefront and pedestrian-protection bollards shall be rated to ASTM F3016 for the scheduled impact condition.
+
+### High-security vehicle-barrier bollards shall be rated to ASTM F2656 at the M-rating and P-class scheduled on the drawings.
+
+## A crash rating is incomplete without its penetration class. {note}
+
+## An ASTM F2656 rating has two parts: the M-rating (the vehicle weight and approach speed it stops) and the P-class (how far the vehicle penetrates past the barrier line). Calling for a "crash-rated" or "M50" bollard without the P-class is not a specification - it allows a barrier that stops the vehicle but lets it travel past the protected line, and it generates RFIs and non-conforming substitutions. {note}
+
+### The scheduled ASTM F2656 rating shall state both the M-rating and the penetration class for every high-security bollard.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Bollard class
+type: select
+options:
+ - Decorative (no crash rating)
+ - Low-speed rated (ASTM F3016)
+ - High-security rated (ASTM F2656)
+default: Decorative (no crash rating)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: ASTM F2656 M-rating (high-security only)
+type: select
+options:
+ - M30
+ - M40
+ - M50
+default: M30
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: ASTM F2656 penetration class (high-security only)
+type: select
+options:
+ - P1
+ - P2
+default: P1
+```
+
+# Anchorage and Installation {toc}
+
+## The installation method follows from the site condition and the function. {note}
+
+## Bollards are anchored four ways, and each suits a different situation. Permanently embedded bollards (cast-in-place or sleeve-anchored) give the deepest, strongest fixity and are required for crash ratings. Surface-mounted bollards bolt to existing concrete and suit retrofits where a footing cannot be excavated. Removable bollards use a receiver sleeve for event access or loading. Retractable bollards drop below grade on demand; their drive systems are outside this standard's scope. {note}
+
+## Embedment {toc}
+
+### Permanently embedded bollards shall be set in a concrete footing sized per the manufacturer's tested or recommended detail.
+
+### Crash-rated bollards governed by IFC Section 312.2 shall have a minimum embedment of 3 ft and a footing extending a minimum of 15 in around the pipe.
+
+## Standard embedment depth is insufficient in cold climates. {note}
+
+## A typical 18 to 24 in embedment is adequate in mild climates but not in frost zones, where heave will lift and loosen a bollard set above the frost line. In colder regions the footing must extend below the local frost depth plus a bearing zone, which can substantially exceed the nominal embedment and must be confirmed against the local code before footings are sized. {note}
+
+### Embedded bollard footings in frost-susceptible regions shall extend below the local frost depth plus a minimum bearing zone.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Bollard installation method
+type: select
+options:
+ - Embedded (cast-in-place)
+ - Embedded (sleeve anchor)
+ - Surface-mounted (base plate)
+ - Removable (receiver sleeve)
+ - Retractable
+default: Embedded (cast-in-place)
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Embedded bollard footing depth
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 18
+max: 48
+step: 6
+default: 36
+drawing_ref: "footing/embedment schedule"
+```
+
+## Surface Mounting {toc}
+
+### Surface-mounted bollards shall be installed with a base plate and anchor bolts set into concrete of adequate thickness and strength.
+
+### The base plate and anchor-bolt pattern shall be shown on the drawings and coordinated with the paving layout.
+
+### The base plate dimensions and anchor pattern are detailed on the drawings: [[drawing: base plate detail]]. {note}
+
+## Omitting the anchor pattern forces the contractor to default to the manufacturer's. {note}
+
+## When the drawings do not show a base plate and anchor-bolt pattern for a surface-mounted bollard, the contractor installs the manufacturer's standard pattern, which may not align with the structural reinforcement or the landscape architect's paving joints. Showing the pattern on the drawings keeps the bollard, the footing, and the paving in agreement. {note}
+
+## Removable Bollards {toc}
+
+### Removable bollards shall seat in a receiver sleeve with a keyed-lock or padlock mechanism for controlled access.
+
+### The receiver sleeve and the bollard shall be supplied by the same manufacturer or to a common dimensional standard.
+
+## Receiver sleeves are not interchangeable between manufacturers. {note}
+
+## A removable bollard and its receiver sleeve are a matched pair; sleeves from different manufacturers differ in diameter, depth, and locking interface and will not accept another maker's bollard. Specifying the manufacturer or a common dimensional standard prevents a field mismatch that strands a bollard with no sleeve to seat in. {note}
+
+## Utility and Code Coordination {toc}
+
+### Bollard footing excavation shall be coordinated with underground utilities to avoid conflict with irrigation laterals, conduits, and shallow utilities.
+
+### Furnishings and bollards shall not be placed within fire-department access roads or the clear width of fire lanes.
+
+## Furnishing footprints conflict with utilities and fire access. {note}
+
+## Embedded bollard footings are 18 to 36 in deep, and crash-rated footings reach as much as 4 ft, deep enough to strike irrigation lines, conduit, and shallow utilities that a layout plan rarely shows at footing scale. Separately, waste receptacles and planters placed in a fire lane violate the access width the fire code requires. Both conflicts are cheap to avoid in layout and expensive to fix in the field. {note}
+
+# Accessibility {toc}
+
+## Furnishings cluster exactly where accessible routes are tightest. {note}
+
+## The ADA Standards require a minimum 36 in clear passage on an accessible route, and the places where benches, bike corrals, and bollard lines cluster - building entries, plazas, transit stops - are the same places where that clearance is most easily lost. Furnishings and bollards must be laid out so the accessible route stays clear, and 48 in is preferred wherever space allows. {note}
+
+### Clear passage between bollards on an accessible route shall be a minimum of 36 in, with 48 in preferred.
+
+### Site furnishings shall not encroach on the required clear width of an accessible route or on required reach ranges at drinking fountains and other operable elements.
+
+### Detectable warning surfaces shall be coordinated with bollard placement so that bollards do not obstruct or interrupt the required warning surface.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Clear spacing between bollards on accessible routes
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 36
+max: 60
+step: 3
+default: 48
+```
+
+# Site Furnishings {toc}
+
+## Benches and Tables {toc}
+
+### Benches and picnic tables shall be supplied with the scheduled mounting option: surface-mounted, embedded-leg, or freestanding.
+
+### Bench and table hardware exposed to marine or high-humidity environments shall be stainless steel.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Bench frame and slat material
+type: select
+options:
+ - Powder-coated steel frame with hardwood slats
+ - Powder-coated steel frame with aluminum slats
+ - Recycled plastic lumber with steel frame
+ - Cast aluminum
+default: Powder-coated steel frame with hardwood slats
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Bench mounting
+type: select
+options:
+ - Surface-mounted
+ - Embedded leg
+ - Freestanding
+default: Surface-mounted
+```
+
+## Waste and Recycling Receptacles {toc}
+
+### Waste and recycling receptacles shall be supplied with a removable rigid liner sized to the receptacle capacity.
+
+### Receptacles shall be installed with a base detail that drains, so that standing water does not collect beneath an open-bottom unit on paving.
+
+### Recycling receptacles shall be configured for the scheduled number of separated streams and labeled accordingly.
+
+## Receptacle liner and base details prevent standing water and service problems. {note}
+
+## A receptacle without a specified liner type and a draining base detail collects rainwater in its base and becomes a standing-water and odor problem; the open-bottom unit set directly on paving is the classic failure. Calling out the liner and a surface-mount or recessed base with drainage keeps the receptacle serviceable. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Receptacle capacity
+type: select
+unit: gal
+options:
+ - 32
+ - 35
+ - 45
+ - 55
+default: 35
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Receptacle lid type
+type: select
+options:
+ - Open top
+ - Flat lid
+ - Dome lid
+ - Rain cap
+default: Dome lid
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Recycling stream configuration
+type: select
+options:
+ - Single (waste only)
+ - Dual-sort
+ - Triple-sort
+default: Single (waste only)
+```
+
+## Bike Racks {toc}
+
+### Bike racks shall support the bicycle frame at two points and allow the frame and a wheel to be locked with a U-lock.
+
+### Inverted-U (Sheffield) racks shall be fabricated from 2 in Schedule 40 steel pipe, powder-coated, and surface-mounted to concrete.
+
+### Bike rack quantity and rack type shall conform to the applicable zoning or local bicycle-plan ordinance where one governs.
+
+## Bike rack type and quantity may be governed outside the spec. {note}
+
+## The number of bike parking spaces and sometimes the rack type are frequently set by zoning or a local green-building or bicycle-plan ordinance, not by the specification alone. The APBP Bicycle Parking Guidelines, 2nd edition, is the widely used reference for selecting and locating rack types; it is a guideline document, not an ASTM or ANSI standard, and the governing ordinance controls where the two differ. {note}
+
+```datasheet
+label: Bike rack type
+type: select
+options:
+ - Inverted-U (Sheffield)
+ - Post-and-ring
+ - Wave/ribbon
+default: Inverted-U (Sheffield)
+```
+
+## Planters {toc}
+
+### Freestanding planters shall be provided with drainage, including weep holes and a gravel drainage layer at the base.
+
+### Planters placed adjacent to paving shall incorporate a root barrier coordinated with the paving section where root intrusion is a concern.
+
+### Planters specified with an integrated seating ledge shall meet the seat-height and edge requirements of a bench.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Planter material
+type: select
+options:
+ - Powder-coated weathering steel
+ - Fiberglass
+ - Cast stone
+ - Precast concrete
+default: Powder-coated weathering steel
+```
+
+## Drinking Fountains {toc}
+
+### Exterior drinking fountains shall meet the accessible reach-range and clear-floor-space requirements of the ADA Standards.
+
+### Drinking fountain rough-in location and supply and waste connections are shown on the plumbing drawings.
+
+### The fountain location and connections are coordinated on the drawings: [[drawing: plumbing rough-in]]. {note}
+
+# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
+
+## Furnishings and bollards shall be delivered in the manufacturer's protective packaging and stored off the ground under cover until installation.
+
+### Finished surfaces shall be protected from scratching, staining, and impact during handling and storage.
+
+### Precast concrete and cast iron units shall be handled using the cast-in lifting points and shall not be dragged or pried.
+
+# Warranty {toc}
+
+## The manufacturer shall warrant furnishings and bollards against defects in material and workmanship for a minimum of five years from Substantial Completion.
+
+### Powder-coat and galvanized finishes shall be warranted against peeling, cracking, and corrosion for a minimum of five years.
+
+### Crash-rated bollards shall retain their certified rating for the warranted product configuration as installed.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum warranty period
+type: range
+unit: yr
+min: 1
+max: 10
+step: 1
+default: 5
+```
+
+# Spare Parts {toc}
+
+## The Contractor shall furnish touch-up coating material for each installed finish color in the manufacturer's standard container.
+
+### The Contractor shall furnish spare keys and lock cylinders for removable and lockable bollards per the keying schedule.
+
+### The Contractor shall furnish spare liners for each receptacle type at the scheduled quantity.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Spare receptacle liners furnished (per type)
+type: range
+unit: each
+min: 0
+max: 6
+step: 1
+default: 2
+```
+
+### --- {note}
+
+### This SynC standard is licensed CC BY-SA. It was independently authored from public consensus standards, building codes, and professional knowledge, and contains no proprietary guide-specification text. {note}