Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
---
title: Anchor Rods and Embedded Steel
…139 unchanged lines
### The responsibility for furnishing anchor rods and embeds and the responsibility for setting and inspecting them shall be assigned explicitly in the contract documents.
−### AISC 303-22 assigns furnishing of anchor rods to the structural steel contractor but assigns setting and inspection to the General Contractor unless noted otherwise. Because the responsibilities split between two parties, an unstated assignment is a common source of anchor rods missing from a bid package or double-counted. The default below should be confirmed against the project coordination requirements. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Anchor rod and embed furnishing responsibility
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### AISC 303-22 assigns furnishing of anchor rods to the structural steel contractor but assigns setting and inspection to the General Contractor unless noted otherwise. Because the responsibilities split between two parties, an unstated assignment is a common source of anchor rods missing from a bid package or double-counted. The default below should be confirmed against the project coordination requirements. {note}
+
### The party setting the anchorage shall lay out, set, and brace each anchor group from the established building datum and grid before concrete placement.
…33 unchanged lines
### The protective coating for anchor rods and embeds shall be selected for the service exposure of the installed assembly.
−### Uncoated carbon steel is acceptable where the anchorage is permanently encased in concrete or non-shrink grout in a dry interior environment, because the surrounding alkaline cementitious cover passivates the steel. Exterior exposed conditions, subgrade conditions with intermittent moisture, and corrosive industrial atmospheres require a sacrificial or barrier coating to reach the design service life. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Service exposure for anchorage
…7 unchanged lines
```
+### Uncoated carbon steel is acceptable where the anchorage is permanently encased in concrete or non-shrink grout in a dry interior environment, because the surrounding alkaline cementitious cover passivates the steel. Exterior exposed conditions, subgrade conditions with intermittent moisture, and corrosive industrial atmospheres require a sacrificial or barrier coating to reach the design service life. {note}
+
### Anchorage exposed to de-icing salts, marine atmosphere, or process chemicals shall be coated and detailed for that environment as directed by the Engineer of Record.
…4 unchanged lines
### Anchor rods shall be ASTM F1554 of the grade shown on the structural drawings.
−### ASTM F1554 is the primary material standard for cast-in anchor rods. It defines three yield grades, permits headed, hooked, and straight threaded-and-nutted configurations, addresses weldability through a supplementary requirement, and mandates color-code identification of the grade. Grade 36 (Fy 36 ksi minimum, Fu 58 ksi minimum) is the routine default for column bases, canopy posts, and light equipment. Grade 55 (Fy 55 ksi minimum, Fu 75 ksi minimum) suits higher loads or a reduced rod count. Grade 105 (Fy 105 ksi minimum, Fu 125 ksi minimum) suits high-load moment-frame and heavy equipment bases. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Anchor rod material grade (ASTM F1554)
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### ASTM F1554 is the primary material standard for cast-in anchor rods. It defines three yield grades, permits headed, hooked, and straight threaded-and-nutted configurations, addresses weldability through a supplementary requirement, and mandates color-code identification of the grade. Grade 36 (Fy 36 ksi minimum, Fu 58 ksi minimum) is the routine default for column bases, canopy posts, and light equipment. Grade 55 (Fy 55 ksi minimum, Fu 75 ksi minimum) suits higher loads or a reduced rod count. Grade 105 (Fy 105 ksi minimum, Fu 125 ksi minimum) suits high-load moment-frame and heavy equipment bases. {note}
+
### Grade 105 anchor rods shall not be used as the primary ductile anchorage element in structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C or higher unless supplemental ductility is provided in accordance with ACI 318-19 §17.10.5.3.
…8 unchanged lines
### ASTM F1554 Supplementary Requirement S1 (weldability) shall be specified for any anchor rod that will be field-welded or that will be shop-welded to a base plate or embed plate, and for all Grade 55 rods that are to be welded.
−### The base F1554 specification does not control chemistry for weldability. Without Supplementary Requirement S1, the carbon equivalent of a Grade 55 rod is uncontrolled, AWS D1.1 prequalified procedures do not apply, and a sound weld cannot be assured. Specifying S1 is the only way to obtain a weldable Grade 55 rod and is required wherever heat will be applied to the anchorage. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Weldability supplement (ASTM F1554 S1)
…5 unchanged lines
```
+### The base F1554 specification does not control chemistry for weldability. Without Supplementary Requirement S1, the carbon equivalent of a Grade 55 rod is uncontrolled, AWS D1.1 prequalified procedures do not apply, and a sound weld cannot be assured. Specifying S1 is the only way to obtain a weldable Grade 55 rod and is required wherever heat will be applied to the anchorage. {note}
+
### Field welding of anchor rods to base plates or embeds shall conform to AWS D1.1.
…6 unchanged lines
### Anchor rods shall be furnished in the head or hook configuration shown on the structural drawings.
−### Three configurations are in common use. A headed anchor rod develops its tension through bearing of a forged or heavy hex head on the concrete and is the standard column-base choice. An L-bolt or J-hook develops tension through the hooked leg and suits masonry ledger angles, light equipment pads, and sign bases. A straight threaded-and-nutted rod develops tension through a heavy hex nut bearing on a plate washer at the embedded end and is used where a positive, calculable bearing area is wanted. Hooked anchors have lower and less reliable pullout capacity than headed or nutted anchors and are not interchangeable with them. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Anchorage end configuration
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### Three configurations are in common use. A headed anchor rod develops its tension through bearing of a forged or heavy hex head on the concrete and is the standard column-base choice. An L-bolt or J-hook develops tension through the hooked leg and suits masonry ledger angles, light equipment pads, and sign bases. A straight threaded-and-nutted rod develops tension through a heavy hex nut bearing on a plate washer at the embedded end and is used where a positive, calculable bearing area is wanted. Hooked anchors have lower and less reliable pullout capacity than headed or nutted anchors and are not interchangeable with them. {note}
+
### The embedded end of a straight threaded-and-nutted anchor rod shall bear on a plate washer and heavy hex nut sized to develop the required pullout capacity.
…24 unchanged lines
### The anchor rod coating shall be as scheduled on the drawings and shall match the service exposure.
−### Uncoated carbon steel is the standard where the rod is permanently encased in concrete or grout in a dry interior. Hot-dip galvanizing per ASTM A153 is the standard for exterior exposed and wet conditions. Mechanically deposited zinc per ASTM B695 is an alternative where hydrogen embrittlement of higher-strength rod is a concern. Epoxy coating is reserved for highly corrosive environments. The coating choice follows from the service-exposure selection made earlier and from the Engineer of Record's corrosion allowance. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Anchor rod protective coating
…7 unchanged lines
```
+### Uncoated carbon steel is the standard where the rod is permanently encased in concrete or grout in a dry interior. Hot-dip galvanizing per ASTM A153 is the standard for exterior exposed and wet conditions. Mechanically deposited zinc per ASTM B695 is an alternative where hydrogen embrittlement of higher-strength rod is a concern. Epoxy coating is reserved for highly corrosive environments. The coating choice follows from the service-exposure selection made earlier and from the Engineer of Record's corrosion allowance. {note}
+
### Hot-dip galvanized anchor rods shall receive a minimum coating of 1.0 oz/ft² (3.0 mil) zinc in accordance with ASTM A153 Class C.
…12 unchanged lines
### Nuts shall be heavy hex nuts conforming to ASTM A563, of the grade matched to the anchor rod grade.
−### ASTM A563 Grade C is the common nut grade for ASTM F1554 Grade 36 anchor rods, and Grade DH is matched to Grade 105 rods to develop the higher rod strength. Matching the nut grade to the rod grade ensures the nut does not strip before the rod reaches its design tension. Washers under leveling nuts and top nuts conform to ASTM F436. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Heavy hex nut grade (ASTM A563)
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### ASTM A563 Grade C is the common nut grade for ASTM F1554 Grade 36 anchor rods, and Grade DH is matched to Grade 105 rods to develop the higher rod strength. Matching the nut grade to the rod grade ensures the nut does not strip before the rod reaches its design tension. Washers under leveling nuts and top nuts conform to ASTM F436. {note}
+
### Hardened washers conforming to ASTM F436 shall be provided under each leveling nut and each top nut bearing on a base plate.
…2 unchanged lines
### A double-nut leveling assembly shall be provided where the base plate must be set to a precise elevation before grouting, as shown on the drawings.
−### A leveling-nut configuration places a lower nut and plate washer under the base plate and a top nut above it, so the base plate can be brought to exact elevation and made level before the grout space is filled. This is the standard configuration for precision equipment bases and machinery foundations where the base-plate elevation tolerance is tight. The companion grouting and leveling procedure is in [[sync/grouted-base-plates]]. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Anchor rod nut configuration at base plate
…5 unchanged lines
```
+### A leveling-nut configuration places a lower nut and plate washer under the base plate and a top nut above it, so the base plate can be brought to exact elevation and made level before the grout space is filled. This is the standard configuration for precision equipment bases and machinery foundations where the base-plate elevation tolerance is tight. The companion grouting and leveling procedure is in [[sync/grouted-base-plates]]. {note}
+
### The leveling nut and its washer shall remain in place and be embedded in the grout after the base plate is grouted unless the drawings require its removal.
…4 unchanged lines
### Embedded plates shall be fabricated from steel of the grade shown on the drawings, with shop-welded headed studs or deformed bar anchors on the back face for development into the concrete.
−### Embed plates are cast flush into a wall or slab to provide a weldable steel surface for later attachment of miscellaneous steel. The plate is typically ASTM A36 or ASTM A572 Grade 50, and its anchorage to the concrete is provided by welded headed studs or by deformed reinforcing-bar anchors welded to the back face. The plate size must allow weld access for the connection it will receive and must clear the reinforcing cage and the form face. {note}
−
−### Embedded plates shall be set with sufficient concrete cover and edge distance that the welded studs or bar anchors clear the form face and the reinforcing cage.
−
−### An embed plate set too close to a form leaves insufficient concrete cover over its anchors, and shop-welded studs that conflict with the rebar cage force field fit-up changes at the pour. Edge distance and clearance must be coordinated on the setting plan before the cage is closed, not discovered during placement. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Embedded plate material
…15 unchanged lines
```
+### Embed plates are cast flush into a wall or slab to provide a weldable steel surface for later attachment of miscellaneous steel. The plate is typically ASTM A36 or ASTM A572 Grade 50, and its anchorage to the concrete is provided by welded headed studs or by deformed reinforcing-bar anchors welded to the back face. The plate size must allow weld access for the connection it will receive and must clear the reinforcing cage and the form face. {note}
+
+### Embedded plates shall be set with sufficient concrete cover and edge distance that the welded studs or bar anchors clear the form face and the reinforcing cage.
+
+### An embed plate set too close to a form leaves insufficient concrete cover over its anchors, and shop-welded studs that conflict with the rebar cage force field fit-up changes at the pour. Edge distance and clearance must be coordinated on the setting plan before the cage is closed, not discovered during placement. {note}
+
## Weld Studs {toc}
…2 unchanged lines
### Arc-welded headed shear studs are used on composite steel beams and on equipment embed plates to transfer shear into the concrete. The base material is ASTM A108 carbon steel, and the stud is applied with an arc stud-welding gun that produces a full-fusion weld at the base in a single timed cycle. The 3/4 in. and 7/8 in. diameters cover the large majority of composite-beam applications. {note}
+### The headed weld stud diameter shall be specified, sized to the shear transfer demand of the composite beam or embed plate.
+
```datasheet
label: Headed weld stud diameter
…53 unchanged lines
### A template is a jig — wood, steel, or manufactured plastic — that fixes the relative position of the rods in a group so the whole group can be located, leveled, and braced as a unit. A site-built wood template is expendable and inexpensive; a steel template is reusable and precise and is preferred for repeated identical groups and for tight within-group tolerance; a manufactured plastic snap-in template suits standard small groups. The furnishing party is set on the setting plan. {note}
+### The setting template material shall be specified, selected for the required reuse, precision, and within-group tolerance of the anchor group.
+
```datasheet
label: Setting template material
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### The party responsible for furnishing the setting template shall be specified on the setting plan.
+
```datasheet
label: Setting template furnished by
…13 unchanged lines
### Cast-in anchorage shall be set within the tolerances shown on the drawings; where no tighter tolerance is specified, the baseline tolerances of ACI 117-10 shall apply.
−### ACI 117-10 establishes the baseline placement tolerance for embedded anchors: ±1 in. in plan position, ±2 in. in elevation, and ±1/8 in. for the spacing of rods within a single anchor group. These are coarse relative to steel erection. Any tighter tolerance — and within-group tolerance is almost always tightened for column bases — must be stated explicitly, because the fabricator and the setting crew will work to ACI 117 if nothing tighter is given. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Anchor plan-position tolerance (per group center)
…7 unchanged lines
```datasheet
−label: Within-group rod spacing tolerance
−type: range
−unit: in
−min: 0.0625
−max: 0.25
−step: 0.0625
−default: 0.125
−```
−
−```datasheet
label: Top-of-rod elevation tolerance
type: range
…5 unchanged lines
```
+### ACI 117-10 establishes the baseline placement tolerance for embedded anchors: ±1 in. in plan position, ±2 in. in elevation, and ±1/8 in. for the spacing of rods within a single anchor group. These are coarse relative to steel erection. Any tighter tolerance — and within-group tolerance is almost always tightened for column bases — must be stated explicitly, because the fabricator and the setting crew will work to ACI 117 if nothing tighter is given. {note}
+
### The within-group rod spacing tolerance shall be coordinated with the base-plate hole pattern so that the base plate seats over the as-set rods.
+```datasheet
+label: Within-group rod spacing tolerance
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 0.0625
+max: 0.25
+step: 0.0625
+default: 0.125
+```
+
### The AISC oversize base-plate hole table assumes that the within-group spacing is held to the tight AISC-recommended tolerance, not the looser ACI 117 plan tolerance for the group as a whole. If the within-group spacing drifts, even an oversize hole may not seat over the misplaced rods. Plan-position tolerance (where the group center lands) and within-group tolerance (how the rods relate to each other) are two different controls, and the second is the one that lets the base plate fit. {note}
…2 unchanged lines
### Base-plate anchor rod holes shall be sized in accordance with AISC 360-22 Commentary Table C-J9.1 for the rod diameter.
−### Anchor rod holes are made deliberately oversize to absorb setting tolerance: the recommended hole is the rod diameter plus 5/16 in. for rods up to 1 in., plus 1/2 in. for rods over 1 in. through 2 in., and plus 1 in. for rods over 2 in. A plate washer over the oversize hole, welded or loose, transfers the nut bearing across the hole. The oversize holes work only if the within-group spacing tolerance above is also held. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Base-plate hole oversize over rod diameter
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### Anchor rod holes are made deliberately oversize to absorb setting tolerance: the recommended hole is the rod diameter plus 5/16 in. for rods up to 1 in., plus 1/2 in. for rods over 1 in. through 2 in., and plus 1 in. for rods over 2 in. A plate washer over the oversize hole, welded or loose, transfers the nut bearing across the hole. The oversize holes work only if the within-group spacing tolerance above is also held. {note}
+
### A plate washer covering the oversize hole shall be provided under the top nut at each anchor rod.
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### Defective anchorage discovered during the warranty period shall be corrected by a method approved by the Engineer of Record at no cost to the Owner.