Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
---
title: Windows
…89 unchanged lines
- Frame finish samples on actual substrate
- Hardware schedule by window type
−default: [Product data with NAFS designation and PG, Shop drawings with flashing sequence, NFRC ratings (U-factor, SHGC, VT, air leakage), Glazing schedule (IGU makeup, low-e, gas, spacer), Frame finish samples on actual substrate, Hardware schedule by window type]
+default:
+ - "Product data with NAFS designation and PG"
+ - "Shop drawings with flashing sequence"
+ - "NFRC ratings (U-factor, SHGC, VT, air leakage)"
+ - "Glazing schedule (IGU makeup, low-e, gas, spacer)"
+ - "Frame finish samples on actual substrate"
+ - "Hardware schedule by window type"
```
…13 unchanged lines
- Manufacturer approval of flashing details
- AAMA 501.2 field water test reports
−default: [NAFS test reports (structural, air, water), Manufacturer installation instructions, Manufacturer approval of flashing details]
+default:
+ - "NAFS test reports (structural, air, water)"
+ - "Manufacturer installation instructions"
+ - "Manufacturer approval of flashing details"
```
…10 unchanged lines
- Operation and maintenance data
- Finish and glazing cleaning instructions
−default: [Executed warranties (unit, glazing, finish), Operation and maintenance data, Finish and glazing cleaning instructions]
+default:
+ - "Executed warranties (unit, glazing, finish)"
+ - "Operation and maintenance data"
+ - "Finish and glazing cleaning instructions"
```
…46 unchanged lines
```
−## The Performance Grade (PG) sets the design pressure the unit must resist and shall be derived from a project-specific wind analysis, not assumed. {note}
+## The Performance Grade (PG) sets the design pressure the unit must resist and shall be derived from a project-specific wind analysis, not assumed.
−## Performance Grade is the design pressure in pounds per square foot (psf) that the unit is tested to resist per ASTM E330, with the water test conducted at 15% of that pressure as a minimum. PG 15 is the residential default; PG 30 is a common light-commercial value; PG 40 and above suit architectural and coastal exposures. The grade must come from an ASCE 7 wind analysis that gives design pressures zone by zone across the elevation, because corner and parapet zones see higher pressures than the field of the wall. {note}
−
−## The design pressure for each window type shall be determined by the Engineer of Record from an ASCE 7 wind analysis and shown on the drawings by wind zone. [[drawing: window wind-zone pressure schedule]]
−
−## Specifying a residential-default Performance Grade on a commercial or high-exposure building leaves the units undersized for the actual wind load and is a frequent source of structural and water failures. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Performance Grade (design pressure)
…11 unchanged lines
```
+## Performance Grade is the design pressure in pounds per square foot (psf) that the unit is tested to resist per ASTM E330, with the water test conducted at 15% of that pressure as a minimum. PG 15 is the residential default; PG 30 is a common light-commercial value; PG 40 and above suit architectural and coastal exposures. The grade must come from an ASCE 7 wind analysis that gives design pressures zone by zone across the elevation, because corner and parapet zones see higher pressures than the field of the wall. {note}
+
+## The design pressure for each window type shall be determined by the Engineer of Record from an ASCE 7 wind analysis and shown on the drawings by wind zone. [[drawing: window wind-zone pressure schedule]]
+
+## Specifying a residential-default Performance Grade on a commercial or high-exposure building leaves the units undersized for the actual wind load and is a frequent source of structural and water failures. {note}
+
## The water penetration resistance test pressure shall be not less than 15% of the design pressure, and shall be increased for coastal, high-rise, or wind-driven-rain-exposed elevations.
…30 unchanged lines
```
−## Vinyl-framed units shall not be specified above approximately 1.5 m (5 ft) in width or above Performance Grade 40 without the manufacturer's documented test evidence at the required size and grade. {note}
+## Vinyl-framed units shall not be specified above approximately 1.5 m (5 ft) in width or above Performance Grade 40 without the manufacturer's documented test evidence at the required size and grade.
## Vinyl creeps and bows under thermal cycling, and large vinyl frames lose stiffness as they heat. Pushing vinyl beyond roughly 5 ft wide or beyond PG 40 invites sash binding, air and water infiltration, and warranty disputes. Large or high-grade commercial openings should use aluminum, fiberglass, or composite frames. {note}
…21 unchanged lines
```
−## The frame depth shall be coordinated with the wall section so that the frame, nailing flange or pocket, and interior/exterior trim resolve without modification. {note}
+## The frame depth shall be coordinated with the wall section so that the frame, nailing flange or pocket, and interior/exterior trim resolve without modification.
−## Thermally broken commercial aluminum frames are commonly 83-114 mm (3.25-4.5 in) deep. The frame depth must match the wall assembly thickness, the WRB plane, and the trim conditions shown in the wall section, or the units will not align with the cladding and interior finish. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Frame depth
…5 unchanged lines
```
+## Thermally broken commercial aluminum frames are commonly 83-114 mm (3.25-4.5 in) deep. The frame depth must match the wall assembly thickness, the WRB plane, and the trim conditions shown in the wall section, or the units will not align with the cladding and interior finish. {note}
+
# Thermal and Energy Performance {toc}
…39 unchanged lines
## The NAFS standard limit for R and LC classes is 0.30 cfm/ft² at 1.57 psf; AW and CW units, and energy-sensitive projects, are commonly specified at 0.10 cfm/ft². Air leakage is the difference between a window that meets a blower-door target and one that does not, so it should be specified explicitly rather than left to the class minimum. {note}
+## The maximum air leakage rate shall be specified explicitly rather than left to the NAFS class minimum, selected for the project's performance and energy requirements.
+
```datasheet
label: Maximum air leakage (ASTM E283 at 1.57 psf)
…7 unchanged lines
```
−## Condensation resistance shall be specified for cold-climate and high-humidity-interior projects, because a low U-factor alone does not guarantee a warm interior glass and frame surface. {note}
+## Condensation resistance shall be specified for cold-climate and high-humidity-interior projects, because a low U-factor alone does not guarantee a warm interior glass and frame surface.
−## The Condensation Resistance rating (NFRC 500, range 1-100, higher is better) predicts how well the warmest interior surfaces resist condensation. A U-factor-only specification can still allow cold frame edges that sweat or frost in Climate Zone 5 and above, or in natatoriums, pools, and hospitals where interior humidity is high. Specify a minimum CR for those conditions. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Minimum Condensation Resistance (NFRC 500)
…5 unchanged lines
```
+## The Condensation Resistance rating (NFRC 500, range 1-100, higher is better) predicts how well the warmest interior surfaces resist condensation. A U-factor-only specification can still allow cold frame edges that sweat or frost in Climate Zone 5 and above, or in natatoriums, pools, and hospitals where interior humidity is high. Specify a minimum CR for those conditions. {note}
+
# Glazing {toc}
…61 unchanged lines
```
−## Fall-prevention or sash-limiting devices shall be provided on operable windows where required by code for the sill height and floor level above grade. {note}
+## Fall-prevention or sash-limiting devices shall be provided on operable windows where required by code for the sill height and floor level above grade.
−## Operable windows with low sills on upper floors can present a fall hazard, and many codes require window opening control devices or limited initial openings on floors above the ground level. The limiting device must still allow the window to reach its full egress opening when released, so the hardware must be selected to satisfy both the fall-prevention limit and the egress opening. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Fall-prevention / opening control device
…6 unchanged lines
```
+## Operable windows with low sills on upper floors can present a fall hazard, and many codes require window opening control devices or limited initial openings on floors above the ground level. The limiting device must still allow the window to reach its full egress opening when released, so the hardware must be selected to satisfy both the fall-prevention limit and the egress opening. {note}
+
# Impact Resistance {toc}
…51 unchanged lines
## Operating hardware shall be the manufacturer's standard for the operating type, finished to match the window, and rated for the unit's cycle life and Performance Grade.
−## Casement and awning units shall be furnished with corrosion-resistant operators and multi-point locking that draws the sash tight against the weatherstrip across its full height.
−
−## Sliding and hung units shall be furnished with cam locks or sweep locks that compress the meeting-rail weatherstrip, and with balance or roller systems rated for the sash weight.
−
−## Sill drainage (weep) paths shall be provided and shall remain clear so that water reaching the sill track drains to the exterior. {note}
−
−## Operable units collect water in the sill track. Concealed weep slots must drain that water out the face of the unit; if they are blocked by sealant during installation, water backs up and enters the wall. The drainage path is part of the unit and must be protected during glazing and setting. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Hardware finish
…9 unchanged lines
```
+## Casement and awning units shall be furnished with corrosion-resistant operators and multi-point locking that draws the sash tight against the weatherstrip across its full height.
+
+## Sliding and hung units shall be furnished with cam locks or sweep locks that compress the meeting-rail weatherstrip, and with balance or roller systems rated for the sash weight.
+
+## Sill drainage (weep) paths shall be provided and shall remain clear so that water reaching the sill track drains to the exterior.
+
+## Operable units collect water in the sill track. Concealed weep slots must drain that water out the face of the unit; if they are blocked by sealant during installation, water backs up and enters the wall. The drainage path is part of the unit and must be protected during glazing and setting. {note}
+
# Installation {toc}
…8 unchanged lines
## Reverse-lapping of the head flashing shall be prohibited.
−## The window-to-wall interface shall be sealed and insulated so that the rough opening framing and subsill do not become a thermal bridge that defeats the thermally broken frame. {note}
+## The window-to-wall interface shall be sealed and insulated so that the rough opening framing and subsill do not become a thermal bridge that defeats the thermally broken frame.
## A thermally broken frame loses much of its value if the surrounding rough opening is uninsulated. The shim space must be insulated (low-expansion foam or mineral wool, not a rigid pack that distorts the frame), and the subsill should include a thermal break. The interior air seal and exterior weather seal are separate planes and both must be continuous. {note}
…26 unchanged lines
```
−## Factory-glazed and field-glazed units shall not be intermixed within a single submittal without a clear designation of which units ship glazed and which are glazed on site. {note}
+## Factory-glazed and field-glazed units shall not be intermixed within a single submittal without a clear designation of which units ship glazed and which are glazed on site.
## Large fixed lites are sometimes shipped with the glass separate and glazed in the opening to manage weight and breakage. A factory-glazed unit and a field-glazed unit warranty and behave differently, so the submittal must state which units are which to avoid schedule and warranty confusion. {note}
…11 unchanged lines
## The manufacturer shall warrant the window units against defects in materials and workmanship for the scheduled period.
−## The insulating glass units shall be warranted against seal failure, including fogging and gas loss, for the scheduled period.
−
−## The exterior frame finish shall be warranted against chalk, fade, and adhesion loss for the period associated with its AAMA finish class. {note}
−
−## AAMA 2605 finishes carry a long exterior warranty, commonly on the order of ten to twenty years against fade and chalk, while AAMA 2604 and 2603 carry shorter periods. The finish warranty period should match the finish class specified and the exposure of the elevation. {note}
−
```datasheet
label: Window unit warranty period
…8 unchanged lines
```
+## The insulating glass units shall be warranted against seal failure, including fogging and gas loss, for the scheduled period.
+
```datasheet
label: Insulating glass seal warranty period
…7 unchanged lines
```
+## The exterior frame finish shall be warranted against chalk, fade, and adhesion loss for the period associated with its AAMA finish class. {note}
+
+## AAMA 2605 finishes carry a long exterior warranty, commonly on the order of ten to twenty years against fade and chalk, while AAMA 2604 and 2603 carry shorter periods. The finish warranty period should match the finish class specified and the exposure of the elevation. {note}
+
+## The exterior finish warranty period shall be specified, matched to the AAMA finish class and elevation exposure of the window units.
+
```datasheet
label: Exterior finish warranty period
…30 unchanged lines
step: 1
```