SYNC™

SynC · Editorial revision

HVAC Instrumentation and Control Devices

Revision4
EditedOct 12, 2026
StatusCurrent
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Current revision. This is editorial revision 4, the current text of this standard. Read it on the standard's page.

SynC Standards Team — Specifier (Platform Standards) ✓ OfficialDiscloses employment SynC (SynC Platform Team)
Datasheet constraints: every range, checkbox and listbox field now states its direction

1 Scope

NOTE This standard covers the field devices of the building automation system: the instruments that measure a condition, the switches that prove a state, the thermostats that control unitary equipment, the control valves that vary coil and heat exchanger flow, and the actuators that move dampers and valves. It begins at the field controller's terminal strip and extends outward to the point of measurement or actuation. (1.1)
NOTE The building automation system standard owns the system-level decisions about these devices, and this standard does not restate them. The following are selected under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system and apply to every device furnished here. (1.2)
  • The temperature sensing element, the maximum combined measurement error for temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, pressure, and airflow, and the sensor operating band within the sensor range
  • Carbon dioxide measurement technology, range, and the automatic background calibration policy
  • Duct static and hydronic pressure sensor ranges, and the airflow measurement technology
  • The modulating control signal, the fail-safe mechanism for each damper and valve class, the damper actuator torque margin, and the valve close-off basis
  • Control wiring practices, the labeling method, point naming, calibration reference traceability, and the field functional testing scope
NOTE What remains for this standard is the device itself: its housing and occupant interface, its probe, well, shield, or manifold, its supply and output, whether it is wired or wireless, the switches that report status and protect equipment, the interposing relays between controller and equipment, the control valve body and its sizing, the actuator hardware features, the pneumatic devices and control air of a retained pneumatic system, the enclosure rating for its location, and the device-level tests that prove each one before the system is functionally tested. (1.3)
NOTE The following are outside this standard and are governed elsewhere. (1.4)
  • Sequences of operation, which are published on the contract drawings and in the equipment standards
  • Pressure-independent control valves furnished as a hydronic specialty complete with their actuator, governed by Hydronic SpecialtiesHydronic SpecialtiesResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/hydronic-specialties
  • The compressor, dryer, receiver, and main distribution that produce and deliver control air, governed by Compressed Air SystemsCompressed Air SystemsResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/compressed-air-systems
  • Damper frames, blades, seals, and leakage class, governed by Louvers And DampersLouvers and DampersResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/louvers-and-dampers, and fire, smoke, and combination dampers together with their listed actuators, governed by Fire And Smoke DampersFire and Smoke DampersResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/fire-and-smoke-dampers
  • Duct smoke detectors, governed by Fire Alarm SystemsFire Alarm SystemsResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/fire-alarm-systems
  • Refrigerant, carbon monoxide, and combustible gas detection, governed by Gas Detection SystemsGas Detection SystemsResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/gas-detection-systems
  • Process-grade pressure, level, and temperature instruments, governed by Process InstrumentationProcess InstrumentationResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/process-instrumentation, and modulating process control valves, governed by Control Valves And ActuatorsControl Valves and ActuatorsResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/control-valves-and-actuators
  • Instrument-grade airflow and water-flow measurement performed by the balancing agency, governed by Testing Adjusting And BalancingTesting, Adjusting, and Balancing for HVACResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/testing-adjusting-and-balancing
  • Control conductors, cable, and raceway, governed by Conductors And CablesConductors and CablesResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/conductors-and-cables and Raceways And ConduitRaceways and ConduitResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/raceways-and-conduit
1.5 Field devices shall be furnished, installed, and tested by the controls contractor responsible for the building automation system under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
1.6 The devices furnished shall provide every hardware input and output required by the points list.
1.7 Device locations shall be as indicated on the controls drawings.
1.8 Where a device required by the points list is not located on the controls drawings, the Contractor shall request its location from the Engineer in writing before roughing in the wiring that serves it.

2 Referenced Standards

2.1 Equipment, materials, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
2.2 Where the contract documents, the adopted building code, or a referenced standard conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
Standard Title
ANSI/ASHRAE 135 BACnet - A Data Communication Protocol for Building Automation and Control Networks
ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1 Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1 Energy Standard for Sites and Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
ANSI/ASHRAE Guideline 13 Specifying Building Automation Systems
ANSI/ASHRAE Guideline 36 High-Performance Sequences of Operation for HVAC Systems
ANSI/ISA-5.1 Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
ANSI/ISA-7.0.01 Quality Standard for Instrument Air
ANSI/ISA-75.01.01 Industrial-Process Control Valves: Flow Capacity, Sizing Equations for Fluid Flow Under Installed Conditions
ANSI/FCI 70-2 Control Valve Seat Leakage
ASME B16.34 Valves: Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End
ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (Article 725 - Class 2 and Class 3 circuits)
NFPA 90A Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems
UL 916 Energy Management Equipment
UL 873 Temperature-Indicating and -Regulating Equipment
UL 353 Limit Controls
UL 508 Industrial Control Equipment
UL 60730-1 Automatic Electrical Controls - General Requirements
UL 60730-2-9 Automatic Electrical Controls - Particular Requirements for Temperature Sensing Controls
UL 50E Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, Environmental Considerations
UL 1203 Explosion-Proof and Dust-Ignition-Proof Electrical Equipment for Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations
NEMA 250 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)
NEMA DC 3 Residential Controls - Low Voltage Room Thermostats
ANSI/AMCA 500-D Laboratory Methods of Testing Dampers for Rating
47 CFR Part 15 Radio Frequency Devices (Subpart C - intentional radiators)

3 Submittals

3.1 Action Submittals

3.1.1 The Contractor shall submit the following for the Engineer's review and return before any field device is procured or installed:
  • Product data for each sensor, transmitter, switch, thermostat, and actuator model, giving range, accuracy, supply voltage, output signal, enclosure rating, and rated ambient conditions
  • Device schedule listing each device by the point name assigned under the building automation system, with its service, location, range, output signal, and enclosure rating
  • Insertion schedule giving the probe length, averaging element length, thermowell insertion length, and the duct or pipe size at each duct-mounted and pipe-mounted sensor
  • Actuator selection schedule listing each damper and valve with the actuator model, the torque or close-off rating, the fail-safe mechanism, the auxiliary switches, and the position feedback furnished
  • Damper actuator torque calculation for each damper, using the damper manufacturer's published close-off torque at the maximum differential pressure across the damper and the torque margin selected under the building automation system
  • Control valve schedule giving, for each control valve, the service, design flow, calculated and selected flow coefficient, pressure drop at design flow, valve authority, body type and size, end connections, body pressure rating, and seat leakage class
  • Status and safety switch schedule giving each switch's type, trip setting, reset action, and the circuit it interrupts
  • Mounting details for space sensors, duct sensors, pipe sensors, outdoor sensors, and pressure pickups
  • Wireless gateway and repeater plan where wireless sensors are furnished
  • Pneumatic device data and control air tubing layout where pneumatic control devices are furnished
  • Sample of each space sensor and thermostat housing offered for occupied spaces, for finish review
Required Action Submittalscheckbox
☑ Product data for each device model
☑ Device schedule keyed to the building automation system point names
☑ Insertion schedule for duct and pipe sensors
☑ Actuator selection schedule
☑ Damper actuator torque calculations
☑ Control valve schedule
☑ Status and safety switch schedule with trip settings
☑ Mounting details
☐ Wireless gateway and repeater plan
☐ Pneumatic device data and tubing layout
☐ Space sensor and thermostat housing samples
3.1.2 Where a space sensor or thermostat housing is offered in more than one finish, the Architect shall select the finish from the submitted samples before the devices are procured.
3.1.3 The device schedule and the actuator selection schedule shall be submitted together with the point list required under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system so that each device can be checked against the point it serves.

3.2 Informational Submittals

3.2.1 The Contractor shall submit the following for information before device installation begins:
  • Manufacturer's installation instructions for each device model
  • Factory calibration certificates for the device classes selected under Testing
  • Signal compatibility verification listing each device output against the controller input on which it terminates
  • Radio frequency site survey results where wireless sensors are furnished
Required Informational Submittalscheckbox
☑ Manufacturer's installation instructions
☑ Factory calibration certificates for the selected device classes
☑ Signal compatibility verification
☐ Radio frequency site survey results

3.3 Closeout Submittals

3.3.1 The Contractor shall submit the following before the field devices are accepted:
  • As-installed device schedule reconciled to the record controls drawings
  • As-installed control valve schedule identifying the valve installed at each service
  • Status and safety switch setpoint record giving the as-left trip setting of every switch
  • Actuator stroke and fail-safe test record
  • Wireless sensor signal strength record and the battery installation date for each wireless device
  • Control air tubing pressure test record where pneumatic control devices are furnished
  • Operation and maintenance data giving the recalibration interval, the battery replacement interval, and the part number of every consumable element and module
Required Closeout Submittalscheckbox
☑ As-installed device schedule
☑ As-installed control valve schedule
☑ Status and safety switch setpoint record
☑ Actuator stroke and fail-safe test record
☐ Wireless signal strength and battery date record
☐ Control air tubing pressure test record
☑ Operation and maintenance data with recalibration and battery intervals
3.3.2 Sensor calibration records shall be submitted as required under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system and shall not be duplicated in this closeout package.

4 Quality Assurance

4.1 Listing and Certification

4.1.1 Sensors, transmitters, thermostats, and actuators shall be listed by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory to UL 916, UL 60730-1, or UL 873 as applicable to the product.
4.1.2 Low-temperature limit switches, static pressure limit switches, and condensate overflow switches that interrupt equipment operation shall be listed to UL 353 or UL 60730-1.
4.1.3 Current switches and interposing relays shall be listed to UL 508 or UL 60730-1.
4.1.4 Devices supplied from a Class 2 source shall be listed for Class 2 operation in accordance with NFPA 70 Article 725.
4.1.5 Wireless devices shall be certified under 47 CFR Part 15 for the frequency band and the radiated power at which they operate.
4.1.6 Devices installed in classified hazardous locations shall be listed for the class, division, and group present, to UL 1203 where an explosion-proof enclosure is the means of protection.

4.2 Source Limitation

4.2.1 The manufacturer source limitation applying to field devices shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Field Device Source Limitationradio
● Single manufacturer for each device family across the project
○ Single manufacturer for all field devices
○ No source limitation
NOTE Devices of one family from one manufacturer share a calibration procedure, a spare inventory, and a replacement part, and every additional manufacturer of the same family adds its own. A single manufacturer for every family is offered by fewer suppliers, which narrows the bid list by the same amount that it simplifies the spare shelf. (4.2.2)

4.3 Signal Compatibility

4.3.1 The controls contractor shall verify that the output of every sensor, transmitter, and switch and the input of every actuator is compatible with the controller terminal on which it lands, and shall record the verification in the device schedule.
4.3.2 Where a device output cannot be terminated directly on the controller input, the signal conditioner, isolator, or interposing relay required shall be furnished and shown in the device schedule at no additional cost to the Owner.

4.4 Device Identification

4.4.1 Each device shall be identified in the device schedule and on its label by the point name assigned to it under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
4.4.2 Where the contract drawings tag a device under ANSI/ISA-5.1, the device schedule shall list that tag beside the point name.
NOTE A device carried under one identifier on the controls drawings and under another on the mechanical drawings is wired to the wrong terminal often enough that reconciling the two identifiers at submittal is cheaper than reconciling them at point-to-point verification. (4.4.3)

5 Environmental and Service Conditions

5.1 Enclosure Rating

5.1.1 Devices mounted outdoors shall be rated for continuous operation between Site Ambient Temperature MinimumSite Ambient Temperature MinimumParameterEach project supplies its own value.site-ambient-temperature-minimum and Site Ambient Temperature MaximumSite Ambient Temperature MaximumParameterEach project supplies its own value.site-ambient-temperature-maximum without loss of published accuracy.
5.1.2 Field device housings shall carry at least the enclosure rating indicated in the datasheet, rated under NEMA 250 or UL 50E.
Minimum Device Enclosure Ratingselect
NEMA Type 1
NEMA Type 2
NEMA Type 12
NEMA Type 13
NEMA Type 3R
NEMA Type 4
NEMA Type 4X
NOTE Most field devices sit in a conditioned interior, so Type 1 is the default. The clauses that follow raise the rating for the locations that need more, whatever the datasheet selects; a project whose devices are mostly in one harsher class raises the datasheet value instead. (5.1.3)
5.1.4 Devices mounted outdoors shall be rated NEMA Type 3R, Type 4, or Type 4X.
NOTE A Type 4 enclosure excludes hose-directed water and wind-driven rain; Type 4X adds resistance to corrosion, which matters where the device sits in salt air, cooling tower drift, or a kitchen exhaust plume. Type 3R excludes falling rain and sleet but not water driven against it, so it depends on a hood or a shield for the rest. (5.1.5)
5.1.6 Devices mounted where airborne dust, lint, or fibers accumulate shall be rated NEMA Type 12, Type 13, Type 4, or Type 4X.
5.1.7 Devices mounted where dripping or light splashing of a non-corrosive liquid occurs shall be rated NEMA Type 2, Type 12, Type 4, or Type 4X.
5.1.8 Devices mounted in locations subject to washdown, hose-directed water, or persistent condensation shall be rated NEMA Type 4 or Type 4X.
5.1.9 Devices mounted in locations exposed to salt air, chemical fumes, pool chemicals, or cooling tower drift shall be rated NEMA Type 4X.
5.1.10 Devices installed in a plenum used for environmental air shall be listed for plenum use or installed in an enclosure listed for that use, in accordance with NFPA 90A and NFPA 70.

5.2 Vibration and Air Density

5.2.1 Transmitters and switches shall not be mounted on fan housings, pump casings, or other vibrating equipment.
5.2.2 Where the sensed point is on vibrating equipment, the transmitter or switch shall be mounted on a fixed surface nearby and connected to the sensed point by tubing or by a remote sensing element.
5.2.3 Airflow measurement stations and pressure-based flow devices whose calibration depends on air density shall be corrected for AltitudeAltitudeParameterEach project supplies its own value.altitude in the transmitter or in the controller, and the point at which the correction is applied shall be identified in the device schedule.
NOTE A thermal dispersion station measures mass flow and reports it as a standard volumetric rate; a pitot or orifice device measures velocity pressure, which at altitude corresponds to a higher actual velocity than a sea-level calibration assumes. Which device needs the correction, and where it is applied, is what the device schedule entry records. (5.2.4)

6 Supply and Signal Interface

6.1 Device Supply Voltage

6.1.1 Sensors, transmitters, and switches that require supply power shall be supplied at the voltage indicated in the datasheet from a Class 2 source complying with NFPA 70 Article 725.
Sensor and Transmitter Supply Voltageradio
○ Class 2, 24 VAC
○ Class 2, 24 VDC
○ Class 2, 24 VAC or 24 VDC as accepted by each device
6.1.2 Actuators shall be supplied at the voltage indicated in the datasheet.
Actuator Supply Voltageradio
● Class 2, 24 VAC
○ Class 2, 24 VDC
○ Line voltage, 120 VAC
○ Line voltage, 230 VAC
6.1.3 Line-voltage actuators shall be supplied from a branch circuit with a disconnecting means within sight of the actuator, in accordance with NFPA 70.
6.1.4 Devices sharing a control power transformer shall observe the common polarity and single-point secondary grounding required under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
NOTE A half-wave-rectified device on a transformer secondary that also feeds a full-wave device shorts the secondary through the two rectifiers whenever the common conductor is shared, and the fault presents as a transformer that runs hot and a device that resets at random. Which devices are half-wave is stated in the product data and is checked at submittal. (6.1.5)

6.2 Transmitter Output Signal

6.2.1 Analog transmitters shall deliver the output signal indicated in the datasheet.
Transmitter Output Signalselect
Two-wire loop-powered 4-20 mA
Three-wire or four-wire 4-20 mA
0-10 VDC
2-10 VDC
0-5 VDC
Networked digital output on the field bus
NOTE A current loop is unaffected by the voltage drop of a long run and by most induced noise, and a live-zero signal distinguishes an open circuit from a zero reading; a voltage output needs no loop supply calculation and shares a common with the controller, which simplifies the panel wiring where runs are short. Which weighs more depends on the run length and the electrical environment between the device and the panel. (6.2.2)
6.2.3 For each two-wire current loop, the Contractor shall verify before installation that the sum of the transmitter's minimum operating voltage, the controller input burden at 20 mA, and the loop conductor drop at 20 mA does not exceed the loop supply voltage.
6.2.4 Networked field devices shall communicate on the field bus protocol selected under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.

6.3 Temperature Sensor Signal

6.3.1 Temperature sensors shall connect to the controller by the method indicated in the datasheet.
Temperature Sensor Signalradio
● Direct resistance element wired to the controller input
○ Transmitter with an analog output
○ Networked digital output on the field bus
NOTE A direct resistance element has no electronics at the sensor to fail or drift, and a controller input that reads resistance holds the whole measurement chain to one conversion. A transmitter converts the element to a signal that survives long runs and electrically noisy routes, and adds a second calibrated device to every point that has one. (6.3.2)

6.4 Discrete Contacts

6.4.1 Status and safety switches shall provide voltage-free contacts rated for the controller input they serve and for the pilot duty of any relay or safety circuit they interrupt.
6.4.2 Switches that interrupt equipment operation shall provide a separate contact, or a separately monitored input, so that the building automation system registers the trip without depending on the interrupted circuit.
6.4.3 Where a switch is hardwired to interrupt equipment operation, the interrupt shall remain effective with the equipment's hand-off-auto selector and any drive bypass in every position.
NOTE A safety contact wired into the automatic leg of a hand-off-auto selector is bypassed the moment the selector is turned to hand, which is the position it is usually left in while the fault is being found. (6.4.4)

6.5 Interposing Relays

6.5.1 Interposing relays between a controller output and an equipment control circuit shall be of the type indicated in the datasheet.
Interposing Relay Typeselect
Plug-in relay in a socket with a status indicator
DIN-rail interface relay with a status indicator
Enclosed relay module with a manual override switch
Solid-state relay
NOTE A plug-in relay is replaced without touching a wire; a DIN-rail interface relay takes the least panel space; an enclosed module with a manual override lets a technician run the equipment with the controller output failed; a solid-state relay has no contacts to wear and, when it fails, more often fails conducting than open, which decides whether it belongs in a safety circuit. (6.5.2)
6.5.3 Relay contacts shall be rated for the voltage, current, and load type of the circuit they switch, including the inrush current of any starter or contactor coil.
6.5.4 Relays located outside a controller panel shall be mounted in an enclosure at the equipment served and shall not be concealed above a fixed ceiling without an access panel.

6.6 Wireless Sensors

6.6.1 Wireless sensors shall be used only as permitted by the policy indicated in the datasheet.
Wireless Sensor Policyradio
○ Not permitted
● Permitted at locations designated by the Engineer
○ Permitted for space-mounted sensors at the Contractor's option
○ Permitted for any sensor at the Contractor's option
6.6.2 Where wireless sensors are permitted, the radio technology shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Wireless Sensor Radio Technologyselect
Proprietary sub-gigahertz mesh
IEEE 802.15.4 mesh, Zigbee or Thread
EnOcean
Bluetooth mesh
Wi-Fi
6.6.3 Wireless sensors shall be powered as indicated in the datasheet.
Wireless Sensor Power Sourceradio
● Replaceable battery
○ Energy harvesting from ambient light or temperature difference
○ Wired supply with a wireless signal
6.6.4 Battery-powered wireless sensors shall have a published battery life, at the sensor's configured reporting interval, of not less than the period indicated in the datasheet.
Wireless Sensor Battery Liferange
Not less than
years
1235710
6.6.6 Wireless sensors shall be installed only after a radio frequency site survey has identified the gateway and repeater locations, and the repeaters the survey requires shall be furnished at no additional cost to the Owner.
6.6.7 Wireless sensor batteries shall be replaceable without removing ceiling finishes, equipment access panels, or the sensor's mounting.
NOTE Mechanical rooms, elevator lobbies, and rooms with metal-lined walls attenuate a radio signal enough that a mesh that tested well in an open shell fails after the equipment and the finishes go in. A survey taken at rough-in is a prediction; the signal strength record at closeout is the evidence. (6.6.8)

7 Space Sensors and Thermostats

7.1 Space Sensor Housing

7.1.1 Space sensor housings shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Space Sensor Housingselect
Thermoplastic wall housing
Metal wall plate, flush to the wall
Thermoplastic housing with a locking tamper-resistant cover
Housing with a wire guard
Impact-rated housing
7.1.2 Tamper-resistant covers or guards shall be provided on space sensors in the areas designated on the controls drawings regardless of the housing selected above.
NOTE The visible face of a space sensor is an architectural element in a finished room, which is why the finish review under Submittals precedes procurement rather than following installation. (7.1.3)
7.1.4 Space sensors shall be mounted on a device box, and the box and any conduit entering it shall be sealed so that air from the wall cavity cannot reach the sensing element.
NOTE A sensor on an unsealed box reads a mix of room air and wall-cavity air, and the cavity air moves with stack effect and wind, so the error changes through the day and cannot be calibrated out. (7.1.5)

7.2 Occupant Interface

7.2.1 Space sensors shall display the information indicated in the datasheet.
Space Sensor Displayradio
○ No display
○ Space temperature
○ Space temperature and setpoint
○ Space temperature, setpoint, mode, and fan status
7.2.2 Occupant adjustment of the space temperature setpoint shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Occupant Setpoint Adjustmentradio
○ No occupant adjustment
○ Offset adjustment within a band set at the building automation system
○ Absolute setpoint adjustment within limits set at the building automation system
○ Unrestricted setpoint adjustment
7.2.3 Where offset adjustment is selected, the adjustment band on each side of the scheduled setpoint shall not exceed the value indicated in the datasheet.
Occupant Setpoint Offsetrange
Not more than
°F
12345
7.2.4 An occupancy override button shall be provided on space sensors as indicated in the datasheet.
Occupancy Override Buttonradio
○ Provided on every space sensor
○ Provided on sensors serving zones with unoccupied periods
○ Not provided
NOTE The override duration and the setpoint limits enforced at the building automation system are sequence parameters set under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system; the sensor furnishes the button and the adjustment input, not the rule. The sequences of ANSI/ASHRAE Guideline 36 assume both inputs exist at the zone and hold the timer and the limits in the controller. (7.2.5)
7.2.6 Setpoint adjustment and override inputs on a networked space sensor shall be readable and writable from the building automation system so that the adjustment band and the override duration can be changed without visiting the sensor.

7.3 Unitary Equipment Thermostats

7.3.1 Equipment controlled by a thermostat rather than by a field controller shall be as indicated on the mechanical equipment schedules.
7.3.2 Thermostats shall comply with NEMA DC 3 and shall be listed to UL 873 or UL 60730-2-9.
7.3.3 Thermostat integration with the building automation system shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Thermostat Integrationradio
● Communicating thermostat on the field bus
○ Standalone thermostat with a status contact monitored by the building automation system
○ Standalone thermostat, not monitored
○ Cloud-managed thermostat with an internet connection
7.3.5 Standalone thermostat scheduling capability shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Standalone Thermostat Schedulingradio
○ Seven-day programmable with a holiday schedule
○ Seven-day programmable
○ Non-programmable
NOTE Where the thermostat is the only automatic control on the equipment, the scheduled shutoff that Adopted Energy CodeAdopted Energy CodeParameterEach project supplies its own value.adopted-energy-code requires is performed by the thermostat, and a non-programmable thermostat satisfies it only where the code exempts that equipment. (7.3.6)
7.3.7 Thermostats shall enforce a deadband between the heating and cooling setpoints of not less than the value required by Adopted Energy CodeAdopted Energy CodeParameterEach project supplies its own value.adopted-energy-code.
7.3.8 Thermostats shall provide keypad lockout and setpoint range limits configurable by the Owner.
7.3.9 Thermostats serving heat pumps shall be furnished with the auxiliary heat staging, the emergency heat mode, and the reversing valve output that the served equipment requires.
7.3.10 Line-voltage thermostats controlling electric heaters directly shall be rated for the connected load and listed to UL 873.

7.4 Cloud-Managed Thermostats

7.4.1 Requirements in this article apply where a cloud-managed thermostat is selected under Thermostat Integration.
7.4.2 A cloud-managed thermostat shall not be connected to the building automation network unless the connection is identified and accepted in the cybersecurity plan required under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
7.4.3 Each cloud-managed thermostat shall be enrolled in a service account held in the Owner's name.
7.4.4 The Contractor shall transfer the credentials of the service account to the Owner at closeout.
7.4.5 The factory default credentials of each cloud-managed thermostat shall be changed before the thermostat is placed in service.
NOTE A thermostat managed through a vendor's service depends on that service staying in operation, on the building's internet connection, and on whoever holds the account; an account opened in the installer's name leaves the site with the installer. (7.4.6)

8 Temperature Sensor Assemblies

8.1 Sensing Element and Measurement Error

8.1.1 The temperature sensing element, the lead-wire compensation for low-resistance elements, and the maximum combined measurement error shall be as selected under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
8.1.2 Each sensor assembly shall hold the combined measurement error over the range of conditions its mounting location produces.

8.2 Duct Sensors

8.2.1 Single-point duct sensors shall be rigid probes inserted to the depth indicated in the datasheet.
Single-Point Duct Probe Insertion Depthrange
in.
468121824
Derived — the duct depth at the mounting location, placing the element tip near the duct centerline (by default)
NOTE A duct probe shorter than half the duct depth reads the boundary layer near the wall, which lags the core airflow on every temperature change and reads closer to the mechanical room than to the air. (8.2.2)
8.2.3 Where an averaging element is required under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system, the element construction shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Averaging Element Constructionradio
● Flexible capillary averaging element supported on clips
○ Rigid multi-point averaging probe
8.2.4 The averaging element length shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Averaging Element Lengthrange
Not less than
ft
481216243248
Derived — the duct cross-sectional area at the mounting location and the averaging element coverage ratio selected under the building automation system standard (by default)
8.2.5 Averaging elements shall be arranged in a serpentine pattern that covers the duct cross-section.
8.2.6 Averaging elements shall be supported on clips at the intervals published by the manufacturer and held clear of the duct wall and the coil face.
8.2.7 Duct sensors shall be mounted through a gasketed flange or a sealed bushing so that the duct penetration is airtight.

8.3 Pipe Sensors and Thermowells

8.3.1 Pipe temperature sensors shall be mounted by the method indicated in the datasheet.
Pipe Temperature Sensor Mountingradio
● Immersion element in a thermowell
○ Direct immersion element without a well
○ Surface-mounted strap-on element beneath the insulation
8.3.2 Where strap-on elements are used, they shall be clamped to a cleaned bare pipe surface with a thermally conductive compound and covered by the pipe insulation.
NOTE A strap-on element reads the pipe wall, which lags the fluid on every change and reads low on hot water and high on chilled water by an amount that depends on the insulation over it. Where the sequence uses the reading for a differential or a reset, that lag is the error the loop then chases. (8.3.3)
8.3.4 Thermowells shall be furnished for every immersion sensor in a pressurized system.
8.3.5 Thermowell material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Thermowell Materialradio
● Brass
○ Type 304 stainless steel
○ Type 316 stainless steel
8.3.6 Thermowells in steam, condensate, and high-temperature hot water service shall be stainless steel regardless of the selection above.
8.3.7 Thermowell insertion length shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Thermowell Insertion Lengthrange
in.
2.54681012
Derived — the nominal pipe size at the tap, placing the element tip within the center third of the pipe (by default)
8.3.8 The thermowell connection size and the tap location shall be coordinated with the piping furnished under Hydronic PipingHydronic PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/hydronic-piping and Chilled And Condenser Water PipingChilled and Condenser Water PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/chilled-and-condenser-water-piping.
8.3.9 Where the pipe is too small for the insertion length, the thermowell shall be installed in an elbow or a tee with the tip pointing upstream, or in an enlarged section of pipe.
8.3.10 Immersion elements shall be spring-loaded against the well bottom, and the well shall be filled with a thermally conductive compound before the element is inserted.
8.3.11 Calibration test wells for checking immersion sensors against a reference thermometer shall be provided as indicated in the datasheet.
Calibration Test Wells at Immersion Sensorsradio
○ Provided at every immersion sensor
○ Provided at immersion sensors serving central plant control and energy calculations
○ Not provided
8.3.12 Each calibration test well shall be installed in the same straight section of pipe as the sensor it serves, with no branch, coil, or heat source between the two.
NOTE A test well lets the installed sensor be compared with a reference probe in the same water without pulling the sensor or interrupting control; without one, every later check disturbs the reading it is meant to verify, and the plant sensors that feed an energy calculation are the ones checked most often. (8.3.13)

8.4 Outdoor Air Sensors

8.4.1 Outdoor air temperature and humidity sensors shall be housed in the radiation shield indicated in the datasheet.
Outdoor Sensor Radiation Shieldradio
● Passive multi-plate radiation shield
○ Fan-aspirated radiation shield
○ Louvered sun hood integral to the sensor housing
NOTE A fan-aspirated shield draws air across the element continuously and removes the residual solar error that a passive shield leaves in still air, at the cost of a powered fan that can fail silently; the failure shows as a reading that drifts high on calm sunny afternoons. (8.4.2)
8.4.3 Outdoor air sensors shall be mounted where indicated on the controls drawings, at a location meeting the exposure requirements of Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.

8.5 Combined Sensors

8.5.1 Where temperature and humidity are both measured at one location, the sensor arrangement shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Combined Temperature and Humidity Sensingradio
● Combined temperature and humidity sensor in one housing
○ Separate temperature and humidity sensors

9 Humidity, Carbon Dioxide, and Air Quality Sensors

9.1 Humidity Sensor Hardware

9.1.1 The humidity sensing technology, the maximum combined humidity measurement error, and the recalibration interval shall be as selected under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
9.1.2 The humidity sensing element shall be protected by the filter indicated in the datasheet.
Humidity Element Filterselect
Sintered stainless steel filter cap
PTFE membrane filter
Slotted cover without a filter
NOTE A sintered or membrane filter keeps dust and droplets off the polymer element and slows its response by seconds to a minute; an open cover responds fastest and fouls first. Duct and outdoor elements see dust and condensate that a room element does not, so the filter choice follows the mounting location. (9.1.3)
9.1.4 Duct humidity sensors shall be located downstream of any cooling coil or humidifier by not less than the humidifier's published absorption distance and not less than the distance indicated in the datasheet.
Distance of Duct Humidity Sensor Downstream of Coil or Humidifierrange
Not less than
ft
3510152030
9.1.5 Humidity sensors mounted where the air can reach saturation shall be furnished with a heated sensing element or a condensation-tolerant element.

9.2 Carbon Dioxide Sensor Hardware

9.2.1 Carbon dioxide measurement technology, range, combined measurement error, and automatic background calibration shall be as selected under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
9.2.2 Each zone for which Adopted Energy CodeAdopted Energy CodeParameterEach project supplies its own value.adopted-energy-code requires demand-controlled ventilation shall be provided with the carbon dioxide sensor or occupant-count sensor indicated on the points list.
9.2.3 Carbon dioxide sensors shall be mounted as indicated in the datasheet.
Carbon Dioxide Sensor Mountingradio
● Wall-mounted in the zone
○ Duct-mounted in the return air
NOTE A return-air sensor reads the flow-weighted average of every zone on the system, so on a multiple-zone system it cannot detect one crowded room; on a single-zone system it reads the same air a wall sensor would, without a device on the wall. (9.2.4)
9.2.5 Wall-mounted carbon dioxide sensors shall not be mounted within 3 ft of a door, an operable window, or a supply air outlet, or within the exhalation path of a seated occupant.
9.2.6 Carbon dioxide sensor modules shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Carbon Dioxide Sensor Moduleradio
○ Field-replaceable sensing module
○ Sealed sensor replaced as a unit
9.2.7 Wall-mounted carbon dioxide sensors shall display as indicated in the datasheet.
Carbon Dioxide Sensor Displayradio
○ No display
○ Concentration display
9.2.8 An outdoor carbon dioxide reference sensor shall be provided as indicated in the datasheet.
Outdoor Carbon Dioxide Reference Sensorradio
○ Provided
● Not provided
NOTE Demand-controlled ventilation sequences compute the ventilation rate from the difference between the zone concentration and the outdoor concentration. A fixed outdoor value is correct on average and wrong on any given afternoon; a measured value removes that error at the cost of one more sensor to calibrate, and the error is larger where the outdoor concentration runs well above the rural baseline, as it does near traffic and in dense districts. (9.2.9)

9.3 Additional Air Quality Sensing

9.3.1 Where the sequence of operations uses indoor air quality parameters beyond carbon dioxide, sensors for the parameters indicated in the datasheet shall be furnished.
Additional Indoor Air Quality Parameters Sensedcheckbox
☐ Total volatile organic compounds
☐ Particulate matter, PM2.5
☐ Particulate matter, PM10
☐ Carbon monoxide in occupied spaces
☐ None
NOTE Metal-oxide volatile organic compound sensors report a relative index rather than a concentration traceable to a reference, and two sensors of the same model in the same room can disagree; what they measure reliably is change over time at one location. Optical particulate sensors count particles by light scattering and infer mass, so their reading depends on the particle size distribution assumed at calibration. (9.3.2)
9.3.3 Air quality sensors serving an indoor air quality procedure under ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1 shall meet the accuracy that procedure assigns to the parameter measured.
NOTE Carbon monoxide detection in parking structures and combustion equipment rooms is governed by Gas Detection SystemsGas Detection SystemsResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/gas-detection-systems and is not furnished under this standard. (9.3.4)

10 Pressure Transmitters and Switches

10.1 Pressure Transmitter Hardware

10.1.1 Duct static and hydronic pressure sensor ranges and the maximum pressure measurement error shall be as selected under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
10.1.2 The sensing element of differential pressure transmitters shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Differential Pressure Sensing Elementselect
Piezoresistive silicon
Variable capacitance
Variable reluctance
Thermal mass flow bridge
NOTE Capacitance and reluctance elements resolve the very low pressures of building static and terminal duct measurement with less zero drift than a piezoresistive element of the same range; a piezoresistive element withstands overpressure and shock better and costs less at ranges above a few inches of water. A thermal bridge measures the leakage flow through an internal orifice and suits ranges below a tenth of an inch of water. (10.1.3)
10.1.4 Transmitters shall withstand, without damage or calibration shift, an overpressure of not less than the fan shutoff pressure for air service and the pump shutoff head for hydronic service, and the published proof pressure shall be shown in the product data.
10.1.5 Transmitters shall provide zero and span adjustment accessible without removing the transmitter from its mounting.
10.1.6 Transmitters shall be furnished with a local display as indicated in the datasheet.
Pressure Transmitter Local Displayradio
○ No local display
○ Integral digital display
10.1.7 Building static pressure transmitters shall be bidirectional with a range centered on zero.
10.1.8 The full-scale range of building static pressure transmitters in each direction shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Building Static Pressure Range, Each Directionrange
in. w.g.
0.050.10.250.51
Per drawings — the points list (deferred by default)
10.1.9 The outdoor reference for building static pressure shall be sensed through a static pressure probe shielded from wind and rain, mounted where indicated on the controls drawings.
NOTE An unshielded outdoor reference reads the wind's velocity pressure as a change in building pressure, and the building pressurization loop then chases every gust. (10.1.10)

10.2 Pressure Pickups and Connections

10.2.1 Duct static pressure pickups shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Duct Static Pressure Pickupradio
● Multi-port static pressure probe
○ Single-point tube with a static pressure tip
○ Flush duct wall tap
NOTE A multi-port probe averages several sensing ports across a short span of duct and is insensitive to the small velocity component that a single tip picks up when it is not exactly parallel to the flow. A flush wall tap is the cheapest and reads velocity pressure as static wherever the flow is not parallel to the wall. (10.2.2)
10.2.3 Hydronic pressure transmitters shall be connected through the manifold indicated in the datasheet.
Hydronic Pressure Transmitter Manifoldradio
○ Three-valve manifold
○ Five-valve manifold
○ Isolation valves without an equalizing valve
NOTE A three-valve manifold provides two isolation valves and an equalizing valve, so the transmitter can be zeroed under line pressure and removed without draining; a five-valve manifold adds vent valves for bleeding and test connections. Without an equalizing valve, zeroing requires isolating the transmitter from both taps and venting it. (10.2.4)
10.2.5 Hydronic pressure sensing lines shall include a snubber or a pulsation dampener where the transmitter is within ten pipe diameters downstream of a pump discharge or a modulating valve.
10.2.6 Air pressure sensing tubing runs longer than the length the transmitter manufacturer publishes for the specified response time shall be identified in the device schedule with the response time they produce.

10.3 Pressure Switches

10.3.1 Air filter condition shall be sensed by the method indicated in the datasheet.
Air Filter Condition Sensingradio
● Differential pressure transmitter reporting a continuous value
○ Differential pressure switch with an adjustable setpoint
○ Differential pressure switch and a local gauge
○ Local gauge without a signal to the building automation system
○ No filter condition sensing
NOTE A transmitter reports the pressure drop as it rises and lets the operator trend the filter loading and schedule the change; a switch reports only that its setpoint has been crossed, and the setpoint is right at one airflow, because the pressure drop across a filter at a given loading falls with the square of airflow on a variable-volume system. (10.3.2)
10.3.3 Duct high and low static pressure limit switches shall be provided where indicated on the controls drawings.
10.3.4 Static pressure limit switches shall be hardwired to interrupt the fan safety circuit.
10.3.5 Static pressure limit switch reset shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Static Pressure Limit Switch Resetradio
● Manual reset at the switch
○ Automatic reset
○ Manual reset from the building automation system
NOTE A limit switch that resets itself restarts the fan into the same condition that tripped it, so the duct sees the overpressure again on every cycle; the manual reset exists to make someone find the closed damper first. (10.3.6)
10.3.7 Pressure switches shall have a trip setpoint adjustable over a range that includes the value on the switch schedule, with the setpoint scale visible without removing the cover.

11 Equipment Status and Safety Switches

11.1 Fan and Pump Status

11.1.1 The running status of constant-speed fans and pumps shall be sensed by the method indicated in the datasheet.
Status Sensing - Constant-Speed Fans and Pumpsradio
● Current switch on a motor lead
○ Differential pressure switch across the fan or pump
○ Starter auxiliary contact
○ Flow switch in the discharge
11.1.2 The running status of drive-controlled fans and pumps shall be sensed by the method indicated in the datasheet.
Status Sensing - Drive-Controlled Fans and Pumpsradio
○ Current switch on a motor lead
○ Run status from the drive over the network
○ Run status contact from the drive
○ Differential pressure switch across the fan or pump
NOTE A current switch proves that the motor is drawing load current, which a broken belt or a sheared coupling removes and an auxiliary contact does not; a differential pressure switch proves that air or water is moving, which a closed damper or valve removes and a current switch does not; a drive's run status proves that the drive is commanding the motor. Each method proves one thing, and the sequence decides which thing the operator needs to know. (11.1.3)
11.1.4 Current switches shall be split-core, self-powered from the monitored conductor, and rated for the full-load current of the motor served.
11.1.5 The current switch trip setting shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Current Switch Trip Settingradio
○ Adjustable trip set in the field above the no-load current
○ Self-calibrating trip set automatically on first run
○ Fixed trip at the switch's rated threshold
11.1.6 Current switches on belt-driven or coupled equipment shall have their trip point set above the motor current with the belt removed or the coupling disconnected, and below the motor current at the lowest operating speed.
NOTE On a drive-controlled motor at minimum speed, the current can fall close to the belt-off current at full speed, and a switch set at startup with the drive at full speed reads off every time the drive slows down. The trip point is set with the drive at minimum speed. (11.1.7)
11.1.8 Motor current sensing shall provide the output indicated in the datasheet.
Motor Current Sensing Outputradio
● Status contact
○ Status contact and analog current output
○ Analog current output with a threshold computed at the controller

11.2 Hydronic Flow Proving

11.2.1 Flow through chillers, boilers, heat exchangers, and other equipment whose manufacturer requires proof of flow before operation shall be proven by the device indicated in the datasheet.
Hydronic Flow Proving Deviceselect
Paddle-type flow switch
Thermal dispersion flow switch
Differential pressure switch across the equipment
Differential pressure transmitter with a threshold at the controller
Flow meter output compared with a threshold at the controller
NOTE A paddle switch responds to velocity at one point and needs a straight run to read; a thermal dispersion switch has no moving part and responds slowly; a differential pressure device across the equipment reads the pressure drop the manufacturer publishes and cannot distinguish low flow from a fouled tube bundle. Where the equipment manufacturer's own controller performs a flow proof, the field device is the backup rather than the interlock. (11.2.2)
11.2.3 The flow proving contact shall be hardwired into the equipment safety circuit where the equipment manufacturer requires it, and shall be monitored by the building automation system in every case.
11.2.4 Flow switches shall be installed in a straight run of pipe with the upstream and downstream lengths published by the switch manufacturer.
11.2.5 Paddle-type flow switches shall have the paddle trimmed to the pipe size in accordance with the manufacturer's table and shall be set to trip at the minimum flow the equipment manufacturer requires.

11.3 Low-Temperature Limits

11.3.1 Where Site Ambient Temperature MinimumSite Ambient Temperature MinimumParameterEach project supplies its own value.site-ambient-temperature-minimum is below 32°F, a low-temperature limit switch shall be provided on the leaving-air side of each water coil that can receive outdoor air, unless the contract documents indicate another freeze protection method for that coil.
11.3.2 Low-temperature limit switches shall trip on the coldest point along the element and not on the average temperature of the element.
NOTE A vapor-tension element trips when any short segment falls below the setpoint, which is the property that matters, because a stratified mixing plenum can freeze one corner of a coil while the average across the face is well above freezing. (11.3.3)
11.3.4 Each low-temperature limit element shall serve not more than the coil face area indicated in the datasheet.
Coil Face Area per Low-Temperature Limit Elementrange
Not more than
ft²
101520253040
11.3.5 The low-temperature limit element length shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Low-Temperature Limit Element Lengthrange
Not less than
ft
812202440
Derived — the coil face area and the maximum coil face area served per element (by default)
11.3.6 Low-temperature limit elements shall be serpentined across the coil face on the leaving-air side, supported on clips, and held clear of the coil fins and the casing.
11.3.7 Low-temperature limit reset shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Low-Temperature Limit Resetradio
● Manual reset at the switch
○ Automatic reset
○ Manual reset from the building automation system
11.3.8 The low-temperature limit contact shall be hardwired to stop the supply fan, close the outdoor air damper, and open the coil control valve, in addition to the sequence response programmed at the controller.

11.4 Condensate Overflow

11.4.1 A condensate overflow switch shall be provided in the primary drain pan or the auxiliary drain pan of each cooling coil where the adopted mechanical code requires overflow protection, and at each location indicated on the controls drawings.
11.4.2 The condensate overflow switch action shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Condensate Overflow Switch Actionradio
● Hardwired to stop the cooling equipment, with the trip reported to the building automation system
○ Hardwired to stop the cooling equipment, not reported
○ Reported to the building automation system, which stops the cooling equipment
NOTE The mechanical code's overflow provision is satisfied by a device that shuts the equipment down directly; routing the shutdown through the controller adds the controller and its program to the path the code relies on, which the authority having jurisdiction accepts or does not. (11.4.3)
11.4.4 Condensate overflow switches shall be float or conductance type, mounted so that the trip level is below the pan rim by the margin the switch manufacturer publishes.
11.4.5 Condensate overflow switches shall be testable by raising the water level in the pan without disassembling the switch.

11.5 Water Leak Detectors

11.5.1 Water leak detectors shall be provided at the locations indicated on the controls drawings.
11.5.2 Water leak detectors shall be of the type indicated in the datasheet.
Water Leak Detector Typeselect
Spot detector with floor-contact probes
Leak-sensing cable with a zone monitor
Leak-sensing cable with a distance-reading monitor
Float switch
NOTE A spot detector reports water at one point and misses a leak that runs the other way; sensing cable reports water anywhere along its run, and a distance-reading monitor says where along the run; a float switch reports a depth of water and suits a pan or a sump rather than a floor. (11.5.3)
11.5.4 Each water leak detector shall report its alarm to the building automation system through a contact or a networked output.
11.5.5 A local audible alarm at each water leak detector shall be provided as indicated in the datasheet.
Water Leak Detector Local Audible Alarmradio
○ Provided
○ Not provided
NOTE A local sounder brings someone to a leak in a room that is occupied and is heard by no one in a mechanical room that is entered once a week; the alarm at the building automation system reaches the operator in either case. (11.5.6)

11.6 Damper and Valve Position Proving

11.6.1 Where the sequence requires proof of damper or valve position, position shall be sensed by the device indicated in the datasheet.
Damper and Valve Position Proving Deviceradio
● Auxiliary switch integral to the actuator
○ Blade-mounted end switch on the damper
○ Position feedback signal from the actuator compared with a threshold at the controller
NOTE An actuator auxiliary switch proves the actuator shaft position, and a blade switch proves the blade; where the linkage between them can slip, only the blade switch proves the damper. (11.6.2)

12 Occupancy Sensing for HVAC

12.1 Occupancy Signal Source

12.1.1 The source of the occupancy signal used by HVAC zone sequences shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Occupancy Signal Source for HVAC Zonesselect
Dedicated occupancy sensor wired to the zone controller
Occupancy status shared from the lighting control system over the network
Occupancy status shared from the lighting occupancy sensor by an isolated contact
Occupancy status from the access control or security system
Occupant-count sensor at the zone entrance
No occupancy sensing, schedule only
NOTE A shared lighting sensor saves a device in every room and ties the HVAC zone to the lighting sensor's coverage pattern, time delay, and failure; a dedicated sensor costs a device and gives the HVAC sequence its own signal. A networked share depends on both systems' gateways being up; a contact share depends on neither. (12.1.2)
12.1.3 Where the occupancy signal is shared from another system by a contact, the contact shall be isolated so that neither system's control power is connected to the other.
12.1.4 Where the occupancy signal is shared from another system over the network, the signal shall be presented at the building automation system as a point with the loss-of-communication behavior defined under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.

12.2 Dedicated HVAC Occupancy Sensors

12.2.1 Dedicated HVAC occupancy sensors shall use the detection technology indicated in the datasheet.
HVAC Occupancy Sensor Detection Technologyselect
Passive infrared
Ultrasonic
Dual-technology, passive infrared and ultrasonic
Microwave
Thermal or optical occupant counting
NOTE The detection technologies behave as described under Lighting ControlsLighting ControlsResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/lighting-controls; what differs for HVAC is that a missed occupant puts a zone into setback with someone in it, and a false detection holds a zone at the occupied ventilation rate with no one there. (12.2.2)
12.2.3 Dedicated HVAC occupancy sensors shall provide a voltage-free contact or a networked point to the zone controller.
12.2.4 The vacancy delay applied by the zone sequence shall be set at the building automation system, and the sensor's own time delay shall be set to its minimum.
12.2.5 Sensor coverage and mounting shall be as indicated on the controls drawings.
NOTE Occupancy sensors that also serve lighting control are furnished and governed under Lighting ControlsLighting ControlsResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/lighting-controls. (12.2.6)

13 Airflow Measurement Station Hardware

13.1 The airflow measurement technology, the maximum airflow measurement error, and the straight duct lengths at each station shall be as selected under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
13.2 Airflow measurement station probes shall be of the material indicated in the datasheet.
Airflow Measurement Station Probe Materialradio
● Aluminum
○ Type 304 stainless steel
○ Type 316 stainless steel
NOTE Aluminum probes cost least and serve a clean airstream for the life of the building; Type 304 stainless steel resists the moisture and the mild chemistry of a laboratory or kitchen exhaust; Type 316 adds the molybdenum that resists chlorides, which is what a coastal outdoor air intake or a pool exhaust carries. (13.3)
13.4 Stations in kitchen exhaust, laboratory exhaust, or other corrosive or grease-laden airstreams shall be stainless steel, whatever the datasheet selects.
13.5 Each station shall be furnished with a transmitter matched to its probe array by the station manufacturer, delivering the output selected under Transmitter Output Signal.
13.6 Where a factory calibration certificate is required under Testing, the certificate for each station shall state the calibration airflow range and the probe configuration tested.
13.7 Thermal dispersion stations installed where the airstream carries fog, snow, or entrained moisture shall be furnished with the moisture protection the station manufacturer publishes for that exposure.

14 Damper Actuators

14.1 Damper Actuator Sizing and Mounting

14.1.1 The control signal, the fail-safe mechanism for each damper class, and the torque margin above close-off torque shall be as selected under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
14.1.2 The torque rating of each damper actuator shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Damper Actuator Torque Ratingrange
Not less than
in-lb
1835457090135180270360
Derived — the damper manufacturer's published close-off torque at the maximum differential pressure across the damper, increased by the torque margin selected under the building automation system standard (by default)
NOTE Damper close-off torque is published by the damper manufacturer from testing under ANSI/AMCA 500-D and rises with blade seal friction and differential pressure, which is why the calculation starts from the damper the project actually buys under Louvers And DampersLouvers and DampersResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/louvers-and-dampers rather than from a torque-per-area rule. (14.1.3)
14.1.4 Where the required torque exceeds the rating of one actuator, two or more actuators of the same model shall be mounted on a jackshaft and driven by the same signal.
14.1.5 Damper actuators shall be mounted as indicated in the datasheet.
Damper Actuator Mountingradio
● Direct-coupled to the damper shaft
○ Crank arm and linkage
○ Direct-coupled to a jackshaft
NOTE A direct-coupled actuator clamps to the shaft and has no linkage to slip, wear, or be adjusted; a crank arm and linkage fits an actuator where the shaft end is inaccessible and adds two pivots and a rod whose adjustment sets the stroke. (14.1.6)
14.1.7 Actuators shall be protected against overload throughout the stroke by electronic stall detection and shall not depend on end switches to stop the motor at the end positions.
14.1.8 Actuators shall provide a means of limiting the stroke at each end without changing the control signal range.
14.1.9 Non-spring-return damper actuators shall provide a manual gear release or crank so that the damper can be positioned without power.
14.1.10 Modulating damper actuators shall be rated for continuous modulating duty.
NOTE Actuators for fire, smoke, and combination dampers are furnished with the damper as part of its listing under Fire And Smoke DampersFire and Smoke DampersResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/fire-and-smoke-dampers; the connection of those actuators and their status contacts to the field controller is made under this standard. (14.1.11)

14.2 Damper Actuator Features

14.2.1 Actuators on outdoor air, relief, and isolation dampers shall be furnished with the number of auxiliary switches indicated in the datasheet.
Auxiliary Switches - Outdoor Air, Relief, and Isolation Damper Actuatorsrange
Not less than
switches
12
14.2.2 Actuators on other modulating dampers shall be furnished with the number of auxiliary switches indicated in the datasheet.
Auxiliary Switches - Other Modulating Damper Actuatorsrange
Not less than
switches
12
14.2.3 Auxiliary switches shall be adjustable over the full stroke and rated for the circuit they switch.
14.2.4 Modulating damper actuators shall provide position feedback as indicated in the datasheet.
Damper Actuator Position Feedbackradio
● No position feedback
○ Analog position feedback signal to the controller
○ Position reported over the field bus
NOTE Position feedback closes the loop on the actuator rather than on the damper; it detects a stalled or disconnected actuator and does not detect a slipped linkage or a blade that does not follow the shaft. (14.2.5)
14.2.6 The maximum running time of modulating damper actuators for the full stroke shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Running Time - Modulating Damper Actuatorsrange
Not more than
seconds
15306090120150300
NOTE A fast actuator lets the loop respond to a disturbance sooner and lets an oscillating loop oscillate faster; an actuator that takes two minutes to stroke limits how quickly a poorly tuned loop can hunt, which is not the same as tuning it. Smoke control and pressurization sequences set their own closure times under Smoke Control SystemsSmoke Control SystemsResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/smoke-control-systems. (14.2.7)

15 Automatic Control Valves

15.1 Control Valve Configuration

NOTE This section covers the two-way and three-way control valves that the building automation system modulates or positions on hydronic coils, heat exchangers, and steam coils. The actuator's control signal, fail-safe mechanism, and close-off basis are selected under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system, and the actuator itself is furnished under Valve Actuators. (15.1.1)
NOTE Pressure-independent control valves are furnished as a hydronic specialty complete with their actuator under Hydronic SpecialtiesHydronic SpecialtiesResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/hydronic-specialties and are not selected here. (15.1.2)
15.1.3 The configuration of each control valve as two-way, three-way mixing, or three-way diverting shall be as indicated on the mechanical drawings.

15.2 Control Valve Body Type

15.2.1 The body type of control valves NPS 2 and smaller shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Control Valve Body Type - NPS 2 and Smallerselect
Characterized ball valve
Globe valve
Two-position zone valve
Six-way characterized ball valve for four-pipe changeover
15.2.2 The body type of control valves NPS 2-1/2 and larger shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Control Valve Body Type - NPS 2-1/2 and Largerselect
Flanged globe valve
Flanged characterized ball valve
High-performance double-offset butterfly valve
Resilient-seated butterfly valve
NOTE A globe valve throttles smoothly over its full stroke and is repairable in the line; a characterized ball valve reaches the same flow coefficient in a smaller, lower-cost body and closes tighter; a resilient-seated butterfly valve throttles usefully over only part of its rotation, which is why it is most often applied to two-position isolation of chillers, towers, and boilers rather than to a modulating coil. (15.2.3)

15.3 Control Valve Flow Characteristic

15.3.1 The inherent flow characteristic of two-way coil control valves shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Inherent Flow Characteristic - Two-Way Coil Control Valvesradio
● Equal percentage
○ Linear
○ Modified parabolic
15.3.2 Three-way valves shall combine the characteristic selected for the coil port with a linear characteristic in the bypass port.
NOTE A water coil delivers most of its capacity at a small fraction of design flow, so its output rises steeply at low flow and flattens near design. An equal percentage valve opens slowly at first and faster later, which offsets that curve and gives the loop a nearly proportional relation between valve position and heat delivered; a linear characteristic suits a service whose output is already proportional to flow, such as a heat exchanger held at a small approach. (15.3.3)

15.4 Control Valve Sizing

15.4.1 The flow coefficient of each control valve shall be calculated in accordance with ANSI/ISA-75.01.01 for the design flow and design pressure drop of its service.
15.4.2 Each modulating hydronic control valve shall be selected so that its pressure drop at design flow, divided by the sum of that pressure drop and the pressure drop of the circuit whose flow it varies, is not less than the valve authority indicated in the datasheet.
Valve Authority - Modulating Hydronic Valvesrange
Not less than
ratio
0.10.20.250.30.40.50.60.8
15.4.3 The pressure drop of each modulating hydronic control valve at design flow shall not exceed the value indicated in the datasheet.
Pressure Drop at Design Flow - Modulating Hydronic Valvesrange
Not more than
psi
12345681015
NOTE Low authority lets the rest of the circuit take over the pressure drop as the valve closes, so the valve does most of its throttling in the last few percent of its stroke; raising authority buys control at the cost of pump head, which is why the minimum authority and the maximum pressure drop are set as a pair. (15.4.4)
15.4.5 Each modulating steam control valve shall be sized for the design steam flow at the pressure drop indicated in the datasheet, expressed as a percentage of the valve inlet gauge pressure.
Steam Control Valve Design Pressure Droprange
% of inlet gauge pressure
1020304050607080
NOTE A larger share of the inlet pressure taken across the steam valve gives it authority over the coil and its trap; past the critical pressure ratio, roughly half the absolute inlet pressure, the flow no longer rises with the drop while the noise and the trim wear still do. (15.4.6)
15.4.7 Two-position control valves shall be line size unless otherwise indicated on the mechanical drawings.
15.4.8 A control valve smaller than the line in which it is installed shall be connected with concentric reducers.

15.5 Control Valve Construction

15.5.1 Control valve bodies shall carry a manufacturer's published pressure-temperature rating, under ASME B16.34 or the valve standard applicable to the body material, of not less than the working pressure indicated in the datasheet at the maximum design temperature of the service.
Control Valve Body Working Pressure Ratingrange
Not less than
psig
125150200250300400600
Derived — the design working pressure and maximum design temperature of the piping system served, as specified in the piping standard for that service (by default)
15.5.2 The body material of control valves NPS 2 and smaller shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Control Valve Body Material - NPS 2 and Smallerselect
Forged brass
Cast bronze
Stainless steel
15.5.3 The body material of control valves NPS 2-1/2 and larger shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Control Valve Body Material - NPS 2-1/2 and Largerselect
Cast iron
Ductile iron
Carbon steel
Stainless steel
NOTE Brass and bronze bodies match copper tube and the pressure classes of small coils; stainless steel is chosen where the fluid attacks copper alloys, as high-concentration glycol, deionized water, and some treatment chemistries do. At larger sizes, cast iron costs least within its pressure and temperature limits, ductile iron extends both, and carbon steel is the body where the piping standard sets a rating that iron cannot meet. (15.5.4)
15.5.5 The ball and stem material of characterized ball valves shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Characterized Ball Valve Ball and Stem Materialradio
○ 300-series stainless steel
○ Chrome-plated brass
○ Nickel-plated brass
NOTE A stainless ball and stem resist the dezincification and plating wear that plated brass shows in glycol and in water with a high chloride content; the plated options cost less and hold up where the water treatment under HVAC Water TreatmentHVAC Water TreatmentResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/hvac-water-treatment is maintained. (15.5.6)
15.5.7 The seat leakage of two-way control valves shall not exceed the ANSI/FCI 70-2 class indicated in the datasheet.
Maximum Seat Leakage Class - Two-Way Control Valvesselect
ANSI/FCI 70-2 Class II
ANSI/FCI 70-2 Class III
ANSI/FCI 70-2 Class IV
ANSI/FCI 70-2 Class V
ANSI/FCI 70-2 Class VI
NOTE Class IV is the customary rating of a metal-seated globe valve; Class VI is bubble-tight and is reached with a soft seat that wears faster at high differential pressure and high temperature. The tighter class matters on a heating coil that must not creep in summer, and matters not at all on a coil that is never fully closed. (15.5.8)
15.5.9 Stem packing on control valves NPS 2-1/2 and larger shall be replaceable without removing the valve from the piping.

15.6 Control Valve End Connections

15.6.1 End connections of control valves NPS 2 and smaller shall be compatible with the joining method of the adjacent piping.
Control Valve End Connections - NPS 2 and Smallerselect
Threaded, NPT
Press-connect for copper tube
Solder end
Union end
Derived — the joining method of the adjacent piping at each valve (by default)
15.6.2 End connections of control valves NPS 2-1/2 and larger shall be compatible with the joining method of the adjacent piping.
Control Valve End Connections - NPS 2-1/2 and Largerselect
Flanged
Grooved
Lug-style
Wafer-style
Derived — the joining method of the adjacent piping at each valve (by default)
NOTE The end connection follows the joining method the piping trade uses at that size under Hydronic PipingHydronic PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/hydronic-piping and Chilled And Condenser Water PipingChilled and Condenser Water PipingResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/chilled-and-condenser-water-piping, which is why both fields are derived rather than chosen here; a lug body can be removed with the downstream pipe in place and a wafer body cannot, which is the one difference a bidder decides on for an isolation service. (15.6.3)

16 Valve Actuators

16.1 Valve Actuator Selection

16.1.1 The control signal, the fail-safe mechanism for each valve class, and the close-off basis shall be as selected under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
NOTE Control valve bodies are furnished under Automatic Control Valves; this section furnishes the actuator that drives them. (16.1.2)
16.1.3 Valve actuators shall be of the motive type indicated in the datasheet.
Valve Actuator Motive Typeradio
● Electric motor actuator
○ Electro-hydraulic actuator
○ Pneumatic actuator
NOTE An electro-hydraulic actuator develops high close-off force at a slow, steady stroke and suits a large globe valve at high differential pressure; a pneumatic actuator is chosen where an existing compressed air system is retained or where the plant already maintains instrument air. (16.1.4)
16.1.5 Pneumatic valve actuators shall be selected only where the pneumatic control device policy under Pneumatic Control Devices permits them, and shall comply with that section.
16.1.6 Actuators for stem-lift valves shall be linear, and actuators for quarter-turn valves shall be rotary, each coupled to the valve without an intermediate linkage.
16.1.7 The close-off differential pressure rating of each valve actuator shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Valve Actuator Close-Off Ratingrange
Not less than
psi
255075100150200300
Derived — the maximum differential pressure the pumping system can develop at the valve with all other valves closed, as required under the building automation system standard (by default)
16.1.8 Valve and actuator assembly shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Valve and Actuator Assemblyradio
● Actuator factory-mounted on the valve and tested as one assembly
○ Actuator field-mounted on the valve by the controls contractor
NOTE A factory-mounted assembly arrives with the stroke set and the close-off verified under one warranty for the pair; field mounting lets the piping trade set the valve early and the controls trade mount the actuator later, and puts the stroke setting and the warranty boundary between two trades. (16.1.9)

16.2 Valve Actuator Features

16.2.1 Modulating valve actuators shall provide position feedback as indicated in the datasheet.
Valve Actuator Position Feedbackradio
● No position feedback
○ Analog position feedback signal to the controller
○ Position reported over the field bus
16.2.2 The maximum running time of modulating valve actuators for the full stroke shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
Running Time - Modulating Valve Actuatorsrange
Not more than
seconds
15306090120150300
16.2.3 Non-spring-return valve actuators shall provide a manual override so that the valve can be positioned without power.
16.2.4 Valve actuators mounted where the valve stem can fall below the dew point of the surrounding air shall be furnished with a stem heater or a thermal barrier between the valve and the actuator.
NOTE A chilled water valve stem in a humid mechanical room condenses continuously, and the condensate runs into the actuator housing, which is the usual cause of an actuator that fails in its second summer. (16.2.5)
16.2.6 Valve actuators shall be rated for continuous modulating duty and shall be electronically protected against overload at the end positions.

16.3 Terminal Unit Valve Actuators

16.3.1 Actuators on terminal unit coil valves shall be of the type indicated in the datasheet.
Terminal Unit Valve Actuator Typeradio
○ Modulating electric actuator
○ Floating electric actuator
○ Two-position electric actuator
○ Two-position thermal actuator
NOTE A thermal actuator moves a wax element with a heater and has no motor, no gear train, and no audible operation; it takes minutes to stroke and cannot modulate. A floating actuator modulates without position feedback and drifts from its commanded position unless the sequence periodically drives it to an end stop. (16.3.2)

17 Pneumatic Control Devices

17.1 Pneumatic Device Policy

17.1.1 Pneumatic control devices shall be used only as permitted by the policy indicated in the datasheet.
Pneumatic Control Device Policyradio
● No pneumatic control devices
○ Extension of an existing pneumatic control system
○ Pneumatic actuators under electronic control through electro-pneumatic transducers
NOTE A pneumatic actuator needs control air that is compressed, dried, filtered, and kept that way; where the plant already maintains that supply for an existing system, extending it costs less than replacing every actuator it serves, and where it does not, the compressor and the dryer are the price of the first pneumatic device. (17.1.2)
17.1.3 Requirements in this section apply where the policy permits pneumatic control devices.
NOTE The compressor, dryer, receiver, and main distribution that produce and deliver control air are furnished under Compressed Air SystemsCompressed Air SystemsResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/compressed-air-systems; this section begins at the branch that serves a control device. (17.1.4)
17.1.5 Where the policy permits extension of an existing pneumatic control system, the Contractor shall verify before connecting to it that the existing control air supply meets ANSI/ISA-7.0.01 and has the capacity to serve the added devices.
17.1.6 The Contractor shall report any deficiency found in the existing control air supply to the Engineer in writing before connecting to it.

17.2 Electro-Pneumatic Transducers

17.2.1 Electro-pneumatic transducers shall convert the controller output to a pneumatic output whose span matches the spring range of the actuators they serve.
17.2.2 Each electro-pneumatic transducer shall be furnished with an output pressure gauge.
17.2.3 Electro-pneumatic transducers shall be mounted in a controller panel or in an enclosure outside the air stream.

17.3 Pneumatic Actuators and Positioners

17.3.1 Pneumatic actuators sequenced with another actuator on a common signal shall be fitted with a positive positioner.
17.3.2 The spring ranges of pneumatic actuators sequenced on a common signal shall not overlap unless the sequence of operations requires overlapping operation.
NOTE The spring range stamped on an actuator is its range at no load; friction and the force of the air or the water on the blade or plug shift the range in service, so two actuators sequenced on their nameplate ranges drift into overlap and open together. A positioner holds each actuator to its commanded position against that load. (17.3.3)

17.4 Control Air Quality

17.4.1 Control air delivered to pneumatic devices shall meet the particulate, oil content, and pressure dew point requirements of ANSI/ISA-7.0.01.
17.4.2 The pressure dew point of control air serving tubing routed outdoors or through unheated spaces shall be below Site Ambient Temperature MinimumSite Ambient Temperature MinimumParameterEach project supplies its own value.site-ambient-temperature-minimum.

17.5 Control Air Tubing

17.5.1 Control air tubing shall be of the material indicated in the datasheet.
Control Air Tubing Materialselect
Type L copper tube
Polyethylene tubing in metallic raceway
Fire-retardant polyethylene tubing listed for air-handling spaces
NOTE Copper tube resists heat and crushing and needs no raceway for a plenum; polyethylene in raceway costs less per foot and depends on the raceway for both its protection and its plenum listing; listed fire-retardant polyethylene runs exposed in a plenum and is the least tolerant of a tight bend or a dropped tool. (17.5.2)
17.5.3 Tubing installed in a plenum used for environmental air shall be copper or shall be listed for that use in accordance with NFPA 90A.
17.5.4 Control air tubing shall be pressure tested at not less than 1.5 times its maximum operating pressure for the duration indicated in the datasheet.
Control Air Tubing Pressure Test Durationrange
Not less than
minutes
153060120240
17.5.5 Control air tubing shall show no pressure loss readable on a test gauge graduated in increments of 1 psi or finer over the test duration.

18 Installation

18.1 Device Mounting

18.1.1 Devices shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's published instructions and the reviewed mounting details.
18.1.2 Each device shall be mounted so that it can be removed and replaced without disturbing ductwork, piping, insulation, or another device, and the access doors required for that purpose shall be coordinated under Duct AccessoriesHVAC Duct AccessoriesResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/duct-accessories.
18.1.3 Pipe-mounted sensors, thermowells, flow switches, and pressure taps shall be coordinated with Mechanical InsulationMechanical InsulationResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/mechanical-insulation so that each is left accessible and the insulation is finished around it.
18.1.4 Outdoor devices shall be mounted with the conduit entering from below and with a drip loop in any cable entering the enclosure.
18.1.5 Devices shall not be mounted on removable panels, access doors, or filter access frames of equipment.

18.2 Control Valve Installation

18.2.1 Control valves shall be installed with the actuator above the horizontal centerline of the pipe.
18.2.2 Control valves shall be installed with the body flow arrow matching the direction of flow.
18.2.3 Control valves NPS 2 and smaller shall be installed with unions or flanged connections that allow removal of the valve without cutting pipe.

18.3 Wiring and Termination

18.3.1 Field device wiring, separation, shielding of network cable, and termination shall comply with Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
18.3.2 Shielded cable serving an analog transmitter shall have its shield grounded at the controller panel only, and the shield at the device shall be insulated from the device housing.

19 Testing

19.1 Factory Calibration Certificates

19.1.1 Factory calibration certificates traceable to a national metrology institute shall be furnished for the device classes indicated in the datasheet.
Device Classes Requiring Factory Calibration Certificatescheckbox
☑ Carbon dioxide sensors
☑ Humidity sensors
☑ Differential pressure transmitters
☑ Airflow measurement stations
☐ Temperature transmitters
☐ Outdoor air temperature sensors
☐ Space temperature sensors
☐ Electro-pneumatic transducers
NOTE A factory certificate records the device as it left the bench; it does not survive a drop in shipping or a month on a dusty site. It establishes the baseline against which the field verification is judged, and a device whose field reading disagrees with its certificate by more than the specified error is the one to return rather than adjust. (19.1.2)

19.2 Field Verification

19.2.1 Sensor calibration against a reference instrument, the disposition of sensors that fail it, and the calibration record shall be as required under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
19.2.2 Each actuator shall be commanded to 0%, 50%, and 100% of its signal range, and the damper or valve position observed at each point shall be recorded.
19.2.3 Each spring-return and stored-energy fail-safe actuator shall be verified to reach its fail-safe position on loss of control power and, separately, on loss of control signal with power maintained.
19.2.4 Each current switch shall be verified to indicate off with the belt removed or the coupling disconnected, and to indicate on with the equipment at its lowest operating speed.
19.2.5 Each pressure switch shall have its trip point verified with a calibrated pressure source rather than by driving the system to the trip condition.
19.2.6 Each low-temperature limit switch shall be verified to trip by cooling a section of the element below the setpoint, and to interrupt the circuits it serves.
19.2.7 Each condensate overflow switch shall be verified to trip by raising the water level in the pan, and to stop the equipment it serves.
19.2.8 Each flow proving device shall be verified to indicate no flow with the isolation valve closed and flow with the pump running.
19.2.9 Each water leak detector shall be verified to alarm at the building automation system by wetting its probes, or a point along each run of sensing cable.
19.2.10 Before the piping is insulated, each control valve shall be inspected for flow direction and port orientation against the control valve schedule.
19.2.11 Each wireless sensor's received signal strength at its gateway or parent node shall be recorded, and any sensor below the manufacturer's minimum margin shall be relocated or served by an added repeater before acceptance.
19.2.12 Each switch's as-left trip setting shall be recorded on the status and safety switch setpoint record.
19.2.13 Device-level tests shall be completed and recorded before the point-to-point verification and field functional testing required under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system begin.
19.2.14 The allocation of repeat-test cost after a failed test shall be as required under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.

20 Delivery, Storage, and Handling

20.1 Devices shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original packaging with calibration certificates and installation instructions enclosed.
20.2 Devices shall be stored indoors in a clean, dry location within the storage temperature range published by the manufacturer.
20.3 Carbon dioxide, humidity, and air quality sensors shall remain sealed in their packaging until dust-producing work in the space where they are installed is complete.
20.4 Where a carbon dioxide, humidity, or air quality sensor must be installed before dust-producing work is complete, it shall be covered with a dust-tight cover that is removed only after final cleaning, and the installation date and the uncovering date shall be recorded in the device schedule.
NOTE Construction dust coats the optical window of an infrared sensor and lodges in the pores of a humidity element, and the shift it causes does not appear until the reading is compared with a reference. (20.5)
20.6 Control valves, thermowells, flow switch tees, and pressure taps shall be delivered to the piping installer before the section they serve is closed and pressure tested.

21 Warranty

21.1 Field devices shall be warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for the period indicated in the datasheet, measured from the date of substantial completion.
Field Device Warranty Periodrange
Not less than
years
1235
21.2 Where field devices are furnished under the same contract as the building automation system, warranty coverage, repair, and response for the devices shall be as required under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system.
21.3 Carbon dioxide sensors shall be warranted to remain within their specified measurement error without field recalibration for the period indicated in the datasheet.
Carbon Dioxide Sensor Calibration Warranty Periodrange
Not less than
years
123571015
NOTE A defects warranty covers a sensor that stops working; a calibration warranty covers one that keeps working and reads wrong, which for a demand-controlled ventilation sensor is the failure that costs energy or ventilation. (21.4)
21.5 Where a device is repaired or replaced under warranty, the repaired or replaced device shall carry a new warranty of the same term from the date of the repair, or the remainder of the original term, whichever ends later.

22 Spare Parts

22.1 Spare sensors and actuators of the classes listed under Building Automation SystemBuilding Automation SystemResolves to the current adopted revision.sync/building-automation-system shall be furnished as required there.
22.2 The Contractor shall deliver the additional spare devices indicated in the datasheet at substantial completion.
Additional Spare Devices Delivered at Substantial Completioncheckbox
☐ Thermostats of each model installed
☑ Current switches of each model installed
☐ Low-temperature limit switches of each model installed
☐ Differential pressure switches of each model installed
☐ Condensate overflow switches of each model installed
☐ Water leak detectors of each type installed
☐ Carbon dioxide sensing modules of each model installed
☐ Humidity sensing elements of each model installed
☑ One full replacement set of wireless sensor batteries
☐ Actuator auxiliary switch kits of each model installed
☐ Thermowells of each size installed
☐ Stem packing kits for each control valve model NPS 2-1/2 and larger
☐ Electro-pneumatic transducers of each model installed
22.3 Spare devices of each selected class shall be furnished in the quantity indicated in the datasheet.
Spare Device Quantity per Classrange
Not less than
units
123510
22.4 Spare devices shall match the installed devices in model, range, and firmware, and shall be turned over against a written inventory signed by the Owner's representative.
NOTE Spare sensors with polymer humidity elements or infrared optics age in storage, and a spare kept for five years can be no better than the device it replaces; the inventory records the delivery date so the Owner can rotate them. (22.5)

Written and maintained by SynC. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.