Medium-Voltage Cables
Rewritten to own MV cable end to end: voltage class and insulation level derived from the system, shield grounding arrangement, splices, terminations and the field test method (VLF, tan delta, PD) that acceptance testing defers here.
Showing changes from Rev 2
to Rev 3
in Medium-Voltage Cables.
---
title: Medium-Voltage Cables
category: Electrical
−toc_depth: 3
description: >
− When to use: Shielded medium-voltage power cable rated 5 kV through 35 kV (5, 15, 25, and 35 kV classes) for primary distribution in commercial, institutional, and industrial facilities. Covers EPR- and XLPE-insulated single- and multi-conductor MV-90/MV-105 cable; selection of voltage class, insulation level, and shield type; procurement; pulling and installation in duct bank, conduit, cable tray, and direct burial; splicing and terminating; and field acceptance testing of primary feeders from utility service entrance or substations to switchgear, unit substations, MCCs, and transformer primaries.
− Not intended for: Low-voltage power wiring 600 V and below (see [[sync/conductors-and-cables]]); the underground duct bank, conduit, and manhole systems that house MV cable (see [[sync/underground-ductbank]]); the medium-voltage switchgear, breakers, and interrupter switches the cable feeds (see [[sync/medium-voltage-switchgear]]); secondary unit substations and their internal secondary wiring (see [[sync/secondary-unit-substations]]); power-factor capacitor banks and their feeder cables (see [[sync/power-system-capacitors]]); high-voltage transmission cable above 46 kV; and bare overhead or aerial covered conductors on poles.
+ When to use: Shielded extruded-dielectric power cable rated 2.4 kV through 35 kV, in the 5 kV, 8 kV, 15 kV, 25 kV, 28 kV, and 35 kV classes, purchased and installed by the Owner's contractor for primary distribution on a campus, a plant, or a building site, from the service point or the substation to the switchgear, the transformer, the unit substation, or the motor it feeds. Covers the conductor, the insulation compound and temperature rating, the voltage class and insulation level, the shield construction, the jacket and armor, single-conductor and multi-conductor assemblies, listing, the ampacity basis, pulling limits, splices, terminations and separable connectors, shield grounding, arc-proofing in manholes, identification, factory tests, the field withstand test method, voltage, and duration and the diagnostic tests, installation in duct, conduit, tray, and direct burial, delivery, warranty, and spares.
+ Not intended for: building wire and power cable rated 1000 V and below ([[sync/conductors-and-cables]]); the concrete-encased and direct-buried conduit system the cable is pulled through ([[sync/underground-ductbank]]); the below-grade structures the cable is spliced and racked in ([[sync/utility-manholes-and-handholes]]); the open-top support system and the conduit that carry it above grade ([[sync/cable-tray]], [[sync/raceways-and-conduit]]); the equipment at either end of the run and the space it provides inside its own enclosure ([[sync/medium-voltage-switchgear]], [[sync/metal-enclosed-interrupter-switchgear]], [[sync/secondary-unit-substations]], [[sync/medium-voltage-transformers]], [[sync/medium-voltage-drives]]); metal-enclosed bus ([[sync/medium-voltage-bus-duct]]); the grounding electrode system and the bonding of systems rated 1000 V and below ([[sync/grounding-and-bonding]]); instrumentation and control circuits and their conductors ([[sync/instrumentation-and-control-cable]]); the testing organization, its instruments, its report, and the energization release ([[sync/electrical-acceptance-testing]]); cable rated above 35 kV; paper-insulated lead-covered cable; aerial and messenger-supported cable; and cable owned by the serving utility on the utility side of the service point.
---
# Scope {toc}
−## This specification covers the selection, procurement, installation, splicing, termination, and field acceptance testing of shielded medium-voltage power cable rated 5 kV through 35 kV for primary distribution systems in commercial, institutional, and industrial facilities. {note}
+## This standard governs shielded extruded-dielectric power cable rated 2.4 kV through 35 kV, from the reel to the energized circuit: the construction the cable is ordered to, the listing it carries, the basis its conductor size rests on, the limits it is pulled within, the splices, terminations, and separable connectors it is made up with, how its shield is grounded, how it is protected and identified in manholes, the factory tests, the field withstand test that releases it for energization, and the warranty and spares that follow it. {note}
−## The scope encompasses single-conductor and multi-conductor extruded-dielectric cable insulated with ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR, Type MV-105) or cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE, Type MV-90), in voltage classes of 5 kV, 15 kV, 25 kV, and 35 kV, installed in concrete-encased duct bank, conduit, cable tray, underground vaults, or by direct burial. {note}
+## Medium-voltage cable fails at the places a person made it: the splice, the termination, and the length that was pulled too hard or bent too tight. The factory dielectric is proven on every reel before it ships, and almost every in-service failure traces to field work, which is why this standard spends most of its length on the splicer, the pull, the shield, and the withstand test rather than on the cable itself. {note}
−## Primary feeders in scope run from the utility point of delivery or facility substation to medium-voltage switchgear, unit substations, motor control centers, and transformer primaries, on campus distribution loops and industrial plant primary systems where power is distributed above 2,000 V. {note}
+## Two decisions fix the cable: the voltage class, which follows from the system voltage, and the insulation level, which follows from how the system is grounded and how long a ground fault is allowed to stand. Both are stated here as derived values with their rule, so that a project that knows its system voltage and its grounding method gets the cable that system needs, and a project that wants a heavier cable selects it deliberately. {note}
−## A medium-voltage cable failure interrupts the entire downstream distribution served by the feeder, and the dominant failure modes — termination and splice workmanship, shield discontinuity, and damage during pulling — are introduced during installation rather than manufacture. The requirements of this standard reflect that consequence and concentrate on the field operations that determine in-service reliability. {note}
+## The following are governed elsewhere and are outside this standard: {note}
−## This standard is inseparable from [[sync/underground-ductbank]], which governs the duct bank, conduit, and manhole systems through which most cable in scope is pulled; the cable terminates into equipment governed by [[sync/medium-voltage-switchgear]] and [[sync/secondary-unit-substations]]; and coordination with the low-voltage systems of [[sync/conductors-and-cables]] is required where MV feeders supply transformers stepping down to building distribution. {note}
+- building wire and power cable rated 1000 V and below, under [[sync/conductors-and-cables]]
+- the duct bank, its conduit, its encasement, and its building entries, under [[sync/underground-ductbank]]
+- the manholes, handholes, and vaults, their covers, racks, pulling irons, and drainage, under [[sync/utility-manholes-and-handholes]]
+- cable tray and its fill and support, under [[sync/cable-tray]], and above-grade conduit, under [[sync/raceways-and-conduit]]
+- the switchgear, interrupter switchgear, unit substation, transformer, and drive the cable terminates at, and the compartment, bushing, or terminal chamber each provides for the termination, under [[sync/medium-voltage-switchgear]], [[sync/metal-enclosed-interrupter-switchgear]], [[sync/secondary-unit-substations]], [[sync/medium-voltage-transformers]], and [[sync/medium-voltage-drives]]
+- metal-enclosed bus, which is the alternative to a cable connection where the current or the voltage puts the run beyond cable, under [[sync/medium-voltage-bus-duct]]
+- the grounding electrode system, the ground bus, and the bonding of systems rated 1000 V and below, under [[sync/grounding-and-bonding]]; the grounding of the cable's own shield is governed here
+- the testing organization, its technicians and instruments, the safety practice, the deficiency process, the report, and the energization release for the field tests, under [[sync/electrical-acceptance-testing]]; the test method, voltage, and duration are governed here
+- the through-penetration firestop system where a cable passes through a rated assembly, under [[sync/firestopping]]
+- cable rated above 35 kV, paper-insulated lead-covered cable, aerial and messenger-supported cable, and cable on the utility side of the service point
−## This standard does not cover low-voltage cable rated 600 V and below, the raceway and civil duct-bank systems that house MV cable, the switchgear and interrupter equipment fed by the cable, capacitor-bank feeders, high-voltage transmission cable above 46 kV, or bare overhead and aerial covered conductors. {note}
+## The circuits within this standard and the equipment each terminates at shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the one-line diagram]].
+## The Contractor shall coordinate the termination space, the bushing or lug interface, and the shield ground connection at each end of every circuit with the standard governing the equipment there before the cable is released for manufacture.
+
# Referenced Standards {toc}
−## Equipment, materials, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
+## Cable, accessories, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
−## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
+## Where the contract documents, the cable or accessory manufacturer's published instructions, the Authority Having Jurisdiction, or two referenced standards impose conflicting requirements, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
| Standard | Title |
|----------|-------|
+| NFPA 70 | National Electrical Code (Article 311, Medium Voltage Conductors and Cable, and the over-1000 V provisions of Articles 110, 250, 300, and 305) |
+| NFPA 70E | Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace |
| UL 1072 | Medium-Voltage Power Cables |
−| ICEA S-93-639 / ANSI/NEMA WC74 | 5-46 kV Shielded Power Cable for Transmission and Distribution of Electric Energy |
−| ICEA S-97-682 / ANSI/NEMA WC71 | Shielded Utility Cable Rated 5 through 46 kV |
−| AEIC CS8 | Extruded Dielectric Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 through 46 kV |
−| IEEE 48 | Test Procedures and Requirements for AC Cable Terminations 2.5 kV through 765 kV |
−| IEEE 404 | Cable Joints for Extruded Dielectric Cable Rated 5000 V through 46,000 V |
−| IEEE 400 | Field Testing and Evaluation of the Insulation of Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV and Above |
−| IEEE 400.2 | Field Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems Using Very Low Frequency (VLF) (less than 1 Hz) |
−| IEEE 835 | Power Cable Ampacity Tables |
−| IEEE 1202 | Flame-Propagation Testing of Wire and Cable |
−| NFPA 70 (NEC) Article 310 | Conductors for General Wiring (ampacity tables 310.60(C)) |
−| NFPA 70 (NEC) Article 328 / 340 | Type MV Medium Voltage Cable |
+| UL 1569 | Metal-Clad Cables |
+| UL 1685 | Vertical-Tray Fire-Propagation and Smoke-Release Test for Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables |
+| ANSI/NEMA WC 74 / ICEA S-93-639 | 5-46 kV Shielded Power Cable for Use in the Transmission and Distribution of Electric Energy |
+| ICEA S-94-649 | Concentric Neutral Cables Rated 5 through 46 kV |
+| ANSI/NEMA WC 71 / ICEA S-97-682 | Utility Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 through 46 kV |
+| ICEA P-32-382 | Short-Circuit Characteristics of Insulated Cable |
+| ICEA P-45-482 | Short-Circuit Performance of Metallic Shields and Sheaths on Insulated Cable |
+| ICEA P-54-440 / NEMA WC 51 | Ampacities of Cables Installed in Cable Trays |
+| AEIC CS8 | Specification for Extruded Dielectric Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 through 46 kV |
+| IEEE 48 | Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV |
+| IEEE 386 | Separable Insulated Connector Systems for Power Distribution Systems Rated 2.5 kV through 35 kV |
+| IEEE 404 | Extruded and Laminated Dielectric Shielded Cable Joints Rated 2.5 kV to 500 kV |
+| IEEE 400 | Guide for Field Testing and Evaluation of the Insulation of Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV and Above |
+| IEEE 400.2 | Guide for Field Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems Using Very Low Frequency (VLF) (less than 1 Hz) |
+| IEEE 400.3 | Guide for Partial Discharge Field Diagnostic Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems in a Field Environment |
+| IEEE 400.4 | Guide for Field Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV and Above with Damped Alternating Current (DAC) Voltage |
+| IEEE 575 | Guide for Bonding Shields and Sheaths of Single-Conductor Power Cables Rated 5 kV through 500 kV |
+| IEEE 835 | Standard Power Cable Ampacity Tables |
+| IEEE 1185 | Recommended Practice for Cable Installation in Generating Stations and Industrial Facilities |
+| IEEE 1202 | Standard for Flame-Propagation Testing of Wire and Cable |
+| ASTM B3 | Soft or Annealed Copper Wire |
| ASTM B8 | Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors, Hard, Medium-Hard, or Soft |
+| ASTM B33 | Tin-Coated Soft or Annealed Copper Wire for Electrical Purposes |
| ASTM B496 | Compact Round Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors |
+| ASTM B231 | Concentric-Lay-Stranded Aluminum 1350 Conductors |
+| ASTM B400 | Compact Round Concentric-Lay-Stranded Aluminum 1350 Conductors |
+| ASTM B801 | Concentric-Lay-Stranded Conductors of 8000 Series Aluminum Alloy for Subsequent Covering or Insulation |
+| ANSI/NETA ATS | Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems (Section 7.3.3) |
# Submittals {toc}
## Action Submittals {toc}
−### The Contractor shall submit the following action submittals for review before fabrication or procurement:
+### The Contractor shall submit the following for review before any cable or accessory is released for manufacture or purchase:
−- Product data for the proposed cable, identifying voltage class, insulation level, insulation type, conductor size and material, shield type, and jacket material
−- Cable construction cross-section drawing showing conductor, conductor shield, insulation, insulation shield, metallic shield, and jacket with stated thicknesses
−- Manufacturer's published ampacity and derating data for the proposed installation configuration
−- Manufacturer's maximum pulling tension and minimum bend radius for the proposed cable
−- Product data for splice kits and termination kits, identifying type, voltage class, and conductor size range, with IEEE 404 and IEEE 48 class designation
−- Cable pulling plan identifying pull points, calculated tension and sidewall bearing pressure, lubricant, and feed/take-up arrangement
+- product data for each cable construction, stating the voltage class, the insulation level, the insulation compound and its temperature rating, the conductor material, size, and stranding, the shield construction, the jacket material, the armor where furnished, the listings and markings carried, and the manufacturer's published maximum pulling tension, maximum sidewall bearing pressure, and minimum bending radius
+- a cross-section drawing of each cable construction giving the nominal and minimum thickness of each layer, the overall diameter, and the weight per unit length
+- the manufacturer's statement of the shield short-circuit capability of each construction, with the available ground-fault current and the clearing time it was checked against
+- the ampacity of each circuit in its installed configuration, with the soil thermal resistivity, the earth or air ambient temperature, the load factor, the duct bank or tray arrangement, and the derating applied
+- product data and installation instructions for each splice kit, termination kit, and separable connector, stating its IEEE 404, IEEE 48, or IEEE 386 designation, its voltage class, and the cable construction and conductor size range it fits
+- the shield grounding arrangement for each circuit, showing every point at which the shield is bonded to ground and, where a shield is grounded at one end only, the sheath voltage limiter and the insulated far end
+- a pulling plan for every pull, giving the feed and take-up points, the calculated tension at the take-up end and the sidewall bearing pressure at each bend, the pulling attachment, the lubricant, and the measuring device
+- product data for the arc-proofing tape, the identification tags, and the end seals
```datasheet
label: Action Submittals
type: checkbox
options:
− - Cable product data (class, insulation level/type, size, shield, jacket)
− - Cable construction cross-section with layer thicknesses
− - Ampacity and derating data for installation configuration
− - Maximum pulling tension and minimum bend radius
− - Splice and termination kit data with IEEE 404/IEEE 48 class
− - Cable pulling plan with calculated tension and sidewall pressure
+ - "Cable product data with pulling and bending limits"
+ - "Cable cross-section drawing with layer thicknesses"
+ - "Shield short-circuit capability statement"
+ - "Ampacity of each circuit in its installed configuration"
+ - "Splice, termination, and separable connector kit data and instructions"
+ - "Shield grounding arrangement for each circuit"
+ - "Pulling plan with tension and sidewall pressure for every pull"
+ - "Arc-proofing tape, identification tag, and end seal data"
default:
− - Cable product data (class, insulation level/type, size, shield, jacket)
− - Cable construction cross-section with layer thicknesses
− - Ampacity and derating data for installation configuration
− - Maximum pulling tension and minimum bend radius
− - Splice and termination kit data with IEEE 404/IEEE 48 class
− - Cable pulling plan with calculated tension and sidewall pressure
+ - "Cable product data with pulling and bending limits"
+ - "Cable cross-section drawing with layer thicknesses"
+ - "Shield short-circuit capability statement"
+ - "Ampacity of each circuit in its installed configuration"
+ - "Splice, termination, and separable connector kit data and instructions"
+ - "Shield grounding arrangement for each circuit"
+ - "Pulling plan with tension and sidewall pressure for every pull"
+constraint: all_of
```
+### No cable shall be released for manufacture, and no pull shall begin, before the action submittals covering it have been reviewed and returned.
+
## Informational Submittals {toc}
−### The Contractor shall submit the following informational submittals:
+### The Contractor shall submit the following as the work proceeds:
−- Manufacturer's certified factory test reports per ICEA S-93-639 and AEIC CS8 for each reel furnished
−- Certification that the cable is UL 1072 listed as Type MV for cable installed within buildings or structures
−- Qualification records for splicing and terminating technicians per the Quality Assurance requirements
−- Cable reel logs identifying reel number, length, and footage marker correlation for each run
+- the certified factory test report for each reel furnished, identified by reel number, giving every measured value of the production tests under Factory Tests
+- a reel schedule correlating each reel number with its length, its cable construction, and the circuits cut from it
+- the certification and experience record of every splicer who will make a splice or termination on the project, as required under Splicer Qualifications
+- the record of the demonstration splice and termination, where the datasheet requires one
+- the pulling log for every pull, giving the recorded tension, the lubricant used, the date, and the crew
+- the withstand test method, voltage, frequency, and duration for each circuit, furnished to the testing organization for the test plan it prepares under [[sync/electrical-acceptance-testing]]
```datasheet
label: Informational Submittals
type: checkbox
options:
− - Certified factory test reports (ICEA S-93-639 / AEIC CS8)
− - UL 1072 Type MV listing certification
− - Splicer/terminator qualification records
− - Cable reel logs with footage correlation
+ - "Certified factory test report for each reel"
+ - "Reel schedule by reel number and circuit"
+ - "Splicer certification and experience records"
+ - "Demonstration splice and termination record"
+ - "Pulling log for every pull"
+ - "Withstand test parameters for each circuit"
default:
− - Certified factory test reports (ICEA S-93-639 / AEIC CS8)
− - UL 1072 Type MV listing certification
− - Splicer/terminator qualification records
− - Cable reel logs with footage correlation
+ - "Certified factory test report for each reel"
+ - "Reel schedule by reel number and circuit"
+ - "Splicer certification and experience records"
+ - "Pulling log for every pull"
+ - "Withstand test parameters for each circuit"
+constraint: all_of
```
## Closeout Submittals {toc}
−### The Contractor shall submit the following closeout submittals before final acceptance:
+### The Contractor shall submit the following before the cable system is accepted:
−- Field acceptance test reports for each cable run, including insulation resistance, shield continuity, and VLF withstand results
−- Record drawings showing as-installed cable routing, splice locations, and termination points
−- Cable identification schedule correlating circuit designations to installed runs
+- the field acceptance test report for every circuit, compiled under [[sync/electrical-acceptance-testing]], giving the shield continuity, the insulation resistance before and after the withstand test, the withstand test method, voltage, frequency, and duration with the result, and the tan delta or partial discharge data where those tests were performed
+- record drawings showing the as-installed route of every circuit, the duct or tray it occupies, the location of every splice by structure, the location and type of every termination, and the phase at each termination
+- the as-built conduit and cable schedule, giving for each circuit the cable construction, the reel it was cut from, and the footage markings at each end
+- the cable identification schedule correlating each circuit designation with its tags
+- the warranty documentation for the cable and for the accessories
+- a signed receipt from the Owner for the spare parts delivered
```datasheet
label: Closeout Submittals
type: checkbox
options:
− - Field acceptance test reports (IR, shield continuity, VLF)
− - As-installed record drawings with splice/termination locations
− - Cable identification schedule
+ - "Field acceptance test report for every circuit"
+ - "Record drawings with route, splice, and termination locations"
+ - "As-built conduit and cable schedule with reel and footage data"
+ - "Cable identification schedule"
+ - "Warranty documentation"
+ - "Spare parts receipt"
default:
− - Field acceptance test reports (IR, shield continuity, VLF)
− - As-installed record drawings with splice/termination locations
− - Cable identification schedule
+ - "Field acceptance test report for every circuit"
+ - "Record drawings with route, splice, and termination locations"
+ - "As-built conduit and cable schedule with reel and footage data"
+ - "Cable identification schedule"
+ - "Warranty documentation"
+constraint: all_of
```
# Quality Assurance {toc}
−## Cable manufacturers shall be regularly engaged in the production of shielded medium-voltage cable to ICEA S-93-639 or ICEA S-97-682 and shall hold current UL 1072 listing for the products furnished.
+## Manufacturer Qualifications {toc}
−## Splicing and terminating are the operations most determinative of in-service reliability, because removing the semiconducting shield and reconstructing the electrical-stress geometry by hand at every joint and termination introduces stress concentrations that the factory dielectric never sees. This standard therefore qualifies the technician, not only the materials. {note}
+### The cable shall be produced by a manufacturer that has manufactured shielded extruded-dielectric cable of the voltage class and insulation compound furnished for not less than the period indicated in the datasheet.
−### Cable splices and terminations shall be made only by technicians certified by the splice and termination kit manufacturer for the specific kit, voltage class, and conductor size installed.
+```datasheet
+label: Manufacturer Production Experience
+type: range
+unit: years
+options:
+ min: 0
+ max: 20
+ setpoints: [0, 3, 5, 10, 20]
+default: 5
+constraint: min
+```
−### The Contractor shall submit documented evidence of at least three years of medium-voltage cable splicing and terminating experience for each technician performing the work.
+### The manufacturer shall operate a quality management system certified to ISO 9001 or shall demonstrate an equivalent documented system to the Engineer of Record's satisfaction.
−### Semiconducting shield material shall be removed only with manufacturer-approved scoring and removal tools, and shall never be removed by knife scoring that notches the insulation.
+### Splice kits, termination kits, and separable connectors shall be products of a manufacturer that has produced accessories of that type and voltage class for not less than five years, and each kit shall have passed the design tests of IEEE 404, IEEE 48, or IEEE 386 as applicable.
−## Each cable run, splice, and termination shall be field tested and accepted before the feeder is energized.
+## Listing {toc}
−## A single voltage class, insulation type, and shield construction should be standardized across a project wherever the system voltage permits, so that one set of splice kits, termination kits, and trained technicians serves the entire installation.
+### The listing basis of the cable shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+```datasheet
+label: Listing Basis
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Listed and marked Type MV to UL 1072"
+ - "Utility cable to ICEA S-97-682 or ICEA S-94-649 without a Type MV listing"
+default: "Listed and marked Type MV to UL 1072"
+```
+
+### Unless the datasheet selects utility cable for a system that is outside the scope of NFPA 70 under its Article 90, the cable shall be listed and marked Type MV to UL 1072 and installed in accordance with NFPA 70 Article 311.
+
+### Type MV is the only medium-voltage cable NFPA 70 recognizes for premises wiring, so every circuit on the Owner's side of the service point under that code carries the listing; utility cable built to the ICEA utility specifications is the same construction without the listing evaluation, and it is selected by an Owner whose distribution system is operated as a utility system exempt from the code. {note}
+
+### Cable installed in cable tray shall in addition be marked for cable tray use, cable installed outdoors in air or on a riser shall be marked sunlight resistant, and cable buried without a raceway shall be marked for direct burial, each marking being a listing condition under UL 1072.
+
+## Splicer Qualifications {toc}
+
+### Every splice, termination, and separable connector shall be made by a splicer who holds the kit manufacturer's current certification for the kit type, the voltage class, and the cable construction being made up.
+
+### Every splicer shall have made splices and terminations on shielded cable of the voltage class furnished for not less than the period indicated in the datasheet, and shall list in the experience record the projects on which that work was done.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Splicer Medium-Voltage Splicing Experience
+type: range
+unit: years
+options:
+ min: 0
+ max: 10
+ setpoints: [0, 2, 3, 5, 10]
+default: 3
+constraint: min
+```
+
+### Whether each splicer makes a demonstration splice and termination before production work shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Splicer Demonstration Splice and Termination
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Required of each splicer before production work"
+ - "Not required"
+```
+
+### Where a demonstration is required, each splicer shall make one splice and one termination of each kit type on a sample of the project cable, the sample shall pass the withstand test under Testing, and the splicer shall not make a production splice or termination until the sample has passed.
+
+### A splice is an insulation system built by hand around a conductor, in a manhole, at the rate the schedule allows, and the quality of the stress control it establishes is set by the person who scored the insulation shield and shaped the pencil, not by the kit; the demonstration is how a project finds out before the first production splice is buried that a splicer's hands match the certificate. {note}
+
+### Where the Contractor and the Engineer of Record disagree whether a splicer's experience meets this article, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.
+
+## Field Testing Organization {toc}
+
+### The field acceptance tests under Testing shall be performed by the testing organization qualified under [[sync/electrical-acceptance-testing]], with the instruments, the safety practice, the deficiency process, and the report that standard requires.
+
# Environmental and Service Conditions {toc}
−## The voltage class of the cable shall match the system nominal operating voltage; a 13.8 kV system requires 15 kV class cable, not 5 kV class cable.
+## Wet and Underground Locations {toc}
−## The most common error in medium-voltage cable specification is selecting a voltage class below the system operating voltage. Voltage class denotes the system band the cable insulation geometry is designed for, not a withstand margin. The 15 kV class is by far the most common for US campus, healthcare, university, and large commercial primary distribution because the prevalent 13.2 kV and 13.8 kV systems fall within it. {note}
+### Every underground duct, every manhole, every handhole, and every direct-buried length shall be treated as a wet location, and the cable, the splices, and the terminations in them shall be rated for continuous immersion.
−### The cable voltage class shall be selected to equal or exceed the system nominal voltage band as scheduled.
+### Where any duct, manhole, or splice lies below [[parameter: seasonal-high-groundwater-elevation]], every splice in that structure shall be a submersible splice rated by its manufacturer for continuous operation under water, and the manufacturer shall state the rated depth in the product data.
+### A duct bank drains toward its manholes and a manhole holds water for part of every year in most of the country, so the splice at its floor spends its life submerged whatever the drawings assumed; a splice kit rated for immersion seals the jacket interface against that water, and one that is not lets it reach the shield within a few seasons. {note}
+
+## Ambient Conditions and Altitude {toc}
+
+### The ampacity of cable installed in air outdoors shall be based on [[parameter: site-ambient-temperature-maximum]], and the ampacity of cable installed in air indoors on the design ambient of the space and not less than 40 °C.
+
+### Terminations installed in air shall provide the external leakage distance IEEE 48 requires for the voltage class, corrected for [[parameter: altitude]] in accordance with the termination manufacturer's published altitude factors where the site is above 1000 m.
+
+### The solid insulation of the cable does not care about altitude, but the air along the surface of a termination does: its dielectric strength falls as the air thins, so a termination that has the creepage IEEE 48 requires at sea level flashes over at a lower voltage on a high site unless its skirts are lengthened. {note}
+
+## Installation Temperature {toc}
+
+### Cable shall not be pulled, bent, or trained when the cable temperature is below the manufacturer's published minimum installation temperature, which shall be taken as -10 °C where the manufacturer publishes none.
+
+### Where [[parameter: site-ambient-temperature-minimum]] is below the minimum installation temperature, the Contractor shall hold each reel in a heated space at not less than 10 °C for the 24 hours before its pull and shall complete the pull before the cable cools below the limit.
+
+### A cold jacket and a cold insulation shield crack rather than stretch at a bend, and the crack is under the jacket where no inspection finds it; the cable then passes its withstand test dry and fails when water reaches the shield. {note}
+
+# Voltage Class and Insulation Level {toc}
+
+## Voltage Class {toc}
+
+### The nominal phase-to-phase system voltage, the system grounding method, and the ground-fault clearing time of each circuit shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the one-line diagram]].
+
+### The cable voltage class shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Voltage Class
−type: radio
+type: range
+unit: kV
+derived: "the nominal phase-to-phase system voltage of the circuit as indicated on the one-line diagram, taken as the lowest class whose rating equals or exceeds that voltage"
options:
− - 5 kV (systems 2.4-4.16 kV)
− - 15 kV (systems 4.16-13.8 kV)
− - 25 kV (systems 14.4-22 kV)
− - 35 kV (systems 23-34.5 kV)
−default: 15 kV (systems 4.16-13.8 kV)
+ min: 5
+ max: 35
+ setpoints: [5, 8, 15, 25, 28, 35]
+default: derived
+constraint: min
```
−## Insulation level expresses how long the cable insulation must tolerate the phase-to-phase voltage appearing across an unfaulted phase during a ground fault, which depends on the system grounding and the protective relaying. The 100% level suits solidly grounded systems that clear a fault in one minute or less; 133% suits systems that clear within one hour or are impedance/resistance grounded; 173% suits ungrounded systems or those that operate faulted indefinitely. {note}
+### The voltage class shall be not less than the lowest class whose rated voltage equals or exceeds the nominal phase-to-phase system voltage: 5 kV through 5 kV, 8 kV through 8 kV, 15 kV through 15 kV, 25 kV through 25 kV, 28 kV through 28 kV, and 35 kV through 35 kV.
−## Most facility systems are not solidly grounded with sub-minute fault clearing, so the default insulation level for the typical facility application is 133%. Specifying 100% level on a system that does not meet its grounding and clearing conditions under-insulates the cable for the fault duty it will actually see. {note}
+### The class names the band of system voltages the insulation geometry was designed for, not a margin over the operating voltage: a 4.16 kV system is a 5 kV class cable, a 12.47 kV or 13.8 kV system is a 15 kV class cable, a 24.9 kV system is a 25 kV class cable, and a 34.5 kV system is a 35 kV class cable. A class above the one the system needs buys a thicker insulation and a larger cable, which some Owners select on a 4.16 kV system so that one 15 kV class cable, one kit family, and one splicer certification serve the whole plant. {note}
−### The insulation level shall be selected to match the system grounding configuration and fault-clearing time as scheduled.
+## Insulation Level {toc}
−### The insulation level shall not be specified below 133% unless the system is solidly grounded with fault clearing of one minute or less.
+### The insulation level shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
label: Insulation Level
−type: radio
+type: range
+unit: '%'
+derived: "the system grounding method and the ground-fault clearing time of the circuit as indicated on the one-line diagram, per the insulation level definitions of ICEA S-93-639"
options:
− - 100% (solidly grounded, fault cleared in 1 min or less)
− - 133% (impedance/resistance grounded or fault cleared in 1 hr or less)
− - 173% (ungrounded or indefinite faulted operation)
−default: 133% (impedance/resistance grounded or fault cleared in 1 hr or less)
+ min: 100
+ max: 173
+ setpoints: [100, 133, 173]
+default: derived
+constraint: min
```
−## The installation method governs the ampacity derating, the required jacket and armor, and the mechanical protection the cable receives, so it shall be established before conductor size is finalized. {note}
+### The insulation level shall be not less than 100 percent where the circuit is on a system whose relaying clears a ground fault within one minute, not less than 133 percent where a ground fault is cleared within one hour, and 173 percent where a ground fault is allowed to stand for longer than one hour or the clearing time is indefinite.
−### The installation method shall be coordinated with [[sync/underground-ductbank]] and applied as the basis for ampacity derating.
+### A ground fault on one phase raises the voltage on the two unfaulted phases toward the phase-to-phase value for as long as the fault stands, and the insulation level is the thickness margin for that duration: 100 percent is the solidly grounded system whose breaker trips at once, 133 percent is the resistance-grounded system that alarms and runs for up to an hour, or any system an Owner wants a thicker wall on, and 173 percent is the ungrounded or resonant-grounded system that runs faulted until someone finds it. A level above the one the grounding needs costs a thicker insulation and a larger cable, and 133 percent on a solidly grounded system is the margin many facility Owners select against the fault that is cleared slower than the study assumed. {note}
+## Insulation Thickness {toc}
+
+### The nominal and minimum insulation thickness shall be not less than ICEA S-93-639, or ICEA S-94-649 for a concentric neutral cable, requires for the voltage class and insulation level, and the manufacturer shall state both values in the cross-section drawing.
+
+### The insulation thickness follows from the voltage class and the insulation level by the tables of the cable standard, so it is not a project selection; the two values above fix it, and the cross-section drawing is where the reviewer confirms that the cable offered carries the wall those two values require. {note}
+
+# Conductor {toc}
+
+## Conductor Material {toc}
+
+### The conductor material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Installation Method
+label: Conductor Material
type: radio
options:
− - Concrete-encased duct bank
− - Conduit only
− - Cable tray
− - Direct buried
− - Underground vault routing
−default: Concrete-encased duct bank
−drawing_ref: "MV cable routing plan"
+ - "Copper"
+ - "Aluminum"
+default: "Copper"
```
−## The default design value for soil thermal resistivity (RHO) in direct-buried and duct-bank ampacity calculations is 90 °C·cm/W; values above 90 °C·cm/W reduce ampacity and require a larger conductor for the same load.
+### Copper conductors shall be annealed copper to ASTM B3, uncoated, or tin-coated to ASTM B33 where the insulation compound requires a coated conductor.
−## The designer shall verify the actual site soil RHO and use measured values when available for direct-buried and duct-bank ampacity calculations.
+### Aluminum conductors shall be 1350-H19 aluminum or 8000 series aluminum alloy as the manufacturer's listed construction provides, and every lug, connector, and separable connector on an aluminum conductor shall be listed for aluminum.
+### Copper carries a given current in a smaller conductor, pulls a smaller and lighter cable into a smaller duct, and terminates in any medium-voltage lug or elbow made; aluminum costs less per ampere at the larger sizes, needs a conductor one or two sizes larger and the duct and the lug to match, and depends on a bimetallic or aluminum-rated connector and a connector preparation that the splicer does right. Facility distribution is usually copper and utility distribution is usually aluminum, and both are made in every class and construction under this standard. {note}
+
+## Conductor Size {toc}
+
+### The conductor size of each circuit shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Soil Thermal Resistivity (RHO) for Ampacity Calculation
−type: range
−unit: °C·cm/W
−min: 60
−max: 150
−step: 5
−default: 90
+label: Conductor Size
+type: select
+drawing_ref: "the conduit and cable schedule"
+options:
+ - "8 AWG"
+ - "6 AWG"
+ - "4 AWG"
+ - "2 AWG"
+ - "1 AWG"
+ - "1/0 AWG"
+ - "2/0 AWG"
+ - "3/0 AWG"
+ - "4/0 AWG"
+ - "250 kcmil"
+ - "350 kcmil"
+ - "500 kcmil"
+ - "750 kcmil"
+ - "1000 kcmil"
+default: deferred
```
−# Cable Construction {toc}
+### The conductor shall be not smaller than the minimum size UL 1072 and ICEA S-93-639 permit for the voltage class, and shall be sized by the Engineer of Record for the load, the voltage drop, the short-circuit withstand of ICEA P-32-382 at the available fault current and clearing time, and the ampacity basis under this standard.
−## Insulation type is the central material choice. EPR (Type MV-105) operates at 105 °C and XLPE (Type MV-90) at 90 °C; the 15 °C higher operating temperature of EPR yields a meaningful ampacity advantage, and EPR is more flexible and easier to terminate in the confined manholes and switchgear cubicles typical of facility work. EPR is therefore the usual choice for institutional and facility primary feeders, while XLPE remains a valid lower-cost choice for straightforward duct-bank runs. {note}
+## Stranding and Water Blocking {toc}
−### The insulation type shall be EPR (Type MV-105) or XLPE (Type MV-90) as scheduled, and the type selected shall be consistent across all cable furnished for a given feeder.
+### The conductor stranding shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
−label: Insulation Type
+label: Conductor Stranding
type: radio
options:
− - EPR / ethylene-propylene rubber (MV-105, 105 °C)
− - XLPE / cross-linked polyethylene (MV-90, 90 °C)
−default: EPR / ethylene-propylene rubber (MV-105, 105 °C)
+ - "Class B concentric round"
+ - "Class B compressed round"
+ - "Class B compact round"
```
−## Insulation thickness is fixed by the ICEA S-93-639 / NEMA WC74 tables for the selected voltage class and insulation level and shall never be specified below the standard minimum. For 15 kV at 133% level, the minimum is 175 mils for both EPR and XLPE; the specifier shall confirm the value for the actual class and level against the current edition. {note}
+### Copper stranding shall comply with ASTM B8 for concentric and compressed round conductors and with ASTM B496 for compact round conductors, and aluminum stranding with ASTM B231 or ASTM B801 for concentric and compressed round conductors and with ASTM B400 for compact round conductors.
−### Insulation thickness shall equal or exceed the ICEA S-93-639 / NEMA WC74 minimum for the specified voltage class and insulation level.
+### Concentric round stranding is the full-diameter conductor every lug and connector is dimensioned around; compressed stranding reduces the diameter by about three percent and fits the same connectors; compact stranding reduces it by about ten percent, which yields a smaller cable and a lower pulling tension in a crowded duct, and it requires a connector or a lug sized for the compact diameter, which is a different part number from the one for the same size concentric conductor. Manufacturers offer compressed or compact as their standard construction by class, so no one stranding is the norm across the scope. {note}
−## Conductor material for facility primary feeders is standardly copper, which is the default; aluminum is a cost-driven alternative that, for equal ampacity, requires a larger conductor and correspondingly larger conduit. {note}
+### The conductor water blocking shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−### The conductor material shall be copper or aluminum as scheduled.
−
```datasheet
−label: Conductor Material
+label: Conductor Water Blocking
type: radio
options:
− - Copper
− - Aluminum
−default: Copper
+ - "Unfilled strand"
+ - "Water-blocked strand with a filling compound or swellable material"
```
−## Conductor stranding shall comply with ASTM B8 for concentric round or ASTM B496 for compact round; compact round is commonly specified for medium-voltage cable to reduce overall diameter and improve the seal of pre-molded fittings. {note}
+### A water-blocked strand stops water that enters at a damaged jacket or an open end from travelling along the strand interstices to the next splice; it adds cost, and it adds a cleaning step at every termination that the kit instructions describe. It is used on direct-buried and submerged cable and on utility concentric neutral cable, and it is left out of most facility duct bank cable, so the field carries no default. {note}
−### Conductor stranding shall be Class B concentric round, compact round, or compressed as scheduled, complying with ASTM B8 or ASTM B496.
+# Insulation and Shields {toc}
+## Insulation Compound and Temperature Rating {toc}
+
+### The insulation compound shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Conductor Stranding
+label: Insulation Compound
type: radio
options:
− - Class B concentric round (ASTM B8)
− - Compact round (ASTM B496)
− - Compressed
−default: Compact round (ASTM B496)
+ - "Ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR)"
+ - "Tree-retardant cross-linked polyethylene (TR-XLPE)"
```
−## The metallic shield carries charging and fault return current and establishes the ground reference around the insulation. A helical copper tape shield is the standard construction for shielded feeders; concentric neutral construction is used where the system neutral must be continuously grounded along the entire run, as in some direct-buried distribution. The two are not interchangeable: they have different fault-current return capacity and different installation handling. {note}
+### Ethylene-propylene rubber stays flexible at low temperature, is easier to train and terminate in a tight cable compartment or manhole, tolerates water in the insulation without treeing, and carries a higher dielectric loss, which matters on a long run at 25 kV and above and is of no consequence at 5 kV and 15 kV; tree-retardant cross-linked polyethylene has the lower dielectric loss, is stiffer, costs less per foot at the larger sizes, and depends on its tree-retardant additive and a clean, dry extrusion to resist water treeing over its life. Both are listed Type MV in every class under this standard, both are made with a 105 °C rating, and facility and utility practice divide between them by region and by Owner history. {note}
−### The metallic shield shall be copper tape or concentric neutral as scheduled.
+### The conductor temperature rating of the insulation shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
−label: Shield Type
−type: radio
+label: Conductor Temperature Rating
+type: range
+unit: °C
options:
− - Copper tape shield (5 mil, helical)
− - Concentric neutral (full neutral)
− - Concentric neutral (one-third neutral)
−default: Copper tape shield (5 mil, helical)
+ min: 90
+ max: 105
+ setpoints: [90, 105]
+default: 105
+constraint: min
```
−## Copper tape shield shall be a minimum of 5 mil thick applied helically; the overlap determines the fault-return path quality, with 12.5% being the minimum and 25% commonly specified for a more robust return path.
+### The insulation shall be rated for continuous operation at the conductor temperature indicated, for emergency overload and short-circuit operation at the temperatures ICEA S-93-639 assigns to the compound, and shall be listed MV-90 or MV-105 to UL 1072 as the rating requires.
−### Copper tape shield overlap shall be a minimum of 12.5%, and shall be 25% where scheduled for enhanced fault-return capacity.
+### Where the conductor temperature rating is 105 °C, the ampacity claimed for the circuit shall be taken from the 90 °C column unless every termination and every item of equipment the cable lands on is identified for a 105 °C conductor, in accordance with NFPA 70 110.40.
+### The 105 °C rating is the construction nearly every manufacturer now ships in both compounds, and it buys an emergency overload capacity and a thermal margin the 90 °C rating does not; its higher ampacity column is claimed only where the lugs and the equipment are identified for it, which most switchgear and transformer terminations are not, so on most projects the 105 °C cable is sized from the 90 °C column and the extra rating is margin rather than capacity. {note}
+
+## Conductor Shield and Insulation Shield {toc}
+
+### The conductor shield shall be an extruded semiconducting thermoset layer, bonded to the insulation and free of protrusions into it beyond the limits of the cable standard.
+
+### The insulation shield shall be an extruded semiconducting thermoset layer, strippable from the insulation by hand or by a stripping tool within the stripping tension range the cable standard assigns, so that the insulation surface is left smooth and free of semiconducting residue.
+
+### The insulation shield shall be identified by its color or by a legend so that it is not mistaken for the insulation during preparation of a splice or termination.
+
+### The two semiconducting layers are what make a shielded cable: the conductor shield smooths the field over the strand surface and the insulation shield holds the outer surface of the insulation at ground so that the stress is radial and contained. Every splice and termination begins by removing the insulation shield to a precise length and ending it in a stress cone, and a shield that strips unevenly or leaves residue leaves a point of concentrated stress where the kit cannot control it. {note}
+
+## Metallic Shield {toc}
+
+### The metallic shield construction shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Copper Tape Shield Overlap
−type: radio
+label: Metallic Shield Construction
+type: select
options:
− - 12.5% overlap (minimum)
− - 25% overlap
−default: 25% overlap
+ - "Helically applied copper tape"
+ - "Longitudinally corrugated copper tape (LC shield)"
+ - "Concentric round copper wires"
+ - "Flat copper straps"
```
−## Concentric neutral sizing shall be a full neutral for direct-buried runs; a one-third neutral is acceptable only for duct-bank runs where the available fault current is limited by system relay coordination.
+### A helical copper tape shield is the facility construction: it is thin, it adds little to the diameter, it carries charging current and the short-circuit current its thickness and overlap allow, and it terminates with a solder or constant-force-spring ground connection that every kit provides for. A longitudinally corrugated tape shield is a continuous copper sheet folded around the core with a sealed overlap, which carries more fault current than a helical tape, blocks radial water ingress, and bends less freely. Concentric round wires are the utility construction: the wires are a neutral as well as a shield, they carry a full-neutral or a fractional-neutral current and a high fault current, and they add diameter and weight. Flat copper straps carry a higher fault current than a tape at less diameter than wires and are a utility and industrial construction. Which construction a project uses follows from the fault current the shield must carry and from whether the shield is also the system neutral. {note}
−## The jacket protects the shield and insulation from the installation environment and governs flame and smoke behavior inside buildings; the material shall be selected for the installation environment and any flame or low-smoke requirement.
+### The metallic shield shall carry the available ground-fault current of the circuit for the clearing time of its ground-fault protection without exceeding the shield temperature limit ICEA P-45-482 assigns to the shield and jacket materials, and the manufacturer shall state the shield short-circuit capability in the product data.
−### The cable jacket shall be PVC, LLDPE, HDPE, or LSZH as scheduled.
+### A helically applied copper tape shield shall be not less than 5 mil thick and shall be applied with an overlap of not less than 12.5 percent, and the overlap shall be stated in the cross-section drawing.
−### Where PVC jacket is specified, the minimum jacket thickness shall be 80 mils for cables up to approximately 1.5 in outside diameter per ICEA S-93-639.
+### Where concentric round copper wires are selected, the total cross-sectional area of the wires as a share of the phase conductor area shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
+label: Concentric Neutral Size
+type: range
+unit: '% of phase conductor area'
+options:
+ min: 8.3
+ max: 100
+ setpoints: [8.3, 16.7, 33.3, 100]
+constraint: min
+```
+
+### A full neutral carries the phase current of a single-phase or an unbalanced circuit and is the construction of a single-phase utility lateral; a one-third neutral is the three-phase utility feeder construction, where the three neutrals together equal one phase conductor; the one-sixth and one-twelfth neutrals are the three-phase constructions at the largest conductor sizes, where a one-third neutral would be far larger than any fault or unbalance needs. A concentric neutral cable of any fraction shall comply with ICEA S-94-649 and shall be ordered with the neutral size stated. {note}
+
+### Where the shield is also the grounded neutral of the circuit, its size shall also satisfy the neutral current and the fault return duty the Engineer of Record states on the one-line diagram.
+
+# Jacket, Armor, and Assembly {toc}
+
+## Jacket {toc}
+
+### The jacket material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
label: Jacket Material
−type: radio
+type: select
options:
− - PVC
− - LLDPE
− - HDPE
− - LSZH (low-smoke zero-halogen)
−default: PVC
+ - "Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)"
+ - "Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)"
+ - "High-density polyethylene (HDPE)"
+ - "Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)"
+ - "Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE)"
+ - "Low-smoke zero-halogen polyolefin (LSZH)"
+default: "Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)"
```
−## Cable installed in cable tray or conduit inside buildings shall meet the FT4 flame-propagation requirement of IEEE 1202.
+### A polyvinyl chloride jacket is the facility jacket: it passes the flame tests cable tray and building installation require, resists oil and most chemicals, strips cleanly for a kit, and is the lowest in cost; it is the stiffest of the group in cold weather and the least abrasion resistant in a long duct pull. The polyethylene jackets are the utility jackets: they are tougher in a pull, absorb almost no water, and tolerate direct burial and cold better than PVC, and they do not pass the flame tests, so they stay out of buildings and tray. Chlorinated and chlorosulfonated polyethylene are the industrial jackets, flame-resistant and oil-, ozone-, and sunlight-resistant together, at a higher cost. A low-smoke zero-halogen jacket is specified where the cable runs through an occupied space, a tunnel, or a transit or data facility whose Owner limits the smoke and the acid gas a fire produces, and it is softer and less abrasion resistant than the others. {note}
−## Cable configuration is single-conductor or multi-conductor. Single-conductor construction is the dominant choice at 15 kV and above and for most facility feeders; multi-conductor (3C or 3C with ground) is common at 5 kV for compact branch feeders in tighter routing. {note}
+### The jacket shall be extruded over the metallic shield, shall be of the thickness ICEA S-93-639 requires for the cable diameter, and shall be marked along its length at intervals not exceeding 24 in. with the manufacturer, the voltage class, the insulation level, the conductor size and material, the insulation compound and temperature rating, the listing, and a sequential footage marking.
−### The cable configuration shall be single-conductor or multi-conductor as scheduled.
+### Cable installed where it is exposed to sunlight shall carry a jacket listed as sunlight resistant.
+### Cable installed in a raceway in a corrosive soil, in a chemical area, or where petroleum products are present shall carry a jacket the manufacturer has rated for that exposure, and the Contractor shall state the exposure in the product data.
+
+## Cable Assembly {toc}
+
+### The cable assembly shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Cable Configuration
+label: Cable Assembly
type: radio
options:
− - Single-conductor
− - Three-conductor (3C)
− - Three-conductor with ground (3C+G)
−default: Single-conductor
+ - "Single-conductor"
+ - "Triplexed single-conductor"
+ - "Three-conductor with an overall jacket"
+ - "Three-conductor with grounding conductors and an overall jacket"
+default: "Single-conductor"
```
−## Cable installed within buildings or structures shall be UL 1072 listed as Type MV; utility-class cable manufactured only to ICEA S-97-682 shall not be used inside structures unless it also carries the UL 1072 Type MV listing required by the NEC.
+### Three single conductors are pulled into one duct, trained separately in the manhole and the cable compartment, and spliced and terminated one at a time with single-conductor kits, which is the facility duct bank construction; a triplexed assembly is three single conductors cabled together at the factory, which pulls as one cable, lays in tray and in direct burial as one, and terminates with the same single-conductor kits; a three-conductor cable carries three shielded conductors under one jacket, with or without bare grounding conductors in the interstices, which is the tray and armored construction and the one used where a single round cable is wanted through a gland or a sealing fitting, at a larger diameter and a larger bending radius than the three singles it replaces. {note}
−# Ampacity and Conductor Sizing {toc}
+### Where a three-conductor cable with grounding conductors is selected, the grounding conductors shall be sized in accordance with NFPA 70 250.122 for the overcurrent device protecting the circuit, and the sum of their areas shall be stated in the product data.
−## Conductor size shall be established from the NEC Table 310.60(C) series and IEEE 835 for the actual installation configuration, with all applicable derating applied. Common facility feeders fall between 4/0 AWG and 500 kcmil copper; for reference, 4/0 AWG copper EPR 15 kV in duct is approximately 260-290 A and 500 kcmil approximately 370-400 A before derating, with the exact value set by the installation conditions. {note}
+### The three phase conductors of a circuit shall be installed in the same duct, raceway, or tray section, and single conductors of one circuit shall not be run in separate ferrous raceways.
−### The conductor size shall be selected from NEC Table 310.60(C) and IEEE 835 for the scheduled installation configuration and shall carry the connected load after derating.
+## Armor {toc}
−### All applicable derating factors shall be applied, including conduit fill above three current-carrying conductors, elevated ambient soil temperature, parallel duct groupings, and soil RHO above 90 °C·cm/W.
+### The cable armor shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
−label: Conductor Size
+label: Armor
type: select
options:
− - "#2 AWG"
− - "#1 AWG"
− - "1/0 AWG"
− - "2/0 AWG"
− - "4/0 AWG"
− - 250 kcmil
− - 350 kcmil
− - 500 kcmil
− - 750 kcmil
− - 1000 kcmil
−default: 4/0 AWG
−drawing_ref: "MV one-line diagram"
+ - "None"
+ - "Interlocked aluminum armor"
+ - "Interlocked galvanized steel armor"
+ - "Continuous corrugated welded aluminum sheath"
+default: "None"
```
−## Cable ampacity shall be coordinated with the served transformer kVA, the fuse or relay protection, and the cable impedance, so that the feeder cable is not the thermal weak link of the circuit even when the overcurrent device is correctly sized.
+### Unarmored cable in duct, conduit, or tray is the construction of nearly every facility feeder, and the raceway provides the mechanical protection. Interlocked armor over a three-conductor or triplexed core makes the cable a Type MC assembly listed to UL 1569 as well as UL 1072, which is run in tray and on supports without a raceway in an industrial plant and is terminated through an armor fitting; aluminum armor is the lighter and nonmagnetic armor for a three-conductor core and galvanized steel the stiffer and more crush-resistant one. A continuous corrugated welded aluminum sheath is an armor and a moisture barrier in one, used where the cable is exposed to water under pressure, to rodents, or to crushing, at the highest cost and the largest bending radius. {note}
−### The feeder cable ampacity shall coordinate with the upstream protective device rating and the downstream transformer kVA such that the cable is protected against overload and short circuit.
+### Where armor is selected, the armored cable shall be listed to UL 1569 as Type MC with the medium-voltage rating marked, shall carry an overall jacket over the armor, and shall be terminated with fittings listed for the armor type and cable diameter.
−## The cable shall not exceed its temperature limits in any operating state: 90 °C continuous for XLPE and 105 °C for EPR, 130 °C (XLPE) or 140 °C (EPR) emergency overload, and 250 °C short-circuit.
+### Where the armor or sheath is relied on as an equipment grounding conductor, it shall be listed for that use and bonded at every termination in accordance with the fitting manufacturer's instructions.
−# Terminations and Splices {toc}
+## Flame and Tray Ratings {toc}
−## Terminations and splices are engineered fittings, not generic field assemblies; using a misclassed or generic fitting is a leading cause of in-service medium-voltage cable failure. Terminations shall be selected by class per IEEE 48 and splices by type per IEEE 404, matched to the cable construction, voltage class, and conductor size. {note}
+### Cable installed in a cable tray, in a vertical shaft, or exposed inside a building shall have passed the flame propagation test of IEEE 1202 or UL 1685 at the 70,000 Btu/h flame source, and the test shall be stated in the product data.
−### Cable terminations shall comply with IEEE 48 and shall be selected by class for the indoor or outdoor service condition.
+### A polyethylene jacket does not pass the vertical tray flame test, so a cable in tray or exposed indoors is PVC, CPE, CSPE, or LSZH jacketed, and a cable that runs from a duct bank into a tray carries the flame-rated jacket over its whole length or is spliced to a flame-rated cable where it enters the building. {note}
−### Cable splices and joints shall comply with IEEE 404 and shall be rated for the cable voltage class and conductor size.
+# Ampacity Basis {toc}
−## Termination type is selected for the service condition. Heat-shrink and cold-shrink terminations are common for both indoor and outdoor use; pre-molded (push-on) terminations and separable connectors suit dead-front equipment interfaces; fluid-filled terminations serve specific outdoor applications. {note}
+## The ampacity of each circuit shall be determined from the ampacity tables of NFPA 70 for conductors rated 2001 V through 35 000 V for the installed configuration, or by the method of IEEE 835 where the installation does not match a table condition, with the correction factors for the actual conditions applied.
−### The termination type shall be heat-shrink, cold-shrink, pre-molded, or fluid-filled as scheduled, and shall be IEEE 48 Class 1 for outdoor or wet-location terminations.
+## The ampacity of cable in a duct bank or buried shall be calculated using the soil thermal resistivity indicated in the datasheet, or a measured value where the Engineer of Record furnishes one.
```datasheet
+label: Soil Thermal Resistivity for Ampacity Calculation
+type: range
+unit: °C·cm/W
+options:
+ min: 60
+ max: 200
+ setpoints: [60, 90, 120, 150, 200]
+default: 90
+constraint: exact
+```
+
+## The ampacity of cable in a duct bank or buried shall be calculated using the earth ambient temperature indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Earth Ambient Temperature for Ampacity Calculation
+type: range
+unit: °C
+options:
+ min: 15
+ max: 30
+ setpoints: [15, 20, 25, 30]
+default: 20
+constraint: exact
+```
+
+## The underground ampacity tables of NFPA 70 and IEEE 835 are computed at a soil thermal resistivity of 90 °C·cm/W and an earth ambient of 20 °C at a 100 percent load factor, which is why those are the values that apply without knowing anything about the site; a dry sandy or volcanic soil reads 150 °C·cm/W or more and takes a third off the ampacity, a wet clay reads 60 and adds to it, and a southern site or a duct bank beside a steam line runs warmer than 20 °C. Where the soil has been measured, the measured value governs, and a site whose soil is unknown and whose duct bank is loaded near its rating is a site whose soil is worth measuring before the cable is bought. {note}
+
+## The ampacity of cable in a cable tray shall be determined in accordance with NFPA 70 Article 392 and ICEA P-54-440 for the tray fill and the cable arrangement, and the cable spacing the calculation assumes shall be maintained in the tray.
+
+## Where more than one circuit occupies a duct bank or a tray, the mutual heating of the circuits shall be included in the ampacity of each, and the ampacity submitted shall be for the duct or tray position the circuit occupies as indicated on [[drawing: the duct bank sections and the cable tray routing plans]].
+
+# Splices, Terminations, and Separable Connectors {toc}
+
+## Terminations {toc}
+
+### Every termination of a shielded cable in air shall be a termination kit complying with IEEE 48 for the voltage class and the cable construction, and shall establish stress control at the end of the insulation shield, external leakage insulation over the exposed insulation, and a seal at the conductor end as its class requires.
+
+### The termination type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
label: Termination Type
−type: radio
+type: select
options:
− - Heat-shrink
− - Cold-shrink
− - Pre-molded (push-on)
− - Separable connector (dead-front)
−default: Cold-shrink
+ - "Cold-shrink"
+ - "Heat-shrink"
+ - "Pre-molded slip-on"
+ - "Porcelain or polymer-housed outdoor termination"
+ - "Hand-taped"
```
+### A cold-shrink termination is a pre-stretched silicone or EPDM body released onto the prepared cable from a removable core, which needs no heat source, fits a range of cable diameters per kit, and is the termination most facility work now uses in a cable compartment; a heat-shrink termination is a set of tubes and a stress-control mastic recovered with a torch or a hot-air gun, which costs less per kit, fits a wider diameter range, and depends on the splicer applying heat evenly in a space where a torch may not be welcome; a pre-molded slip-on termination is a molded body pushed over the insulation, sized closely to one cable diameter, and installed in the least time where the cable is the size the body was made for; a housed outdoor termination carries the external insulation on porcelain or polymer skirts and is the termination of a riser pole, an outdoor bus connection, and a transformer with cover-mounted bushings; a hand-taped termination is the stress cone built up from tapes by a splicer trained in the method, which fits any cable and takes the longest and is the most dependent on the hand that built it. {note}
+
+### Every termination outdoors, in a wet location, in an unheated enclosure, or on a transformer or switchgear with a terminal chamber open to outdoor air shall be IEEE 48 Class 1.
+
+### The termination class of terminations indoors in a dry location shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Termination Service Condition
+label: Indoor Termination Class
type: radio
options:
− - Indoor (Class 2 / Class 3 per IEEE 48)
− - Outdoor / wet location (Class 1 per IEEE 48)
−default: Indoor (Class 2 / Class 3 per IEEE 48)
+ - "Class 1"
+ - "Class 2"
+ - "Class 3"
+default: "Class 1"
```
−## Splice type shall match the cable construction and the splice location, which may be a manhole, a direct-buried location, or a vault.
+### A Class 1 termination provides stress control, full external leakage insulation, and a seal against the environment, and it is the one most projects use at every termination so that one kit family serves indoors and out; a Class 2 termination provides stress control and external leakage insulation with no seal, and a Class 3 termination provides stress control only, which suits a termination inside a sealed or conditioned compartment where no moisture reaches it and a smaller body is wanted. {note}
−### The splice type shall be heat-shrink, cold-shrink, or pre-molded as scheduled, complying with IEEE 404.
+### Every termination shall be furnished with a grounding provision for the metallic shield, a conductor lug or a connector matched to the conductor material, size, and stranding, and, where the terminated conductor is aluminum, a connector listed for aluminum.
+### The cable lug or connector at each termination shall be compression type, installed with the tool and die the connector manufacturer specifies, and shall be rated for the voltage class and the conductor.
+
+## Separable Connectors {toc}
+
+### Where the cable terminates at dead-front equipment, it shall be terminated with a separable insulated connector complying with IEEE 386 for the voltage class, the continuous current, and the bushing interface of the equipment, of the interface indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
+label: Separable Connector Interface
+type: select
+derived: "the bushing interface and the continuous current rating of the dead-front equipment the cable terminates at, as its equipment standard selects them"
+options:
+ - "200 A loadbreak elbow"
+ - "200 A deadbreak elbow"
+ - "600 A deadbreak T-body"
+ - "600 A deadbreak T-body with a 200 A loadbreak reducing tap"
+default: derived
+```
+
+### A 200 A loadbreak elbow mates to a 200 A bushing well insert or integral bushing and is operated with a hot stick to make and break load current, which is the interface of a pad-mounted transformer and of a loop-fed switch; a 200 A deadbreak elbow mates to the same interface and is operated only de-energized; a 600 A deadbreak T-body bolts to an apparatus bushing, carries the current of a feeder or a loop and the cable sizes a 200 A elbow does not accept, and is operated only de-energized; a T-body with a loadbreak reducing tap adds a 200 A loadbreak interface on the T-body for a test point, a grounding elbow, or a surge arrester. The interface follows the equipment, which is why the field derives from it. {note}
+
+### The separable connector accessories furnished shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Separable Connector Accessories
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Capacitive test point with a cap on every elbow and T-body"
+ - "Grounding elbow for every parked position"
+ - "Insulated protective cap for every unused bushing"
+ - "Elbow-type surge arrester at every open point of a loop"
+ - "Faulted-circuit indicator at every elbow"
+default:
+ - "Capacitive test point with a cap on every elbow and T-body"
+ - "Grounding elbow for every parked position"
+ - "Insulated protective cap for every unused bushing"
+constraint: all_of
+```
+
+### Every separable connector shall be furnished with the compression connector for the conductor material and size, the cable adapter for the cable diameter, the shield ground braid, and the semiconducting jacket, and the connector shall be installed with its shield drain wire bonded to the equipment ground.
+
+### An elbow-type surge arrester at the open point of a loop protects the cable from the voltage doubling that a surge produces at an open end, where the switchgear arresters at the source do not reach; the arrester is a cable accessory at that point and is governed here, while the arresters on the transformer and in the switchgear are governed by the standards for that equipment. {note}
+
+## Splices {toc}
+
+### Every splice shall be a joint kit complying with IEEE 404 for the voltage class and the cable construction, rated for the splice location, and installed with a compression connector for the conductor material, size, and stranding.
+
+### The splice type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
label: Splice Type
−type: radio
+type: select
options:
− - Heat-shrink
− - Cold-shrink
− - Pre-molded
−default: Cold-shrink
+ - "Cold-shrink"
+ - "Heat-shrink"
+ - "Pre-molded"
+ - "Hand-taped"
```
−## Every metallic shield shall be grounded at terminations, and shield continuity and ground resistance shall be verified, because an ungrounded or poorly grounded shield is both a personnel hazard and a cause of accelerated insulation aging.
+### A cold-shrink splice is a pre-stretched body released from its core over the joint, with no heat source in the manhole and a diameter range per kit; a heat-shrink splice is recovered with a torch or hot-air gun over a mastic stress-control system at a lower kit cost and a greater dependence on even heating in a confined, often wet, structure; a pre-molded splice is a molded body slid over the joint and sized closely to one cable, which is the fastest to install on the cable it fits and the one most often used where the splice must be a rated submersible splice; a hand-taped splice is built up from tapes by a trained splicer and fits any pair of cables, including two different constructions, at the longest installation time. {note}
−### The metallic shield shall be grounded at every termination.
+### Splices shall be made only in a manhole, a vault, a handhole rated for a splice, or a pull box, at the locations indicated on [[drawing: the site electrical plans]], and no splice shall be made inside a duct or a conduit.
−### Shield ground continuity shall be verified after termination.
+### No splice shall be made in a run that can be pulled in one length, and the Contractor shall obtain the Engineer of Record's written acceptance before a splice is added to a run at a location the drawings do not show.
−## Adequate cable slack shall be left at each termination point — typically 10 to 15 ft per termination in manholes — so that terminations can be made, future re-terminations are possible, and minimum bend radius is preserved at the tails.
+### A splice between two cables of different construction, conductor size, or insulation compound shall be a transition splice the kit manufacturer rates for that pair of cables.
−# Installation {toc}
+### Splices shall be supported on the cable rack with the cable trained so that no bending or tension is imposed on the splice body, and the splice shall not rest on the structure floor.
−## Medium-voltage cable insulation and semiconducting layers are permanently damaged by exceeding the minimum bend radius or the maximum sidewall bearing pressure during pulling, so these limits shall be calculated and observed throughout installation.
+## Workmanship at Splices and Terminations {toc}
−### The minimum installation bend radius shall be not less than 12 times the overall cable diameter for single-conductor unarmored cable, or the manufacturer's published value where greater.
+### Every splice and termination shall be made in accordance with the kit manufacturer's printed instructions for the kit, with the dimensions, the tools, and the sequence those instructions give, and a copy of the instructions shall be at the work location while the work is done.
+### The insulation shield shall be removed with a scoring tool set to the shield thickness, and the insulation shall be cut back with a penciling tool, and neither shall be removed with a knife that scores the insulation.
+
+### The exposed insulation shall be cleaned with the solvent and the wipe the kit manufacturer specifies, wiped from the insulation toward the shield and never back, and shall not be touched by hand after cleaning.
+
+### Splicing and terminating shall be done in a dry, clean, and lighted work space, and a splice in a manhole shall be made under a tent or cover with the structure pumped dry and the cable ends dry before the jacket is cut.
+
+### A cable end that has been open to water shall be cut back until the strand is dry, by not less than the length the cable manufacturer directs, before it is spliced or terminated, and a water-blocked strand that has been wetted shall be cut back as the manufacturer directs.
+
+### The shield ground connection at every splice and termination shall be made with the constant-force spring, the solder block, or the braid the kit provides, and the shield shall be continuous through every splice unless the shield grounding arrangement calls for it to be sectionalized there.
+
+### The work of a splice happens in the half-inch at the end of the insulation shield, where the radial field inside the cable turns into the field at a free surface. A knife nick in the insulation at that edge, a trace of semiconducting dust on the cleaned insulation, or a wipe pulled back from the shield onto the clean surface each leaves a conducting path or a void where the stress is highest, and each one fails months after it passes the withstand test. The instruction sheet in the manhole, the tools, and the dry tent are what keep the splicer's work on the geometry the kit was designed around. {note}
+
+# Shield Grounding {toc}
+
+## The shield grounding arrangement of each circuit shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Minimum Bend Radius (multiple of overall cable diameter)
+label: Shield Grounding Arrangement
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Multi-point, grounded at every termination and every splice"
+ - "Single-point, grounded at one termination with the far end insulated and protected by a sheath voltage limiter"
+ - "Cross-bonded in sections with the shields transposed at each sectionalizing joint"
+```
+
+## A shield grounded at every termination and splice carries a circulating current induced by the phase current, which heats the shield and reduces the ampacity by an amount that grows with the conductor size and the spacing between phases, and it holds the shield at ground everywhere, so that no standing voltage appears on it and no sheath voltage limiter is needed; this is the arrangement of nearly every facility circuit at 500 kcmil and below and in a duct bank. A shield grounded at one end carries no circulating current and gives up none of its ampacity, and it leaves the far end at a standing voltage proportional to the current and the run length that a sheath voltage limiter must hold during a fault, which is the arrangement of a large single-conductor circuit on a short run, such as a transformer secondary at 4.16 kV or a generator lead. Cross-bonding transposes the shields at sectionalizing joints so that the induced voltages cancel over three sections, and it is the arrangement of a long transmission-class circuit, available under this standard for the long campus feeder whose ampacity a grounded shield would take too much of. IEEE 575 is the guide for all three. {note}
+
+## Every metallic shield shall be grounded at every point the shield grounding arrangement calls for, through a shield ground conductor sized in accordance with NFPA 70 250.190(C) and the kit manufacturer's instructions, bonded to the ground bus or the ground terminal of the equipment at a termination and to the structure ground at a splice in a manhole.
+
+## Where the shield is grounded at one end, the insulated far end shall be terminated in a kit with an insulated shield break, the shield at that end shall be connected to ground through a sheath voltage limiter rated for the fault current and duration, and the standing voltage on the shield at full load current shall not exceed the limit indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Shield Standing Voltage Limit at the Ungrounded End
type: range
−unit: x diameter
−min: 8
−max: 18
−step: 1
−default: 12
+unit: V
+options:
+ min: 25
+ max: 150
+ setpoints: [25, 50, 65, 100, 150]
+constraint: max
```
−### The maximum pulling tension on copper conductors shall not exceed 0.008 times the conductor circular-mil area, expressed in pounds, or the manufacturer's published maximum where lower.
+## The standing voltage limit sets how long a single-point grounded run can be before its far end is a shock hazard to a person who touches the shield in a manhole: a low limit keeps the run short or forces a larger spacing between grounding points, and a higher limit is accepted by an Owner whose manholes are entered only by qualified persons who treat every shield as energized. Utilities commonly work to a limit near the low end of the range and industrial Owners to a higher one, so the field carries no default. {note}
−### The sidewall bearing pressure shall not exceed 300 lb/ft, or the manufacturer's published limit where lower.
+## Where the shield is cross-bonded, the sectionalizing joints shall be joints with insulated shield breaks and link boxes, the link boxes shall be accessible in a manhole, and the shield transposition shall be as shown on the shield grounding arrangement.
−### Cable shall be pulled with a manufacturer-approved lubricant compatible with the jacket and shall be monitored with a tension-measuring device during the pull.
+## Where the cable is a drive output cable, the shield shall be grounded at both ends whatever arrangement the datasheet selects, as [[sync/medium-voltage-drives]] requires for the common-mode current the drive imposes.
−## Cable shall be installed only when the cable temperature is above the manufacturer's minimum installation temperature, because jacket and insulation are susceptible to cracking when pulled cold.
+## The shield ground at every termination shall be verified for continuity to the equipment ground and recorded before the termination is covered.
−## Each cable run, splice, and termination shall be identified at every accessible point — manholes, vaults, and equipment terminations — with the circuit designation, so that runs can be traced and isolated for maintenance.
+# Arc-Proofing in Manholes and Vaults {toc}
−### Each cable shall be tagged with a permanent, legible circuit identification at every manhole, vault, pull point, and termination.
+## The extent of arc-proofing applied to cable in manholes and vaults shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## Spare conduits shall be reserved in the duct bank, and adequate bending and racking room shall be provided in manholes, in coordination with [[sync/underground-ductbank]], so that cable can be pulled, racked, and terminated without violating bend-radius limits. {note}
+```datasheet
+label: Arc-Proofing Extent
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Every cable and splice in every manhole and vault"
+ - "Every cable and splice in a manhole or vault shared by two or more circuits"
+ - "None"
+```
−# Testing {toc}
+## Arc-proofing tape wrapped over a cable and its splice in a manhole contains the arc of a fault on that cable long enough for the protection to clear it, so that the fault does not burn through the jacket of the cable racked beside it and take a second circuit, or the whole structure, out with the first. Arc-proofing every structure protects every circuit against its neighbor and against a fault that starts in its own splice; limiting it to shared structures protects the circuits that have a neighbor to lose and leaves a single-circuit manhole bare; omitting it is the practice of an Owner whose circuits never share a structure or who accepts the loss of a second feeder when a splice fails. A campus loop with two feeders in every manhole is the case the first option was written for. {note}
−## Field acceptance testing proves the integrity of the installed system after the operations most likely to have damaged it, and is performed before energization. The required tests are insulation resistance, shield continuity, and an AC withstand by the VLF method. {note}
+## Where arc-proofing is indicated, each cable and each splice in the structure shall be wrapped from duct mouth to duct mouth with a flexible arc- and fireproofing tape applied half-lapped, bound with a glass cloth tape at the intervals and with the overlap the tape manufacturer's instructions give, and the tape shall be applied over the identification tags with the tags re-applied on the outside.
−### Each cable run shall be insulation-resistance tested conductor-to-shield before and after the withstand test, and the results compared for consistency.
+## Where three single conductors of one circuit are racked together, they shall be arc-proofed as one bundle, and where they are racked apart each shall be arc-proofed separately.
−### Shield continuity and shield ground resistance shall be verified for each cable run.
+## Arc-proofing shall be applied after the circuit has passed its field acceptance tests and before the structure is closed.
−## DC hipot testing shall not be used on XLPE- or EPR-insulated medium-voltage cable, because DC voltage injects and traps space charge in extruded dielectric, causing latent dielectric damage and post-test failures. The acceptance withstand shall instead use the very-low-frequency (VLF) AC method of IEEE 400.2. {note}
+# Identification {toc}
−### Each cable run shall be subjected to a VLF AC withstand test at 0.1 Hz, at 2.5 times U0 (the phase-to-ground rated voltage) for 60 minutes, per IEEE 400 and IEEE 400.2.
+## Tags, markers, and lettering shall comply with [[sync/equipment-labeling]] for durability, lettering, and attachment where that standard addresses the material selected.
−### DC hipot test voltage and DC acceptance criteria shall not be applied to XLPE- or EPR-insulated cable.
+## Every cable shall carry an identification tag at each termination, at each entry to and exit from every manhole, vault, handhole, and pull box, at each splice, and at each end of every exposed run, stating the circuit designation from the one-line diagram, the system voltage, and the phase.
+## The tag material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Field Acceptance Test Method
+label: Cable Tag Material
type: radio
options:
− - VLF AC withstand at 0.1 Hz (IEEE 400.2)
− - Power-frequency AC withstand
− - Tan-delta diagnostic (supplemental)
−default: VLF AC withstand at 0.1 Hz (IEEE 400.2)
+ - "Stainless steel tag with stamped or embossed lettering on a stainless steel tie"
+ - "Engraved laminated plastic tag on a nylon tie"
+ - "Printed heat-shrink sleeve over the jacket"
```
+## A stainless steel tag survives decades in a flooded manhole, is read after a fire in the structure, and costs the most per tag; an engraved plastic tag is legible, resists water, and is the usual tag in a dry cable compartment and in a handhole; a printed heat-shrink sleeve cannot fall off and is applied before the cable is terminated, which suits a cable compartment, and it cannot be added to a cable already in place without cutting it loose. Many Owners use stainless steel in the manholes and plastic or sleeves in the equipment, so the field carries no default and the project may enter one material per location on the identification schedule. {note}
+
+## Each phase shall be identified at every termination and in every manhole by a phase tag or a band of colored tape in the Owner's phase color convention as indicated on [[drawing: the one-line diagram]], applied consistently with the phase sequence verified under Testing.
+
+## Each manhole, vault, and handhole the cable passes through shall carry, on its wall adjacent to the entry, a durable schedule of the circuits racked in it, where the structure standard does not provide one.
+
+## The jacket legend is the manufacturer's identification of the cable and the tag is the project's identification of the circuit; the first tells a splicer what cable is in hand and the second tells an operator which breaker to open before touching it, and a cable that carries only the first is a cable that is traced by lifting manhole covers. {note}
+
+# Testing {toc}
+
+## Factory Tests {toc}
+
+### Each cable construction furnished shall have passed the qualification tests of ICEA S-93-639 or ICEA S-94-649 as applicable and of AEIC CS8, and the manufacturer shall furnish the qualification test report for the construction on request.
+
+### Every reel shipped shall have passed the production tests the cable standard and AEIC CS8 require, including the partial discharge test, the AC voltage withstand test, the insulation resistance test, and the dimensional checks of every layer, and the certified report for the reel shall accompany it.
+
+### Factory test witnessing shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: VLF Withstand Voltage (multiple of U0)
−type: range
−unit: x U0
−min: 1.5
−max: 3
−step: 0.1
−default: 2.5
+label: Factory Tests Witnessed
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Witnessed by the Owner's representative"
+ - "Unwitnessed with a certified test report"
```
+### Where witnessed testing is indicated, the manufacturer shall give the Owner not less than two weeks notice of test readiness, and the reels witnessed shall be the reels shipped to the project.
+
+## Field Acceptance Tests {toc}
+
+### Every circuit shall receive the field acceptance tests indicated in the datasheet after it has been pulled, spliced, and terminated, after its shield grounds have been made, and before it is energized, in accordance with ANSI/NETA ATS Section 7.3.3 and [[sync/electrical-acceptance-testing]].
+
```datasheet
−label: VLF Withstand Duration
+label: Field Acceptance Tests
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Visual and mechanical inspection of the cable, the splices, the terminations, the shield grounds, the supports, and the tags"
+ - "Shield continuity and shield resistance of every phase from end to end"
+ - "Insulation resistance of every phase to shield and ground, for one minute, before the withstand test"
+ - "Withstand test of every phase by the method, at the voltage, and for the duration under Withstand Test"
+ - "Insulation resistance of every phase to shield and ground, for one minute, after the withstand test"
+ - "Phase sequence and phase identification verification at every termination"
+default:
+ - "Visual and mechanical inspection of the cable, the splices, the terminations, the shield grounds, the supports, and the tags"
+ - "Shield continuity and shield resistance of every phase from end to end"
+ - "Insulation resistance of every phase to shield and ground, for one minute, before the withstand test"
+ - "Withstand test of every phase by the method, at the voltage, and for the duration under Withstand Test"
+ - "Insulation resistance of every phase to shield and ground, for one minute, after the withstand test"
+ - "Phase sequence and phase identification verification at every termination"
+constraint: all_of
+```
+
+### Every field test shall be performed with the cable disconnected from the equipment at both ends, with every separable connector parked on an insulated parking bushing, with every surge arrester and every voltage transformer disconnected from the cable, and with the other two phases and every shield grounded.
+
+### Insulation resistance shall be measured at the test voltage ANSI/NETA ATS Table 100.1 assigns to the voltage class, and a reading below that table's minimum, or a reading after the withstand test lower than the reading before it by more than the testing organization's instrument tolerance, is a deficiency.
+
+### A shield whose resistance from end to end exceeds the value the cable manufacturer publishes for the length, or that differs from the other two phases of the same circuit by more than 10 percent, is a deficiency and shall be investigated at every splice before the withstand test is applied.
+
+### The cable is tested disconnected because the equipment at each end has its own withstand test at its own voltage, and a transformer winding, an arrester, or a voltage transformer left on the circuit either fails the cable's test or is damaged by it. The insulation resistance before and after bracket the withstand: a reading that drops across the test is the sign of a splice that the voltage damaged without breaking down. {note}
+
+## Withstand Test {toc}
+
+### The withstand test method shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Withstand Test Method
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Very low frequency sinusoidal AC withstand per IEEE 400.2"
+ - "Very low frequency cosine-rectangular AC withstand per IEEE 400.2"
+ - "Damped AC withstand per IEEE 400.4"
+ - "Power-frequency AC withstand per IEEE 400"
+ - "Direct-current withstand"
+ - "No withstand test, insulation resistance only"
+default: "Very low frequency sinusoidal AC withstand per IEEE 400.2"
+```
+
+### A very low frequency sinusoidal test stresses the insulation with an alternating voltage at 0.1 Hz, which a portable set can supply to a long cable because the charging current at that frequency is small, finds a defective splice or termination by breaking it down under test rather than in service, leaves no space charge behind, and is the method ANSI/NETA ATS and nearly every facility project now use; the cosine-rectangular waveform is the same test with a different set and a slightly different voltage table in IEEE 400.2; a damped AC test charges the cable and lets it ring down through an inductor at a power-frequency-like rate, which is gentler and is usually paired with partial discharge measurement; a power-frequency test is the factory test applied in the field, which needs a resonant test set sized to the cable capacitance and is seen on short runs and at the largest facilities; a direct-current test needs the smallest set of all and was the standard method for decades, and IEEE 400 advises against it on extruded insulation that has been in service because the space charge it leaves can shorten the life of aged insulation, while ICEA still publishes direct-current field voltages for new cable; a project that performs no withstand test relies on the factory test, the insulation resistance, and the splicer's qualification, which is the practice of some Owners on a short run that was pulled in one length with no splice. {note}
+
+### Where a very low frequency test is selected, it shall be applied phase by phase at the acceptance test voltage IEEE 400.2 assigns to the voltage class and the waveform, at 0.1 Hz, or at a lower frequency not below the lowest frequency IEEE 400.2 permits where the cable capacitance exceeds the test set's rating at 0.1 Hz, with the voltage adjusted for the frequency as that guide directs.
+
+### Where a damped AC test is selected, it shall be applied at the voltage and for the number of excitations IEEE 400.4 assigns to the voltage class, and where a power-frequency test is selected, at the voltage IEEE 400 assigns for an acceptance test on extruded cable.
+
+### Where a direct-current test is selected, it shall be applied at the field acceptance test voltage ICEA S-93-639 or ICEA S-94-649 publishes for the voltage class and insulation level of new cable, for 15 minutes, with the leakage current recorded at one-minute intervals, and a leakage current that rises during the final five minutes is a deficiency.
+
+### The withstand test duration for an alternating-current method shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Withstand Test Duration
type: range
unit: min
−min: 15
−max: 60
−step: 15
−default: 60
+options:
+ min: 15
+ max: 60
+ setpoints: [15, 30, 60]
+default: 30
+constraint: min
```
−### A cable that fails the withstand test shall not be energized; the fault shall be located, the affected splice or termination remade or the cable section replaced, and the run retested before acceptance.
+### A 30 minute very low frequency test is the duration IEEE 400.2 recommends for an acceptance test, long enough for a defect at the test voltage to grow to breakdown and the one most projects specify; a 60 minute test is the duration some Owners specify for a splice-heavy campus loop or for 25 kV and 35 kV cable, at the cost of a longer outage per phase; IEEE 400.2 permits the test to be shortened to 15 minutes where it is monitored by a tan delta measurement that holds stable, which is the duration a project with a monitored withstand selects. {note}
+### After every withstand test, the tested phase shall be grounded through a discharge resistor and then solidly grounded for not less than four times the test duration before any person touches it, as [[sync/electrical-acceptance-testing]] requires.
+
+### A circuit on which any phase breaks down, trips the test set, or fails to hold the test voltage for the full duration has failed the withstand test, and the circuit shall not be energized.
+
+## Diagnostic Tests {toc}
+
+### The diagnostic tests performed with the withstand test shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Diagnostic Tests with the Withstand Test
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Tan delta measurement per IEEE 400.2 at the steps that guide prescribes, before or during the withstand test"
+ - "Offline partial discharge measurement and mapping per IEEE 400.3 of every splice and termination"
+constraint: all_of
+```
+
+### Where tan delta is selected, the measurement shall be taken on each phase at the voltage steps IEEE 400.2 prescribes, the mean tan delta, its tip-up between steps, and its stability at each step shall be recorded, and a value in the range that guide classes as action required for the insulation compound is a deficiency.
+
+### Where partial discharge measurement is selected, every splice and termination shall be mapped at voltages up to the withstand voltage, and a splice or termination at which partial discharge incepts at or below the multiple of the phase-to-ground operating voltage indicated in the datasheet is a deficiency.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Partial Discharge Inception Voltage Floor
+type: range
+unit: × U0
+options:
+ min: 1.5
+ max: 2.5
+ setpoints: [1.5, 1.7, 2, 2.5]
+constraint: min
+```
+
+### A withstand test gives a pass or a breakdown and nothing between; the diagnostic tests give a number. Tan delta grades the whole insulation of a phase, finds water treeing and a contaminated or wet splice as a loss that rises with voltage, and sets the baseline every later maintenance test is compared against; partial discharge mapping finds the one splice among twenty in which a void or a shield edge is discharging at a voltage above operating but below withstand, which is the splice that fails in its second year, and it locates that splice to the manhole. A higher inception floor fails more splices and catches more marginal ones; a lower floor accepts a discharge that incepts closer to operating voltage. Both tests add a set, a technician, and time per phase, and the project that has them is the one whose splices were made in the field in the hundreds. {note}
+
+## Failures and Retesting {toc}
+
+### A circuit that fails a field acceptance test shall not be energized, and the Contractor shall report the failure to the Engineer of Record within one working day with the measured values.
+
+### The Contractor shall locate the fault, shall remake the splice or termination at which it occurred or replace the length of cable in which it occurred between the nearest splice points or terminations, and shall not repair a cable fault with a splice at a location the Engineer of Record has not accepted in writing.
+
+### A circuit on which a splice or termination has been remade or a length replaced shall be retested in full, including the withstand test for its full duration, and a circuit that has passed its withstand test shall not be retested at the withstand voltage unless it has since been opened.
+
+### The cost of locating the fault, of the repair, of every repeated test, and of every additional mobilization of the testing organization shall be borne by the Contractor, and a failure traced to a defect in the cable as manufactured shall be corrected by the manufacturer under its warranty at no cost to the Owner.
+
+### Where the Contractor and the testing organization disagree whether a result is a deficiency or whether a failure is a workmanship or a manufacturing defect, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.
+
+# Installation {toc}
+
+## Raceway and Route Readiness {toc}
+
+### Cable shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70 Article 311, the cable manufacturer's instructions, and IEEE 1185, by the method and along the route indicated on [[drawing: the site electrical plans and the conduit and cable schedule]].
+
+### No cable shall be pulled into a duct, conduit, or tray until that raceway has been proved under [[sync/underground-ductbank]] or [[sync/raceways-and-conduit]], mandrelled and swabbed where it is a duct, cleaned of water and debris, fitted with bushings or end bells at every end, and inspected by the Contractor for burrs and edges.
+
+### The Contractor shall confirm before each pull that the manhole or vault at each end has its cable racks and pulling irons installed under [[sync/utility-manholes-and-handholes]], that the structure is pumped dry, and that the equipment the cable terminates at has been set and its cable compartment is ready to receive the cable.
+
+### No cable shall be pulled into cable tray until the tray has been installed, supported, bonded, and inspected under [[sync/cable-tray]], and the cable shall be laid in the tray in the arrangement the ampacity calculation assumed.
+
+## Pulling {toc}
+
+### The pulling tension at the take-up end and the sidewall bearing pressure at every bend of every pull shall be calculated before the pull in accordance with IEEE 1185 and the cable manufacturer's method, and neither shall exceed the cable manufacturer's published maximum for the cable construction and the pulling attachment.
+
+### Where the calculated tension or sidewall pressure exceeds the manufacturer's limit, the Contractor shall report the conflict to the Engineer of Record before the pull, and shall not reduce it by pulling in a different direction, by adding a pull point, or by any other change to the route without the Engineer of Record's written acceptance.
+
+### The published limits depend on the attachment and on the cable: a pulling eye attached to the conductor carries a tension set by the conductor area and material, a basket grip over the jacket carries a much lower tension set by the jacket and the shield, and the sidewall pressure at a bend is set by the tension at that bend divided by the bend radius and limited by what the insulation shield and the metallic shield tolerate without deforming. The manufacturer publishes all three for each construction, and the calculation is the only way to know before the pull whether a long run with two bends near the take-up end is within them. {note}
+
+### Every pull shall be made with a pulling eye attached to the conductor, or with a basket grip over the jacket where the calculated tension is within the manufacturer's grip limit, with a swivel between the pulling line and the attachment, and the length under the grip or eye shall be cut off and discarded after the pull.
+
+### Every pull shall be made with a pulling lubricant the cable manufacturer has approved as compatible with the jacket, applied to the cable as it enters the raceway and in the quantity the lubricant manufacturer's coverage table gives for the raceway size and length.
+
+### The pulling tension recording on each pull shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Pulling Tension Recording
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Dynamometer or load cell on every pull with the tension recorded in the pulling log"
+ - "Dynamometer or load cell with the tension recorded where the calculated tension exceeds 75 percent of the limit"
+ - "No tension recording"
+default: "Dynamometer or load cell on every pull with the tension recorded in the pulling log"
+```
+
+### A tension reading on every pull is the only proof after the fact that the cable was not overstressed, it costs a load cell on the winch and a line in the log, and it is what most Owners of a medium-voltage system require; recording only the pulls the calculation shows to be near the limit saves the setup on the short and easy pulls and leaves the easy pull that went wrong unrecorded; no recording is the practice of a project whose pulls are all short and hand-fed, and it leaves the pulling log as the crew's word. {note}
+
+### Where a recorded tension exceeds the manufacturer's limit, the cable in that pull shall be removed and replaced at the Contractor's expense, whether or not it passes the field tests.
+
+### Cable shall be fed from the reel into the raceway over a sheave or a feed-in tube of a radius not less than the cable's minimum bending radius, from a reel stand that lets the reel turn freely, and shall not be pulled off the side of a stationary reel or dragged over an edge or across the ground.
+
+### Cable pulled through a manhole to a farther structure shall pass over sheaves or a radius guide at each duct mouth and each change of direction, of a radius not less than the minimum bending radius, and shall not bear on the duct mouth, the structure wall, or a cable rack during the pull.
+
+## Bend Radius and Training {toc}
+
+### No cable shall be bent, during the pull or when trained in place, to a radius less than the cable manufacturer's published minimum bending radius, and not less than the radius the conductor bending radius provision of NFPA 70 for conductors over 1000 V requires for its construction.
+
+### Cable shall be trained into a manhole, a vault, and a cable compartment in smooth bends of not less than the minimum bending radius, supported on racks or cleats at intervals that keep the cable off the floor and off sharp edges, and with no bend made at a splice or termination body.
+
+### A loop of slack of not less than one full training loop around the structure, or the length the drawings indicate where greater, shall be left on each cable in every manhole and vault through which it passes, racked on the structure wall, so that a splice can be made or remade in the structure without pulling new cable.
+
+### Cable in a cable compartment shall be trained so that each termination stands without strain on the lug or the elbow, and so that the terminations of the three phases are separated by the clearance the termination manufacturer and the equipment manufacturer require.
+
+### A cable bent below its minimum radius is a cable whose insulation shield has been stretched on the outside of the bend and buckled on the inside, and whose metallic tape has opened or wrinkled; neither recovers when the cable is straightened, and the gap in the shield is where the field concentrates for the rest of the cable's life. The radius matters most at the duct mouth, where the cable turns up the wall, and at the termination, where the installer is tempted to make the cable fit the compartment. {note}
+
+## Direct Burial {toc}
+
+### Cable buried without a raceway shall be listed and marked for direct burial, and shall be of a construction with a jacket or a sheath the manufacturer rates for the soil at the site.
+
+### Direct-buried cable shall be installed at not less than the minimum cover NFPA 70 requires for a circuit over 1000 V by the applicable burial depth table of the adopted edition, in a trench with a bed and a cover of sand or screened fill free of rock, with a warning tape at not less than 12 in. above the cable, and with the route marked at grade at each change of direction and at intervals not exceeding 100 ft.
+
+### Direct-buried cable shall be laid with slack to accommodate soil movement and thermal contraction, shall be installed in a raceway where it rises out of the ground and where it crosses under a roadway, and the transition from buried cable to raceway shall be a long-radius bend protected by a bushing or an end bell.
+
+### Three single conductors of a direct-buried circuit shall be laid in a flat or trefoil arrangement at the spacing the ampacity calculation assumed, and that spacing shall be stated on the record drawings.
+
+## Separation and Penetrations {toc}
+
+### Cable rated over 1000 V shall not occupy the same raceway, cable, tray section, or enclosure as conductors rated 1000 V and below, except where the separation provisions of NFPA 70 for conductors of different systems permit it in the equipment at a termination.
+
+### Where cable passes through a fire-resistance-rated wall or floor, the opening shall be closed with a through-penetration firestop system listed for the penetrating cable, installed under [[sync/firestopping]], after the cable has been pulled and before it is energized.
+
+### Where cable passes through a building entry from a duct bank, the duct shall be sealed around the cable with a listed duct seal or a mechanical seal under [[sync/underground-ductbank]] after the cable has passed its field tests, so that water and gas do not enter the building along the duct.
+
+## Cable in Manholes and Vaults {toc}
+
+### Cable in a manhole or vault shall be racked on the cable racks the structure provides, with one circuit per rack arm where the arrangement allows, with power cable racked on the wall opposite any communications cable, and with no cable resting on the floor, in the sump, or against a pulling iron.
+
+### Each splice shall be racked at a height above the structure floor that keeps it clear of standing water to the extent the rack arrangement allows, and shall be supported on an arm at each side of the splice body.
+
+### Cable shall be racked so that every cable in the structure can be identified, inspected, and arc-proofed without moving another, and so that a splice can be made on any cable in the structure without pulling it off its rack.
+
+### No cable shall be pulled through a manhole in which an energized circuit is racked until that circuit has been protected from the pulling line and the moving cable by a barrier or a guard, and the Contractor shall work in the structure under the electrical safety program of [[sync/electrical-acceptance-testing]] and NFPA 70E.
+
+## Drive Output Cable {toc}
+
+### Where the cable is the output cable of a medium-voltage drive, it shall in addition be rated by its manufacturer for continuous operation at the peak voltage, the rate of voltage rise, and the common-mode voltage the drive imposes, as stated in the output-side analysis under [[sync/medium-voltage-drives]], and the Contractor shall furnish that analysis to the cable manufacturer before the cable is released for manufacture.
+
+### A drive output cable shall be installed as three single conductors in one raceway or as one three-conductor or triplexed cable, and its three phases shall not be run in separate ferrous raceways.
+
+### A drive output cable shall be tested under this standard with the cable disconnected from the drive output terminals and from the motor, and shall not be tested through the drive or its output filter.
+
# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
−## Cable shall be delivered on reels with each end sealed against moisture ingress, because moisture in the conductor strand or under the shield migrates along the cable and degrades the insulation over its life.
+## Cable shall be delivered on the manufacturer's reels, with the reel number, the cable construction, the length, and the production test report identified on each reel, with both ends sealed by the manufacturer against moisture with a heat-shrink or a molded end cap, and with the outer layer protected by lagging or a wrap.
−### Cable ends shall be sealed with manufacturer-supplied moisture-resistant end caps at delivery and shall remain sealed until termination or splicing.
+## Each reel shall be inspected at delivery for damage to the lagging, the flanges, and the outer layer, and for broken or missing end seals, and a reel with an open end or a damaged outer layer shall be set aside and reported to the Engineer of Record before any cable is cut from it.
−### Reels shall be stored on a firm, well-drained surface, protected from mechanical damage, and shall not be stacked or dropped.
+## Reels shall be stored on their flanges on a firm, drained surface, blocked against rolling, under cover or in a space that keeps them out of standing water, and shall not be stacked, laid on a flange, or stored with the cable in contact with the ground.
−### Cable shall be protected from prolonged direct sunlight and from temperatures outside the manufacturer's storage range during storage on site.
+## Reels shall be moved by lifting through the arbor hole with a bar and slings, or by rolling in the direction the manufacturer's arrow indicates on a prepared surface, and shall not be dropped from a truck, rolled over rough ground, or lifted by the flange or the cable.
−# Warranty {toc}
+## Every cut end of cable, on the reel and on the installed length, shall be resealed with a heat-shrink end cap immediately after cutting and shall remain sealed until the end is spliced or terminated, and a reel end cap shall be removed only for the pull.
−## The Contractor shall warrant the installed cable system, including all splices and terminations, against defects in materials and workmanship for the project warranty period, and shall repair or replace failed cable, splices, or terminations at no cost to the Owner during that period. {note}
+## Cable shall be stored within the temperature range the manufacturer publishes for storage, protected from direct sunlight where the jacket is not sunlight resistant, and away from solvents, fuels, and heat sources.
−### The Contractor shall warrant the cable, splices, and terminations against defects in materials and workmanship for a minimum of one year from Substantial Completion, or the longer period scheduled.
+## Water that enters an open cable end travels along the strand and under the shield for tens of feet, where no inspection finds it and where it sits against the insulation shield and the insulation until it trees through them; the end cap is the whole of the cable's protection between the extruder and the splice, and a reel whose cap has been lost in a yard for a season is a reel whose first fifty feet are cut off before the cable is used. {note}
+# Warranty {toc}
+
+## The cable manufacturer shall warrant the cable against defects in materials and workmanship for the period indicated in the datasheet, and the accessory manufacturers shall warrant each splice kit, termination kit, and separable connector for not less than the same period.
+
```datasheet
−label: Warranty Period
+label: Manufacturer's Warranty Period
type: range
unit: years
−min: 1
−max: 5
−step: 1
−default: 2
+options:
+ min: 1
+ max: 5
+ setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5]
+constraint: min
```
−# Spare Parts {toc}
+## Where a warranty period is not selected in the datasheet, the manufacturer's standard warranty shall apply, and its term shall be stated in the product data.
−## A reserve of splice and termination kits matched to the installed cable should be turned over to the Owner, so that an in-service failure can be repaired without waiting on procurement of voltage-class-specific kits. {note}
+## The warranty period shall commence on the date indicated in the datasheet.
−### The Contractor shall furnish to the Owner spare splice and termination kits matched to the installed cable voltage class and conductor size as scheduled.
−
```datasheet
−label: Spare Termination Kits Furnished
−type: range
−unit: kits
−min: 0
−max: 6
−step: 1
−default: 3
+label: Warranty Commencement
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Date of substantial completion"
+ - "Date of energization"
+ - "Date of shipment"
```
+## Commencement at shipment is the manufacturer's usual term, and it consumes the warranty while the reels sit in the yard and the duct bank is poured; commencement at energization or substantial completion moves the coverage to the period the Owner is operating the circuit, and the manufacturer prices the added months into the cable. {note}
+
+## The Contractor shall warrant the installation, including every splice, every termination, every separable connector, every shield ground, and the cable as pulled, against defects in workmanship for the project warranty period, and shall repair or replace a failed splice, termination, or length of cable, locate the fault, and retest the circuit under Testing at no cost to the Owner during that period.
+
+## A splice, termination, or length of cable replaced under warranty shall be warranted for the remainder of the original period or for one year from the date of the replacement, whichever ends later, and the replacement shall not reduce the coverage of the rest of the circuit.
+
+## Warranty corrective work shall include the excavation, the pavement, the structure access, and the finishes disturbed by the repair and their restoration, at the expense of the party whose warranty covers the failure.
+
+## Where the Owner, the Contractor, and the manufacturer disagree whether a warranty-period failure is a workmanship defect, a manufacturing defect, or damage from a cause outside both warranties, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination, with the fault location and the failed section preserved for examination.
+
+# Spare Parts {toc}
+
+## The Contractor shall deliver the spare parts indicated in the datasheet to the Owner before the cable system is accepted, and shall obtain a signed receipt for them.
+
```datasheet
−label: Spare Splice Kits Furnished
−type: range
−unit: kits
−min: 0
−max: 6
−step: 1
−default: 2
+label: Spare Parts to Be Furnished
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Two splice kits of each type, voltage class, and conductor size installed"
+ - "One set of three termination kits of each type, voltage class, and conductor size installed"
+ - "Three separable connectors of each interface and conductor size installed, with their compression connectors and adapters"
+ - "Two rolls of arc-proofing tape and binding tape"
+ - "One reel length of each cable construction installed, of not less than the longest single pull on the project"
+ - "Twenty identification tags of each material installed, blank"
+default:
+ - "Two splice kits of each type, voltage class, and conductor size installed"
+ - "One set of three termination kits of each type, voltage class, and conductor size installed"
+constraint: all_of
```
+
+## Spare kits and connectors shall be identical to and interchangeable with the installed items, shall be delivered in their original sealed packaging with their instructions, and shall be labeled with the voltage class, the cable construction, and the conductor size they fit.
+
+## A failed splice on a medium-voltage feeder is an outage that lasts as long as it takes to get a kit for that cable in that voltage class to the site, and a kit for a 15 kV compact 500 kcmil copper cable is not a stocked item at a supply house; the spare kits under this standard are the ones that let the Owner's splicer or the Contractor remake the failed splice the day the fault is located, and the spare reel length is for the Owner whose feeder cannot wait for a mill run. {note}