+---
+title: Window Treatments
+category: Architectural / Specialties
+toc_depth: 3
+description: >
+ When to use: Interior solar-control and shading window treatments in commercial, institutional, and light-industrial buildings — manual and motorized roller shades, solar (screen) shades with a specified fabric openness factor, room-darkening and blackout shades, dual-roller (dual-shade) assemblies pairing a solar shade with a blackout shade on one bracket, and fabric draperies on track systems. Covers shade-fabric selection by openness factor and solar optical properties (visible transmittance Tv, solar transmittance Ts, solar reflectance Rs), fire performance of the fabric (NFPA 701 flame propagation and, where required, ASTM E84 surface burning), low-emitting fabric certification, hardware (tube, end brackets, idler, fascia, recessed pocket, hembar), control and operation (manual chain operation under the cord-safety requirements of ANSI/WCMA A100.1, and low-voltage and line-voltage motorization with RF and building-automation integration), inside/outside mounting, and side and sill light-control channels.
+ Not intended for: Exterior shading devices, awnings, exterior screens, and architectural sunshades/light shelves mounted outside the glazing line (see the exterior sun-control standard); the glazing, framing, and any integral between-glass blinds, which are part of the window assembly (see [[sync/glazing]] and [[sync/aluminum-entrances-and-storefronts]]); operable interior partitions and folding panel partitions; the structural blocking inside the wall (see [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]]); the building automation head-end and the daylighting/photosensor control sequences (see [[sync/building-automation-system]] and [[sync/lighting-controls]]); and decorative soft-goods (valances, cornices, upholstery) furnished as furniture rather than as installed window treatments.
+---
+
+# Scope
+
+This standard covers the furnishing and installation of interior window treatments used for solar control, glare control, daylight management, privacy, and room darkening — principally manual and motorized roller shades (solar/screen, room-darkening, and blackout), dual-roller assemblies, and fabric draperies on track systems. The scope includes the shade fabric, the roller tube and operating hardware, the brackets and mounting, the fascia or recessed pocket that conceals the roll, the hembar, the manual or motorized operating system, the low-voltage or line-voltage power and control infrastructure within the scope of this work, and the side and sill light-control channels where specified. Shade types, fabrics, sizes, mounting conditions, and locations for each opening shall be as indicated on the contract drawings and the window-treatment schedule; this standard establishes the material, performance, fire-safety, cord-safety, control, and installation requirements that apply across those conditions.
+
+A window treatment is selected first for how it manages light and solar heat, not for how it looks. The single most consequential decision is the fabric openness factor — the percentage of the woven fabric that is open weave rather than yarn. A high openness preserves the view to the outside and admits daylight but controls glare and solar heat gain poorly; a low openness controls glare and heat far better but darkens the room and obscures the view. There is no openness that is best for every orientation: an east or west façade that takes low-angle direct sun needs a low openness (or a dual shade) to control glare at the desk, while a north façade or an interior light-borrowing opening can use a high openness and keep the view. Because the fabric also hangs freely in an occupied space, it is a fire-safety element governed by NFPA 701, and because it is operated daily by occupants — including in spaces used by children — its operating system is governed by the window-covering cord-safety requirements of ANSI/WCMA A100.1. This standard treats the fabric's openness and solar optical properties, its fire performance, and the safety of its operating system as primary requirements, not as afterthoughts to appearance.
+
+Coordinate this work with [[sync/glazing]] for the glass solar-heat-gain coefficient and visible transmittance that the shade works in series with, with [[sync/aluminum-entrances-and-storefronts]] for the mullion and pocket conditions that govern mounting, with [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]] for the in-wall and in-ceiling blocking and the recessed shade pocket, with [[sync/building-automation-system]] and [[sync/lighting-controls]] where motorized shades are integrated with daylighting and façade-control sequences, and with the electrical standards for line-voltage power to motorized-shade power supplies.
+
+# Referenced Standards
+
+Materials, fabrication, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted editions of the referenced standards and codes. Where the contract documents, the adopted building or fire code, or a referenced standard impose more stringent requirements than another, the more stringent requirement shall govern. The Contractor shall resolve conflicts in writing with the Architect before proceeding. The cord-safety requirements of ANSI/WCMA A100.1 are mandatory and shall not be reduced by any other document.
+
+| Standard | Title |
+|----------|-------|
+| ANSI/WCMA A100.1 | American National Standard for Safety of Corded Window Covering Products |
+| NFPA 701 | Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films |
+| ASTM E84 | Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials |
+| ASTM G21 | Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi |
+| ASTM E2180 | Standard Test Method for Determining the Activity of Incorporated Antimicrobial Agents in Polymeric or Hydrophobic Materials |
+| UL 2818 (GREENGUARD Gold) | Standard for Chemical Emissions for Building Materials, Finishes and Furnishings (low-emitting / GREENGUARD Gold criteria) |
+| CDPH/EHLB Standard Method v1.2 (Section 01350) | Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions |
+| AATCC 16 | Colorfastness to Light |
+| AATCC 30 | Antifungal Activity, Assessment on Textile Materials: Mildew and Rot Resistance of Textile Materials |
+| NFRC 200 | Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and Visible Transmittance (glass + shade interaction) |
+| ASHRAE 90.1 | Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (daylighting and automatic shading provisions) |
+| ICC A117.1 | Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities (operable-parts reach and operation) |
+| ADA 2010 | 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design (operable parts) |
+| UL 325 | Standard for Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and Window Operators and Systems (motorized operators) |
+| NFPA 70 | National Electrical Code (low-voltage and line-voltage shade power and control wiring) |
+
+# Submittals
+
+## Action Submittals
+
+The following submittals shall be submitted for review and returned before procurement or fabrication begins. The submittal shall be internally coordinated — the fabric, the hardware, the mounting condition, and the control system shall be reconciled against the window-treatment schedule and the actual opening conditions before any product is ordered, because shade tube diameter, fascia depth, and pocket size all depend on the fabric thickness and the finished shade height and width.
+
+**Window-Treatment Schedule:** A complete schedule listing every shade and drapery by opening, including the mark or item designation, shade type (solar, room-darkening, blackout, dual), fabric and openness factor, mounting type (inside, outside, recessed pocket), control type (manual chain or motorized), finished width and height, and quantity, cross-referenced to the floor plans and interior elevations.
+
+**Product Data:** Manufacturer's product data for the fabric, the roller tube and hardware, the fascia or pocket, the hembar, and the operating system, with rough-in and clearance dimensions.
+
+**Fabric Samples with Performance Data:** Physical samples of each scheduled fabric in the scheduled color, accompanied by the fabric's documented openness factor (percent open area) and solar optical properties — visible (light) transmittance Tv, solar transmittance Ts, solar reflectance Rs, and solar absorptance As — with the property set noting that Ts + Rs + As = 100%. For blackout fabrics, documentation of opacity (zero openness and zero light transmission through the fabric body) shall be included.
+
+**Shop Drawings:** Coordination drawings showing each opening, the mounting condition (inside the jamb, outside on the wall/ceiling, or in a recessed pocket), bracket and fascia locations and projections, the pocket detail where used, mullion alignment for banks of shades, blocking and backing requirements, light-gap dimensions at jambs and sill, side/sill channel details, and the dimensional limits on a single shade band before it must be divided.
+
+**Motorization and Control Diagrams:** For motorized shades, a control riser and one-line diagram showing motor type and voltage, power supplies and their feed, control devices (wall stations, sensors, gateways), the grouping of shades into control zones, RF or wired control topology, and the interface to any building automation or daylighting system, with the demarcation between this scope and the work of [[sync/building-automation-system]] and [[sync/lighting-controls]].
+
+**Fire and Emissions Certifications:** Test reports or listings documenting NFPA 701 compliance for every scheduled fabric, ASTM E84 surface-burning classification where the fabric is used in a location requiring it (such as a return-air plenum or where the code classifies the fabric as an interior finish), the GREENGUARD Gold (UL 2818 / CDPH 01350) low-emitting certification where specified, and the antifungal/antimicrobial test data (ASTM G21 / AATCC 30 / ASTM E2180) where an antimicrobial fabric is specified.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Action Submittals Required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Window-treatment schedule by opening"
+ - "Product data for fabric, hardware, fascia/pocket, hembar, operating system"
+ - "Fabric samples with openness factor and solar optical data (Tv, Ts, Rs, As)"
+ - "Shop drawings with mounting, fascia/pocket, light-gap, and channel details"
+ - "Motorization control riser / one-line and zoning diagrams"
+ - "NFPA 701 fabric flame-propagation certificates"
+ - "ASTM E84 surface-burning report (where required for location)"
+ - "GREENGUARD Gold (UL 2818) low-emitting certification (where specified)"
+ - "Antifungal / antimicrobial test data (where specified)"
+default: "Window-treatment schedule by opening"
+```
+
+## Closeout Submittals
+
+At substantial completion the Contractor shall provide the following before final acceptance.
+
+- Final as-built window-treatment schedule reflecting field changes to type, fabric, size, or control
+- Operation and maintenance data for the fabric (cleaning method), the hardware, and the motorized control system, including motor model and configuration, control-zone map, and RF channel or address assignments
+- Warranty documentation for the fabric, hardware, motors, and control components
+- For motorized systems, the final commissioned limit settings, group/scene programming, and integration points handed off to [[sync/building-automation-system]]
+- Attic-stock fabric, hardware, and any specialty tools as required by the maintenance/spare section
+
+```datasheet
+label: Closeout Submittals Required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Final as-built window-treatment schedule"
+ - "O&M data including motor configuration and control-zone map"
+ - "Warranty documentation (fabric, hardware, motors, controls)"
+ - "Commissioned motor limits, scene programming, and integration handoff"
+ - "Attic stock and specialty tools"
+default: "Final as-built window-treatment schedule"
+```
+
+# Quality Assurance
+
+## Single-Source Responsibility
+
+```datasheet
+label: Single-Source Responsibility
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Single manufacturer for fabric, hardware, and operating system (standard)"
+ - "Single manufacturer for hardware and operating system; specified fabric line from an approved fabric source"
+ - "Multiple sources permitted — appearance, dimensions, and control compatibility coordinated by Contractor"
+default: "Single manufacturer for fabric, hardware, and operating system (standard)"
+```
+
+The shade hardware, tube, operating system, and — for motorized work — the motors and controls should be furnished as a coordinated system from a single manufacturer so that tube sizing, fabric attachment, bracket geometry, and control compatibility are guaranteed. Fabric is frequently selected from a fabric line that the hardware manufacturer qualifies on its tubes; where a fabric from a separate source is specified, the Contractor shall confirm the hardware manufacturer qualifies that fabric for the scheduled shade size, because an unqualified fabric can deflect, telescope, or exceed the tube's roll-up capacity.
+
+## Mock-Up
+
+```datasheet
+label: Mock-Up Required
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Required — one shade of each type/fabric installed at a representative opening for approval"
+ - "Required — full bank of shades at one representative façade module"
+ - "Not required"
+default: "Required — one shade of each type/fabric installed at a representative opening for approval"
+```
+
+A mock-up of each shade type and fabric installed at a representative opening allows the Architect to confirm the fabric color, openness, light gap, fascia alignment, and — for banks of shades — the visual consistency of the roll and the alignment of adjacent shades before the balance is fabricated. For motorized banks, a full-module mock-up additionally verifies that grouped shades stop at a consistent height (level deployment across the bank), which is a common and visible deficiency.
+
+## Field Measurement
+
+The Contractor shall field-measure each opening after the surrounding construction (jambs, pockets, fascia substrate, mullions) is in place and before fabricating shades. Inside-mounted shades depend on a square, plumb, and consistent jamb-to-jamb dimension; the Contractor shall measure each opening individually rather than assuming nominal dimensions, because a shade cut to a nominal width that does not fit the as-built opening either binds or leaves an excessive light gap.
+
+# Environmental and Service Conditions
+
+## Solar Orientation and Glare
+
+The shade fabric is selected to control the actual solar and glare condition at each façade, which the schedule shall identify by orientation. Direct beam sun on east and west façades produces the most severe glare at low sun angles and generally requires a low openness factor, a dual shade, or automated control; south façades take high-angle sun that is more readily managed; north façades and interior borrowed-light openings take diffuse light and tolerate a high openness that preserves the view. The Architect shall identify the controlling glare and solar condition for each shade so the openness factor and solar properties below are selected to suit it.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Controlling Solar / Glare Condition
+type: select
+options:
+ - "East / West façade — direct low-angle sun, severe glare (low openness or dual shade)"
+ - "South façade — high-angle direct sun (moderate openness)"
+ - "North façade / diffuse — minimal direct sun (higher openness, preserve view)"
+ - "Interior / borrowed light — privacy and light control, no direct solar"
+default: "East / West façade — direct low-angle sun, severe glare (low openness or dual shade)"
+```
+
+## Glass Interaction
+
+The shade works in series with the glass; the interior shade reduces but does not eliminate the solar heat already admitted by the glazing. The effective solar performance of the assembly depends on both the glass solar-heat-gain coefficient and visible transmittance (see [[sync/glazing]]) and the shade's solar properties, evaluated together per NFRC 200 methodology. A low-openness reflective shade behind high-SHGC glass still admits substantial heat because much of the rejected energy is absorbed and re-radiated into the room from between the glass and the shade; the most effective interior-shade performance pairs a solar-control glass with a high-reflectance, low-openness fabric.
+
+## Plenum and Concealed Locations
+
+Where a shade pocket opens into a return-air plenum, or where the fabric or its pocket is otherwise within a plenum or an area where the code regulates the surface-burning characteristics of materials, the fabric and pocket materials shall additionally meet the ASTM E84 surface-burning classification required for that location (typically Class A: flame-spread index 25 or less and smoke-developed index 50 or less). NFPA 701 alone addresses the hanging-textile flame-propagation hazard but does not by itself satisfy a plenum surface-burning requirement.
+
+# Shade Types and Fabrics
+
+The shade type and fabric for each opening shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the window-treatment schedule]]. The selections below establish the type and the controlling fabric properties.
+
+## Shade Type
+
+```datasheet
+label: Shade Type
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Solar (screen) roller shade — open-weave fabric, glare/heat control with view-through"
+ - "Room-darkening roller shade — dense fabric, low light transmission, not fully opaque"
+ - "Blackout roller shade — opaque fabric, zero light transmission through the body"
+ - "Dual-roller (dual) shade — solar shade and blackout shade on one bracket"
+ - "Drapery on track system — fabric drapery on manual or motorized traverse track"
+default: "Solar (screen) roller shade — open-weave fabric, glare/heat control with view-through"
+```
+
+The solar (screen) roller shade is the workhorse of commercial interiors: an open-weave fabric that cuts glare and solar heat while preserving a view to the outside, selected by openness factor. The room-darkening shade uses a dense, tightly woven or coated fabric to reduce light substantially without being fully opaque. The blackout shade uses an opaque (typically multi-layer or foam-backed) fabric that passes no light through the fabric body, used in conference rooms, auditoria, patient rooms, and media spaces — though light still escapes around the edges unless side and sill channels are provided. The dual-roller shade carries both a solar shade and a blackout shade on a single mounting so occupants can choose glare control with a view by day or full darkening on demand. Draperies on a track system are used where a soft, full-height fabric appearance is desired and where stack-back at the jamb is acceptable.
+
+## Fabric Openness Factor — Solar Shades
+
+```datasheet
+label: Solar Shade Fabric Openness Factor
+type: range
+unit: "%"
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 14
+ setpoints: [1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14]
+default: 3
+```
+
+The openness factor is the percentage of the fabric area that is open weave. It is the primary lever between glare/heat control and view/daylight. A 1% openness is nearly opaque to glare and rejects the most solar heat but darkens the room and gives the least view-through; a 10% to 14% openness gives the clearest view and the most daylight but the weakest glare control. A 3% openness is the commercial default for typical office glazing, balancing glare control at the work surface against a usable view; a 5% openness is common where view is prioritized over the most demanding glare control. The fabric color interacts with openness: a dark fabric of a given openness controls glare better and gives a sharper view-through, while a light fabric of the same openness reflects more solar heat back out and produces more interior glare from diffuse brightness. The openness factor shall be selected together with the orientation identified above.
+
+## Solar Optical Properties
+
+```datasheet
+label: Solar Reflectance (Rs) — exterior-facing fabric side
+type: range
+unit: "%"
+options:
+ min: 20
+ max: 80
+ setpoints: [20, 35, 50, 65, 80]
+default: 50
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Visible (Light) Transmittance (Tv)
+type: range
+unit: "%"
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 25
+ setpoints: [1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 25]
+default: 5
+```
+
+The three solar optical properties — solar reflectance (Rs), solar absorptance (As), and solar transmittance (Ts) — sum to 100% of the solar energy striking the fabric. A high solar reflectance on the exterior-facing side rejects heat back toward the glass and is the property that most improves an interior shade's thermal performance; a light or metallized exterior face raises Rs. Visible transmittance Tv governs how much daylight and view pass through and is closely tied to glare: a lower Tv means stronger glare control and a darker room. These properties shall be documented for each scheduled fabric and selected so the shade meets the glare and solar-heat objective for its orientation while supporting any daylighting credit under ASHRAE 90.1.
+
+## Blackout and Room-Darkening Opacity
+
+```datasheet
+label: Light Control Through Fabric Body
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Solar / screen — open weave, view-through (openness as scheduled)"
+ - "Room-darkening — dense, low transmission, not fully opaque"
+ - "Blackout — opaque, zero light transmission through the fabric body"
+default: "Solar / screen — open weave, view-through (openness as scheduled)"
+```
+
+A blackout fabric has zero openness and passes no light through its body. Room-darkening fabric reduces light substantially but is not opaque. The Contractor shall not represent a dense solar or room-darkening fabric as blackout; true blackout requires an opaque fabric and, to actually darken a room, side and sill light-control channels as described under Mounting and Light Control, because most escaping light at a blackout shade comes around the edges, not through the cloth.
+
+## Fabric Fire Performance
+
+```datasheet
+label: Fabric Flame Propagation (NFPA 701)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "NFPA 701 compliant (standard, required for all hanging shade and drapery fabric)"
+default: "NFPA 701 compliant (standard, required for all hanging shade and drapery fabric)"
+```
+
+Every shade and drapery fabric installed under this standard shall pass NFPA 701, the flame-propagation test for hanging textiles and films, which limits weight loss and residual flaming after a controlled flame exposure. NFPA 701 is the correct fire test for a freely hanging fabric, and compliance is mandatory regardless of any other requirement.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Fabric Surface Burning (ASTM E84) — where required by location
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Not required — fabric not in a plenum or regulated interior-finish location"
+ - "Class A required — flame-spread index ≤ 25 and smoke-developed index ≤ 50 (plenum / regulated finish)"
+default: "Not required — fabric not in a plenum or regulated interior-finish location"
+```
+
+## Antimicrobial / Antifungal Fabric
+
+```datasheet
+label: Antimicrobial / Antifungal Fabric
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Not required — standard fabric"
+ - "Required — fungal/mildew resistance (ASTM G21 / AATCC 30) and/or antimicrobial treatment (ASTM E2180), healthcare and high-humidity spaces"
+default: "Not required — standard fabric"
+```
+
+An antifungal/antimicrobial fabric should be specified for healthcare spaces, natatoriums, kitchens, and other high-humidity environments where mold or microbial growth on the fabric is a concern, with fungal resistance demonstrated to ASTM G21 or AATCC 30 and antimicrobial activity, where claimed, demonstrated to ASTM E2180. In dry, conditioned offices a standard fabric is appropriate.
+
+## Low-Emitting Fabric
+
+```datasheet
+label: Low-Emitting (GREENGUARD Gold / UL 2818) Certification
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Required — GREENGUARD Gold (UL 2818 / CDPH 01350) certified fabric"
+ - "Not required"
+default: "Required — GREENGUARD Gold (UL 2818 / CDPH 01350) certified fabric"
+```
+
+Shade fabric is a large interior surface in occupied spaces; specifying a low-emitting fabric certified to GREENGUARD Gold (tested to UL 2818 against the CDPH 01350 emission criteria) limits volatile-organic-compound emissions and supports indoor-air-quality and green-building objectives. It is the default for occupied commercial and institutional projects.
+
+## Colorfastness to Light
+
+```datasheet
+label: Colorfastness to Light (AATCC 16)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Required — minimum colorfastness rating to AATCC 16 (xenon-arc) appropriate to solar exposure"
+ - "Not required"
+default: "Required — minimum colorfastness rating to AATCC 16 (xenon-arc) appropriate to solar exposure"
+```
+
+A window-treatment fabric is, by definition, exposed to sunlight daily, so it shall be colorfast to light per AATCC 16 (xenon-arc light source) at a rating appropriate to the solar exposure of its façade. A fabric that fades unevenly — the lower, more-exposed portion fading faster than the portion that rolls up — produces a visibly two-toned shade within a few seasons on a sunny façade.
+
+# Hardware and Components
+
+The roller-shade hardware is the system that holds the fabric flat and straight, rolls it up without telescoping or fabric deflection, and conceals the roll. Components shall be the manufacturer's coordinated system sized for the scheduled fabric and shade dimensions.
+
+## Roller Tube
+
+```datasheet
+label: Roller Tube Sizing
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Manufacturer-sized aluminum/steel tube for the scheduled width, height, and fabric (limit deflection)"
+ - "Tube diameter as scheduled on the drawings"
+default: "Manufacturer-sized aluminum/steel tube for the scheduled width, height, and fabric (limit deflection)"
+```
+
+The roller tube diameter shall be sized by the manufacturer for the shade width, the rolled-up fabric volume at full height, and the fabric weight, so that tube deflection across the span is limited and the fabric tracks straight. An undersized tube on a wide shade deflects under its own load and causes the fabric to wander and telescope (creep toward one end as it rolls), which is the most common roller-shade defect. The maximum width of a single shade band before it must be split into two bands on a shared bracket shall not exceed the manufacturer's limit for the selected tube and fabric.
+
+## End Brackets and Idler
+
+```datasheet
+label: Mounting Brackets
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Manufacturer's end brackets — drive end (clutch or motor) and idler end (standard)"
+ - "Continuous mounting rail / extrusion for banks of shades"
+default: "Manufacturer's end brackets — drive end (clutch or motor) and idler end (standard)"
+```
+
+Each shade is carried on a drive-end bracket (housing the manual clutch or the motor) and an idler-end bracket. For banks of shades a continuous mounting rail or extrusion aligns adjacent shades and supports a continuous fascia. Brackets shall be anchored to solid blocking or structure, not to gypsum board alone, as described under Installation.
+
+## Fascia and Pocket
+
+```datasheet
+label: Roll Concealment
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Fascia — removable extrusion concealing the roll, exposed mount (standard)"
+ - "Recessed ceiling pocket — shade concealed in a pocket with a closure / light-baffle"
+ - "Open roll — no fascia or pocket (utility / back-of-house)"
+ - "Cassette / closed headbox — fabric enclosed on all sides"
+default: "Fascia — removable extrusion concealing the roll, exposed mount (standard)"
+```
+
+A fascia is a removable extrusion that conceals the rolled fabric and hardware on an exposed (face- or ceiling-mounted) shade and is the standard finished condition. A recessed ceiling pocket conceals the shade entirely within the ceiling and gives the cleanest appearance, but its size, the closure/light-baffle at the pocket opening, and the access for service shall be coordinated with [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]] and detailed on the drawings. An open roll with no concealment is acceptable only in utility and back-of-house spaces. Pocket and fascia dimensions depend on the tube diameter and rolled fabric volume and shall be confirmed against the final fabric and height.
+
+## Hembar
+
+```datasheet
+label: Hembar Type
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Concealed (internal) hembar in a sewn or welded fabric pocket (standard)"
+ - "Exposed hembar (extruded, finish to match)"
+ - "Wrapped hembar (fabric-wrapped) for blackout/room-darkening"
+default: "Concealed (internal) hembar in a sewn or welded fabric pocket (standard)"
+```
+
+The hembar weights the bottom of the fabric so it hangs flat and rolls evenly. A concealed (internal) hembar sealed in a fabric pocket is the standard appearance; an exposed hembar in a coordinated finish is used where a visible bottom bar is acceptable; a wrapped hembar is used on blackout and room-darkening shades to avoid a light line at the bottom edge. The hembar shall be straight and weighted appropriately for the shade width so the fabric does not flutter or hang unevenly.
+
+# Control and Operation
+
+The operating system shall be as scheduled — manual or motorized — and shall satisfy the cord-safety requirements of ANSI/WCMA A100.1 and the accessible-operation requirements of ICC A117.1 and the ADA Standards.
+
+## Manual vs. Motorized
+
+```datasheet
+label: Operating System
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Manual — continuous-loop bead chain clutch with cord-safety tension/retention device"
+ - "Motorized — low-voltage DC motor (RF and/or wired control)"
+ - "Motorized — line-voltage AC motor (RF and/or wired control)"
+ - "Motorized — battery / rechargeable motor (limited / retrofit)"
+default: "Manual — continuous-loop bead chain clutch with cord-safety tension/retention device"
+```
+
+Manual chain operation is the economical default for most openings, using a continuous-loop bead chain and a spring clutch. Motorization is specified where shades are out of reach, where a bank must deploy in unison, where automated daylighting or façade control is intended, or where the cord-safety analysis favors eliminating the operating cord entirely. Low-voltage DC motors are the common commercial choice — they are quiet, suit RF and wired control, and avoid an electrician at each shade — while line-voltage AC motors are used for larger shades or where the infrastructure favors them. Battery and rechargeable motors are limited to retrofit and small quantities because of the ongoing battery-service burden.
+
+## Cord Safety — ANSI/WCMA A100.1
+
+```datasheet
+label: Operating-Cord Safety (ANSI/WCMA A100.1)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Cordless or inaccessible-cord operation (motorized or cordless) — default, required in spaces accessible to children"
+ - "Continuous-loop chain with permanently installed tension / hold-down device to eliminate the hazardous loop"
+ - "Custom corded product with WCMA-compliant cord-length and retention provisions (restricted use)"
+default: "Cordless or inaccessible-cord operation (motorized or cordless) — default, required in spaces accessible to children"
+```
+
+The strangulation hazard of an accessible operating cord or a free-hanging chain loop is the principal life-safety concern of any window covering, and ANSI/WCMA A100.1 is the governing standard. The standard's strong preference is for cordless or inaccessible-cord products; in spaces accessible to children — schools, daycares, pediatric and patient areas, residential occupancies — operation shall be cordless (motorized) or shall use an inaccessible-cord design. Where a continuous-loop bead chain is used, it shall be installed with the manufacturer's permanently mounted tension or hold-down device so that no hazardous free loop can form; the device is not optional and shall be fastened to the structure. Corded products with accessible pull cords shall be limited to the restricted custom-order conditions ANSI/WCMA A100.1 permits, with the standard's cord-length and retention provisions, and shall not be used in spaces accessible to children. The Contractor shall not substitute an accessible-cord product for a scheduled cordless or motorized shade.
+
+## Accessible Operation
+
+```datasheet
+label: Accessible Operation (ICC A117.1 / ADA)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Operable parts within reach range and operable with one hand without tight grasping/pinching/twisting, at accessible openings"
+ - "Motorized operation at accessible openings (switch/sensor within reach)"
+default: "Operable parts within reach range and operable with one hand without tight grasping/pinching/twisting, at accessible openings"
+```
+
+At openings on an accessible route, the shade's operable parts — the chain, wall switch, or control — shall be within the reach range (15 in. to 48 in. above the floor for an unobstructed reach) and operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, per ICC A117.1 and the ADA Standards. Motorized operation with a reachable switch or automatic control satisfies this requirement directly and is often the simplest path to compliance at hard-to-reach openings.
+
+## Motor Power and Listing
+
+```datasheet
+label: Motor Power Source
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Low-voltage DC from a listed shade power supply (Class 2), home-run or daisy-chained"
+ - "Line-voltage AC (120/277 V) to the motor, fused/branch-circuit per NEC"
+ - "Battery / rechargeable (retrofit / limited)"
+default: "Low-voltage DC from a listed shade power supply (Class 2), home-run or daisy-chained"
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Motor / Operator Listing
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Motorized operators listed to UL 325; wiring per NFPA 70 (standard)"
+default: "Motorized operators listed to UL 325; wiring per NFPA 70 (standard)"
+```
+
+Low-voltage DC motors are powered from a listed Class 2 shade power supply; the demarcation, conduit/raceway, and the line-voltage feed to the power supply shall be coordinated with the electrical work, and all wiring shall comply with NFPA 70. Motorized operators shall be listed to UL 325.
+
+## Control Integration
+
+```datasheet
+label: Control Method
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Local wall station / keypad per zone (standalone)"
+ - "RF (wireless) control with handheld and wall transmitters, grouped into zones"
+ - "Integrated with daylighting / photosensor and façade-control sequences"
+ - "Integrated with the building automation system (BACnet or manufacturer gateway)"
+default: "RF (wireless) control with handheld and wall transmitters, grouped into zones"
+```
+
+Motorized shades shall be grouped into control zones — typically by façade, by orientation, and by room — so that shades sharing a solar condition move together and stop at a consistent height. Control may be local (wall stations), wireless (RF transmitters and keypads), integrated with a daylighting/photosensor sequence that positions shades automatically by sun condition (see [[sync/lighting-controls]]), or integrated with the building automation system through a BACnet-capable or manufacturer gateway (see [[sync/building-automation-system]]). Where the shades are integrated with BAS or daylighting, the shade scope shall provide the motors, the shade-side controllers, and the documented interface/points, and the control sequences and head-end shall be the work of the referenced standards; the demarcation shall be shown on the control diagram so neither scope is omitted. Grouped shades shall be commissioned so that a zone deploys to a uniform, level height.
+
+# Mounting and Light Control
+
+The mounting condition for each opening shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the drawings and the window-treatment schedule]]. Mounting governs both the appearance and the amount of light that escapes around the shade.
+
+## Inside vs. Outside Mount
+
+```datasheet
+label: Mounting Condition
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Inside (jamb) mount — shade within the window reveal"
+ - "Outside (face/wall) mount — shade on the wall or mullion outside the opening"
+ - "Ceiling mount — shade hung from the ceiling/structure above the opening"
+ - "Recessed pocket — shade concealed in a ceiling pocket"
+default: "Inside (jamb) mount — shade within the window reveal"
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Light Gap at Jambs — Inside Mount
+type: range
+unit: in
+drawing_ref: true
+options:
+ min: 0.25
+ max: 0.75
+ setpoints: [0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.625, 0.75]
+default: 0.375
+```
+
+An inside (jamb) mount sets the shade within the window reveal for the cleanest relationship to the window, but it requires a deliberate clearance between the fabric edge and each jamb so the fabric does not rub or bind; that clearance is a light gap through which light escapes. The gap shall be the minimum the hardware and the as-built jamb tolerance allow — typically about 3/8 in. per side — and shall be confirmed by field measurement. An outside (face/wall) mount oversizes the shade beyond the opening to overlap the wall and minimize the side light gap, at the cost of a larger visible shade; it is the default where the opening is out of square or where light control matters more than a flush appearance. Ceiling and recessed-pocket mounts hang the shade from above and are coordinated with the ceiling and the pocket.
+
+## Side and Sill Channels for Blackout
+
+```datasheet
+label: Side / Sill Light-Control Channels (blackout/room-darkening)
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Not provided — gaps at jambs and sill acceptable (solar/screen shades)"
+ - "Side channels both jambs — capture fabric edges to block side light"
+ - "Side channels and sill channel — full perimeter light control for true room darkening"
+default: "Not provided — gaps at jambs and sill acceptable (solar/screen shades)"
+```
+
+For solar and screen shades the perimeter light gap is unimportant. For blackout and room-darkening shades it is everything: most of the light that reaches a "blackened" room comes around the fabric edges, not through it. To achieve genuine room darkening the fabric edges shall be captured in side channels at both jambs, and for the most demanding applications (auditoria, imaging rooms, projection and media spaces) a sill channel shall capture the hembar as well, closing the perimeter. The Contractor shall not represent a blackout shade without perimeter channels as achieving full darkening. Side and sill channel details, and the resulting overlap onto the wall, shall be shown on the drawings.
+
+## Mullion Alignment for Banks
+
+Where shades occur in a continuous bank across a glazed façade, the shades, brackets, and continuous fascia shall align with the window mullions and with each other so that the bank reads as a single coordinated element. Adjacent shade bands shall align in height and the gap between bands shall be consistent. Mullion alignment shall be coordinated with [[sync/aluminum-entrances-and-storefronts]] and [[sync/glazing]].
+
+# Testing
+
+```datasheet
+label: Field Operational Testing
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Operate each manual shade through full travel; verify smooth clutch, even tracking, no telescoping"
+ - "Verify each cord-safety tension/retention device is installed and fastened (ANSI/WCMA A100.1)"
+ - "Operate each motorized shade; verify limits, quiet operation, and correct direction"
+ - "Verify grouped/zoned shades stop at a uniform level height across each bank"
+ - "Verify control integration (RF / daylighting / BAS) responds correctly per zone"
+ - "Verify blackout perimeter channels close the light gap where specified"
+default: "Operate each manual shade through full travel; verify smooth clutch, even tracking, no telescoping"
+```
+
+The Contractor shall operate every shade through its full travel and demonstrate smooth operation, even fabric tracking without telescoping, and — for manual shades — that the cord-safety device is installed and fastened. Motorized shades shall be demonstrated for correct upper and lower limits, quiet operation, correct direction, level deployment across each zone, and correct response to the integrated control system. Where blackout perimeter channels are specified, the resulting darkening shall be demonstrated.
+
+# Installation
+
+## General
+
+The Contractor shall install all window treatments level, plumb, and at the locations and mounting conditions shown, in accordance with this standard, the contract documents, and the manufacturer's instructions. Shades shall be field-measured and fabricated to the as-built openings. Brackets, fascia, pockets, and channels shall be aligned within the bank and across the façade.
+
+## Anchorage and Blocking
+
+```datasheet
+label: Bracket Anchorage
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Anchored to solid blocking, backing, or structure (no gypsum-only anchors) (standard)"
+ - "Manufacturer's anchors into solid framing per opening type"
+default: "Anchored to solid blocking, backing, or structure (no gypsum-only anchors) (standard)"
+```
+
+Shade brackets, mounting rails, fascia, pockets, side/sill channels, and drapery tracks shall be anchored to solid blocking, backing, or structure and shall not be fastened to gypsum board alone, because the operating loads, the weight of a wide shade, and the handling of the shade in service will pull a gypsum-only anchor loose. Blocking for shade brackets and ceiling pockets shall be installed during rough framing in coordination with [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]]; like grab-bar backing, shade blocking cannot be added after the wall or ceiling is closed without demolition. The Contractor shall confirm blocking locations against the shop drawings before the substrate is closed.
+
+## Protection and Cleaning
+
+Shade fabric shall be protected from construction dust, moisture, and overspray; shades should be installed after the principal dust-generating work is complete, or be kept in protective packaging until that work is done. Fabric shall be handled with clean hands or gloves, as soils and oils are difficult to remove from shade fabric. At completion the fabric shall be cleaned only by the manufacturer's approved method; abrasive or solvent cleaning that is not approved shall not be used, as it can damage the weave, the coating, or the colorfastness.
+
+# Delivery, Storage, and Handling
+
+Shades and fabric rolls shall be delivered in the manufacturer's protective packaging, clearly labeled by opening mark, and stored indoors in a clean, dry, conditioned space, flat or upright as the manufacturer directs, away from moisture, direct sun, and construction traffic. Fabric shall not be stored where it can be crushed, kinked, or soiled, and shades shall not be delivered to the site before the spaces are ready to receive and protect them.
+
+# Warranty
+
+```datasheet
+label: Fabric Warranty Period
+type: select
+options:
+ - "5 years against material defect and (on solar façades) excessive fading — standard"
+ - "10 years — premium fabric program"
+ - "1 year — budget / utility fabric"
+default: "5 years against material defect and (on solar façades) excessive fading — standard"
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Hardware Warranty Period
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Limited lifetime on manual clutch and tube hardware — standard"
+ - "5 years on hardware"
+ - "1 year on hardware"
+default: "Limited lifetime on manual clutch and tube hardware — standard"
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Motor and Control Warranty Period
+type: select
+options:
+ - "5 years on motors and control components — standard"
+ - "3 years on motors and control components"
+ - "1 year on motors and control components"
+default: "5 years on motors and control components — standard"
+```
+
+The fabric shall be warranted against material defect and, on sun-exposed façades, against excessive fading inconsistent with the AATCC 16 rating; the manual hardware against clutch and tube defects; and the motors and control components against defects in materials and workmanship, each for the period selected. The Contractor shall separately warrant the installation, including level and aligned mounting, secure anchorage to solid blocking, correct cord-safety device installation, and — for motorized work — correct limit setting, zoning, and integration, for not less than one year from substantial completion. Damage from abuse, unapproved cleaning, or operation outside the manufacturer's instructions is excluded.
+
+# Maintenance and Spare Materials
+
+```datasheet
+label: Attic Stock — Fabric and Hardware
+type: select
+options:
+ - "2% of each fabric (by area) and 2% of each shade type's operating hardware, minimum one each"
+ - "5% of each fabric and hardware"
+ - "No attic stock required"
+default: "2% of each fabric (by area) and 2% of each shade type's operating hardware, minimum one each"
+```
+
+```datasheet
+label: Motorized Spare Components
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Spare motors (one per motor type/size)"
+ - "Spare control transmitters / wall stations"
+ - "Spare power supply (one per type)"
+ - "Programming/configuration tool and credentials turned over"
+default: "Spare motors (one per motor type/size)"
+```
+
+The Contractor shall turn over attic stock of each scheduled fabric and of each shade type's operating hardware so the Owner can repair a damaged shade without a full reorder, and — for motorized systems — spare motors, control devices, and a power supply of each type, together with the configuration tool, the zone map, and the credentials required to service and reprogram the system. The maintenance data shall state the approved fabric-cleaning method and the recommended inspection interval for the cord-safety devices and the motorized limits.