Window Treatments
Remake for template neutrality (from-scratch field inventory, five-state defaults, parameters and derived fields, schedule deferrals)
Showing changes from Rev 6
to Rev 7
in Window Treatments.
−---
−title: Window Treatments
−category: Architectural / Specialties
−toc_depth: 3
−description: >
− When to use: Interior solar-control and shading window treatments in commercial, institutional, and light-industrial buildings — manual and motorized roller shades, solar (screen) shades with a specified fabric openness factor, room-darkening and blackout shades, dual-roller (dual-shade) assemblies pairing a solar shade with a blackout shade on one bracket, and fabric draperies on track systems. Covers shade-fabric selection by openness factor and solar optical properties (visible transmittance Tv, solar transmittance Ts, solar reflectance Rs), fire performance of the fabric (NFPA 701 flame propagation and, where required, ASTM E84 surface burning), low-emitting fabric certification, hardware (tube, end brackets, idler, fascia, recessed pocket, hembar), control and operation (manual chain operation under the cord-safety requirements of ANSI/WCMA A100.1, and low-voltage and line-voltage motorization with RF and building-automation integration), inside/outside mounting, and side and sill light-control channels.
− Not intended for: Exterior shading devices, awnings, exterior screens, and architectural sunshades/light shelves mounted outside the glazing line (see the exterior sun-control standard); the glazing, framing, and any integral between-glass blinds, which are part of the window assembly (see [[sync/glazing]] and [[sync/aluminum-entrances-and-storefronts]]); operable interior partitions and folding panel partitions; the structural blocking inside the wall (see [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]]); the building automation head-end and the daylighting/photosensor control sequences (see [[sync/building-automation-system]] and [[sync/lighting-controls]]); and decorative soft-goods (valances, cornices, upholstery) furnished as furniture rather than as installed window treatments.
−---
−
−# Scope {toc}
−
−## This standard covers the furnishing and installation of interior window treatments used for solar control, glare control, daylight management, privacy, and room darkening — principally manual and motorized roller shades (solar/screen, room-darkening, and blackout), dual-roller assemblies, and fabric draperies on track systems. {note}
−## The scope includes the shade fabric, the roller tube and operating hardware, the brackets and mounting, the fascia or recessed pocket that conceals the roll, the hembar, the manual or motorized operating system, the low-voltage or line-voltage power and control infrastructure within the scope of this work, and the side and sill light-control channels where specified. {note}
−
−## Shade types, fabrics, sizes, mounting conditions, and locations for each opening shall be as indicated on the contract drawings and the window-treatment schedule.
−
−## Selection Basis {toc}
−
−### A window treatment is selected first for how it manages light and solar heat, not for how it looks. {note}
−### The single most consequential decision is the fabric openness factor — the percentage of the woven fabric that is open weave rather than yarn. {note}
−### A high openness preserves the view to the outside and admits daylight but controls glare and solar heat gain poorly; a low openness controls glare and heat far better but darkens the room and obscures the view. {note}
−### There is no openness that is best for every orientation: an east or west façade that takes low-angle direct sun needs a low openness (or a dual shade) to control glare at the desk, while a north façade or an interior light-borrowing opening can use a high openness and keep the view. {note}
−
−### Because the fabric hangs freely in an occupied space it is a fire-safety element governed by NFPA 701, and because it is operated daily by occupants — including in spaces used by children — its operating system is governed by the cord-safety requirements of ANSI/WCMA A100.1, so this standard treats the fabric's openness and solar optical properties, its fire performance, and the safety of its operating system as primary requirements. {note}
−
−## Coordination {toc}
−
−### This work shall be coordinated with [[sync/glazing]] for the glass solar-heat-gain coefficient and visible transmittance that the shade works in series with.
−### This work shall be coordinated with [[sync/aluminum-entrances-and-storefronts]] for the mullion and pocket conditions that govern mounting.
−### This work shall be coordinated with [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]] for the in-wall and in-ceiling blocking and the recessed shade pocket.
−### This work shall be coordinated with [[sync/building-automation-system]] and [[sync/lighting-controls]] where motorized shades are integrated with daylighting and façade-control sequences.
−### This work shall be coordinated with the electrical standards for line-voltage power to motorized-shade power supplies.
−
−# Referenced Standards {toc}
−
−## Materials, fabrication, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted editions of the referenced standards and codes.
−
−| Standard | Title |
−|----------|-------|
−| ANSI/WCMA A100.1 | American National Standard for Safety of Corded Window Covering Products |
−| NFPA 701 | Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films |
−| ASTM E84 | Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials |
−| ASTM G21 | Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi |
−| ASTM E2180 | Standard Test Method for Determining the Activity of Incorporated Antimicrobial Agents in Polymeric or Hydrophobic Materials |
−| UL 2818 (GREENGUARD Gold) | Standard for Chemical Emissions for Building Materials, Finishes and Furnishings (low-emitting / GREENGUARD Gold criteria) |
−| CDPH/EHLB Standard Method v1.2 (Section 01350) | Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions |
−| AATCC 16 | Colorfastness to Light |
−| AATCC 30 | Antifungal Activity, Assessment on Textile Materials: Mildew and Rot Resistance of Textile Materials |
−| NFRC 200 | Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and Visible Transmittance (glass + shade interaction) |
−| ASHRAE 90.1 | Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (daylighting and automatic shading provisions) |
−| ICC A117.1 | Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities (operable-parts reach and operation) |
−| ADA 2010 | 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design (operable parts) |
−| UL 325 | Standard for Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and Window Operators and Systems (motorized operators) |
−| NFPA 70 | National Electrical Code (low-voltage and line-voltage shade power and control wiring) |
−
−## Where the contract documents, the adopted building or fire code, or a referenced standard impose more stringent requirements than another, the more stringent requirement shall govern.
−## The Contractor shall resolve conflicts in writing with the Architect before proceeding.
−## The cord-safety requirements of ANSI/WCMA A100.1 are mandatory and shall not be reduced by any other document.
−
−# Submittals {toc}
−
−## Action Submittals {toc}
−
−### The following submittals shall be submitted for review and returned before procurement or fabrication begins.
−### The submittal shall be internally coordinated — the fabric, the hardware, the mounting condition, and the control system shall be reconciled against the window-treatment schedule and the actual opening conditions before any product is ordered, because shade tube diameter, fascia depth, and pocket size all depend on the fabric thickness and the finished shade height and width.
−
−- **Window-Treatment Schedule:** A complete schedule listing every shade and drapery by opening, including the mark or item designation, shade type (solar, room-darkening, blackout, dual), fabric and openness factor, mounting type (inside, outside, recessed pocket), control type (manual chain or motorized), finished width and height, and quantity, cross-referenced to the floor plans and interior elevations.
−- **Product Data:** Manufacturer's product data for the fabric, the roller tube and hardware, the fascia or pocket, the hembar, and the operating system, with rough-in and clearance dimensions.
−- **Fabric Samples with Performance Data:** Physical samples of each scheduled fabric in the scheduled color, accompanied by the fabric's documented openness factor (percent open area) and solar optical properties — visible (light) transmittance Tv, solar transmittance Ts, solar reflectance Rs, and solar absorptance As — with the property set noting that Ts + Rs + As = 100%. For blackout fabrics, documentation of opacity (zero openness and zero light transmission through the fabric body) shall be included.
−- **Shop Drawings:** Coordination drawings showing each opening, the mounting condition (inside the jamb, outside on the wall/ceiling, or in a recessed pocket), bracket and fascia locations and projections, the pocket detail where used, mullion alignment for banks of shades, blocking and backing requirements, light-gap dimensions at jambs and sill, side/sill channel details, and the dimensional limits on a single shade band before it must be divided.
−- **Motorization and Control Diagrams:** For motorized shades, a control riser and one-line diagram showing motor type and voltage, power supplies and their feed, control devices (wall stations, sensors, gateways), the grouping of shades into control zones, RF or wired control topology, and the interface to any building automation or daylighting system, with the demarcation between this scope and the work of [[sync/building-automation-system]] and [[sync/lighting-controls]].
−- **Fire and Emissions Certifications:** Test reports or listings documenting NFPA 701 compliance for every scheduled fabric, ASTM E84 surface-burning classification where the fabric is used in a location requiring it (such as a return-air plenum or where the code classifies the fabric as an interior finish), the GREENGUARD Gold (UL 2818 / CDPH 01350) low-emitting certification where specified, and the antifungal/antimicrobial test data (ASTM G21 / AATCC 30 / ASTM E2180) where an antimicrobial fabric is specified.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Action Submittals Required
−type: checkbox
−options:
− - "Window-treatment schedule by opening"
− - "Product data for fabric, hardware, fascia/pocket, hembar, operating system"
− - "Fabric samples with openness factor and solar optical data (Tv, Ts, Rs, As)"
− - "Shop drawings with mounting, fascia/pocket, light-gap, and channel details"
− - "Motorization control riser / one-line and zoning diagrams"
− - "NFPA 701 fabric flame-propagation certificates"
− - "ASTM E84 surface-burning report (where required for location)"
− - "GREENGUARD Gold (UL 2818) low-emitting certification (where specified)"
− - "Antifungal / antimicrobial test data (where specified)"
−default: "Window-treatment schedule by opening"
−```
−
−### The action submittals shall be submitted for review and returned before procurement or fabrication begins.
−### The submittal shall be internally coordinated, reconciling the fabric, the hardware, the mounting condition, and the control system against the window-treatment schedule and the actual opening conditions before any product is ordered.
−
−## Closeout Submittals {toc}
−
−### At substantial completion the Contractor shall provide the following before final acceptance.
−
−- Final as-built window-treatment schedule reflecting field changes to type, fabric, size, or control
−- Operation and maintenance data for the fabric (cleaning method), the hardware, and the motorized control system, including motor model and configuration, control-zone map, and RF channel or address assignments
−- Warranty documentation for the fabric, hardware, motors, and control components
−- For motorized systems, the final commissioned limit settings, group/scene programming, and integration points handed off to [[sync/building-automation-system]]
−- Attic-stock fabric, hardware, and any specialty tools as required by the maintenance/spare section
−
−```datasheet
−label: Closeout Submittals Required
−type: checkbox
−options:
− - "Final as-built window-treatment schedule"
− - "O&M data including motor configuration and control-zone map"
− - "Warranty documentation (fabric, hardware, motors, controls)"
− - "Commissioned motor limits, scene programming, and integration handoff"
− - "Attic stock and specialty tools"
−default: "Final as-built window-treatment schedule"
−```
−
−### At substantial completion the Contractor shall provide the closeout submittals listed above before final acceptance.
−
−# Quality Assurance {toc}
−
−## Single-Source Responsibility {toc}
−
−```datasheet
−label: Single-Source Responsibility
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Single manufacturer for fabric, hardware, and operating system (standard)"
− - "Single manufacturer for hardware and operating system; specified fabric line from an approved fabric source"
− - "Multiple sources permitted — appearance, dimensions, and control compatibility coordinated by Contractor"
−default: "Single manufacturer for fabric, hardware, and operating system (standard)"
−```
−
−### The shade hardware, tube, operating system, and — for motorized work — the motors and controls should be furnished as a coordinated system from a single manufacturer so that tube sizing, fabric attachment, bracket geometry, and control compatibility are guaranteed.
−### Where a fabric from a separate source is specified, the Contractor shall confirm the hardware manufacturer qualifies that fabric for the scheduled shade size.
−### An unqualified fabric can deflect, telescope, or exceed the tube's roll-up capacity. {note}
−
−## Mock-Up {toc}
−
−### A mock-up of each shade type and fabric installed at a representative opening allows the Architect to confirm the fabric color, openness, light gap, fascia alignment, and — for banks of shades — the visual consistency of the roll and the alignment of adjacent shades before the balance is fabricated. {note}
−### For motorized banks, a full-module mock-up additionally verifies that grouped shades stop at a consistent height (level deployment across the bank), which is a common and visible deficiency. {note}
−
−### A mock-up of each shade type and fabric shall be installed at a representative opening for the Architect to confirm fabric color, openness, light gap, fascia alignment, and the visual consistency and alignment of adjacent shades before the balance is fabricated.
−### For motorized banks, a full-module mock-up shall verify that grouped shades stop at a consistent, level height across the bank.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Mock-Up Required
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Required — one shade of each type/fabric installed at a representative opening for approval"
− - "Required — full bank of shades at one representative façade module"
− - "Not required"
−default: "Required — one shade of each type/fabric installed at a representative opening for approval"
−```
−
−## Field Measurement {toc}
−
−### Inside-mounted shades depend on a square, plumb, and consistent jamb-to-jamb dimension; a shade cut to a nominal width that does not fit the as-built opening either binds or leaves an excessive light gap. {note}
−
−### The Contractor shall field-measure each opening after the surrounding construction (jambs, pockets, fascia substrate, mullions) is in place and before fabricating shades.
−### The Contractor shall measure each opening individually rather than assuming nominal dimensions.
−
−# Environmental and Service Conditions {toc}
−
−## Solar Orientation and Glare {toc}
−
−### The shade fabric is selected to control the actual solar and glare condition at each façade, which the schedule shall identify by orientation.
−### Direct beam sun on east and west façades produces the most severe glare at low sun angles and generally requires a low openness factor, a dual shade, or automated control; south façades take high-angle sun that is more readily managed; north façades and interior borrowed-light openings take diffuse light and tolerate a high openness that preserves the view. {note}
−
−### The window-treatment schedule shall identify the controlling glare and solar condition for each shade by orientation.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Controlling Solar / Glare Condition
−type: select
−options:
− - "East / West façade — direct low-angle sun, severe glare (low openness or dual shade)"
− - "South façade — high-angle direct sun (moderate openness)"
− - "North façade / diffuse — minimal direct sun (higher openness, preserve view)"
− - "Interior / borrowed light — privacy and light control, no direct solar"
−default: "East / West façade — direct low-angle sun, severe glare (low openness or dual shade)"
−```
−### The openness factor and solar properties shall be selected to suit the controlling glare and solar condition identified for each shade.
−
−## Glass Interaction {toc}
−
−### The shade works in series with the glass; the interior shade reduces but does not eliminate the solar heat already admitted by the glazing. {note}
−
−### The effective solar performance of the assembly depends on both the glass solar-heat-gain coefficient and visible transmittance (see [[sync/glazing]]) and the shade's solar properties, evaluated together per NFRC 200 methodology; a low-openness reflective shade behind high-SHGC glass still admits substantial heat because much of the rejected energy is absorbed and re-radiated into the room from between the glass and the shade, so the most effective interior-shade performance pairs a solar-control glass with a high-reflectance, low-openness fabric. {note}
−
−## Plenum and Concealed Locations {toc}
−
−### NFPA 701 alone addresses the hanging-textile flame-propagation hazard but does not by itself satisfy a plenum surface-burning requirement. {note}
−
−### Where a shade pocket opens into a return-air plenum, or where the fabric or its pocket is otherwise within a plenum or an area where the code regulates the surface-burning characteristics of materials, the fabric and pocket materials shall additionally meet the ASTM E84 surface-burning classification required for that location (typically Class A: flame-spread index 25 or less and smoke-developed index 50 or less).
−
−# Shade Types and Fabrics {toc}
−
−## The shade type and fabric for each opening shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the window-treatment schedule]].
−## The selections below establish the type and the controlling fabric properties. {note}
−
−## Shade Type {toc}
−
−### The solar (screen) roller shade is the workhorse of commercial interiors: an open-weave fabric that cuts glare and solar heat while preserving a view to the outside, selected by openness factor. {note}
−### The room-darkening shade uses a dense, tightly woven or coated fabric to reduce light substantially without being fully opaque. {note}
−### The blackout shade uses an opaque (typically multi-layer or foam-backed) fabric that passes no light through the fabric body, used in conference rooms, auditoria, patient rooms, and media spaces — though light still escapes around the edges unless side and sill channels are provided. {note}
−### The dual-roller shade carries both a solar shade and a blackout shade on a single mounting so occupants can choose glare control with a view by day or full darkening on demand. {note}
−### Draperies on a track system are used where a soft, full-height fabric appearance is desired and where stack-back at the jamb is acceptable. {note}
−
−### The shade type shall be specified for each window based on the required light control, opacity, and appearance.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Shade Type
−type: select
−options:
− - "Solar (screen) roller shade — open-weave fabric, glare/heat control with view-through"
− - "Room-darkening roller shade — dense fabric, low light transmission, not fully opaque"
− - "Blackout roller shade — opaque fabric, zero light transmission through the body"
− - "Dual-roller (dual) shade — solar shade and blackout shade on one bracket"
− - "Drapery on track system — fabric drapery on manual or motorized traverse track"
−default: "Solar (screen) roller shade — open-weave fabric, glare/heat control with view-through"
−```
−
−## Fabric Openness Factor — Solar Shades {toc}
−
−### The openness factor is the percentage of the fabric area that is open weave. {note}
−### It is the primary lever between glare/heat control and view/daylight. {note}
−### A 1% openness is nearly opaque to glare and rejects the most solar heat but darkens the room and gives the least view-through; a 10% to 14% openness gives the clearest view and the most daylight but the weakest glare control. {note}
−### A 3% openness is the commercial default for typical office glazing, balancing glare control at the work surface against a usable view; a 5% openness is common where view is prioritized over the most demanding glare control. {note}
−### The fabric color interacts with openness: a dark fabric of a given openness controls glare better and gives a sharper view-through, while a light fabric of the same openness reflects more solar heat back out and produces more interior glare from diffuse brightness. {note}
−
−### The openness factor shall be selected together with the orientation identified above.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Solar Shade Fabric Openness Factor
−type: range
−unit: "%"
−options:
− min: 1
− max: 14
− setpoints: [1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14]
−default: 3
−```
−
−## Solar Optical Properties {toc}
−
−### The three solar optical properties — solar reflectance (Rs), solar absorptance (As), and solar transmittance (Ts) — sum to 100% of the solar energy striking the fabric. {note}
−### A high solar reflectance on the exterior-facing side rejects heat back toward the glass and is the property that most improves an interior shade's thermal performance; a light or metallized exterior face raises Rs. {note}
−### Visible transmittance Tv governs how much daylight and view pass through and is closely tied to glare: a lower Tv means stronger glare control and a darker room. {note}
−
−### The solar optical properties shall be documented for each scheduled fabric.
−### The solar optical properties shall be selected so the shade meets the glare and solar-heat objective for its orientation while supporting any daylighting credit under ASHRAE 90.1.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Solar Reflectance (Rs) — exterior-facing fabric side
−type: range
−unit: "%"
−options:
− min: 20
− max: 80
− setpoints: [20, 35, 50, 65, 80]
−default: 50
−```
−
−```datasheet
−label: Visible (Light) Transmittance (Tv)
−type: range
−unit: "%"
−options:
− min: 1
− max: 25
− setpoints: [1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 25]
−default: 5
−```
−
−## Blackout and Room-Darkening Opacity {toc}
−
−### A blackout fabric has zero openness and passes no light through its body. {note}
−### Room-darkening fabric reduces light substantially but is not opaque. {note}
−### Most escaping light at a blackout shade comes around the edges, not through the cloth. {note}
−
−### The Contractor shall not represent a dense solar or room-darkening fabric as blackout.
−### True blackout requires an opaque fabric and, to actually darken a room, side and sill light-control channels as described under Mounting and Light Control.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Light Control Through Fabric Body
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Solar / screen — open weave, view-through (openness as scheduled)"
− - "Room-darkening — dense, low transmission, not fully opaque"
− - "Blackout — opaque, zero light transmission through the fabric body"
−default: "Solar / screen — open weave, view-through (openness as scheduled)"
−```
−
−## Fabric Fire Performance {toc}
−
−### NFPA 701 is the correct fire test for a freely hanging fabric, which limits weight loss and residual flaming after a controlled flame exposure, and compliance is mandatory regardless of any other requirement. {note}
−
−### Where the fabric is installed in a plenum or other location regulated for interior finish, the required ASTM E84 surface-burning classification shall be specified.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Fabric Surface Burning (ASTM E84) — where required by location
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Not required — fabric not in a plenum or regulated interior-finish location"
− - "Class A required — flame-spread index ≤ 25 and smoke-developed index ≤ 50 (plenum / regulated finish)"
−default: "Not required — fabric not in a plenum or regulated interior-finish location"
−```
−
−### Every shade and drapery fabric installed under this standard shall pass NFPA 701, the flame-propagation test for hanging textiles and films.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Fabric Flame Propagation (NFPA 701)
−type: radio
−options:
− - "NFPA 701 compliant (standard, required for all hanging shade and drapery fabric)"
−default: "NFPA 701 compliant (standard, required for all hanging shade and drapery fabric)"
−```
−
−## Antimicrobial / Antifungal Fabric {toc}
−
−### In dry, conditioned offices a standard fabric is appropriate. {note}
−
−### An antifungal/antimicrobial fabric should be specified for healthcare spaces, natatoriums, kitchens, and other high-humidity environments where mold or microbial growth on the fabric is a concern, with fungal resistance demonstrated to ASTM G21 or AATCC 30 and antimicrobial activity, where claimed, demonstrated to ASTM E2180.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Antimicrobial / Antifungal Fabric
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Not required — standard fabric"
− - "Required — fungal/mildew resistance (ASTM G21 / AATCC 30) and/or antimicrobial treatment (ASTM E2180), healthcare and high-humidity spaces"
−default: "Not required — standard fabric"
−```
−
−## Low-Emitting Fabric {toc}
−
−### Shade fabric is a large interior surface in occupied spaces; a low-emitting fabric certified to GREENGUARD Gold (tested to UL 2818 against the CDPH 01350 emission criteria) limits volatile-organic-compound emissions and supports indoor-air-quality and green-building objectives. {note}
−### It is the default for occupied commercial and institutional projects. {note}
−
−### Where specified, the shade fabric shall be certified low-emitting to GREENGUARD Gold (tested to UL 2818 against the CDPH 01350 emission criteria).
−
−```datasheet
−label: Low-Emitting (GREENGUARD Gold / UL 2818) Certification
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Required — GREENGUARD Gold (UL 2818 / CDPH 01350) certified fabric"
− - "Not required"
−default: "Required — GREENGUARD Gold (UL 2818 / CDPH 01350) certified fabric"
−```
−
−## Colorfastness to Light {toc}
−
−### A window-treatment fabric is, by definition, exposed to sunlight daily. {note}
−### A fabric that fades unevenly — the lower, more-exposed portion fading faster than the portion that rolls up — produces a visibly two-toned shade within a few seasons on a sunny façade. {note}
−
−### The shade fabric shall be colorfast to light per AATCC 16 (xenon-arc light source) at a rating appropriate to the solar exposure of its façade.
−
−# Hardware and Components {toc}
−
−## The roller-shade hardware is the system that holds the fabric flat and straight, rolls it up without telescoping or fabric deflection, and conceals the roll. {note}
−
−## Components shall be the manufacturer's coordinated system sized for the scheduled fabric and shade dimensions.
−
−## Roller Tube {toc}
−
−### An undersized tube on a wide shade deflects under its own load and causes the fabric to wander and telescope (creep toward one end as it rolls), which is the most common roller-shade defect. {note}
−
−### The roller tube diameter shall be sized by the manufacturer for the shade width, the rolled-up fabric volume at full height, and the fabric weight, so that tube deflection across the span is limited and the fabric tracks straight.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Roller Tube Sizing
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Manufacturer-sized aluminum/steel tube for the scheduled width, height, and fabric (limit deflection)"
− - "Tube diameter as scheduled on the drawings"
−default: "Manufacturer-sized aluminum/steel tube for the scheduled width, height, and fabric (limit deflection)"
−```
−### The maximum width of a single shade band before it must be split into two bands on a shared bracket shall not exceed the manufacturer's limit for the selected tube and fabric.
−
−## End Brackets and Idler {toc}
−
−### Each shade is carried on a drive-end bracket (housing the manual clutch or the motor) and an idler-end bracket. {note}
−### For banks of shades a continuous mounting rail or extrusion aligns adjacent shades and supports a continuous fascia. {note}
−
−### The mounting bracket type shall be specified as manufacturer's end brackets or a continuous mounting rail, based on whether shades are installed individually or in a bank.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Mounting Brackets
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Manufacturer's end brackets — drive end (clutch or motor) and idler end (standard)"
− - "Continuous mounting rail / extrusion for banks of shades"
−default: "Manufacturer's end brackets — drive end (clutch or motor) and idler end (standard)"
−```
−
−### Brackets shall be anchored to solid blocking or structure, not to gypsum board alone, as described under Installation.
−
−## Fascia and Pocket {toc}
−
−### A fascia is a removable extrusion that conceals the rolled fabric and hardware on an exposed (face- or ceiling-mounted) shade and is the standard finished condition. {note}
−### A recessed ceiling pocket conceals the shade entirely within the ceiling and gives the cleanest appearance. {note}
−### An open roll with no concealment is acceptable only in utility and back-of-house spaces. {note}
−
−### For a recessed ceiling pocket, the pocket size, the closure/light-baffle at the pocket opening, and the access for service shall be coordinated with [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]] and detailed on the drawings.
−### An open roll with no concealment shall be used only in utility and back-of-house spaces.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Roll Concealment
−type: select
−options:
− - "Fascia — removable extrusion concealing the roll, exposed mount (standard)"
− - "Recessed ceiling pocket — shade concealed in a pocket with a closure / light-baffle"
− - "Open roll — no fascia or pocket (utility / back-of-house)"
− - "Cassette / closed headbox — fabric enclosed on all sides"
−default: "Fascia — removable extrusion concealing the roll, exposed mount (standard)"
−```
−### Pocket and fascia dimensions shall be confirmed against the final fabric and height, because they depend on the tube diameter and rolled fabric volume.
−
−## Hembar {toc}
−
−### The hembar weights the bottom of the fabric so it hangs flat and rolls evenly. {note}
−### A concealed (internal) hembar sealed in a fabric pocket is the standard appearance; an exposed hembar in a coordinated finish is used where a visible bottom bar is acceptable; a wrapped hembar is used on blackout and room-darkening shades to avoid a light line at the bottom edge. {note}
−
−### The hembar type shall be specified based on the shade fabric and the desired appearance of the bottom edge.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Hembar Type
−type: select
−options:
− - "Concealed (internal) hembar in a sewn or welded fabric pocket (standard)"
− - "Exposed hembar (extruded, finish to match)"
− - "Wrapped hembar (fabric-wrapped) for blackout/room-darkening"
−default: "Concealed (internal) hembar in a sewn or welded fabric pocket (standard)"
−```
−
−### The hembar shall be straight and weighted appropriately for the shade width so the fabric does not flutter or hang unevenly.
−
−# Control and Operation {toc}
−
−## The operating system shall be as scheduled — manual or motorized — and shall satisfy the cord-safety requirements of ANSI/WCMA A100.1 and the accessible-operation requirements of ICC A117.1 and the ADA Standards.
−
−## Manual vs. Motorized {toc}
−
−### Manual chain operation is the economical default for most openings, using a continuous-loop bead chain and a spring clutch. {note}
−### Motorization is specified where shades are out of reach, where a bank must deploy in unison, where automated daylighting or façade control is intended, or where the cord-safety analysis favors eliminating the operating cord entirely.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Operating System
−type: select
−options:
− - "Manual — continuous-loop bead chain clutch with cord-safety tension/retention device"
− - "Motorized — low-voltage DC motor (RF and/or wired control)"
− - "Motorized — line-voltage AC motor (RF and/or wired control)"
− - "Motorized — battery / rechargeable motor (limited / retrofit)"
−default: "Manual — continuous-loop bead chain clutch with cord-safety tension/retention device"
−```
−### Low-voltage DC motors are the common commercial choice — they are quiet, suit RF and wired control, and avoid an electrician at each shade — while line-voltage AC motors are used for larger shades or where the infrastructure favors them. {note}
−### Battery and rechargeable motors are limited to retrofit and small quantities because of the ongoing battery-service burden. {note}
−
−## Cord Safety — ANSI/WCMA A100.1 {toc}
−
−### The strangulation hazard of an accessible operating cord or a free-hanging chain loop is the principal life-safety concern of any window covering, and ANSI/WCMA A100.1 is the governing standard. {note}
−### The standard's strong preference is for cordless or inaccessible-cord products. {note}
−
−### In spaces accessible to children — schools, daycares, pediatric and patient areas, residential occupancies — operation shall be cordless (motorized) or shall use an inaccessible-cord design.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Operating-Cord Safety (ANSI/WCMA A100.1)
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Cordless or inaccessible-cord operation (motorized or cordless) — default, required in spaces accessible to children"
− - "Continuous-loop chain with permanently installed tension / hold-down device to eliminate the hazardous loop"
− - "Custom corded product with WCMA-compliant cord-length and retention provisions (restricted use)"
−default: "Cordless or inaccessible-cord operation (motorized or cordless) — default, required in spaces accessible to children"
−```
−### Where a continuous-loop bead chain is used, it shall be installed with the manufacturer's permanently mounted tension or hold-down device so that no hazardous free loop can form, and the device shall be fastened to the structure.
−### Corded products with accessible pull cords shall be limited to the restricted custom-order conditions ANSI/WCMA A100.1 permits, with the standard's cord-length and retention provisions, and shall not be used in spaces accessible to children.
−### The Contractor shall not substitute an accessible-cord product for a scheduled cordless or motorized shade.
−
−## Accessible Operation {toc}
−
−### Motorized operation with a reachable switch or automatic control satisfies the accessible-operation requirement directly and is often the simplest path to compliance at hard-to-reach openings. {note}
−
−### At openings on an accessible route, the shade's operable parts — the chain, wall switch, or control — shall be within the reach range (15 in. to 48 in. above the floor for an unobstructed reach) and operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, per ICC A117.1 and the ADA Standards.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Accessible Operation (ICC A117.1 / ADA)
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Operable parts within reach range and operable with one hand without tight grasping/pinching/twisting, at accessible openings"
− - "Motorized operation at accessible openings (switch/sensor within reach)"
−default: "Operable parts within reach range and operable with one hand without tight grasping/pinching/twisting, at accessible openings"
−```
−
−## Motor Power and Listing {toc}
−
−### Low-voltage DC motors are powered from a listed Class 2 shade power supply. {note}
−
−### The motor power source shall be specified as low-voltage DC, line-voltage AC, or battery, and coordinated with the electrical work.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Motor Power Source
−type: select
−options:
− - "Low-voltage DC from a listed shade power supply (Class 2), home-run or daisy-chained"
− - "Line-voltage AC (120/277 V) to the motor, fused/branch-circuit per NEC"
− - "Battery / rechargeable (retrofit / limited)"
−default: "Low-voltage DC from a listed shade power supply (Class 2), home-run or daisy-chained"
−```
−
−```datasheet
−label: Motor / Operator Listing
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Motorized operators listed to UL 325; wiring per NFPA 70 (standard)"
−default: "Motorized operators listed to UL 325; wiring per NFPA 70 (standard)"
−```
−
−### The demarcation, conduit/raceway, and the line-voltage feed to the power supply shall be coordinated with the electrical work.
−### All wiring shall comply with NFPA 70.
−### Motorized operators shall be listed to UL 325.
−
−## Control Integration {toc}
−
−### Control may be local (wall stations), wireless (RF transmitters and keypads), integrated with a daylighting/photosensor sequence that positions shades automatically by sun condition (see [[sync/lighting-controls]]), or integrated with the building automation system through a BACnet-capable or manufacturer gateway (see [[sync/building-automation-system]]).
−
−```datasheet
−label: Control Method
−type: select
−options:
− - "Local wall station / keypad per zone (standalone)"
− - "RF (wireless) control with handheld and wall transmitters, grouped into zones"
− - "Integrated with daylighting / photosensor and façade-control sequences"
− - "Integrated with the building automation system (BACnet or manufacturer gateway)"
−default: "RF (wireless) control with handheld and wall transmitters, grouped into zones"
−```
−
−### Motorized shades shall be grouped into control zones — typically by façade, by orientation, and by room — so that shades sharing a solar condition move together and stop at a consistent height.
−### Where the shades are integrated with BAS or daylighting, the shade scope shall provide the motors, the shade-side controllers, and the documented interface/points, and the control sequences and head-end shall be the work of the referenced standards.
−### The demarcation between the shade scope and the referenced control standards shall be shown on the control diagram so neither scope is omitted.
−### Grouped shades shall be commissioned so that a zone deploys to a uniform, level height.
−
−# Mounting and Light Control {toc}
−
−## The mounting condition for each opening shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the drawings and the window-treatment schedule]].
−## Mounting governs both the appearance and the amount of light that escapes around the shade. {note}
−
−## Inside vs. Outside Mount {toc}
−
−### An inside (jamb) mount sets the shade within the window reveal for the cleanest relationship to the window, but it requires a deliberate clearance between the fabric edge and each jamb so the fabric does not rub or bind; that clearance is a light gap through which light escapes. {note}
−### An outside (face/wall) mount oversizes the shade beyond the opening to overlap the wall and minimize the side light gap, at the cost of a larger visible shade; it is the default where the opening is out of square or where light control matters more than a flush appearance. {note}
−### Ceiling and recessed-pocket mounts hang the shade from above and are coordinated with the ceiling and the pocket. {note}
−
−### The mounting condition — inside, outside, ceiling, or recessed pocket — shall be specified for each window and coordinated with the surrounding construction.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Mounting Condition
−type: select
−options:
− - "Inside (jamb) mount — shade within the window reveal"
− - "Outside (face/wall) mount — shade on the wall or mullion outside the opening"
− - "Ceiling mount — shade hung from the ceiling/structure above the opening"
− - "Recessed pocket — shade concealed in a ceiling pocket"
−default: "Inside (jamb) mount — shade within the window reveal"
−```
−
−```datasheet
−label: Light Gap at Jambs — Inside Mount
−type: range
−unit: in
−drawing_ref: true
−options:
− min: 0.25
− max: 0.75
− setpoints: [0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.625, 0.75]
−default: 0.375
−```
−
−### For an inside (jamb) mount, the light gap shall be the minimum the hardware and the as-built jamb tolerance allow — typically about 3/8 in. per side — and shall be confirmed by field measurement.
−
−## Side and Sill Channels for Blackout {toc}
−
−### For solar and screen shades the perimeter light gap is unimportant. {note}
−### For blackout and room-darkening shades it is everything: most of the light that reaches a "blackened" room comes around the fabric edges, not through it. {note}
−
−### To achieve genuine room darkening the fabric edges shall be captured in side channels at both jambs.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Side / Sill Light-Control Channels (blackout/room-darkening)
−type: select
−options:
− - "Not provided — gaps at jambs and sill acceptable (solar/screen shades)"
− - "Side channels both jambs — capture fabric edges to block side light"
− - "Side channels and sill channel — full perimeter light control for true room darkening"
−default: "Not provided — gaps at jambs and sill acceptable (solar/screen shades)"
−```
−### For the most demanding applications (auditoria, imaging rooms, projection and media spaces) a sill channel shall capture the hembar as well, closing the perimeter.
−### The Contractor shall not represent a blackout shade without perimeter channels as achieving full darkening.
−### Side and sill channel details, and the resulting overlap onto the wall, shall be shown on the drawings.
−
−## Mullion Alignment for Banks {toc}
−
−### Where shades occur in a continuous bank across a glazed façade, the shades, brackets, and continuous fascia shall align with the window mullions and with each other so that the bank reads as a single coordinated element.
−### Adjacent shade bands shall align in height and the gap between bands shall be consistent.
−### Mullion alignment shall be coordinated with [[sync/aluminum-entrances-and-storefronts]] and [[sync/glazing]].
−
−# Testing {toc}
−
−```datasheet
−label: Field Operational Testing
−type: checkbox
−options:
− - "Operate each manual shade through full travel; verify smooth clutch, even tracking, no telescoping"
− - "Verify each cord-safety tension/retention device is installed and fastened (ANSI/WCMA A100.1)"
− - "Operate each motorized shade; verify limits, quiet operation, and correct direction"
− - "Verify grouped/zoned shades stop at a uniform level height across each bank"
− - "Verify control integration (RF / daylighting / BAS) responds correctly per zone"
− - "Verify blackout perimeter channels close the light gap where specified"
−default: "Operate each manual shade through full travel; verify smooth clutch, even tracking, no telescoping"
−```
−
−## The Contractor shall operate every shade through its full travel and demonstrate smooth operation and even fabric tracking without telescoping.
−## For manual shades, the Contractor shall demonstrate that the cord-safety device is installed and fastened.
−## Motorized shades shall be demonstrated for correct upper and lower limits, quiet operation, correct direction, level deployment across each zone, and correct response to the integrated control system.
−## Where blackout perimeter channels are specified, the resulting darkening shall be demonstrated.
−
−# Installation {toc}
−
−## The Contractor shall install all window treatments level, plumb, and at the locations and mounting conditions shown, in accordance with this standard, the contract documents, and the manufacturer's instructions.
−## Shades shall be field-measured and fabricated to the as-built openings.
−## Brackets, fascia, pockets, and channels shall be aligned within the bank and across the façade.
−
−## Anchorage and Blocking {toc}
−
−### The operating loads, the weight of a wide shade, and the handling of the shade in service will pull a gypsum-only anchor loose; like grab-bar backing, shade blocking cannot be added after the wall or ceiling is closed without demolition. {note}
−
−### Shade brackets, mounting rails, fascia, pockets, side/sill channels, and drapery tracks shall be anchored to solid blocking, backing, or structure and shall not be fastened to gypsum board alone.
−
−```datasheet
−label: Bracket Anchorage
−type: radio
−options:
− - "Anchored to solid blocking, backing, or structure (no gypsum-only anchors) (standard)"
− - "Manufacturer's anchors into solid framing per opening type"
−default: "Anchored to solid blocking, backing, or structure (no gypsum-only anchors) (standard)"
−```
−### Blocking for shade brackets and ceiling pockets shall be installed during rough framing in coordination with [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]].
−### The Contractor shall confirm blocking locations against the shop drawings before the substrate is closed.
−
−## Protection and Cleaning {toc}
−
−### Soils and oils are difficult to remove from shade fabric, and abrasive or solvent cleaning that is not approved can damage the weave, the coating, or the colorfastness. {note}
−
−### Shade fabric shall be protected from construction dust, moisture, and overspray; shades should be installed after the principal dust-generating work is complete, or be kept in protective packaging until that work is done.
−### Fabric shall be handled with clean hands or gloves.
−### At completion the fabric shall be cleaned only by the manufacturer's approved method; abrasive or solvent cleaning that is not approved shall not be used.
−
−# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
−
−## Shades and fabric rolls shall be delivered in the manufacturer's protective packaging, clearly labeled by opening mark, and stored indoors in a clean, dry, conditioned space, flat or upright as the manufacturer directs, away from moisture, direct sun, and construction traffic.
−## Fabric shall not be stored where it can be crushed, kinked, or soiled.
−## Shades shall not be delivered to the site before the spaces are ready to receive and protect them.
−
−# Warranty {toc}
−
−```datasheet
−label: Fabric Warranty Period
−type: select
−options:
− - "5 years against material defect and (on solar façades) excessive fading — standard"
− - "10 years — premium fabric program"
− - "1 year — budget / utility fabric"
−default: "5 years against material defect and (on solar façades) excessive fading — standard"
−```
−
−```datasheet
−label: Hardware Warranty Period
−type: select
−options:
− - "Limited lifetime on manual clutch and tube hardware — standard"
− - "5 years on hardware"
− - "1 year on hardware"
−default: "Limited lifetime on manual clutch and tube hardware — standard"
−```
−
−```datasheet
−label: Motor and Control Warranty Period
−type: select
−options:
− - "5 years on motors and control components — standard"
− - "3 years on motors and control components"
− - "1 year on motors and control components"
−default: "5 years on motors and control components — standard"
−```
−
−## The fabric shall be warranted against material defect and, on sun-exposed façades, against excessive fading inconsistent with the AATCC 16 rating.
−## The manual hardware shall be warranted against clutch and tube defects.
−## The motors and control components shall be warranted against defects in materials and workmanship, each for the period selected.
−## The Contractor shall separately warrant the installation, including level and aligned mounting, secure anchorage to solid blocking, correct cord-safety device installation, and — for motorized work — correct limit setting, zoning, and integration, for not less than one year from substantial completion.
−## Damage from abuse, unapproved cleaning, or operation outside the manufacturer's instructions is excluded.
−
−# Maintenance and Spare Materials {toc}
−
−```datasheet
−label: Attic Stock — Fabric and Hardware
−type: select
−options:
− - "2% of each fabric (by area) and 2% of each shade type's operating hardware, minimum one each"
− - "5% of each fabric and hardware"
− - "No attic stock required"
−default: "2% of each fabric (by area) and 2% of each shade type's operating hardware, minimum one each"
−```
−
−```datasheet
−label: Motorized Spare Components
−type: checkbox
−options:
− - "Spare motors (one per motor type/size)"
− - "Spare control transmitters / wall stations"
− - "Spare power supply (one per type)"
− - "Programming/configuration tool and credentials turned over"
−default: "Spare motors (one per motor type/size)"
−```
−
−## The Contractor shall turn over attic stock of each scheduled fabric and of each shade type's operating hardware so the Owner can repair a damaged shade without a full reorder.
−## For motorized systems, the Contractor shall turn over spare motors, control devices, and a power supply of each type, together with the configuration tool, the zone map, and the credentials required to service and reprogram the system.
−## The maintenance data shall state the approved fabric-cleaning method and the recommended inspection interval for the cord-safety devices and the motorized limits.
+---
+title: Window Treatments
+category: Architectural / Specialties
+description: >
+ When to use: Interior window treatments installed for glare control, solar heat control, daylight management, privacy, and room darkening in commercial, institutional, and light-industrial buildings. Covers manual and motorized roller shades with solar screen, room-darkening, and blackout fabrics, dual-roller assemblies carrying two shades on one mounting, and draperies on track systems. Addresses fabric composition, openness factor and solar optical properties, fire performance under NFPA 701 and ASTM E84, low-emitting certification, lightfastness, fungal and antimicrobial performance, roller tube and bracket hardware, fascia and pocket concealment, hembars, manual clutch operation and the cord retention provisions of ANSI/WCMA A100.1, motorized operation and its power, listing, control, and integration, mounting condition and light gap, perimeter light-control channels, accessible operation, field testing, installation, warranty, and spare parts.
+
+ Not intended for: Exterior shading devices, awnings, exterior screens, sunshades, and light shelves mounted outside the glazing line ([[sync/metal-canopies-and-awnings]]); the glazing, frames, and any between-glass blinds that are part of the window assembly ([[sync/glazing]], [[sync/windows]], [[sync/glazed-curtain-walls]], [[sync/aluminum-entrances-and-storefronts]]); horizontal and vertical louver blinds, cellular shades, and roman shades, which are separate product families; operable and folding partitions; the wall and ceiling blocking the brackets fasten to ([[sync/rough-carpentry]], [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]]); the lighting control and building automation head-ends and their sequences ([[sync/lighting-controls]], [[sync/building-automation-system]]); the branch circuits and raceways serving shade power supplies ([[sync/conductors-and-cables]], [[sync/raceways-and-conduit]]); and valances, cornices, and upholstery furnished as furniture rather than as installed window treatments.
+---
+
+# Scope {toc}
+
+## This standard governs the fabric, hardware, operating systems, mounting, and field procedures for interior window treatments that manage the light and solar heat entering an occupied space through its glazing. {note}
+
+## The products in scope are roller shades in solar screen, room-darkening, and blackout fabrics, dual-roller assemblies that carry a solar shade and an opaque shade on one mounting, and draperies hung on architectural track. {note}
+
+## A window treatment is selected first for what it does to light. The fabric openness, its solar optical properties, and the way its edges meet the opening decide whether a workstation can be used beside the glass at nine in the morning and whether a room can be darkened for a projected image, and the hardware exists to hold the fabric flat, roll it straight, and put it where the occupant wants it. {note}
+
+## Because the fabric hangs freely in an occupied room it is a fire safety element, and because it is operated every day by the people in that room its operating cord is a strangulation hazard governed by ANSI/WCMA A100.1. This standard treats fire performance and cord retention as requirements of the same rank as the optical ones. {note}
+
+## Fabric openness varies by orientation on the same building, so it is a per-opening quantity carried on the window treatment schedule, while the fabric family, its fire and emissions performance, the hardware system, and the policy on manual and motorized operation are decided once for the project in the datasheet. {note}
+
+## Whether an opening is manual or motorized is a decision independent of which fabric hangs on it; either fabric can be driven either way, and the two selections are made separately in this standard. {note}
+
+## The following are governed elsewhere and are outside this standard: {note}
+
+- exterior shading devices, awnings, exterior screens, and sunshades mounted outside the glazing line
+- the glazing, window frames, curtain wall, and storefront the treatments are mounted against
+- horizontal and vertical louver blinds, cellular shades, and roman shades
+- the wall and ceiling blocking and backing the brackets fasten to
+- the lighting control and building automation head-ends and the sequences that command the shades
+- branch circuits and raceways serving shade power supplies
+- valances, cornices, and other soft goods furnished as furniture
+
+## The treatment type and quantity at each opening shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the window treatment schedule]].
+
+## Window treatment locations shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the floor plans and interior elevations]].
+
+## This work shall be coordinated with [[sync/glazing]] for the visible transmittance and solar heat gain coefficient of the glass that the shade works in series with.
+
+## This work shall be coordinated with [[sync/windows]], [[sync/glazed-curtain-walls]], and [[sync/aluminum-entrances-and-storefronts]] for the jamb, mullion, and head conditions that govern mounting.
+
+## This work shall be coordinated with [[sync/rough-carpentry]] and [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]] for blocking, backing, and recessed pocket framing.
+
+## This work shall be coordinated with [[sync/lighting-controls]] and [[sync/building-automation-system]] where motorized shades are commanded by a daylighting or facade control sequence.
+
+# Referenced Standards {toc}
+
+## Materials, fabrication, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
+
+## Where the contract documents, the adopted building or fire code, or two referenced standards impose conflicting requirements, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Architect directs otherwise in writing.
+
+| Standard | Title |
+|----------|-------|
+| ANSI/WCMA A100.1 | Safety of Corded Window Covering Products |
+| NFPA 701 | Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films |
+| ASTM E84 | Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials |
+| ASTM E903 | Solar Absorptance, Reflectance, and Transmittance of Materials Using Integrating Spheres |
+| ASTM E1175 | Determining Solar or Photopic Reflectance, Transmittance, and Absorptance of Materials Using a Large Diameter Integrating Sphere |
+| AERC 1.1 | Procedures for Determining the Optical and Thermal Properties of Window Attachment Materials |
+| NFRC 200 | Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and Visible Transmittance at Normal Incidence |
+| ASTM G21 | Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi |
+| AATCC TM30 | Antifungal Activity, Assessment on Textile Materials: Mildew and Rot Resistance of Textile Materials |
+| ASTM E2180 | Determining the Activity of Incorporated Antimicrobial Agents in Polymeric or Hydrophobic Materials |
+| AATCC TM16.3 | Colorfastness to Light: Xenon-Arc |
+| UL 2818 | GREENGUARD Certification Program for Chemical Emissions for Building Materials, Finishes and Furnishings |
+| CDPH Standard Method v1.2 | Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers |
+| ICC A117.1 | Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities |
+| 2010 ADA Standards | 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design |
+| UL 325 | Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and Window Operators and Systems |
+| UL 1310 | Class 2 Power Units |
+| NFPA 70 | National Electrical Code |
+| ASHRAE 135 | BACnet, A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks |
+| 47 CFR Part 15 | Radio Frequency Devices |
+| IBC | International Building Code (Chapter 8, Interior Finishes) |
+
+## The cord retention provisions of ANSI/WCMA A100.1 are consumer product safety requirements, and no selection in this standard reduces them. {note}
+
+# Submittals {toc}
+
+## Action Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following for review before any window treatment is fabricated or ordered:
+
+- a window treatment schedule listing every shade and drapery by opening mark, giving the treatment type, fabric and openness, mounting condition, concealment, operating system, finished width and drop, and quantity, cross-referenced to the floor plans and elevations
+- product data for each fabric, giving the composition, weight, thickness, openness factor, and the published visible transmittance, solar transmittance, solar reflectance, and solar absorptance for the scheduled color
+- product data for the roller tube, brackets, clutch or motor, fascia or pocket components, hembar, channels, and drapery track, with rough-in and clearance dimensions
+- a physical sample of each fabric in each scheduled color, not smaller than 8 in. by 10 in.
+- a finish sample of each exposed hardware finish
+- shop drawings showing each opening condition, the mounting plane and bracket projection, the fascia or pocket detail, the light gap at each jamb, the outside-mount overlap, the channel detail, the division of wide openings into bands, and the alignment of banks to mullions
+- for motorized work, a control riser showing motor type and voltage, power supply locations and their branch circuit feeds, control devices, control zones, the control signal topology, and the interface to any lighting control or building automation system with the demarcation between this work and those systems
+- fire performance reports for each fabric, giving the NFPA 701 test method and result, and the ASTM E84 flame spread and smoke developed indices where an interior finish classification applies
+- low-emitting certification for each fabric where the datasheet requires it
+- fungal resistance and antimicrobial test reports where the datasheet requires them
+- the lightfastness rating of each fabric
+
+```datasheet
+label: Action Submittal Package
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Window treatment schedule by opening"
+ - "Fabric product data with optical properties"
+ - "Hardware and track product data"
+ - "Fabric samples in scheduled colors"
+ - "Hardware finish samples"
+ - "Shop drawings of opening conditions and details"
+ - "Motorization control riser and zoning"
+ - "Fire performance reports"
+ - "Low-emitting certification"
+ - "Fungal resistance and antimicrobial reports"
+ - "Lightfastness rating"
+default:
+ - "Window treatment schedule by opening"
+ - "Fabric product data with optical properties"
+ - "Hardware and track product data"
+ - "Fabric samples in scheduled colors"
+ - "Shop drawings of opening conditions and details"
+ - "Fire performance reports"
+```
+
+### Window treatments shall not be fabricated or ordered until the corresponding action submittals have been reviewed and returned.
+
+### The tube diameter, the fascia depth, and the pocket size each depend on the fabric thickness and the finished drop, so a fabric substitution after the hardware is ordered can leave a roll that no longer fits its fascia. The submittal is reviewed as one coordinated set for that reason. {note}
+
+## Informational Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following with or before the action submittals:
+
+- the manufacturer's written confirmation that each scheduled fabric is qualified on the selected hardware at the largest scheduled width and drop
+- the installer's qualification statement
+- the field measurement record for every opening, taken after the surrounding construction is in place
+- for motorized work, the power supply loading calculation showing the number of motors on each supply against the supply's rated capacity
+
+```datasheet
+label: Informational Submittal Package
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Fabric qualification on the selected hardware"
+ - "Installer qualification statement"
+ - "Field measurement record"
+ - "Power supply loading calculation"
+default:
+ - "Fabric qualification on the selected hardware"
+ - "Field measurement record"
+```
+
+## Closeout Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following before the window treatments are accepted:
+
+- an as-built window treatment schedule recording every field change to type, fabric, size, mounting, or operating system
+- operation and maintenance data giving the approved cleaning method for each fabric, the inspection interval for cord retention devices, and the service procedure for each operating system
+- for motorized work, the commissioned upper and lower limit settings, the control zone map, the address or channel assignment of every motor and control device, and the points handed to the lighting control or building automation system
+- warranty documentation for the fabric, the hardware, the motors and controls, and the installation
+- a signed receipt from the Owner for the spare parts delivered
+
+```datasheet
+label: Closeout Submittal Package
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "As-built window treatment schedule"
+ - "Operation and maintenance data"
+ - "Commissioned limits, zone map, and address assignments"
+ - "Warranty documentation"
+ - "Spare parts receipt"
+default:
+ - "As-built window treatment schedule"
+ - "Operation and maintenance data"
+ - "Warranty documentation"
+```
+
+# Quality Assurance {toc}
+
+## Sources of Supply {toc}
+
+### The source of the shade fabric relative to the hardware shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Shade Fabric Source
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Fabric from the hardware manufacturer's own fabric line"
+ - "Fabric from a separate fabric source qualified by the hardware manufacturer"
+```
+
+### The source of the motors and controls relative to the hardware shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Motor and Control Source
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Motors and controls from the hardware manufacturer's own system"
+ - "Motors and controls from a separate control manufacturer qualified by the hardware manufacturer"
+```
+
+### A small number of mills weave most of the solar screen fabric sold in the United States, and the same fabric is offered through several hardware manufacturers, so a fabric sourced separately from the hardware is a common arrangement rather than an exception. What the hardware manufacturer supplies in that arrangement is the qualification that the fabric rolls straight on its tube at the scheduled size, which is why the qualification is required rather than the common ownership. {note}
+
+### Whatever the source, the roller tube, brackets, clutch or motor, fascia, and hembar shall be furnished as one coordinated system by a single hardware manufacturer.
+
+### Where the fabric is furnished from a separate source, the hardware manufacturer shall confirm in writing that the fabric is qualified on the selected tube at the largest scheduled width and drop.
+
+### Where the motors and controls are furnished from a separate source, the hardware manufacturer shall confirm in writing that the motor fits the tube and bracket and that the combination has been tested together.
+
+## Installer Qualification {toc}
+
+### The installer's authorization status shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Installer Authorization
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Installer trained and authorized by the hardware manufacturer"
+ - "Installer experienced with the product type without manufacturer authorization"
+```
+
+### The installer shall have completed not fewer than the number of projects of comparable size indicated in the datasheet using the selected operating system.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum Comparable Projects Completed by the Installer
+type: range
+unit: projects
+options:
+ min: 0
+ max: 10
+ setpoints: [0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10]
+```
+
+### Where the datasheet leaves the minimum blank, no project count is imposed and the installer's authorization status alone governs.
+
+## Mock-Up {toc}
+
+### The mock-ups required before the balance of the work is fabricated shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Mock-Ups Required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "One shade of each type and fabric at a representative opening"
+ - "One complete bank of shades at a representative facade module"
+ - "One motorized control zone commissioned and demonstrated"
+ - "One drapery at a representative opening"
+```
+
+### A single-opening mock-up lets the Architect confirm the fabric color and openness against the actual glass and daylight, the light gap, and the fascia alignment before the order is placed. {note}
+
+### A bank mock-up additionally shows whether adjacent shades read as one element, and a motorized zone mock-up shows whether grouped shades stop at the same height, which is the deficiency most visible from across a room. {note}
+
+### The mock-up shall be installed at the opening the Architect designates, and the balance of the work shall not be fabricated until the Architect has accepted the mock-up in writing.
+
+### An accepted mock-up may remain as part of the work.
+
+## Field Measurement {toc}
+
+### An inside-mounted shade is cut to the opening it goes into, and a nominal dimension that is wrong by a quarter inch produces either a shade that binds or a light gap twice the width intended. {note}
+
+### The Contractor shall field-measure every opening after the jambs, sills, mullions, ceilings, and pocket framing that bound it are in place, and before any shade or drapery is fabricated.
+
+### Each opening shall be measured individually at the head, the mid-height, and the sill, and fabricated to the measured dimension rather than to a nominal one.
+
+### The field measurement record shall identify each opening by its mark and shall record the out-of-square and out-of-plumb conditions found.
+
+# Environmental and Service Conditions {toc}
+
+## Solar Exposure by Orientation {toc}
+
+### The glare an occupant experiences at a workstation depends on the sun's angle relative to the glass, which changes with orientation and with the hour, so no single fabric openness serves every facade of the same building. {note}
+
+### An east or west facade takes direct sun at a low angle for part of the day and needs a low openness or a second, opaque shade to hold glare at the work surface. A south facade takes high-angle sun that a moderate openness can manage. A north facade or a borrowed-light interior opening receives diffuse light and keeps its view at a higher openness. {note}
+
+### The openness and optical properties selected for each opening shall be consistent with the orientation and glare exposure of that opening.
+
+### Where the window treatment schedule assigns a single fabric to openings of different orientations, the Contractor shall bring the assignment to the Architect's attention before the fabric is ordered, and the Architect shall confirm or revise it in writing.
+
+## Glazing Interaction {toc}
+
+### An interior shade works in series with the glass and reduces, but does not eliminate, the solar heat the glass has already admitted. Energy the shade absorbs is re-radiated into the room from the space between the glass and the fabric, so a dark fabric behind clear glass can warm the room while it darkens it. {note}
+
+### A shade with a high solar reflectance on its exterior-facing side returns part of the admitted energy back through the glass, and the combined performance of glass and shade is evaluated together under NFRC 200 or AERC 1.1 rather than from either component alone. {note}
+
+### The glass visible transmittance and solar heat gain coefficient of each glazed opening shall be obtained from [[sync/glazing]] before the fabric optical properties for that opening are finalized.
+
+## Plenum and Interior Finish Locations {toc}
+
+### NFPA 701 addresses the flame propagation of a hanging textile and does not by itself classify a material for surface burning, so a fabric that hangs in a location the building code regulates as an interior finish, or a pocket that opens into a return air plenum, carries a second requirement under ASTM E84. {note}
+
+### Where the shade pocket opens into a return air plenum, the pocket materials, the fabric within the plenum, and any insulation or lining shall meet the surface burning classification required for that plenum.
+
+## Humidity Exposure {toc}
+
+### Fungal growth on a fabric needs sustained surface moisture, which a conditioned office does not supply and a natatorium, a commercial kitchen, a shower room, or an unconditioned vestibule does, so fungal and antimicrobial performance earns its cost where the space's humidity is sustained rather than where it is conditioned. {note}
+
+### Where a shade hangs in a space in which the relative humidity is sustained above 70 percent by the space's use, the fabric shall carry the fungal resistance selected in the datasheet, and where the datasheet selects none, the Contractor shall report the condition to the Architect before ordering.
+
+# Window Treatment Types {toc}
+
+## The treatment types included in the work shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Window Treatment Types in the Work
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Solar screen roller shades"
+ - "Room-darkening roller shades"
+ - "Blackout roller shades"
+ - "Dual-roller shades"
+ - "Draperies on track"
+```
+
+## A solar screen shade is an open-weave fabric selected by openness factor that cuts glare and solar heat while keeping a view through the weave. A room-darkening shade is a dense fabric that reduces light substantially without being opaque. A blackout shade is an opaque fabric that passes no light through its body, and the light that reaches a darkened room comes around its edges. A dual-roller assembly carries two of these on one mounting so the occupant can choose glare control with a view by day and darkness on demand. A drapery is a full-height fabric hung on track where a soft appearance is wanted and stack-back at the jamb is acceptable. {note}
+
+## The operating systems included in the work shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Operating Systems in the Work
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Manual operation"
+ - "Motorized operation"
+default:
+ - "Manual operation"
+```
+
+## The openings that receive motorized operation shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the window treatment schedule]].
+
+# Solar Screen Fabric {toc}
+
+## Fabric Composition {toc}
+
+### The solar screen fabric composition shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Solar Screen Fabric Composition
+type: select
+options:
+ - "PVC-coated fiberglass yarn"
+ - "PVC-coated polyester yarn"
+ - "PVC-free coated polyester yarn"
+ - "PVC-free coated fiberglass yarn"
+ - "Uncoated woven polyester"
+```
+
+### Fiberglass yarn does not stretch, so a fiberglass-core fabric holds its dimensions on a wide shade and hangs flat in a heated window; polyester yarn is lighter and more tear-resistant but elongates under its own weight on a tall drop, which shows as a wave along the hembar. A PVC coating gives the yarn its dimensional stability and cleanability at the cost of chlorine content, and the PVC-free coatings trade some of that stability for a fabric that can be specified where halogenated materials are excluded. {note}
+
+### The exterior-facing face of the fabric shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Exterior-Facing Fabric Face
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Same color and construction as the room-side face"
+ - "White or light exterior face on a colored room-side face"
+ - "Metallized reflective backing"
+```
+
+### A light or metallized exterior face raises the solar reflectance of the shade and returns more heat through the glass, while a dark room-side face lowers the fabric's own brightness and sharpens the view through the weave. A two-faced fabric lets both be chosen at once, and it also gives the building a uniform appearance from the street regardless of the interior color. {note}
+
+### Fabric color and pattern for each opening shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the finish schedule]].
+
+## Openness Factor {toc}
+
+### The openness factor is the percentage of the fabric area that is open weave rather than yarn, and it is the primary lever between glare control and view. {note}
+
+### A 1 percent openness is nearly closed to glare and rejects the most solar heat but darkens the room and gives the least view; a 10 percent to 14 percent openness gives the clearest view and the most daylight and the weakest glare control; a 3 percent to 5 percent openness sits between the two on most facades. {note}
+
+### Fabric color interacts with openness. At the same openness a dark fabric holds glare better and gives a sharper view, and a light fabric reflects more heat but produces more diffuse brightness on its own surface. {note}
+
+### The openness factor of the solar screen fabric shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Solar Screen Fabric Openness Factor
+type: range
+unit: '%'
+drawing_ref: "the window treatment schedule"
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 14
+ setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14]
+default: deferred
+```
+
+### The openness stated on the schedule for an opening shall govern over a project-wide value in the datasheet.
+
+### The openness factor shall be the value published by the fabric manufacturer for the selected fabric and color, determined by an optical method rather than by yarn count.
+
+## Solar Optical Properties {toc}
+
+### Solar transmittance, solar reflectance, and solar absorptance sum to 100 percent of the solar energy striking the fabric. Solar reflectance on the exterior-facing side is the property that most improves the shade's thermal performance, and visible transmittance is the property most closely tied to glare. {note}
+
+### The minimum solar reflectance of the exterior-facing face shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum Solar Reflectance of the Exterior-Facing Face
+type: range
+unit: '%'
+drawing_ref: "the window treatment schedule"
+options:
+ min: 5
+ max: 80
+ setpoints: [5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80]
+```
+
+### The maximum visible transmittance of the fabric shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Maximum Visible Transmittance
+type: range
+unit: '%'
+drawing_ref: "the window treatment schedule"
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 40
+ setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40]
+```
+
+### The maximum solar transmittance of the fabric shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Maximum Solar Transmittance
+type: range
+unit: '%'
+drawing_ref: "the window treatment schedule"
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 40
+ setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40]
+```
+
+### Where the datasheet and the schedule state no optical limit for an opening, the fabric's published values for the scheduled color shall be reported in the submittal and no minimum or maximum is imposed.
+
+### Optical properties shall be determined by ASTM E903 or ASTM E1175, or under AERC 1.1, and shall be reported for the scheduled color rather than for the fabric line as a whole.
+
+### Values differ by color within one fabric line, and a white and a charcoal of the same weave can differ in solar reflectance by a factor of five. {note}
+
+# Room-Darkening and Blackout Fabric {toc}
+
+## The construction of room-darkening and blackout fabric shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Room-Darkening and Blackout Fabric Construction
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Acrylic foam-backed woven polyester"
+ - "Three-layer laminated woven blackout"
+ - "PVC-coated fiberglass blackout"
+ - "PVC-free coated blackout"
+ - "Dense woven polyester room-darkening without opaque backing"
+```
+
+## A foam-backed fabric achieves opacity in a thin, soft cloth and rolls to a small diameter, and its backing is the surface that faces the glass. A laminated blackout carries its opaque layer between two decorative faces so both sides can be colored. A coated blackout is the stiffest and most cleanable and is the one that behaves like a solar screen fabric on the roller. {note}
+
+## A fabric designated blackout shall have zero openness and a visible transmittance of zero through its body.
+
+## A fabric designated room-darkening shall have a visible transmittance not exceeding the value indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Maximum Visible Transmittance of Room-Darkening Fabric
+type: range
+unit: '%'
+options:
+ min: 0.5
+ max: 10
+ setpoints: [0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10]
+```
+
+## The Contractor shall not represent a dense solar screen or room-darkening fabric as blackout.
+
+## Most of the light that reaches a room behind a blackout shade comes around the fabric edges rather than through the cloth, so an opaque fabric darkens a room only in combination with the perimeter provisions in the Mounting and Light Control section. {note}
+
+# Fabric Fire Performance {toc}
+
+## Flame Propagation {toc}
+
+### Every shade and drapery fabric installed under this standard shall pass NFPA 701 under the test method applicable to its construction and areal density.
+
+### The NFPA 701 test method under which each fabric is tested shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: NFPA 701 Test Method
+type: select
+derived: "the construction and areal density of the selected fabric, against the applicability limits NFPA 701 sets for each test method"
+options:
+ - "Test Method 1"
+ - "Test Method 2"
+default: derived
+```
+
+### NFPA 701 assigns its two test methods by the fabric itself. Test Method 1 applies to single-layer fabrics and multilayer drapery assemblies up to the areal density the standard states, and Test Method 2 applies to heavier fabrics, to vinyl-coated fabrics and blackout linings, and to plastic films, so the method is not a project choice but a consequence of the fabric selected. {note}
+
+### A drapery assembly of face fabric, lining, and interlining shall be tested as the assembly rather than as separate layers.
+
+### The fabric supplier's certificate shall identify the fabric by name, the test method, and the test date, and shall be current at the time of submittal.
+
+## Surface Burning {toc}
+
+### The ASTM E84 surface burning classification required of the fabric shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Fabric Surface Burning Classification
+type: select
+derived: "the interior finish class the adopted building code assigns to the occupancy and location the shade is installed in, and whether the fabric or its pocket is exposed within a return air plenum"
+options:
+ - "No surface burning classification required at the installed locations"
+ - "Class A"
+ - "Class B"
+ - "Class C"
+default: derived
+```
+
+### A Class A classification is a flame spread index of 25 or less and a smoke developed index of 450 or less under ASTM E84, and a plenum location additionally requires a smoke developed index of 50 or less. {note}
+
+### Where a classification applies, the classification shall be demonstrated for the fabric as installed, including any backing, coating, or lining.
+
+# Fabric Emissions, Lightfastness, and Hygiene {toc}
+
+## Low-Emitting Certification {toc}
+
+### Whether the fabric is required to carry a low-emitting certification shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Low-Emitting Fabric Certification
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Certified low-emitting fabric required"
+ - "Not required"
+```
+
+### Where a certified low-emitting fabric is required, the fabric shall be certified under UL 2818 to the GREENGUARD Gold criteria or shall be tested under the CDPH Standard Method v1.2 and shall meet its limits.
+
+### Shade fabric is among the largest continuous interior surfaces in an occupied room, so its emissions are weighed by the green building rating systems that count interior products, and a project pursuing such a rating has a concrete reason to require the certification. {note}
+
+## Lightfastness {toc}
+
+### A window treatment fabric is exposed to sunlight every day it is deployed, and the lower portion of a shade that is partly raised for most of the year fades ahead of the portion that stays rolled, so a fabric that fades produces a visibly two-toned shade within a few seasons on a sunny facade. {note}
+
+### The fabric shall hold a gray scale rating of 4 or better under AATCC TM16.3 after the exposure indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum Lightfastness Exposure at Gray Scale Rating 4
+type: range
+unit: hours
+options:
+ min: 20
+ max: 500
+ setpoints: [20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 300, 500]
+```
+
+### Where the datasheet leaves the exposure blank, the fabric manufacturer's published lightfastness rating shall be reported in the submittal and shall become the warranty basis for fading.
+
+## Fungal Resistance and Antimicrobial Activity {toc}
+
+### The fungal resistance and antimicrobial performance required of the fabric shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Fungal Resistance and Antimicrobial Performance
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Fungal resistance demonstrated under ASTM G21"
+ - "Mildew resistance demonstrated under AATCC TM30"
+ - "Antimicrobial activity demonstrated under ASTM E2180"
+```
+
+### Fungal resistance and antimicrobial activity are different properties. The first is the fabric's own resistance to supporting mold, which a glass or coated polyester yarn has largely by nature; the second is an added agent that inhibits bacteria on the surface, which is a claim a healthcare owner may want documented. {note}
+
+### Where an antimicrobial claim is made for a fabric, the active agent shall be identified in the submittal and its activity demonstrated under ASTM E2180 rather than asserted.
+
+# Roller Shade Hardware {toc}
+
+## Roller Tube {toc}
+
+### The roller tube material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Roller Tube Material
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Extruded aluminum"
+ - "Galvanized steel"
+default: "Extruded aluminum"
+```
+
+### The roller tube diameter for each shade shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Roller Tube Diameter
+type: range
+unit: in.
+derived: "the shade width, the rolled fabric volume at the full scheduled drop, and the fabric weight, against the hardware manufacturer's published deflection limit for each tube"
+options:
+ min: 1.25
+ max: 4
+ setpoints: [1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4]
+default: derived
+```
+
+### The tube diameter follows from the width and the load on it rather than from a preference. An undersized tube on a wide shade deflects under its own weight, and a deflected tube makes the fabric wander toward one end as it rolls, which is the defect called telescoping and the most common roller shade complaint. {note}
+
+### Tube deflection at the scheduled width and drop shall not exceed the hardware manufacturer's published limit for straight fabric tracking.
+
+### The tube shall carry a continuous fabric attachment along its full length so the fabric is held square to the tube axis.
+
+## Roll Direction {toc}
+
+### The direction in which the fabric leaves the tube shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Roll Direction
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Regular roll"
+ - "Reverse roll"
+default: "Regular roll"
+```
+
+### A regular roll drops the fabric off the back of the tube nearest the glass, which keeps the fabric closest to the glazing and out of the way of the room. A reverse roll drops the fabric off the front of the tube, which hides the tube behind the fabric where no fascia is used and gains clearance past a window handle or a deep sill projection. {note}
+
+## Brackets {toc}
+
+### Each shade shall be carried on a drive-end bracket that houses the clutch or motor and an idler-end bracket, with the brackets sized for the tube diameter and the load.
+
+### Banks of adjacent shades shall be carried as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Bracket Configuration for Banks of Shades
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Individual end brackets at each shade"
+ - "Shared intermediate brackets between adjacent shades"
+ - "Continuous mounting extrusion carrying the bank"
+```
+
+### A shared intermediate bracket carries the idler of one shade and the drive of the next on a single mounting, which keeps the gap between bands small and aligns them at one height. A continuous extrusion goes further and carries the whole bank on one line, which also supports a continuous fascia across the mullions. {note}
+
+### Bracket projection shall clear the glass, the frame, any operable sash, and any window hardware through the full travel of the shade.
+
+## Fabric Width and Banding {toc}
+
+### Openings wider than the fabric bolt width shall be treated as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Treatment of Openings Wider Than the Fabric Bolt Width
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Railroaded fabric"
+ - "Seamed fabric"
+ - "Divided into coupled bands driven by one operator"
+ - "Divided into independently operated bands"
+```
+
+### Railroading turns the fabric so its bolt width runs vertically, which makes a seamless band wider than the bolt at the cost of a pattern turned sideways and a drop limited to the bolt width. A seam keeps the pattern upright and is visible in transmitted light. Dividing the opening into bands keeps every band within the bolt and within the tube's deflection limit, at the cost of a light line between bands. {note}
+
+### The maximum width of a single band shall not exceed the hardware manufacturer's published limit for the selected tube and fabric.
+
+### Fabric edges shall be cut cleanly by a method that leaves no loose yarn, and the edges shall be straight and parallel over the full drop.
+
+## Hembar {toc}
+
+### The hembar type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Hembar Type
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Concealed hembar sealed in a fabric pocket"
+ - "Exposed extruded aluminum hembar"
+ - "Fabric-wrapped exposed hembar"
+```
+
+### The hembar weights the bottom of the fabric so it hangs flat and rolls evenly, and its form decides how the bottom edge reads and how it meets a sill. A concealed hembar inside a sewn or welded pocket disappears into the fabric; an exposed hembar reads as a finished bar in a coordinated finish; a wrapped hembar covers the bar in the shade fabric and suppresses the light line at the bottom edge of an opaque shade. {note}
+
+### The hembar shall be straight and shall be weighted for the shade width so that the fabric does not flutter under air movement or hang unevenly.
+
+# Roll Concealment {toc}
+
+## The concealment of the roll at each opening shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Roll Concealment
+type: select
+drawing_ref: "the window treatment schedule"
+options:
+ - "Fascia"
+ - "Recessed ceiling pocket with a closure"
+ - "Recessed ceiling pocket without a closure"
+ - "Closed cassette headbox"
+ - "Exposed roll without concealment"
+```
+
+## A fascia is a removable extrusion that conceals the roll and the brackets on an exposed mount. A recessed pocket conceals the shade within the ceiling and, with a closure, hides the roll from below at every shade position. A cassette encloses the roll on all sides in a self-contained head. An exposed roll conceals nothing and leaves the tube and fabric roll in view. {note}
+
+## Unless the datasheet selects an exposed roll, the roll and its brackets shall be concealed by the selected fascia, pocket, or cassette.
+
+## The fascia profile shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Fascia Profile
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Square fascia"
+ - "L-shaped fascia open to the ceiling"
+ - "Curved fascia"
+default: manufacturer
+```
+
+## The finish of exposed fascia, brackets, hembars, channels, and track shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Exposed Hardware Finish
+type: select
+drawing_ref: "the finish schedule"
+options:
+ - "Clear anodized aluminum"
+ - "White painted"
+ - "Black painted"
+ - "Bronze painted"
+ - "Gray painted"
+ - "Custom color matched to a sample"
+ - "Fabric-wrapped"
+default: deferred
+```
+
+## The fascia depth shall be not less than the hardware manufacturer's published minimum for the tube and the rolled fabric at the full scheduled drop.
+
+## A recessed pocket shall be sized to the hardware manufacturer's published minimum clear opening for the tube, the rolled fabric at full drop, the brackets, and any closure, and shall provide access to remove the shade without cutting the ceiling.
+
+## Recessed pocket locations and dimensions shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the reflected ceiling plans and ceiling details]].
+
+## The pocket framing shall be coordinated with [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]] and [[sync/suspended-acoustical-ceilings]] so that the pocket is framed, closed, and finished before shades are installed.
+
+## A fascia across a bank of shades shall be continuous across the bank, or shall be jointed only at mullion lines.
+
+# Manual Operation {toc}
+
+## Manual Operator {toc}
+
+### The manual operator type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Manual Operator Type
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Continuous-loop bead chain clutch"
+ - "Spring-assisted bead chain clutch"
+ - "Crank operator with a detachable wand"
+ - "Cordless spring roller"
+default: "Continuous-loop bead chain clutch"
+```
+
+### A bead chain clutch holds the shade at any position and needs no spring adjustment, and it is the operator most of the commercial market runs on. A spring-assisted clutch adds a lift assist for shades whose fabric and hembar weight would otherwise need an unreasonable pull. A crank with a detachable wand removes the loop entirely at the cost of slower operation, and a cordless spring roller is operated at the hembar and suits only openings within reach. {note}
+
+### The bead chain material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Bead Chain Material
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Stainless steel bead chain"
+ - "Nickel-plated brass bead chain"
+ - "Plastic bead chain"
+```
+
+### A metal chain carries a heavier shade without stretching and holds its finish, and a plastic chain is quieter against a wall and is not cold to the hand. {note}
+
+### The clutch shall be rated by the hardware manufacturer for the weight of the fabric and hembar at the largest scheduled width and drop, and shall hold the shade at any intermediate position.
+
+### The chain loop shall reach the operating height established under the Accessible Operation section and shall not lie on the sill or the floor.
+
+## Cord Retention {toc}
+
+### The free loop of a bead chain is a strangulation hazard, and ANSI/WCMA A100.1 addresses it by requiring the loop of a custom corded product to be held under tension by a retention device fastened to the building so that no hazardous loop can form. {note}
+
+### Every continuous-loop chain shall be installed with the manufacturer's cord retention device fastened permanently to the wall, jamb, or sill so that the loop is held taut and cannot be pulled away to form a free loop.
+
+### The retention device shall be the device tested with the operator under ANSI/WCMA A100.1, and a field-improvised tie-off shall not be substituted for it.
+
+### Where the operator is designed so that the shade does not operate unless the retention device is mounted, that interlock shall not be defeated.
+
+### A crank wand, when detached, shall be stored on the hook provided at the opening.
+
+## Corded Operation Policy {toc}
+
+### Whether corded manual operation is permitted on the project shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Corded Manual Operation
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Permitted"
+ - "Not permitted"
+default: "Permitted"
+```
+
+### Where corded manual operation is permitted, every corded shade shall carry the retention device required under the Cord Retention article.
+
+### Where corded manual operation is not permitted, every manual shade shall use a cordless spring roller or a crank operator, or shall be motorized.
+
+### The residual hazard of a corded product is highest in a space occupied by young children, such as a childcare room, a pediatric patient room, or a dormitory, and that is the condition under which a project excludes corded operation rather than relying on the retention device alone. {note}
+
+### The Contractor shall not substitute a corded product at an opening the schedule designates as cordless or motorized.
+
+# Motorized Operation {toc}
+
+## Motor Power Source {toc}
+
+### The motor power source shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Motor Power Source
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Low-voltage DC motor from a Class 2 power supply"
+ - "Line-voltage 120 V AC motor"
+ - "Line-voltage 277 V AC motor"
+ - "Battery-powered motor with a rechargeable integral battery"
+ - "Power over Ethernet motor"
+```
+
+### A low-voltage motor is fed from a Class 2 supply through wiring that the shade installer can run without a line-voltage permit, is quiet, and is the motor most control systems are built around; it needs a power supply located within the wiring distance the manufacturer publishes. A line-voltage motor is stronger and suits large shades, and each motor is an electrical outlet requiring a branch circuit and an electrician. A battery motor needs no wiring and needs recharging on an interval set by its use. A Power over Ethernet motor takes power and control on one cable from a network switch, which suits a building already wired for it. {note}
+
+### Low-voltage power supplies shall be listed under UL 1310 as Class 2 power units, or shall be listed Class 2 outputs of a listed control panel.
+
+### Power supply locations shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the electrical drawings]].
+
+### The number of motors connected to one power supply shall not exceed the supply's rated capacity as published, and the loading calculation shall be submitted.
+
+### Line-voltage motors shall be fed from branch circuits provided under the electrical work as indicated on [[drawing: the electrical drawings]].
+
+### Where battery motors are selected, each motor shall be accessible for recharging without removing the shade, and the published cycles per charge shall be stated in the submittal.
+
+### Every motorized operator shall be listed under UL 325.
+
+### All wiring shall comply with NFPA 70, and radio-frequency devices shall comply with 47 CFR Part 15.
+
+### The responsibility for low-voltage shade power and control wiring shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Low-Voltage Shade Wiring Responsibility
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Furnished and installed under this standard"
+ - "Furnished and installed under the electrical work"
+```
+
+### The demarcation between this work and the electrical work shall be shown on the control riser, and the raceway serving shade power supplies shall be coordinated with [[sync/raceways-and-conduit]].
+
+## Motor Sound Level {toc}
+
+### The maximum sound level of a motor in operation shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Maximum Motor Sound Level at 3 ft
+type: range
+unit: dBA
+options:
+ min: 30
+ max: 55
+ setpoints: [30, 35, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 55]
+```
+
+### Where the datasheet leaves the sound level blank, the motor manufacturer's published sound level shall be reported in the submittal and no limit is imposed.
+
+### A motor that is inaudible in a lobby is audible in a conference room while a presentation is under way, and the quiet motors sold for that setting cost more and run slower, so the limit is set by the space rather than by the product. {note}
+
+## Motor Limits {toc}
+
+### Upper and lower travel limits shall be set for every motorized shade at commissioning so that the hembar stops at the head and at the sill positions the Architect designates.
+
+### Limit settings shall be recorded by shade mark and delivered with the closeout submittals.
+
+### Where the motor provides intermediate preset positions, the presets for each control zone shall be programmed as directed by the Architect and recorded.
+
+## Control Signal Topology {toc}
+
+### The control signal topology shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Control Signal Topology
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Wired low-voltage control bus"
+ - "Radio-frequency wireless"
+ - "Ethernet network"
+ - "Dry-contact or analog inputs from another control system"
+```
+
+### A wired bus is immune to the interference and the range limits of radio, and every device on it is a wiring drop. Radio control needs no control wiring and is the simpler retrofit, and its range is reduced by the metal studs, the ductwork, and the concrete the building is made of, so a repeater plan is part of the design. A networked motor addresses each shade on the building network and depends on that network being available. Dry-contact control makes the shade a slave to another system and offers no feedback. {note}
+
+### Where radio control is selected, the Contractor shall verify signal reception at every motor and control device before the ceilings are closed, and shall provide repeaters where reception is not reliable.
+
+## Control Integrations {toc}
+
+### The control devices and integrations provided shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Control Devices and Integrations
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Wall-mounted control stations"
+ - "Handheld remote transmitters"
+ - "Automated solar-tracking and daylight control by the shade control system"
+ - "Interface to the lighting control system"
+ - "Interface to the building automation system"
+ - "Interface to an audiovisual control system"
+ - "Occupancy sensor input"
+default:
+ - "Wall-mounted control stations"
+```
+
+### The protocol of the building automation interface shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Building Automation Interface Protocol
+type: select
+options:
+ - "BACnet/IP"
+ - "BACnet MS/TP"
+ - "Modbus TCP"
+ - "Modbus RTU"
+ - "Dry-contact interface"
+ - "Manufacturer application programming interface over IP"
+```
+
+### Where an interface to the lighting control or building automation system is selected, this work shall provide the motors, the shade-side controllers, the gateway, and a documented point list, and the sequences that command the shades shall be the work of [[sync/lighting-controls]] or [[sync/building-automation-system]].
+
+### An automated solar-tracking sequence positions each zone by the sun's computed angle on that facade, and a daylight sequence positions it by a measured light level. The first needs no sensor and never reacts to a cloud; the second reacts to conditions and needs a sensor whose view of the sky is kept clear. {note}
+
+### Wall-mounted control stations shall be located as indicated on [[drawing: the electrical drawings]].
+
+## Control Zones {toc}
+
+### Motorized shades shall be grouped into control zones as indicated on [[drawing: the contract documents]].
+
+### Shades within one zone shall respond to a single command and shall stop at the same height within the tolerance stated under Testing.
+
+### A zone is the unit an occupant commands, and a bank of shades that shares one solar condition and one room is commanded as one zone so that the facade reads as one element and no occupant is left with a single shade out of step with the rest. {note}
+
+# Dual-Roller Shades {toc}
+
+## The fabric pairing on dual-roller assemblies shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Dual-Roller Fabric Pairing
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Solar screen shade with blackout shade"
+ - "Solar screen shade with room-darkening shade"
+ - "Two solar screen shades of different openness"
+default: "Solar screen shade with blackout shade"
+```
+
+## The bracket arrangement of dual-roller assemblies shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Dual-Roller Bracket Arrangement
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Single dual bracket carrying both tubes"
+ - "Two independent brackets stacked front and back"
+```
+
+## A dual bracket carries both tubes on one mounting at a fixed spacing and a single fascia depth, and is the arrangement the hardware manufacturers publish pocket and fascia dimensions for. Two stacked brackets let the two shades be mounted at different planes, which an offset head condition can require, at the cost of a deeper pocket and two sets of anchorage. {note}
+
+## Each shade of a dual-roller assembly shall be operated independently of the other.
+
+## Where one shade of a dual-roller assembly is motorized, both shall be motorized unless the schedule indicates otherwise for that opening.
+
+## The pocket, fascia, and bracket projection at a dual-roller assembly shall be sized for both rolls at full drop.
+
+# Draperies and Track {toc}
+
+## Track and Operation {toc}
+
+### Drapery track shall be extruded aluminum architectural track with carriers, end stops, and master carriers rated by the track manufacturer for the weight of the scheduled drapery at the scheduled fullness.
+
+### The drapery track operation shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Drapery Track Operation
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Hand-drawn with a baton"
+ - "Cord-drawn traverse"
+ - "Motorized traverse"
+```
+
+### A cord-drawn traverse track is a corded window covering under ANSI/WCMA A100.1 and shall be installed with the cord retention provisions of that standard and of the Cord Retention article.
+
+### The draw configuration of each drapery shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Drapery Draw Configuration
+type: select
+drawing_ref: "the window treatment schedule"
+options:
+ - "Center opening"
+ - "One-way draw"
+default: deferred
+```
+
+### Stack-back position and dimension for each drapery shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the window treatment schedule]].
+
+### A drapery that stacks over the glass reduces the daylight opening by the stack width, and a drapery that stacks past the jamb needs wall beyond the opening to stack onto, so the stack-back is decided at each opening with the elevation in view. {note}
+
+## Heading, Fullness, and Lining {toc}
+
+### The drapery heading style shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Drapery Heading Style
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Ripplefold"
+ - "Pinch pleat"
+ - "Box pleat"
+ - "Inverted pleat"
+ - "Pencil pleat"
+ - "Grommet"
+ - "Flat panel"
+```
+
+### The fullness ratio of the drapery fabric width to the track width shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Drapery Fullness Ratio
+type: range
+unit: ratio
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 3
+ setpoints: [1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.5, 3]
+```
+
+### Fullness is the fabric folded into the finished width, and it decides both the appearance and the stack. A ripplefold heading runs at a fullness set by its snap tape and carrier spacing, while a pleated heading is sewn to whatever fullness the fabric allows, so the ratio and the heading are chosen together. {note}
+
+### The drapery lining shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Drapery Lining
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Unlined"
+ - "Lined"
+ - "Blackout lined"
+ - "Lined and interlined"
+```
+
+### A lining protects the face fabric from sun and gives the building a uniform appearance from outside; a blackout lining makes the drapery opaque; an interlining adds a soft layer that improves the drape and the thermal and acoustic value of the assembly at the cost of weight the track has to carry. {note}
+
+### Drapery fabric for each opening shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the finish schedule]].
+
+### Every layer of the drapery assembly shall meet the flame propagation requirement of this standard, tested as the assembly.
+
+# Mounting and Light Control {toc}
+
+## Mounting Condition {toc}
+
+### The mounting condition at each opening shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Mounting Condition
+type: select
+drawing_ref: "the window treatment schedule"
+options:
+ - "Inside jamb mount"
+ - "Outside mount on the wall face"
+ - "Outside mount on the mullion face"
+ - "Ceiling or soffit mount"
+default: deferred
+```
+
+### An inside mount sets the shade within the reveal for the cleanest relationship to the window and leaves a light gap at each jamb equal to the bracket deduction. An outside mount oversizes the shade past the opening to overlap the wall or mullion and closes that gap, at the cost of a larger visible shade and a projection into the room. A ceiling or soffit mount hangs the shade from above and is the mount a recessed pocket uses. {note}
+
+### The mounting condition shall be coordinated with the jamb, mullion, and head construction of the opening, and the Contractor shall report an opening whose construction cannot receive the scheduled mount to the Architect before fabrication.
+
+## Light Gap at Inside Mounts {toc}
+
+### The maximum light gap at each jamb of an inside-mounted shade shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Maximum Light Gap per Side at Inside Mounts
+type: range
+unit: in.
+options:
+ min: 0.25
+ max: 1
+ setpoints: [0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.625, 0.75, 1]
+```
+
+### Where the datasheet leaves the gap blank, the hardware manufacturer's published bracket deduction for the selected operator shall govern.
+
+### The gap between the fabric edge and the jamb is set by the width the bracket and clutch or motor occupy, and it cannot be reduced below that deduction without the fabric rubbing the jamb. The deduction differs between a clutch and a motor, so a mixed manual and motorized bank shows two gap widths unless the hardware is selected to equalize them. {note}
+
+### The light gap shall be measured from the fabric edge to the jamb face at the mid-height of the opening, and the gap at the two jambs of one shade shall not differ by more than 1/8 in.
+
+## Outside Mount Overlap {toc}
+
+### The overlap of an outside-mounted shade past each side of the opening shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Outside Mount Overlap per Side
+type: range
+unit: in.
+drawing_ref: "the window treatment details"
+options:
+ min: 0.5
+ max: 6
+ setpoints: [0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6]
+```
+
+### A larger overlap closes the side light path more completely and covers an out-of-square opening, and it also widens the shade past what the eye reads as the window. {note}
+
+## Perimeter Light-Control Channels {toc}
+
+### The perimeter channels provided at room-darkening and blackout shades shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Perimeter Light-Control Channels
+type: select
+drawing_ref: "the window treatment schedule"
+options:
+ - "No perimeter channels"
+ - "Side channels at both jambs"
+ - "Side channels at both jambs and a sill channel"
+```
+
+### A side channel captures the fabric edge and blocks the light path at the jamb, and a sill channel captures the hembar and closes the bottom. Together with a closed head they make the darkening the opaque fabric promises, and without them a blackout shade leaves a bright frame of light around itself. A solar screen shade gains nothing from channels, because light passes through its weave regardless. {note}
+
+### Where channels are selected, the fabric edges shall run within the channels over the full travel without binding, and the channels shall be light-tight to the jamb and sill.
+
+### Where channels are selected, the head shall be closed by a fascia, cassette, or pocket closure that blocks light between the roll and the head.
+
+### The Contractor shall not represent a blackout shade installed without perimeter channels as achieving full darkening.
+
+### Channel details and the resulting overlap onto the wall shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the window treatment details]].
+
+## Banks and Mullion Alignment {toc}
+
+### Where shades occur in a bank across a glazed facade, the shades, brackets, fascia, and hembars shall align with the window mullions and with each other so that the bank reads as one element.
+
+### Adjacent bands in a bank shall align in height at every stopped position, and the gap between bands shall be consistent across the bank within 1/8 in.
+
+### Mullion locations shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the window elevations]].
+
+# Accessible Operation {toc}
+
+## The provision for operation at openings on an accessible route shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Accessible Operation Provision
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Manual operator within the reach range and operable with one hand"
+ - "Motorized operation with a wall control within the reach range"
+```
+
+## Where the adopted accessibility code requires the operable parts at an opening to be accessible, the chain, wand, or control shall be located within the reach range ICC A117.1 and the 2010 ADA Standards establish for the approach at that opening, and shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist.
+
+## A bead chain loop meets the reach requirement only where its retention device places the loop within the reach range, and a crank wand meets it only while the wand is stored where it can be reached. Motorized operation with a wall control at switch height meets it directly, and is the reason motorization is selected at openings whose head is beyond reach. {note}
+
+## The openings designated accessible shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the accessibility plans]].
+
+# Testing {toc}
+
+## The field demonstrations performed before acceptance shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Field Demonstrations Required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Full-travel operation of every manual shade"
+ - "Straight fabric tracking without telescoping"
+ - "Cord retention device installed and fastened at every corded shade"
+ - "Upper and lower limits set at every motorized shade"
+ - "Level deployment of every control zone"
+ - "Control device and integration response by zone"
+ - "Perimeter light seal at every channeled opening"
+ - "Full travel of every drapery on its track"
+default:
+ - "Full-travel operation of every manual shade"
+ - "Straight fabric tracking without telescoping"
+ - "Cord retention device installed and fastened at every corded shade"
+ - "Upper and lower limits set at every motorized shade"
+ - "Level deployment of every control zone"
+```
+
+## The Contractor shall operate every manual shade through its full travel in the presence of the Architect and demonstrate that the clutch holds at intermediate positions and that the fabric tracks without rubbing the jamb.
+
+## Fabric shall not drift laterally on the tube by more than 1/8 in. over one full lowering and raising, and where the parties disagree whether a shade is telescoping the Architect shall make the initial determination.
+
+## The Contractor shall demonstrate at every corded shade that the retention device is fastened to the building and holds the loop taut.
+
+## The Contractor shall operate every motorized shade from each control device that commands it and demonstrate correct direction, the commissioned upper and lower limits, and operation within the sound level selected.
+
+## Shades within one control zone shall stop within 1/4 in. of the same height at every commanded position.
+
+## Where an interface to the lighting control or building automation system is provided, the Contractor shall demonstrate each zone's response to a command from that system with a representative of that system present.
+
+## Where perimeter channels are provided, the Contractor shall demonstrate the darkening achieved at a representative channeled opening with the room lights off.
+
+## A shade that fails a demonstration shall be corrected and demonstrated again, and the cost of the correction and of the repeated demonstration shall be borne by the Contractor.
+
+# Installation {toc}
+
+## Anchorage and Blocking {toc}
+
+### The operating load, the weight of a wide shade, and the handling the shade receives in service pull a fastener set in gypsum board alone out of the wall, and blocking behind the board cannot be added after the wall or ceiling is closed without opening it. {note}
+
+### Brackets, mounting extrusions, fascia, pockets, channels, retention devices, and drapery track shall be fastened to blocking, backing, framing, or structure.
+
+### Blocking and backing for window treatments shall be installed during framing under [[sync/rough-carpentry]] and [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]] at the locations shown on the shop drawings.
+
+### The Contractor shall confirm the blocking locations against the shop drawings before the wall and ceiling substrates are closed, and shall report a missing or misplaced block to the Architect before closure.
+
+### Anchorage at openings where no backing exists shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Anchorage Where No Backing Exists
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Hollow-wall anchors permitted with the Architect's acceptance"
+ - "Hollow-wall anchors not permitted"
+```
+
+### Where hollow-wall anchors are not permitted, backing shall be added and the substrate closed before the bracket is installed.
+
+### Where hollow-wall anchors are permitted, each anchor shall be rated by its manufacturer in the substrate present for not less than four times the operating load at that bracket, and the anchor type shall be identified on the shop drawings for the Architect's acceptance.
+
+### An existing wall in a renovation, and a wall on which the blocking was not placed, present the same problem, and the two answers differ in cost and in the certainty of the result. A rated anchor set correctly in a substrate it was rated for carries a light shade for the life of the building; the same anchor in a substrate it was not rated for does not, and the failure is not visible until the shade comes down. {note}
+
+## Sequence and Protection {toc}
+
+### Window treatments shall be installed after the ceilings, the wall finishes, the glazing, and the principal dust-generating work in the space are complete.
+
+### Where the schedule requires shades to be installed before that work is complete, they shall be kept in their protective packaging or covered in place until the work is complete.
+
+### Shades and draperies shall be installed level and plumb, at the mounting condition scheduled, in accordance with the hardware manufacturer's published instructions.
+
+### Fabric shall be handled with clean hands or gloves, and a fabric that has been soiled, creased, or kinked during installation shall be replaced rather than cleaned in place.
+
+### Soils and oils are difficult to remove from a shade fabric, and an abrasive or solvent cleaning the fabric manufacturer has not approved damages the weave, the coating, or the color. {note}
+
+## Cleaning {toc}
+
+### At completion the Contractor shall clean every fabric by the fabric manufacturer's approved method and shall remove packaging, labels, and debris from the work.
+
+### A cleaning method the fabric manufacturer has not approved shall not be used on any fabric under this standard.
+
+# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
+
+## Shades, draperies, and hardware shall be delivered in the manufacturer's protective packaging with each item labeled by its opening mark.
+
+## Shades shall be delivered to the site not earlier than the point in the construction sequence at which the spaces receiving them are ready to receive and protect them.
+
+## Shades and fabric rolls shall be stored indoors in a clean, dry, conditioned space, flat or upright as the manufacturer directs, off the floor, and away from moisture, direct sunlight, and construction traffic.
+
+## Fabric shall not be stored where it can be crushed, kinked, or soiled, and a roll that has been stood on its end or has had material stacked on it shall be inspected for creasing before installation.
+
+## Motors, power supplies, and control devices shall be stored within the temperature and humidity limits published for them.
+
+## Items damaged in transit, in storage, or in handling shall be replaced rather than repaired unless the Architect accepts a specific repair in writing.
+
+# Warranty {toc}
+
+## The fabric shall be warranted against defects in material and against fading beyond the lightfastness basis established under this standard for the period indicated in the datasheet, measured from the date of substantial completion.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Fabric Warranty Period
+type: range
+unit: years
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 25
+ setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 25]
+```
+
+## The manual operating hardware, including the clutch, tube, brackets, and hembar, shall be warranted against defects in material and workmanship for the period indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Manual Hardware Warranty Period
+type: range
+unit: years
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 25
+ setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 25]
+```
+
+## Where the hardware manufacturer's standard warranty on manual hardware is a limited lifetime term, that term satisfies any period selected in the datasheet.
+
+## The motors, power supplies, and control components shall be warranted against defects in material and workmanship for the period indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Motor and Control Warranty Period
+type: range
+unit: years
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 10
+ setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10]
+default: 5
+```
+
+## The Contractor shall warrant the installation, including level and aligned mounting, secure anchorage, correct cord retention device installation, and correct limit setting and zoning of motorized work, for the period indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Installation Warranty Period
+type: range
+unit: years
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 5
+ setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5]
+default: 1
+```
+
+## Where the contract documents state a longer warranty period than the datasheet, the longer period shall govern.
+
+## A warranty correction shall include removal and reinstallation of the affected shade, replacement of fabric that cannot be matched within the same dye lot across a bank, and repair of finishes damaged in gaining access, at no cost to the Owner.
+
+## Work performed under this warranty shall itself be warranted for a full new term equal to the original period measured from the date the correction is completed, or for the remainder of the original period, whichever ends later.
+
+## The warranty shall exclude damage from abuse, from a cleaning method the fabric manufacturer has not approved, and from operation outside the manufacturer's instructions.
+
+# Spare Parts {toc}
+
+## The Contractor shall deliver attic stock of each scheduled fabric in each scheduled color in the quantity indicated in the datasheet, and shall obtain a signed receipt for it.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Fabric Attic Stock as a Percentage of Installed Area
+type: range
+unit: '%'
+options:
+ min: 0
+ max: 10
+ setpoints: [0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10]
+```
+
+## Attic stock of a fabric is cut from the same dye lot as the installed shades, and a shade replaced later from a new lot can differ visibly from its neighbors in a bank, which is what the attic stock exists to prevent. {note}
+
+## The Contractor shall deliver the spare hardware and control items indicated in the datasheet to the Owner before the work is accepted, and shall obtain a signed receipt for them.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Spare Hardware and Control Items
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "One spare clutch of each type and size"
+ - "Spare bead chain and retention devices"
+ - "One spare motor of each type and size"
+ - "One spare power supply of each type"
+ - "Spare wall control stations and handheld transmitters"
+ - "Configuration software, programming tool, and credentials"
+```
+
+## Spare parts shall be the same make and model as the installed items and shall be delivered in their original unopened packaging, labeled with the shade type and the opening marks they serve.
+
+## Where the motorized system is configured through software, the credentials and the configuration file required to reprogram every motor and control device shall be turned over to the Owner with the spare parts.