Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
---
title: Steam and Condensate Piping
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## Examination {toc}
−### Welds shall be examined to the extent and by the methods required by the governing code for the pressure class. {note}
+### Welds shall be examined to the extent and by the methods required by the governing code for the pressure class.
### Welds on systems governed by ASME B31.1 shall be visually examined, with radiographic or other volumetric examination performed to the percentage required by B31.1 for the design conditions.
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## Slope {toc}
−### Steam mains and condensate return lines must drain by gravity to their drip and collection points; insufficient slope leaves condensate standing in the main, which is then carried into the pipe as a slug on the next pressure change. {note}
+### Steam mains and condensate return lines must drain by gravity to their drip and collection points; insufficient slope leaves condensate standing in the main, which is then carried into the pipe as a slug on the next pressure change.
### Steam supply mains shall slope a minimum of 1/4 in. per 10 ft (1:480) in the direction of steam flow.
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## Pipe Schedule {toc}
−### The schedule must be matched to the pressure class and verified against the code pressure-design rules; the defaults below are the 80% case and do not relieve the engineer of the wall-thickness calculation for high-pressure service. {note}
+### The schedule must be matched to the pressure class and verified against the code pressure-design rules; the defaults below cover ordinary service and do not relieve the engineer of the wall-thickness calculation for high-pressure service.
### Low-pressure steam piping 2 in. and smaller shall be Schedule 40, joined by thread or flange.
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## Flanges {toc}
−### Flange class must be rated for both the design pressure and the design temperature; carbon-steel ratings derate with temperature, so a flange that passes a pressure check at ambient may be under-rated at the operating temperature. {note}
+### Flange class must be rated for both the design pressure and the design temperature; carbon-steel ratings derate with temperature, so a flange that passes a pressure check at ambient may be under-rated at the operating temperature.
### Flanges shall conform to ASME B16.5 and shall be rated for the design pressure and temperature of the connected service.
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## Condensate Receiver and Pump Set {toc}
−### A duplex pump set with an alternator keeps condensate moving when one pump fails and is standard for any return that cannot tolerate an outage; the receiver volume must buffer the condensate load between pump cycles. {note}
+### A duplex pump set with an alternator keeps condensate moving when one pump fails and is standard for any return that cannot tolerate an outage; the receiver volume must buffer the condensate load between pump cycles.
### The condensate pump set shall be duplex.
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## Isolation Valves {toc}
−### Isolation valves must carry the pressure-temperature rating of the service, which for steam means a B16.34 rating verified at the design temperature, not just the design pressure. {note}
+### Isolation valves must carry the pressure-temperature rating of the service, which for steam means a B16.34 rating verified at the design temperature, not just the design pressure.
### Isolation valves shall conform to ASME B16.34 and shall be rated for the design pressure and temperature of the service.
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# Expansion Compensation {toc}
−## General {toc}
+## Steam pipe grows roughly 3/4 in. per 100 ft at 100 psig; unrelieved thermal growth cracks flanges, shears bolts, and pulls supports loose, so every run must be analyzed and compensated. {note}
−### Steam pipe grows roughly 3/4 in. per 100 ft at 100 psig; unrelieved thermal growth cracks flanges, shears bolts, and pulls supports loose, so every run must be analyzed and compensated. {note}
+## Thermal expansion of each pipe run shall be calculated for the temperature change from installation to operating temperature.
−### Thermal expansion of each pipe run shall be calculated for the temperature change from installation to operating temperature.
+## Expansion compensation shall be provided by expansion loops, bellows expansion joints, or slip-type expansion joints, with anchors and guides arranged to direct the movement.
−### Expansion compensation shall be provided by expansion loops, bellows expansion joints, or slip-type expansion joints, with anchors and guides arranged to direct the movement.
+## Expansion loops shall be the preferred method of compensation where space permits, as they require no moving seals.
−### Expansion loops shall be the preferred method of compensation where space permits, as they require no moving seals.
−
```datasheet
label: Expansion Compensation Method
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# Insulation Requirements {toc}
−## General {toc}
+## This standard specifies the insulation requirements by service - operating temperature, minimum thickness, and jacket - and delegates material specification and field application detail to [[sync/mechanical-insulation]]. {note}
−### This standard specifies the insulation requirements by service - operating temperature, minimum thickness, and jacket - and delegates material specification and field application detail to [[sync/mechanical-insulation]]. {note}
+## Steam and condensate piping shall be insulated to not less than the minimum thickness required by ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.3-1 for the service operating temperature.
−### Steam and condensate piping shall be insulated to not less than the minimum thickness required by ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.8.3-1 for the service operating temperature.
+## Insulation material shall be selected for the surface operating temperature of the service.
−### Insulation material shall be selected for the surface operating temperature of the service.
−
```datasheet
label: Insulation Material
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## Underground Pre-Insulated Systems {toc}
−### A buried steam line that takes on water fails fast through corrosion of the carrier pipe; the conduit system must keep the carrier dry and be testable for leaks before backfill. {note}
+### A buried steam line that takes on water fails fast through corrosion of the carrier pipe; the conduit system must keep the carrier dry and be testable for leaks before backfill.
### The pre-insulated conduit system shall be furnished by a single manufacturer as a complete system, including straights, fittings, anchors, and field joint closures.
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# Installation {toc}
−## General {toc}
+## Field practice on steam piping is unforgiving: a missed drip leg, a back-pitched run, or an unrelieved expansion turns into water hammer or a cracked joint in service. {note}
−### Field practice on steam piping is unforgiving: a missed drip leg, a back-pitched run, or an unrelieved expansion turns into water hammer or a cracked joint in service. {note}
+## Piping shall be installed to the slopes, drip-leg locations, anchor and guide locations, and pressure class shown on the drawings and specified herein.
−### Piping shall be installed to the slopes, drip-leg locations, anchor and guide locations, and pressure class shown on the drawings and specified herein.
+## Eccentric reducers shall be installed flat-on-bottom on horizontal steam mains so condensate is not trapped at the reduction.
−### Eccentric reducers shall be installed flat-on-bottom on horizontal steam mains so condensate is not trapped at the reduction.
+## Branch connections from a steam main shall be taken from the top of the main so condensate is not carried into the branch.
−### Branch connections from a steam main shall be taken from the top of the main so condensate is not carried into the branch.
+## Dirt pockets and drip legs shall be installed so they can be cleaned and so the trap can be removed without cutting the pipe.
−### Dirt pockets and drip legs shall be installed so they can be cleaned and so the trap can be removed without cutting the pipe.
−
## Cleaning {toc}
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# Warranty {toc}
−## Warranty {toc}
+## The Contractor shall warrant the steam and condensate piping system against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of not less than one year from the date of substantial completion.
−### The Contractor shall warrant the steam and condensate piping system against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of not less than one year from the date of substantial completion.
+## Manufactured components, including steam traps, condensate pumps, PRV stations, and expansion joints, shall carry the manufacturer's standard warranty, which shall be transferred to the Owner.
−### Manufactured components, including steam traps, condensate pumps, PRV stations, and expansion joints, shall carry the manufacturer's standard warranty, which shall be transferred to the Owner.
+## Defects in welds, joints, or components discovered within the warranty period shall be repaired or replaced at no cost to the Owner, including restoration of insulation disturbed by the repair.
−### Defects in welds, joints, or components discovered within the warranty period shall be repaired or replaced at no cost to the Owner, including restoration of insulation disturbed by the repair.
−
# Spare Parts {toc}
−## Spare Parts {toc}
+## Steam traps and strainer screens are the routine wear items; a small on-hand stock keeps a failed trap from being left blowing steam while a replacement is procured. {note}
−### Steam traps and strainer screens are the routine wear items; a small on-hand stock keeps a failed trap from being left blowing steam while a replacement is procured. {note}
+## The Contractor shall furnish spare steam trap internals or complete spare traps for each trap type and size used, in the quantity scheduled.
−### The Contractor shall furnish spare steam trap internals or complete spare traps for each trap type and size used, in the quantity scheduled.
+## The Contractor shall furnish spare strainer screens for each strainer type and size used.
−### The Contractor shall furnish spare strainer screens for each strainer type and size used.
+## The Contractor shall furnish spare gaskets for each flange size used at removable connections.
−### The Contractor shall furnish spare gaskets for each flange size used at removable connections.
−
```datasheet
label: Spare Steam Traps Furnished (per type/size)
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default: 1
```