Metal Roof Panels
Remade for neutrality: every choice explained, project facts as parameters, scope boundaries linked both ways
Showing changes from Rev 3
to Rev 4
in Metal Roof Panels.
---
title: Metal Roof Panels
category: Building Envelope
−toc_depth: 3
description: >
− When to use: Standing seam (mechanically seamed or snap-lock), batten-seam, and exposed-fastener (through-fastened) metal roof panel systems on new and re-roof commercial, institutional, agricultural, and residential buildings; structural (over-purlin) and architectural (over solid deck) substrates; steel, aluminum, zinc, and copper panels.
− Not intended for: Vertical and soffit metal wall cladding (see metal-wall-panels), low-slope single-ply or built-up membrane roofing (see membrane-roofing), or custom-fabricated flashing, gutters, copings, and trim as a stand-alone scope (see sheet-metal-flashing-and-trim).
+ When to use: Formed metal roof panel systems that form the watershedding roof plane of commercial, institutional, industrial, agricultural, multifamily, and residential buildings: mechanically seamed and snap-lock standing-seam panels, batten-seam panels, and through-fastened lapped panels, in coated steel, aluminum, copper, and zinc, installed either as structural panels spanning open purlins and framing or as architectural panels over a continuous solid deck. Covers the wind uplift, water penetration, air leakage, and fire design basis; seam type, seam height, panel width, pan stiffening, slope, and panel length; base metal, gauge, metallic coating, and finish; clips, fasteners, seam sealant, and closures; the underlayment and ice barrier beneath panels on a solid deck and the thermal spacer blocks over purlins; panel-integrated eave, rake, ridge, hip, valley, and transition trim; pipe penetrations, curbs for roof hatches, smoke vents, and skylights, translucent panel inserts, and snow retention; laboratory and field testing; installation; and the workmanship, finish, and weathertightness warranties.
+ Not intended for: Vertical and soffit metal wall cladding ([[sync/metal-wall-panels]]); sheet membrane roofing ([[sync/membrane-roofing]]) and fluid-applied roofing ([[sync/fluid-applied-roofing]]); asphalt shingle roofing and its underlayment ([[sync/asphalt-shingle-roofing]]); stand-alone architectural sheet metal copings, counterflashings, gutters, and trim furnished as a separate scope ([[sync/sheet-metal-flashing-and-trim]], [[sync/roof-specialties-and-copings]], [[sync/gutters-and-downspouts]]); roof thermal insulation and vapor retarders ([[sync/building-thermal-insulation]]); the roof deck and its sheathing ([[sync/steel-deck]], [[sync/wood-sheathing]]); roof panels furnished as part of a pre-engineered metal building package ([[sync/metal-building-systems]]); the purlins, joists, and trusses that carry the panels ([[sync/cold-formed-metal-framing]], [[sync/steel-joists]], [[sync/wood-roof-trusses]]); the roof hatch, smoke vent, and skylight units themselves ([[sync/roof-hatches-and-smoke-vents]], [[sync/skylights]]); roof drains and interior storm piping ([[sync/roof-drainage]]); and photovoltaic racking, fall-protection anchors, and lightning protection clamped to the seams ([[sync/photovoltaic-systems]], [[sync/fall-protection-anchorage]], [[sync/lightning-protection]]).
---
# Scope {toc}
−## This standard covers the materials, performance, fabrication, and installation of preformed and field-formed metal roof panel systems, including the panels, concealed or exposed attachment, underlayment, sealants, and integral closures. The panel system types within scope are mechanically seamed standing seam, snap-lock standing seam, batten-seam, and exposed-fastener through-fastened profiles. Both structural systems spanning open framing or purlins and architectural systems over a continuous solid deck are within scope. {note}
+## Systems Covered {toc}
−## The metal roof panel system shall be furnished as a complete assembly from a single manufacturer, including panels, clips, fasteners, sealants, closures, and matching flashing and trim components.
+### This standard governs the formed metal panels that form the watershedding plane of a roof, together with the clips, fasteners, sealants, closures, underlayment, panel-integrated trim, penetration flashings, curbs, and snow retention that make those panels a weathertight roof. {note}
−## The panel system shall be installed weathertight and structurally complete, including all accessories required for a finished installation whether or not each item is specifically called out.
+### Four panel families are treated as selectable alternatives: mechanically seamed standing-seam panels whose vertical legs are folded together in the field, snap-lock standing-seam panels whose legs engage by hand pressure, batten-seam panels whose upturned legs are covered by a separate cap, and through-fastened lapped panels secured by exposed gasketed screws through the panel face. {note}
−## Panel-integrated flashing, eave, rake, ridge, valley, and penetration trim are within scope. This standard does not cover the following, which are coordinated with this section but specified elsewhere: {note}
+### Each family is available either as a structural panel that spans between purlins or open framing and carries wind and gravity load on its own section, or as an architectural panel that requires a continuous solid deck beneath it. The family and the substrate condition are independent decisions, and this standard records them separately. {note}
−- Stand-alone custom sheet metal work, gutters, copings, and trim furnished as a separate scope — see [[sync/sheet-metal-flashing-and-trim]].
−- Roof thermal insulation and air/vapor control layers — see [[sync/building-thermal-insulation]].
−- Vertical metal wall cladding and matching wall panels — see [[sync/metal-wall-panels]].
+### A metal roof is a kinetic assembly. A panel run of ordinary length changes length by a measurable fraction of an inch between a winter night and a summer afternoon, and every clip, seam, trim piece, curb, and penetration is detailed either to let that movement happen or to resist it at one deliberate point. The most consequential idea in this standard is that nothing restrains a floating panel except its designated fixed point; a curb screwed through the pan, an over-driven trim fastener, or a rigid pipe boot concentrates the movement at the nearest free point and tears the seam or the clip there. {note}
+### The panel system shall be furnished as a complete system from a single panel manufacturer, including panels, clips, fasteners, seam sealant, closures, and panel-integrated trim.
+
+### Every component of the installed system shall be a component of the tested assembly relied on for uplift resistance, water penetration resistance, and fire classification.
+
+### Substitution of any component of a tested assembly shall be resubmitted with evidence that the substituted assembly retains the required uplift resistance, water penetration resistance, and fire classification, and the Contractor shall not proceed with the substituted assembly until the Engineer of Record has accepted that evidence in writing.
+
+## Work Governed by Companion Standards {toc}
+
+### The following work is outside this standard and is governed elsewhere: {note}
+
+- Vertical and soffit metal wall cladding, including matching wall panels, which is governed by [[sync/metal-wall-panels]]
+- Sheet membrane roofing, governed by [[sync/membrane-roofing]], and fluid-applied roofing, governed by [[sync/fluid-applied-roofing]]
+- Asphalt shingle roofing and the underlayment beneath shingles, governed by [[sync/asphalt-shingle-roofing]]
+- Shop-formed and field-formed architectural sheet metal furnished as a separate scope, including copings, counterflashings, and reglets, governed by [[sync/sheet-metal-flashing-and-trim]], and manufactured low-slope roof edge systems, governed by [[sync/roof-specialties-and-copings]]
+- Eave-hung gutters, leader heads, and downspouts furnished as a separate scope, governed by [[sync/gutters-and-downspouts]]
+- Roof thermal insulation, vapor retarders, and the air barrier plane of the roof, governed by [[sync/building-thermal-insulation]] and [[sync/air-barriers]]
+- The roof deck and its attachment, governed by [[sync/steel-deck]] and [[sync/wood-sheathing]]
+- The purlins, joists, and trusses that carry the panels, governed by [[sync/cold-formed-metal-framing]], [[sync/steel-joists]], and [[sync/wood-roof-trusses]]
+- Roof panels, trim, and closures furnished and erected as part of a pre-engineered metal building package, governed by [[sync/metal-building-systems]]
+- The roof hatch, smoke vent, and skylight units themselves, governed by [[sync/roof-hatches-and-smoke-vents]] and [[sync/skylights]]; the curb framing, panel penetration treatment, and cricket that receive those units on a metal panel roof are governed here
+- Roof drains, overflow drains, and interior storm piping, governed by [[sync/roof-drainage]]
+- Photovoltaic racking, fall-protection anchorage, and lightning protection conductors clamped to the seams, governed by [[sync/photovoltaic-systems]], [[sync/fall-protection-anchorage]], and [[sync/lightning-protection]]; the seam capacity those clamps rely on is confirmed here
+- Perimeter and movement-joint sealants at the building wall, governed by [[sync/joint-sealants]]
+
+### Eave gutters, ridge and hip caps, rake and eave trim, valley metal, and transition flashings that the panel manufacturer furnishes as part of the panel system are governed here, because they share the panel's metal, finish, movement provisions, and warranty. The same pieces furnished as a separate scope are governed by [[sync/sheet-metal-flashing-and-trim]] and [[sync/gutters-and-downspouts]], and a given piece is specified under one standard, never both. {note}
+
+### Underlayment beneath metal roof panels on a solid deck is part of the panel assembly and is governed here; [[sync/asphalt-shingle-roofing]] governs the underlayment beneath shingles, and [[sync/membrane-roofing]] has no underlayment layer. The temperature a metal panel reaches in sun is the reason this assembly's underlayment is specified separately from the shingle underlayment. {note}
+
+## Code Basis {toc}
+
+### Metal roof panels shall comply with the roof covering provisions of IBC Chapter 15 as adopted in [[parameter: adopted-building-code]], including the material, slope, underlayment, and attachment provisions of IBC Section 1507.4 and the wind resistance provisions of IBC Section 1504.
+
+### Structural panels that span open framing shall be designed as cold-formed steel or aluminum structural members under the structural provisions of [[parameter: adopted-building-code]], and the panel manufacturer's published section properties and tested span capacities shall be the basis of that design.
+
+### Where this standard, the Contract Documents, the adopted code, the panel manufacturer's published instructions, or a referenced standard conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
+
# Referenced Standards {toc}
−## The following standards are referenced in this section; the edition adopted by the authority having jurisdiction governs where a conflict exists. {note}
+## Materials, fabrication, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited in the Contract Documents.
+## The edition of the building code and energy code that governs is the edition adopted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, recorded as [[parameter: adopted-building-code]] and [[parameter: adopted-energy-code]].
+
| Standard | Title |
|----------|-------|
−| ASTM A653 | Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process |
−| ASTM A792 | Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, 55% Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process |
−| ASTM B209 | Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate |
−| ASTM B370 | Standard Specification for Copper Sheet and Strip for Building Construction |
−| ASTM B69 | Standard Specification for Rolled Zinc |
−| ASTM D1970 | Standard Specification for Self-Adhering Polymer Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Used as Steep Roofing Underlayment for Ice Dam Protection |
−| ASTM E108 | Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings |
−| ASTM E1514 | Standard Specification for Structural Standing Seam Steel Roof Panel Systems |
−| ASTM E1592 | Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Sheet Metal Roof and Siding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference |
−| ASTM E1646 | Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Metal Roof Panel Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference |
−| ASTM E2140 | Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Metal Roof Panel Systems by Static Water Pressure Head |
−| UL 580 | Standard for Tests for Uplift Resistance of Roof Assemblies |
+| IBC | International Building Code, Chapter 15 — Roof Assemblies and Rooftop Structures |
+| IECC | International Energy Conservation Code |
+| ASHRAE 90.1 | Energy Standard for Sites and Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings |
+| ASCE 7 | Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures |
+| ASTM A653/A653M | Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process |
+| ASTM A792/A792M | Steel Sheet, 55% Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process |
+| ASTM A755/A755M | Steel Sheet, Metallic Coated by the Hot-Dip Process and Prepainted by the Coil-Coating Process for Exterior Exposed Building Products |
+| ASTM A924/A924M | General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process |
+| ASTM A240/A240M | Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications |
+| ASTM B209/B209M | Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate |
+| ASTM B370 | Copper Sheet and Strip for Building Construction |
+| ASTM B69 | Rolled Zinc |
+| ASTM D226/D226M | Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing |
+| ASTM D4869/D4869M | Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing |
+| ASTM D1970/D1970M | Self-Adhering Polymer Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Used as Steep Roofing Underlayment for Ice Dam Protection |
+| ASTM D8257/D8257M | Mechanically Attached Polymeric Roof Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing |
+| ASTM E108 | Fire Tests of Roof Coverings |
| UL 790 | Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings |
−| UL 1897 | Uplift Test for Roof Covering Systems |
+| ASTM E1514 | Structural Standing Seam Steel Roof Panel Systems |
+| ASTM E1637 | Structural Standing Seam Aluminum Roof Panel Systems |
+| ASTM E1592 | Structural Performance of Sheet Metal Roof and Siding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference |
+| ASTM E1646 | Water Penetration of Exterior Metal Roof Panel Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference |
+| ASTM E1680 | Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Metal Roof Panel Systems |
+| ASTM E2140 | Water Penetration of Metal Roof Panel Systems by Static Water Pressure Head |
+| ASTM E1886 | Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems Impacted by Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure Differentials |
+| ASTM E1996 | Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective Systems Impacted by Windborne Debris in Hurricanes |
+| UL 580 | Tests for Uplift Resistance of Roof Assemblies |
+| UL 1897 | Uplift Tests for Roof Covering Systems |
+| UL 2218 | Impact Resistance of Prepared Roof Covering Materials |
| FM 4471 | Approval Standard for Class 1 Panel Roofs |
−| SMACNA Architectural Sheet Metal Manual, 7th Edition | Architectural Sheet Metal Manual (7th Edition) |
+| FM 4474 | Evaluating the Simulated Wind Uplift Resistance of Roof Assemblies Using Static Positive and/or Negative Differential Pressures |
+| FM Global Data Sheet 1-31 | Panel Roof Systems |
+| AAMA 621 | Voluntary Specification for High Performance Organic Coatings on Coil Coated Architectural Hot Dipped Galvanized (HDG) and Zinc-Aluminum Coated Steel Substrates |
+| AAMA 2604 | Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for High Performance Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels |
+| AAMA 2605 | Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Superior Performing Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels |
+| AAMA 611 | Voluntary Specification for Anodized Architectural Aluminum |
+| AAMA 501.2 | Quality Assurance and Diagnostic Water Leakage Field Check of Installed Storefronts, Curtain Walls, and Sloped Glazing Systems |
+| ASTM D523 | Specular Gloss |
+| ASTM D2244 | Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates |
+| ASTM D4214 | Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films |
+| CRRC-1 | Cool Roof Rating Council Product Rating Program Standard |
+| SMACNA Architectural Sheet Metal Manual | Architectural Sheet Metal Manual |
| NRCA Roofing Manual | Metal Panel and SPF Roof Systems |
−| IBC Section 1507.4 / IRC Section R905.10 | Metal Roof Panels |
−| ASCE 7 | Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures |
+| MCA Metal Roof Installation Manual | Metal Construction Association Metal Roof Installation Manual |
# Submittals {toc}
−## Action Submittals {note}
+## Action Submittals {toc}
−### The Contractor shall submit the following action submittals for review and approval before fabrication:
+### The uplift rating, the water penetration rating, and the fire classification each belong to the assembly as tested, with its clip, clip spacing, substrate, underlayment, and fastener. A panel submitted without its clip and fastener schedule cannot be checked against any of them, which is why this standard requires the package as a whole. {note}
−- Product data for each panel profile, including base metal, gauge or thickness, coating, finish, seam type, and coverage width.
−- Shop drawings showing panel layout, dimensions, clip and fastener spacing, and the location of factory and field seams.
−- Shop drawings of all flashing, trim, closures, and panel terminations at eave, rake, ridge, hip, valley, transition, and penetration conditions.
−- Color and finish samples for each exposed metal and coating, full color range plus the selected color.
−- Panel samples, minimum 12 in long, of each profile showing the proposed seam, coating, and finish.
−- Manufacturer's signed certification of wind-uplift, water-penetration, and fire classification test compliance for the specific assembly.
−- Structural calculations for clip spacing and panel span signed by a licensed professional engineer where the panels are structural.
+### The Contractor shall submit the following for review and acceptance as one package before materials are ordered or field roll-forming begins:
+- Product data for the panel system identifying the panel family, profile, seam height, coverage width, base metal and its governing material specification, gauge or thickness, metallic coating designation, finish system, and interior-face coating
+- Shop drawings showing panel layout and module, panel lengths, endlap locations where panels are endlapped, the designated fixed point of each panel run, clip type and spacing by roof zone, fastener type and spacing, and every eave, rake, ridge, hip, valley, transition, penetration, curb, and expansion condition
+- Structural calculations for structural panels and for clip attachment, sealed by a professional engineer where the jurisdiction or the Contract Documents require it, demonstrating that the panel, clips, and fasteners resist the design uplift pressures in every roof zone within the tested span and attachment limits
+- The uplift test report, classification, or approval listing relied on, in the configuration matching the project
+- Water penetration and, where required, air leakage test reports for the panel system
+- Fire classification listing for the complete assembly on the specified deck or framing and at the specified slope
+- Underlayment, ice barrier, seam sealant, closure, fastener, and thermal spacer block product data
+- Finish product data and the finish warranty specimen stating the chalk, color change, and film integrity criteria and the warranty period
+- Color and finish samples on the specified base metal in the specified gauge, of sufficient size to evaluate color and gloss in daylight, and a panel sample not less than 12 in long showing the seam, pan treatment, and finish
+- Snow retention product data and the layout calculation, where snow retention is required
+- Curb product data and shop drawings for every curb set on the panels
+- Installer qualification evidence and the field roll-forming operator certification where panels are field-formed
+- The proposed warranty forms and the conditions the manufacturer places on issuing them
+
```datasheet
−label: Action Submittals
+label: Action Submittals Required
type: checkbox
options:
− - Product data for each panel profile
− - Panel layout and seam shop drawings
− - Flashing, trim, and termination shop drawings
− - Color and finish samples
− - Panel profile samples (12 in minimum)
− - Wind, water, and fire test certification
− - Signed structural calculations (structural panels)
+ - "Panel system product data"
+ - "Shop drawings with layout, fixed points, clip and fastener schedule, and every termination"
+ - "Sealed structural and attachment calculations"
+ - "Uplift test report, classification, or approval listing"
+ - "Water penetration and air leakage test reports"
+ - "Fire classification listing for the complete assembly"
+ - "Underlayment, sealant, closure, fastener, and spacer block product data"
+ - "Finish product data and finish warranty specimen"
+ - "Color, finish, and panel samples"
+ - "Snow retention product data and layout calculation"
+ - "Curb product data and shop drawings"
+ - "Installer qualification evidence and roll-forming operator certification"
+ - "Proposed warranty forms and issuance conditions"
default:
− - Product data for each panel profile
− - Panel layout and seam shop drawings
− - Flashing, trim, and termination shop drawings
− - Color and finish samples
− - Wind, water, and fire test certification
+ - "Panel system product data"
+ - "Shop drawings with layout, fixed points, clip and fastener schedule, and every termination"
+ - "Sealed structural and attachment calculations"
+ - "Uplift test report, classification, or approval listing"
+ - "Fire classification listing for the complete assembly"
+ - "Underlayment, sealant, closure, fastener, and spacer block product data"
+ - "Finish product data and finish warranty specimen"
+ - "Color, finish, and panel samples"
+ - "Installer qualification evidence and roll-forming operator certification"
+ - "Proposed warranty forms and issuance conditions"
```
−## Informational Submittals {note}
+### Product data submitted as a marked catalog page shall have the proposed profile, gauge, coating, finish, and clip clearly identified.
−### The Contractor shall submit the following informational submittals before installation begins:
+## Informational Submittals {toc}
−- Manufacturer's installation instructions for the specified panel and clip system.
−- Qualification data for the installer demonstrating manufacturer certification or approval.
−- Sample warranty documents for the finish, weathertightness, and system warranties.
−- Field-formed panel machine certification where panels are roll-formed on site.
+### The Contractor shall submit the following for information before the pre-installation conference:
+- The manufacturer's written installation instructions for the specific panel, clip, and seamer in use
+- The proposed sequence of work, including how partially completed roof areas will be made watertight at the end of each work period
+- A schedule of the temporary loads the Contractor intends to place on installed panels, including material staging and equipment
+- The field water test procedure where field water testing is required
+- Safety data sheets for sealants, cleaners, and touch-up coatings
+
```datasheet
−label: Informational Submittals
+label: Informational Submittals Required
type: checkbox
options:
− - Manufacturer installation instructions
− - Installer qualification data
− - Sample warranty documents
− - Field roll-forming machine certification
+ - "Manufacturer installation instructions for the panel, clip, and seamer"
+ - "Sequence of work and nightly water cut-off method"
+ - "Schedule of temporary rooftop loads"
+ - "Field water test procedure"
+ - "Safety data sheets"
default:
− - Manufacturer installation instructions
− - Installer qualification data
− - Sample warranty documents
+ - "Manufacturer installation instructions for the panel, clip, and seamer"
+ - "Sequence of work and nightly water cut-off method"
+ - "Schedule of temporary rooftop loads"
```
−## Closeout Submittals {note}
+## Closeout Submittals {toc}
−### The Contractor shall submit the following closeout submittals before final acceptance:
+### The Contractor shall submit the following before final acceptance and before the manufacturer's warranty is executed:
−- Executed finish warranty, weathertightness warranty, and system warranty.
−- Maintenance instructions for cleaning, inspection, and minor repair of the finish and seams.
−- Record documents showing as-installed panel layout, clip type, and flashing details.
−- Touch-up coating matching the panel finish for field repair of minor coating damage.
+- The executed finish warranty and, where required, the executed manufacturer weathertightness warranty
+- The executed Contractor workmanship warranty
+- The manufacturer's final inspection report, where manufacturer field representation is specified, and the Contractor's written resolution of each item on it
+- Field water test reports where field testing was performed
+- Record drawings showing the as-installed panel layout, fixed points, clip type, every penetration and curb, every endlap, and every field repair
+- Touch-up coating in each color in sealed factory containers, with the manufacturer's instructions for its use and its limits
+- Maintenance instructions covering inspection frequency, permitted cleaning methods, debris removal at valleys and gutters, sealant renewal locations, snow retention inspection, and the procedure for authorizing rooftop work after acceptance
```datasheet
−label: Closeout Submittals
+label: Closeout Submittals Required
type: checkbox
options:
− - Executed warranties
− - Maintenance instructions
− - As-installed record documents
− - Touch-up coating
+ - "Executed finish warranty and manufacturer weathertightness warranty"
+ - "Executed Contractor workmanship warranty"
+ - "Manufacturer final inspection report and resolution of each item"
+ - "Field water test reports"
+ - "Record drawings of layout, fixed points, penetrations, curbs, endlaps, and repairs"
+ - "Touch-up coating with instructions and limits"
+ - "Maintenance instructions"
default:
− - Executed warranties
− - Maintenance instructions
− - As-installed record documents
− - Touch-up coating
+ - "Executed finish warranty and manufacturer weathertightness warranty"
+ - "Executed Contractor workmanship warranty"
+ - "Record drawings of layout, fixed points, penetrations, curbs, endlaps, and repairs"
+ - "Touch-up coating with instructions and limits"
+ - "Maintenance instructions"
```
# Quality Assurance {toc}
−## Qualifications {note}
+## Installer Qualifications {toc}
−### The manufacturer shall have produced metal roof panel systems of the type specified for a minimum of five years.
+### Standing-seam work is unforgiving at exactly the places that are hard to inspect afterward: the seam fold behind a curb, the closure under a ridge cap, and the sealant inside an endlap. Manufacturer authorization programs exist because a weathertightness warranty is underwritten on the installer as much as on the panel, and where the warranty is conditioned on an authorized installer the qualification and the warranty are the same decision seen twice. {note}
−### The installer shall be certified or approved in writing by the panel manufacturer for the specified system.
+### The panel installer shall meet the qualification basis selected in the datasheet.
−### Field roll-forming, where used, shall be performed by an operator trained and certified by the roll-forming machine manufacturer. {note}
+```datasheet
+label: Installer Qualification Basis
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Current panel manufacturer authorization for the specified system"
+ - "Manufacturer-approved installer with documented comparable metal roof projects"
+ - "Documented comparable metal roof projects of the same seam type"
+default: "Current panel manufacturer authorization for the specified system"
+```
−### Field roll-forming shall be performed by an operator trained and certified for the roll-forming machine in use.
+### Where the manufacturer's weathertightness warranty is conditioned on an authorized installer, that condition shall govern regardless of the qualification basis selected.
−## Mockups {note}
+### The roofing foreman assigned to the project shall have not less than five years of documented field experience installing the seam type specified.
−### A mockup demonstrates the seam appearance, finish color, flashing integration, and oil-canning characteristics before full production proceeds. {note}
+### Where the Contractor proposes to replace the qualified foreman during the work, the replacement's qualifications shall be submitted and accepted before the change takes effect.
−### The Contractor shall construct a field mockup of the panel system including at least one full seam, one eave, one rake, and one penetration condition.
+## Field Roll-Forming Qualification {toc}
−### The mockup shall be a minimum of 100 ft² in roof area unless a smaller area is approved by the Architect.
+### A panel rolled on site from coil is the same product as a factory panel only when the machine is the manufacturer's, is set up by a trained operator, and is checked against the profile tolerance as production proceeds. A portable machine that is out of adjustment produces a seam that will not fold or snap correctly along its entire length, and the defect is not visible until the seamer stalls. {note}
−### The approved mockup shall establish the acceptable standard of appearance, including the acceptable degree of oil-canning, for the work.
+### Where panels are field roll-formed, the machine shall be the panel manufacturer's or a machine the panel manufacturer has approved in writing for the specified profile.
−### The mockup may remain as part of the completed work if it is undisturbed and conforms to the final requirements.
+### The roll-forming operator shall hold a current certification from the machine manufacturer for the machine in use.
−## Oil-Canning {note}
+### The Contractor shall check the first panel rolled each day, and each panel rolled after any machine adjustment, against the manufacturer's published profile tolerances before that panel is installed.
−### Oil-canning is a visible waviness in the flat areas of light-gauge metal panels caused by internal stresses, thermal movement, and forming, and is an inherent characteristic of formed metal, not a defect. {note}
+### Coil used for field roll-forming shall be the panel manufacturer's coil in the specified base metal, gauge, metallic coating, and finish, and shall be documented by the coil tag and mill certification.
−### Oil-canning shall not be cause for panel rejection provided the panels conform to the approved mockup and manufacturer tolerances.
+## Pre-Installation Conference {toc}
−### Striations, ribs, or a stiffening rib in the flat pan should be specified where a reduced appearance of oil-canning is desired. {note}
+### Most metal roof leaks begin at a trade boundary: a curb set by the mechanical trade through a floating panel, a lightning conductor screwed through the pan, or a gutter hung by another trade that pins the eave. The conference exists to settle, in advance and on paper, who installs each attachment to the roof, in what sequence, and under what rule for panel movement. {note}
−# Performance Requirements {toc}
+### Before panel work begins, the Contractor shall convene a pre-installation conference attended by the Contractor, the roofing foreman, the panel manufacturer's representative where field representation is specified, the Engineer of Record, and each trade whose work penetrates, bears on, or clamps to the roof panels.
−## Wind Uplift {note}
+### The conference shall cover the accepted assembly, the sequence of work, substrate acceptance, underlayment and ice barrier extent, the fixed point of each panel run, clip spacing by roof zone, curb and penetration responsibility by trade, snow retention layout, the weather limits of this standard, warranty conditions, and rooftop load and access control after acceptance.
−### Wind uplift is the dominant structural demand on a metal roof; the panel-and-clip assembly must resist the net uplift pressure at field, perimeter, and corner zones determined from the site design wind speed.
+### The Contractor shall record and distribute conference minutes within five business days of the conference.
−### The panel system shall be tested for structural performance under uniform static air pressure difference in accordance with ASTM E1592.
+## Mockups {toc}
−### The tested uplift capacity, including the appropriate safety factor, shall equal or exceed the design wind-uplift pressure computed in accordance with ASCE 7 for the field, perimeter, and corner zones of the roof.
+### A mockup fixes the seaming, the eave and rake closure sequence, and the acceptable appearance of the pan, including oil-canning, as an object the parties can stand on before those choices are repeated across the roof. A standalone mockup can be rebuilt without consequence; an in-place mockup commits the first roof area as the standard and is the economical choice where the roof is small or the profile is one the installer has placed before; no mockup suits a utilitarian through-fastened roof where appearance is not a criterion. {note}
−### The design wind-uplift pressures and roof pressure zones for this project are as indicated. [[drawing: roof wind-pressure zone diagram]]
+### The mockup requirement shall be as selected in the datasheet.
−### Where a UL classification is required by the authority having jurisdiction, the assembly shall carry a UL 580 or UL 1897 uplift classification meeting the required class.
+```datasheet
+label: Mockup Requirement
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Standalone mockup built before production installation"
+ - "In-place mockup, the first area of installed work retained in the finished roof"
+ - "Not required"
+```
−### Where the project is FM-insured or an FM-approved assembly is specified, the assembly shall be listed in the FM Approval Guide under FM 4471 at the required Class 1 uplift rating.
+### Where a mockup is required, it shall include not less than three full panels, one eave termination, one rake termination, one ridge or high-side termination, and one penetration, built on the project substrate with the specified underlayment and clips.
+### The mockup shall be reviewed and accepted by the Engineer of Record and, where manufacturer field representation is specified, by the manufacturer's representative before production installation proceeds.
+
+### The accepted mockup shall establish the standard of workmanship and of appearance, including the acceptable degree of oil-canning, for the remainder of the work.
+
+### Where the in-place mockup is selected, the mockup area shall be integrated into the completed roof and shall carry the same warranties as the surrounding roof.
+
+## Oil-Canning Acceptance {toc}
+
+### Oil-canning is the visible waviness in the flat pan of a formed metal panel caused by residual stress in the coil, by forming, by thermal movement, and by substrate irregularity. It is an inherent characteristic of light-gauge flat metal rather than a defect of fabrication, and no consensus test method measures it, which is why acceptance is fixed against the mockup rather than against a number. Wider pans, lighter gauge, high-gloss dark finishes, and a substrate that is out of plane all make it more visible. {note}
+
+### Oil-canning shall not be cause for rejection where the installed panels conform to the appearance of the accepted mockup and to the manufacturer's published flatness tolerances.
+
+### Where the parties disagree whether installed panels conform to the accepted mockup, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.
+
+### Where no mockup is required, the manufacturer's published flatness tolerances shall govern.
+
+## Manufacturer Field Representation {toc}
+
+### Manufacturer site visits are how a weathertightness warranty is underwritten; the same visits catch a wrong clip, a missed sealant bead, or a pinned panel while the correction is still a panel rather than a roof area. {note}
+
+### Manufacturer field representation shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Wind Uplift Classification Basis
−type: select
+label: Manufacturer Field Representation
+type: checkbox
options:
− - ASTM E1592 design pressure (project-calculated)
− - UL 580 Class 30
− - UL 580 Class 60
− - UL 580 Class 90
− - UL 1897
− - FM 4471 Class 1-60
− - FM 4471 Class 1-90
− - FM 4471 Class 1-120
−default: ASTM E1592 design pressure (project-calculated)
+ - "Attendance at the pre-installation conference"
+ - "Site visit at the start of panel installation"
+ - "Interim site visits during panel installation"
+ - "Final inspection before warranty issuance"
+ - "Written report for each site visit"
+default:
+ - "Attendance at the pre-installation conference"
+ - "Final inspection before warranty issuance"
+ - "Written report for each site visit"
```
+### Reports from each manufacturer site visit shall be included in the closeout submittal.
+
+### The Contractor shall provide safe access and shall schedule the work so that each specified manufacturer visit occurs at the installation milestone it is intended to observe.
+
+# Environmental and Service Conditions {toc}
+
+## Corrosion Exposure {toc}
+
+### The base metal, metallic coating, finish, and fasteners each have a service life that depends on the atmosphere: salt aerosol within a few miles of a coast, acid deposition in an industrial atmosphere, and the ammonia of animal confinement each attack a different part of the assembly. Aluminum-zinc coated steel outlasts galvanized steel in most atmospheres but is attacked by alkaline runoff and by continuous wetting; aluminum is unaffected by salt aerosol but is attacked by alkali and by contact with copper; galvanized steel tolerates animal-confinement ammonia better than aluminum-zinc coated steel does. Galvanic compatibility is a hard constraint in every exposure. {note}
+
+### The base metal, metallic coating, finish, and fasteners shall be selected for the corrosion exposure category of the site as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Minimum Design Wind-Uplift Pressure (field zone)
+label: Corrosion Exposure Category
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Inland, normal atmospheric"
+ - "Industrial or urban atmosphere"
+ - "Coastal or marine"
+ - "Agricultural, animal confinement, or chemical exposure"
+```
+
+### Where the coastal or marine category applies, fasteners shall be stainless steel, and the base metal, metallic coating, and finish shall be of grades the panel manufacturer publishes as warrantable for that exposure.
+
+### Where the agricultural, animal confinement, or chemical exposure category applies, the base metal and metallic coating shall be of a type the panel manufacturer publishes as warrantable for that exposure, and the finish warranty shall state that the exposure is covered.
+
+### Aluminum-zinc alloy-coated steel shall not be installed where it will be continuously wetted by alkaline runoff from mortar, fresh concrete, or treated wood, and shall not be installed in direct contact with wet treated wood.
+
+### Runoff from copper, including runoff carried by a copper gutter or flashing, shall not discharge onto aluminum, aluminum-zinc alloy-coated steel, or galvanized steel surfaces.
+
+## Thermal Movement Design {toc}
+
+### Steel changes length by roughly 0.0000065 in per inch per °F and aluminum by roughly twice that, so a 100 ft steel panel moves about three quarters of an inch over a 100 °F surface temperature swing and an aluminum panel about an inch and a half. The surface temperature range is wider than the air temperature range, because a panel in sun runs well above ambient and a panel radiating to a clear night sky runs below it, and a dark finish widens the range further. Floating clips, slotted trim fasteners, and movement-tolerant penetration flashings are sized to this range. {note}
+
+### The panel system shall accommodate thermal movement over the design panel surface temperature range without buckling, seam separation, clip disengagement, fastener fatigue, sealant failure, or audible movement at the fixed point.
+
+### The design panel surface temperature range shall be derived from [[parameter: site-ambient-temperature-minimum]], [[parameter: site-ambient-temperature-maximum]], and the solar absorptance of the selected finish color, and shall be stated on the shop drawings.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Design Panel Surface Temperature Range
type: range
+unit: °F
+min: 100
+max: 250
+step: 10
+derived: "[[parameter: site-ambient-temperature-minimum]], [[parameter: site-ambient-temperature-maximum]], and the solar absorptance of the selected finish color"
+default: derived
+```
+
+### Each panel run shall be fixed to the structure at one point only and shall be free to move at every other clip, trim connection, and penetration.
+
+### Trim, closures, and flashings attached to the panels shall be attached with slotted holes, sliding cleats, or clips that permit the panel's design movement, and shall not be face-fastened through the pan at more than one line of fasteners per panel run.
+
+## Weather Limits During Installation {toc}
+
+### Seam sealant and self-adhering underlayment both have a minimum application temperature below which they do not wet out, and a seamer run on a frosted seam folds ice into the joint. Wind is the other limit: a panel is a sail until it is seamed, and a loose panel in a gust is a hazard to the crew and to the roof below. {note}
+
+### Self-adhering underlayment and seam sealant shall not be applied below the minimum application temperature the product manufacturer publishes, nor onto a surface carrying frost, ice, dew, or standing water.
+
+### Panels shall not be set or seamed during precipitation, nor when the substrate or the seam carries frost, ice, or standing water.
+
+### Panels shall not be set when the wind speed at the roof exceeds the limit the panel manufacturer publishes for handling the specified panel length, and every panel set during a work period shall be seamed or otherwise secured against uplift before the crew leaves the roof.
+
+### The Contractor shall provide temporary water cut-offs at the end of each work period so that no underlayment edge, open seam, or unflashed penetration is left open to precipitation.
+
+# Wind Uplift Design Basis {toc}
+
+## Design Uplift Pressures {toc}
+
+### Uplift on a roof is not uniform. Flow separation at the eave and rake and vortex formation at the corners produce suctions several times the field value over a small fraction of the roof area, which is why clip spacing is specified by zone rather than by one number. The pressures are a structural output, following from the building's risk category, mean roof height, exposure, enclosure classification, and the basic wind speed for the site; this standard records them so that the tested assembly can be checked against them. {note}
+
+### The design uplift pressures for the field, perimeter, and corner zones of the roof shall be established by the Engineer of Record in accordance with ASCE 7 and [[parameter: adopted-building-code]], and shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Design Uplift Pressure, Field Zone
+type: range
unit: psf
−min: 20
−max: 120
−step: 5
−default: 45
−drawing_ref: "roof wind-pressure zone diagram"
+min: 0
+max: 300
+step: 1
+drawing_ref: "the roof wind pressure zone diagram on the structural drawings"
+default: deferred
```
−## Water Penetration {note}
+### The design uplift pressure for the perimeter zone shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−### Standing seam systems resist water by seam height and geometry; the required test method depends on whether the governing concern is static head (ponding, snow melt) or wind-driven rain. {note}
+```datasheet
+label: Design Uplift Pressure, Perimeter Zone
+type: range
+unit: psf
+min: 0
+max: 400
+step: 1
+drawing_ref: "the roof wind pressure zone diagram on the structural drawings"
+default: deferred
+```
−### The panel system shall show no uncontrolled water penetration when tested under static water pressure head in accordance with ASTM E2140.
+### The design uplift pressure for the corner zone shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−### The panel system shall show no uncontrolled water penetration when tested under uniform static air pressure difference in accordance with ASTM E1646.
+```datasheet
+label: Design Uplift Pressure, Corner Zone
+type: range
+unit: psf
+min: 0
+max: 500
+step: 1
+drawing_ref: "the roof wind pressure zone diagram on the structural drawings"
+default: deferred
+```
−### Mechanically seamed standing seam systems shall be used on roof slopes below 3:12 where wind-driven water and static head resistance are critical.
+### The extent of the perimeter and corner zones shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the roof wind pressure zone diagram on the structural drawings]].
−## Fire Classification {note}
+### Where the Owner's property insurer imposes uplift criteria that exceed the code-derived design pressures, the insurer's criteria shall govern and shall be reflected in the pressures recorded in the datasheet.
−### Bare metal panels are non-combustible and typically achieve a Class A material rating, but the assembly classification depends on the deck, underlayment, and any insulation below the panel. {note}
+## Uplift Rating Method {toc}
−### The roof assembly shall carry a fire classification in accordance with ASTM E108 or UL 790 meeting the class required by the authority having jurisdiction.
+### The four rating methods answer the same question in different currencies, and the choice follows from who will review the roof and how the panel spans: {note}
+- ASTM E1592 is a chamber test of the panel, clip, and support system that produces a load and deflection record and an ultimate capacity for a tested span; the capacity, reduced by the safety factor the adopted code requires, is compared zone by zone against the ASCE 7 design pressures, so it supports span-specific engineering and is the method most structural standing-seam systems hold; it is also the method the model code names for metal panels over open framing
+- UL 580 is a pass or fail classification of one fixed assembly under static and oscillating pressure, reported as a class number; it is simple to specify and to verify, but the class is not a design pressure, and the classification holds only for the deck, clip, and spacing tested
+- UL 1897 is a static uplift test of the roof covering system that reports the pressure reached, and it is used where the assembly must demonstrate a pressure beyond the highest UL 580 class or where an existing deck is part of the test
+- FM 4471 is an approval that combines uplift resistance evaluated under FM 4474 with hail, foot traffic, and fire criteria, reported as a Class 1 uplift rating; it is the method a property insured by FM Global will be reviewed against, and the approval also fixes the clip spacing by zone through FM Global Data Sheet 1-31
+
+### The basis on which the panel system's uplift resistance is established shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Roof Fire Classification
−type: select
+label: Uplift Rating Method
+type: radio
options:
− - Class A
− - Class B
− - Class C
−default: Class A
+ - "ASTM E1592 structural test with capacity reduced by the code safety factor"
+ - "UL 580 assembly classification"
+ - "UL 1897 uplift test report"
+ - "FM 4471 Class 1 panel roof approval"
```
−### Where a UL-listed assembly is specified, the assembly shall carry a UL 790 listing for the required class; a UL 790 listing satisfies ASTM E108 but the reverse is not true. {note}
+### The rated, classified, or approved uplift resistance of the panel system shall equal or exceed the design uplift pressure for each roof zone.
−## Thermal Movement {note}
+### The rating relied on shall have been established with the clip, clip spacing, fastener, substrate or purlin spacing, seam type, and panel width that will be installed, and a rating established on a different configuration shall not be extended to the project by interpolation unless the panel manufacturer's engineer certifies the extension in writing.
−### A long metal panel run expands and contracts significantly with temperature; the clip and seam must accommodate that movement or the panel will buckle and the clip slots will tear.
+### Where the rating method is ASTM E1592, the safety factor applied to the tested capacity shall be the factor [[parameter: adopted-building-code]] and ASCE 7 require for the panel and clip, and the calculation applying it shall be included in the action submittal.
−### The panel system shall accommodate thermal movement resulting from an ambient surface temperature range of -20 °F to 180 °F without buckling, seam separation, fastener fatigue, or noise.
+### Where a property is insured by FM Global, the panel system shall carry an FM 4471 approval at or above the uplift rating FM Global Data Sheet 1-31 requires for the roof, in addition to any other rating method selected.
−### Floating two-piece clips with slotted travel shall be provided for steel panel runs longer than 40 ft and for aluminum panel runs longer than 20 ft.
+## Zone Attachment and Edge Securement {toc}
−### Fixed clips may be used only where the panel run is short enough that thermal movement is accommodated within the seam and clip tolerance.
+### Clip spacing in each roof zone shall be as required by the rating relied on for that zone's design pressure, and shall be shown on the shop drawings by zone.
+### Clip spacing in the perimeter and corner zones shall be reduced relative to the field zone by the amount the governing rating requires.
+
+### The Contractor shall not increase clip spacing, omit clips, or substitute a clip or fastener of a different type, size, or length from that in the governing rating.
+
+### Eave, rake, and ridge trim and the panel terminations beneath them shall be attached as detailed in the tested assembly or, where the tested assembly does not address the termination, as detailed by the panel manufacturer's engineer for the perimeter or corner zone pressure at that edge.
+
+### The Contractor shall verify the installed clip pattern in each zone against the shop drawings before the pattern is concealed by the next panel.
+
+# Water Penetration, Air Leakage, and Fire Classification {toc}
+
+## Water Penetration Resistance {toc}
+
+### A seam leaks in two ways. Static head is water standing against the seam, as it does in a drift, at an ice dam, or on a very low slope where the seam sits in a film of moving water; it is tested by ASTM E2140, which floods the panel to a depth above the seam. Wind-driven rain is water pushed through the seam by pressure difference; it is tested by ASTM E1646, which sprays the panel under a static pressure difference. A low-slope standing-seam roof needs both; a steep roof that drains freely is governed by the second. {note}
+
+### The water penetration test basis for the panel system shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Clip Type
+label: Water Penetration Test Basis
type: radio
options:
− - Fixed clip
− - Floating two-piece clip (slotted)
−default: Floating two-piece clip (slotted)
+ - "ASTM E2140 static water head and ASTM E1646 static air pressure difference"
+ - "ASTM E1646 static air pressure difference"
+ - "ASTM E2140 static water head"
```
−# Environmental and Service Conditions {toc}
+### The panel system shall show no uncontrolled water penetration when tested by the selected basis at the pressure difference or head the panel manufacturer publishes for the specified seam and slope.
−## The base metal and coating shall be selected for the corrosivity of the service environment, including coastal salt exposure, industrial pollutants, and agricultural ammonia.
+### Where the test pressure is not stated in the Contract Documents, the ASTM E1646 test pressure difference shall be not less than 20 percent of the design uplift pressure for the field zone and not less than 6.24 psf.
−## Aluminum or coated aluminum panels should be specified in marine and coastal environments within roughly one mile of salt water where bare and galvanized steel corrode rapidly. {note}
+### Where the roof slope is less than 1 in 12, the panel system shall carry an ASTM E2140 static head rating at a head not less than the seam height.
−## Aluminum panels shall be specified where the service environment is coastal, marine, or otherwise highly corrosive to steel.
+## Air Leakage {toc}
−## Bare Galvalume panels shall not be used in environments with standing water, animal confinement, or continuous condensation, where the aluminum-zinc coating degrades.
+### A structural standing-seam roof over purlins with blanket insulation below it is often the air barrier plane of the roof, and a roof that is the air barrier is held to the whole-building air leakage requirement of the energy code. Where a separate air barrier exists below the panels, the panel air leakage is a comfort and condensation question rather than a code one, and testing is seldom required. {note}
−## Bare Galvalume panels shall not be used in animal-confinement or continuously wet environments.
+### Whether the panel system shall be tested for air leakage shall be as selected in the datasheet.
−## Dissimilar metals in contact shall be isolated to prevent galvanic corrosion as specified in the components section.
+```datasheet
+label: Air Leakage Test (ASTM E1680)
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Required"
+ - "Not required"
+```
+### Where air leakage testing is required, the panel system shall limit air leakage to not more than the rate the manufacturer publishes for the specified seam when tested per ASTM E1680 at a static pressure difference of 1.57 psf, and the rate shall be reported in the action submittal.
+
+### Where the panel system is the air barrier plane of the roof, its connection to the wall air barrier at eaves, rakes, and parapets shall be continuous and shall be coordinated with [[sync/air-barriers]].
+
+## Roof Covering Fire Classification {toc}
+
+### Metal panels do not burn, but a roof covering classification describes the assembly under external fire exposure, including the deck and underlayment beneath the metal. IBC Section 1505 treats metal sheets on a noncombustible deck or on noncombustible framing without a deck as Class A without a test, so a steel-purlin or steel-deck roof is Class A by the code's own terms; the same panels over a wood deck with an underlayment earn their classification only as a tested assembly, and the listing must cover the underlayment actually used. {note}
+
+### The roof covering fire classification required for the building shall be established from IBC Section 1505 and Table 1505.1 for the construction type and occupancy, and shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Service Environment
−type: select
+label: Roof Covering Fire Classification
+type: radio
options:
− - Standard (inland, low corrosivity)
− - Industrial (pollutant exposure)
− - Coastal/marine (salt exposure)
− - Agricultural (ammonia/confinement)
−default: Standard (inland, low corrosivity)
+ - "Class A"
+ - "Class B"
+ - "Class C"
+ - "No fire classification required by the adopted code for this building"
+default: "Class A"
```
−# Panel System Type and Configuration {toc}
+### Where the panels are installed over a combustible deck, the classification shall be demonstrated by a current listing under ASTM E108 or UL 790 for the complete assembly, including the underlayment, on the specified deck type and at the specified slope.
−## Seam Type {note}
+### Where the panels are installed on a noncombustible deck, or on noncombustible framing without a deck, the Class A classification IBC Section 1505 assigns to metal sheet roof coverings on those substrates shall be documented in the action submittal by citing that provision.
−### The seam type governs minimum slope, water-tightness, and installation method, and is the single most consequential selection in a metal roof specification. {note}
+### The listing relied on shall cover the slope of the roof area to which it is applied.
−### Mechanically seamed standing seam panels shall be field-seamed with a power seaming tool to fold the panel legs into a continuous, weathertight seam.
+# Panel System Configuration {toc}
−### Snap-lock standing seam panels shall engage by mechanical snap action without field seaming and shall be used only on slopes at or above the manufacturer's minimum, typically 3:12.
+## Substrate and Span Condition {toc}
−### Batten-seam panels shall be joined by a separate batten cap engaging the upturned legs of adjacent panels.
+### A structural panel spans between purlins or open framing on its own section and carries its uplift rating as a function of span; an architectural panel is rated only over a continuous solid deck and depends on the deck for support between clips. The two are different products with different gauges, seam heights, and ratings, and setting one on the other's substrate voids the rating. {note}
−### Through-fastened exposed-fastener panels shall be attached with gasketed fasteners driven through the panel into the structure and shall be used only on slopes at or above 3:12.
+### The substrate condition on which the panels are installed shall be as selected in the datasheet.
```datasheet
−label: Seam Type
−type: select
+label: Panel Substrate Condition
+type: radio
options:
− - Mechanically seamed standing seam
− - Snap-lock standing seam
− - Batten-seam
− - Through-fastened (exposed fastener)
−default: Mechanically seamed standing seam
+ - "Structural panel spanning open purlins or framing"
+ - "Architectural panel over a continuous solid deck"
```
+### Structural steel panels shall be rated under ASTM E1514, and structural aluminum panels under ASTM E1637, for the purlin spacing indicated on [[drawing: the roof framing plan]].
+
+### Architectural panels shall be installed only over a continuous solid deck that is itself attached to resist the design uplift pressures, with the underlayment this standard requires between the deck and the panels.
+
+### The deck type and its attachment are governed by [[sync/steel-deck]] and [[sync/wood-sheathing]]; this standard governs what the panel system requires of the deck surface it is set on.
+
+## Seam and Attachment Type {toc}
+
+### The seam type sets the minimum slope, the water penetration resistance, the installation method, and the warranty the manufacturer will offer: {note}
+
+- A mechanically seamed standing seam is folded closed in the field by a powered seamer, with sealant inside the fold; it is the only seam rated down to the shallowest slopes, it carries the highest uplift and static head ratings, and it is the seam on which long-term manufacturer weathertightness warranties are written; it costs the seamer pass and is the slowest to install
+- A snap-lock standing seam engages by hand pressure without a seamer and is faster and cheaper to install, with an unsealed seam that depends on slope to drain; manufacturers rate it for steeper slopes than a mechanical seam, and it is the common architectural choice over a solid deck
+- A batten seam closes the joint with a separate cap snapped or seamed over the upturned legs, giving a wider rib and a traditional appearance; it is an architectural system over a solid deck and shares the slope limits of a snap-lock seam
+- A through-fastened lapped panel is secured by exposed gasketed screws through the panel face into the support; it is the lowest-cost system and is fast to install, but every fastener is a penetration whose gasket ages in the sun and whose hole elongates with thermal movement, so it is rated only for steeper slopes and carries no weathertightness warranty beyond the material warranty
+
+### The panel seam and attachment type shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Seam Height (standing seam)
−type: select
+label: Panel Seam and Attachment Type
+type: radio
options:
− - 1 in
− - 1.5 in
− - 1.75 in
− - 2 in
− - 3 in
−default: 1.75 in
+ - "Mechanically seamed standing seam"
+ - "Snap-lock standing seam"
+ - "Batten seam with separate cap"
+ - "Through-fastened lapped panel"
+```
+
+### Mechanically seamed panels shall be seamed with the panel manufacturer's seamer, to the full fold the rating relied on was tested with, within the time after panel placement the manufacturer publishes.
+
+### Snap-lock and batten-seam panels shall be fully engaged along the entire seam length so that no part of the seam is open.
+
+### Through-fastened panels shall be attached with gasketed fasteners driven perpendicular to the panel through the rib or the flat as the rating relied on was tested, seated so that the gasket is compressed without being extruded, and at the spacing the rating requires for each roof zone.
+
+## Mechanical Seam Fold {toc}
+
+### A single-lock fold turns the seam legs 90 degrees and leaves a vertical fin; a double-lock fold turns them 180 degrees into a flat hook and traps the sealant more completely. The double lock resists static head and uplift better and is the fold the shallowest slope ratings are written on; the single lock is faster to run and leaves a seam that can be opened for a future repair. {note}
+
+### Where a mechanically seamed standing seam is selected, the seam fold shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Mechanical Seam Fold
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Single lock, 90 degree fold"
+ - "Double lock, 180 degree fold"
+ - "Not applicable, seam is not mechanically seamed"
+```
+
+### The seam fold shall be the fold with which the uplift and water penetration ratings relied on were tested.
+
+## Seam Height and Panel Width {toc}
+
+### Seam height is the depth of water the seam can stand in before it is overtopped, and it is also the lever arm that gives the panel its stiffness and its uplift capacity; the lowest seams belong to architectural panels over a solid deck and the tallest to structural panels on long purlin spans and low slopes. Panel width trades seams against flatness: a wider pan needs fewer seams and installs faster, but it oil-cans more and spans less, and through-fastened panels are formed wider than any standing seam because their ribs stiffen the sheet between fasteners. {note}
+
+### The standing-seam height shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Seam Height
+type: range
unit: in
+min: 1
+max: 3
+setpoints: [1, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.5, 3]
+drawing_ref: "the roof assembly schedule"
+default: deferred
```
−## Structural vs. Architectural Substrate {note}
+### The panel coverage width shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−### A structural panel spans between purlins or open framing and carries its own uplift rating tied to span and purlin spacing; an architectural panel requires a continuous solid deck below it. Substituting one substrate for the other voids the tested rating and is a frequent source of field conflict. {note}
+```datasheet
+label: Panel Coverage Width
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 12
+max: 36
+setpoints: [12, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36]
+drawing_ref: "the roof assembly schedule"
+default: deferred
+```
−### Structural panel systems shall span between purlins or framing at the spacing for which the panel is tested in accordance with ASTM E1592 and, for steel, ASTM E1514.
+### The seam height and panel width supplied shall be those with which the uplift and water penetration ratings relied on were tested.
−### Architectural panel systems shall be installed only over a continuous solid deck with underlayment.
+### Panel coverage width shall be uniform across each roof plane except at the edge panel of each plane, which may be field-cut to fit.
−### The structural deck or framing arrangement and purlin spacing are as indicated. [[drawing: roof framing plan]]
+## Pan Flatness Treatment {toc}
+### A stiffening treatment formed into the pan between the seams shortens the unsupported flat and reduces the visibility of oil-canning: striations are shallow continuous corrugations across the full pan and are the most effective, pencil ribs are one or two narrow raised ribs that break the pan into shorter flats, and a flat pan has no treatment and shows the most waviness but reads as the cleanest surface. The treatment changes the panel's appearance and, on structural panels, its section properties, so it is fixed before the rating is checked. {note}
+
+### The pan flatness treatment shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Substrate Type
+label: Pan Flatness Treatment
type: radio
options:
− - Structural (over purlins/open framing)
− - Architectural (over solid deck)
−default: Architectural (over solid deck)
+ - "Flat pan"
+ - "Striated pan"
+ - "Pencil ribs"
+ - "Minor ribs or flutes"
```
−## Minimum Slope {note}
+### The pan treatment supplied shall be that with which the uplift rating relied on was tested, or the panel manufacturer's engineer shall certify in writing that the rating applies to the treated pan.
−### Each seam type has a minimum slope below which wind-driven water and static head overwhelm the seam; specifying a panel below its rated slope is a leak source. {note}
+## Roof Slope {toc}
−### The installed roof slope shall equal or exceed the minimum slope rated by the manufacturer for the selected seam type and seam height.
+### Each seam type has a slope below which the seam sits in moving water and static head governs. IBC Section 1507.4 sets a minimum of one quarter unit vertical in 12 for standing-seam panels, one half in 12 for lapped nonsoldered seams with applied lap sealant, and three in 12 for lapped nonsoldered seams without lap sealant; the manufacturer's rated minimum for a snap-lock or batten seam is commonly steeper than the code floor, and the stricter of the two governs. {note}
−### The roof slope for this project is as indicated. [[drawing: roof plan slope arrows]]
+### The roof slope of each roof plane shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
label: Roof Slope
type: range
−unit: ":12"
+unit: in/ft
min: 0.25
max: 12
step: 0.25
−default: 3
−drawing_ref: "roof plan slope arrows"
+drawing_ref: "the roof plan"
+default: deferred
```
−## Panel Coverage Width {note}
+### The installed slope of each roof plane shall equal or exceed both the minimum slope IBC Section 1507.4 sets for the selected seam type and the minimum slope the panel manufacturer publishes for the specified seam type and seam height.
−### Narrower panels reduce oil-canning on wide flat pans but increase the number of seams and the installed cost. {note}
+### Where the design slope is less than the manufacturer's published minimum for the selected seam type, the Contractor shall report the condition in writing before panels are ordered, and shall not proceed until the Engineer of Record has directed a seam type or slope that satisfies this standard.
−### The panel coverage width shall be uniform across the roof except at edge panels trimmed to fit.
+## Panel Length and Forming Location {toc}
+### A standing-seam panel is most reliable as a single piece from eave to ridge, because an endlap is a sealed, back-fastened joint that must also float, and it is the one place in the field of the roof where the seam is interrupted. Factory panels are limited by what can be shipped, which is why long runs are rolled on site from coil; a factory panel is formed under controlled conditions and carries the manufacturer's dimensional inspection, while a field-rolled panel can be any length the roof needs and avoids the endlap entirely. {note}
+
+### The panel forming location shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Panel Coverage Width
−type: select
+label: Panel Forming Location
+type: radio
options:
− - 12 in
− - 16 in
− - 18 in
− - 24 in
− - 36 in (through-fastened)
−default: 16 in
−unit: in
+ - "Factory roll-formed"
+ - "Field roll-formed at the site from coil"
+ - "Contractor's option, factory or field"
```
−# Panel Materials {toc}
+### Panels shall be furnished in single continuous lengths from eave to ridge, hip, or transition wherever the panel length can be formed and transported, and endlaps shall be used only where the Contractor documents that a continuous panel cannot be furnished.
−## Base Metal {note}
+### Where endlaps are unavoidable, they shall occur over a support, shall be staggered between adjacent panels, shall be detailed with a backup plate, sealant, and fasteners as the panel manufacturer details for the specified seam, and shall be shown on the shop drawings.
−### The base metal sets the corrosion resistance, structural capacity, and cost of the panel; the choice is driven by environment, span, and budget. {note}
+### Endlaps on through-fastened panels shall be sealed with continuous sealant and shall have the lap length the panel manufacturer publishes for the roof slope.
−### Galvalume steel sheet shall conform to ASTM A792, Grade AZ50 or AZ55 aluminum-zinc coating, where steel panels are specified.
+# Panel Materials and Finishes {toc}
−### Galvanized steel sheet shall conform to ASTM A653, G90 coating minimum, where galvanized steel is specified.
+## Base Metal {toc}
−### Aluminum sheet shall conform to ASTM B209, alloy 3003, 3004, or 5052, in the temper required for the panel profile.
+### The base metal sets corrosion resistance, stiffness, thermal movement, weight, and cost: {note}
−### Copper sheet shall conform to ASTM B370 in the weight specified.
+- Aluminum-zinc alloy-coated steel is the predominant commercial roof panel substrate, giving a long atmospheric service life at the stiffness and cost of steel; its coating is attacked by alkaline runoff and by continuous wetting
+- Galvanized steel is the economical substrate and tolerates animal-confinement and alkaline exposures that attack an aluminum-zinc coating, at a shorter atmospheric life
+- Aluminum is unaffected by salt aerosol, is lighter, and forms cleanly, but it moves twice as much with temperature, dents more easily, and costs more per square
+- Stainless steel, copper, and zinc are specialty substrates where the metal itself is the finish and the service life is measured in generations; copper and zinc weather to a patina and shed runoff that stains or corrodes less noble materials below
−### Rolled zinc sheet shall conform to ASTM B69 in the thickness and finish specified.
+### The panel base metal shall be as selected in the datasheet and shall conform to the material specification this standard assigns to it.
```datasheet
−label: Base Metal
−type: select
+label: Panel Base Metal
+type: radio
options:
− - Galvalume steel (ASTM A792 AZ50)
− - Galvalume steel (ASTM A792 AZ55)
− - Galvanized steel (ASTM A653 G90)
− - Aluminum (ASTM B209)
− - Copper (ASTM B370)
− - Zinc (ASTM B69)
−default: Galvalume steel (ASTM A792 AZ55)
+ - "Aluminum-zinc alloy-coated steel"
+ - "Galvanized steel"
+ - "Aluminum"
+ - "Stainless steel"
+ - "Copper"
+ - "Zinc"
+default: "Aluminum-zinc alloy-coated steel"
```
−## Gauge and Thickness {note}
+### Aluminum-zinc alloy-coated steel sheet shall conform to ASTM A792/A792M, and where prepainted shall conform to ASTM A755/A755M.
−### Heavier gauge increases structural span capability and reduces oil-canning; lighter gauge reduces cost and is appropriate for short architectural runs over solid deck. {note}
+### Galvanized steel sheet shall conform to ASTM A653/A653M with a G90 coating designation minimum, and where prepainted shall conform to ASTM A755/A755M.
−### Steel panel gauge shall be selected so that the panel meets the structural and uplift requirements for the design span and pressure.
+### Aluminum sheet shall conform to ASTM B209/B209M in an alloy and temper the panel manufacturer publishes for the specified profile.
−### The minimum steel panel gauge for structural and high-wind applications shall be 24 ga; 22 ga shall be used where the design span or uplift requires it.
+### Stainless steel sheet shall conform to ASTM A240/A240M, Type 304 minimum, and Type 316 where the coastal or marine corrosion exposure category applies.
+### Copper sheet shall conform to ASTM B370, cold-rolled temper, in the weight indicated in the datasheet.
+
+### Zinc sheet shall conform to ASTM B69, architectural rolled zinc, in the thickness indicated in the datasheet.
+
+### Zinc panels shall be installed over a substrate or underlayment that ventilates the underside of the panel, as the zinc manufacturer publishes, so that condensate does not stand against the metal.
+
+## Steel Sheet Gauge and Metallic Coating {toc}
+
+### Heavier gauge increases span, uplift capacity, and dent resistance and reduces oil-canning, at more weight and cost. Nominal thicknesses are about 0.030 in at 22 gauge, 0.024 in at 24 gauge, 0.018 in at 26 gauge, and 0.014 in at 29 gauge; 24 gauge is the common architectural and structural standing-seam gauge, 22 gauge serves long purlin spans and high design pressures, 26 gauge serves through-fastened panels on close supports, and 29 gauge is an agricultural and light-utility through-fastened gauge. {note}
+
+### The steel panel gauge shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Steel Panel Gauge
type: select
+unit: ga
options:
− - 22 ga (0.030 in)
− - 24 ga (0.024 in)
− - 26 ga (0.018 in)
−default: 24 ga (0.024 in)
+ - "22 ga"
+ - "24 ga"
+ - "26 ga"
+ - "29 ga"
```
+### The gauge supplied shall be the gauge with which the uplift rating relied on was tested, and shall not be lighter than the gauge the structural calculation requires for the design span and pressure.
+
+### The aluminum-zinc coating weight carries the coating's life; AZ50 is the coating weight beneath a paint finish and AZ55 is the heavier weight supplied on bare, unpainted panels, where the coating alone is the weathering surface. {note}
+
+### The aluminum-zinc alloy coating designation shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Aluminum Panel Thickness
−type: select
+label: Aluminum-Zinc Coating Designation
+type: radio
options:
− - 0.032 in
− - 0.040 in
− - 0.050 in
−default: 0.040 in
+ - "AZ50"
+ - "AZ55"
+```
+
+### Bare, unpainted aluminum-zinc alloy-coated panels shall be supplied with a clear acrylic coating applied at the mill, or with the AZ55 designation, as the panel manufacturer's finish warranty for bare panels requires.
+
+## Aluminum, Copper, and Zinc Thickness {toc}
+
+### Thickness in the non-ferrous metals sets stiffness and dent resistance exactly as gauge does in steel; aluminum roof panels are commonly formed at 0.032 in and 0.040 in, with 0.050 in and heavier for long spans and prominent flat pans, and the model code sets a floor of 0.024 in for aluminum roof panels. {note}
+
+### The aluminum panel thickness shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Aluminum Panel Thickness
+type: range
unit: in
+min: 0.024
+max: 0.063
+setpoints: [0.024, 0.032, 0.04, 0.05, 0.063]
+drawing_ref: "the roof assembly schedule"
+default: deferred
```
−## Finish System {note}
+### The copper sheet weight shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−### The exterior coating governs color retention, chalk and fade resistance, and warranty length; the PVDF 70% fluoropolymer coating is the architectural standard. {note}
+```datasheet
+label: Copper Sheet Weight
+type: range
+unit: oz/ft²
+min: 16
+max: 24
+setpoints: [16, 20, 24]
+drawing_ref: "the roof assembly schedule"
+default: deferred
+```
−### The exterior finish shall be a 70% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fluoropolymer coating where a long-term fade and chalk warranty is required.
+### The zinc sheet thickness shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−### A silicone-modified polyester (SMP) finish may be used where a lower-cost finish with a shorter warranty is acceptable.
+```datasheet
+label: Zinc Sheet Thickness
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 0.027
+max: 0.04
+setpoints: [0.027, 0.032, 0.04]
+drawing_ref: "the roof assembly schedule"
+default: deferred
+```
−### The interior (underside) surface of the panel shall receive a manufacturer's standard wash coat or backer finish.
+### The thickness or weight supplied shall be that with which the uplift rating relied on was tested, and shall not be less than the structural calculation requires for the design span and pressure.
−### The dry film thickness of the exterior PVDF finish shall be not less than 0.9 mil over a 0.2 mil to 0.3 mil primer.
+## Exterior Finish System {toc}
+### The finish sets color retention, chalk and fade resistance, and the length of the finish warranty: {note}
+
+- A two-coat 70 percent polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fluoropolymer coating is the architectural benchmark for ultraviolet, color, and chalk resistance and carries the longest finish warranties; it is softer than the other coatings and shows handling scratches more readily
+- A three-coat PVDF system adds a clear coat over a metallic or mica base and is the system for metallic colors; it costs more and the metallic flake orients with the coil direction, so panels read differently if the direction is mixed
+- A silicone-modified polyester (SMP) coating is harder and lower in cost than PVDF, with shorter chalk and fade warranties; it is the common finish on through-fastened and agricultural panels and on roofs that are not visible from grade
+- A polyester coating is the lowest-cost finish with the shortest weathering performance and is used where the roof is concealed or temporary
+- Anodizing is an integral conversion coating on aluminum with excellent abrasion resistance and a narrow color range, and batch-to-batch color matching is harder than with a coil coating
+- A bare aluminum-zinc or mill finish weathers to a matte gray and is the lowest-cost durable finish on steel; it carries a coating warranty rather than a color warranty
+- Copper and zinc are left to weather naturally, or are supplied prepatinated or preweathered, and their appearance changes with exposure for years
+
+### The exterior finish system shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Exterior Finish System
type: select
options:
− - PVDF 70% fluoropolymer (2-coat)
− - PVDF 70% fluoropolymer (3-coat metallic/mica)
− - Silicone-modified polyester (SMP)
− - Anodized aluminum (Class I)
− - Bare/mill finish
− - Natural patina (copper/zinc)
−default: PVDF 70% fluoropolymer (2-coat)
+ - "Two-coat 70 percent PVDF fluoropolymer"
+ - "Three-coat PVDF fluoropolymer, metallic or mica"
+ - "Silicone-modified polyester (SMP)"
+ - "Polyester"
+ - "Anodized aluminum"
+ - "Bare aluminum-zinc or mill finish"
+ - "Natural weathering or prepatinated copper or zinc"
+default: "Two-coat 70 percent PVDF fluoropolymer"
```
−## Color and Cool-Roof Compliance {note}
+### PVDF coatings shall contain not less than 70 percent polyvinylidene fluoride resin by weight in the topcoat, and shall meet AAMA 2605 on aluminum and AAMA 621 on metallic-coated steel.
−### Not all colors are available in a finish that meets cool-roof solar reflectance thresholds; dark colors usually do not qualify. The color and any reflectance requirement must be reconciled before the palette is locked. {note}
+### PVDF coatings shall be applied over a primer to a total dry film thickness of not less than 0.9 mil, and three-coat systems shall add a clear topcoat to the thickness the coating manufacturer publishes.
−### The panel color shall be selected from the manufacturer's standard PVDF color range unless a custom color is specified.
+### SMP coatings shall meet AAMA 2604 on aluminum and, on metallic-coated steel, shall carry the coating manufacturer's published chalk and fade performance stated in ASTM D4214 and ASTM D2244 terms.
−### Where Energy Star, LEED, or a cool-roof code such as Title 24 applies, the selected color shall meet the required minimum Solar Reflectance Index (SRI).
+### Anodic coatings shall meet AAMA 611, Architectural Class I.
+### The interior face of coated steel and aluminum panels shall receive a factory-applied wash coat or backer coat of the thickness the panel manufacturer publishes.
+
+### Panels with metallic or mica finishes shall be formed and installed in one coil direction, and the direction shall be marked on each panel.
+
+## Color and Cool Roof Performance {toc}
+
+### Where the adopted energy code requires a cool roof, the requirement is written as an aged solar reflectance and thermal emittance, or an aged solar reflectance index, rated under CRRC-1; under the IECC it applies to low-slope roofs directly above conditioned space in the warm climate zones, and some state codes extend a lesser requirement to steep-slope roofs. The aged values are what count, and a dark color seldom meets them, so the color and any cool roof requirement are reconciled before the palette is fixed. {note}
+
+### The finish color shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Cool-Roof Compliance Required
+label: Finish Color
+type: text
+drawing_ref: "the finish schedule"
+default: deferred
+```
+
+### Whether a cool roof is required shall be determined from [[parameter: adopted-energy-code]] for the roof slope in [[parameter: climate-zone]], and shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Cool Roof Requirement
type: radio
options:
− - 'Yes'
− - 'No'
−default: 'No'
+ - "Required by the adopted energy code"
+ - "Required by the Owner or a voluntary program"
+ - "Not required"
+derived: "[[parameter: adopted-energy-code]] and the roof slope in [[parameter: climate-zone]]"
+default: derived
```
+### Where a cool roof is required, the finish shall carry a CRRC-1 product rating whose three-year aged solar reflectance and thermal emittance, or aged solar reflectance index, meet the values the adopted energy code or the Owner's program requires for the roof slope.
+
+### Where a cool roof is required, the rated values shall be stated in the action submittal and the finish warranty shall cover the rated finish.
+
+# Clips, Fasteners, Sealants, and Closures {toc}
+
+## Panel Clips {toc}
+
+### The clip carries uplift from the seam to the structure and, on a floating system, lets the panel slide through it: {note}
+
+- A fixed one-piece clip pins the panel at every clip and is used where runs are short enough that the seam and the trim absorb the movement, or on snap-lock architectural panels over a deck where the manufacturer rates the clip for the run length
+- A sliding one-piece clip has a slotted base or a sliding tab that lets the panel move a limited distance, suited to intermediate run lengths
+- A two-piece floating clip has a base fastened to the structure and a separate tab that engages the seam and travels along the base; it accommodates the longest runs and is the clip on which structural standing-seam uplift ratings and long-term weathertightness warranties are usually written
+- The clip's travel limit is the run length limit, and the manufacturer publishes the maximum run for each clip and metal
+
+### The panel clip type shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Minimum Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)
−type: range
−unit: SRI
−min: 0
−max: 100
−step: 1
−default: 29
+label: Panel Clip Type
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Fixed one-piece clip"
+ - "Sliding one-piece clip"
+ - "Two-piece floating clip"
```
−# Components and Accessories {toc}
+### The clip supplied shall be the clip with which the uplift rating relied on was tested.
−## Clips and Attachment {note}
+### Where the panel run length exceeds the run length the panel manufacturer publishes for a fixed clip in the specified metal, a sliding or floating clip shall be used.
−### Clips transfer uplift from the panel to the structure and, on long runs, allow the panel to move; clip material and design must suit both the panel metal and the thermal movement demand.
+### Floating and sliding clips shall be installed centered in their travel at the panel temperature at installation, so that the design movement is available in both directions.
−### Clips shall be of the type and material recommended by the panel manufacturer for the specified panel, slope, and design uplift.
+### The clip material trades corrosion resistance against cost, and a clip that contacts a panel of a different metal is a galvanic couple inside the seam: {note}
−### Stainless steel clips shall be used where aluminum panels would otherwise contact a steel structure, to prevent galvanic corrosion.
+- Galvanized steel clips are the standard clip on coated steel panels
+- Stainless steel clips are used on aluminum, copper, and zinc panels and in the coastal and corrosive exposure categories
+- Aluminum clips are used on aluminum panels where the manufacturer rates them, and are never used with steel panels or steel fasteners that contact the panel
−### Clip spacing shall be as established by the manufacturer's tested assembly for the design uplift at field, perimeter, and corner zones.
+### The clip material shall be as selected in the datasheet.
```datasheet
−label: Clip Material
−type: select
+label: Panel Clip Material
+type: radio
options:
− - Galvanized steel
− - Aluminum
− - Stainless steel
−default: Galvanized steel
+ - "Galvanized steel"
+ - "Stainless steel"
+ - "Aluminum"
+default: "Galvanized steel"
```
−## Fasteners {note}
+### Clips on aluminum, copper, or zinc panels shall be stainless steel or a material the panel manufacturer publishes as galvanically compatible with the panel.
−### Concealed clip fasteners and exposed panel fasteners both must resist pull-out under uplift and corrosion over the service life; exposed fasteners additionally seal the penetration.
+### Clips in the coastal or marine corrosion exposure category shall be stainless steel.
−### Concealed fasteners securing clips to the structure shall be corrosion-resistant and sized for the design uplift pull-out load.
+## Fasteners {toc}
−### Exposed fasteners on through-fastened panels shall have an integral or bonded EPDM or neoprene sealing washer.
+### A concealed clip fastener must resist pull-out under uplift for the life of the roof; an exposed through-fastener must do that and also seal its own hole in sun and movement. The fastener material sets corrosion life, and the exposed head must match the panel finish: {note}
−### Fasteners in contact with aluminum or Galvalume panels shall be stainless steel or shall otherwise be compatible to prevent galvanic corrosion.
+- Long-life coated carbon steel fasteners are the economical fastener on coated steel panels in the inland category and carry the coating manufacturer's corrosion warranty
+- Stainless steel fasteners, Type 304 or Type 316, are used with aluminum, copper, and zinc panels and in the coastal and corrosive categories, and Type 316 is the fastener for a marine site
+- Stainless-capped carbon steel exposed fasteners put a stainless head and gasket on a carbon steel shank, giving an exposed head that does not rust-stain at a lower cost than solid stainless
+### The fastener material shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Exposed Fastener Type (through-fastened)
−type: select
+label: Fastener Material
+type: radio
options:
− - Self-drilling screw with bonded EPDM washer
− - Self-tapping screw with bonded EPDM washer
− - Stainless steel screw with bonded EPDM washer
−default: Self-drilling screw with bonded EPDM washer
+ - "Long-life coated carbon steel"
+ - "Stainless steel Type 304"
+ - "Stainless steel Type 316"
+ - "Stainless-capped carbon steel"
```
−## Sealants and Butyl Tape {note}
+### Concealed clip fasteners shall be of the type, diameter, length, and embedment with which the uplift rating relied on was tested, and shall be self-drilling or self-tapping screws sized for the purlin or deck thickness.
−### Standing seam joints and low-slope conditions rely on a continuous sealant bead inside the seam; the sealant must be compatible with both the coating and the base metal or it can react, lose adhesion, or void the finish warranty.
+### Fasteners that contact aluminum, copper, or zinc panels or clips shall be stainless steel, and fasteners in the coastal or marine corrosion exposure category shall be stainless steel.
−### Seam sealant and butyl tape shall be the type approved by the panel manufacturer for the specified panel and coating.
+### Exposed fasteners shall have a factory-bonded EPDM or equivalent elastomeric sealing washer, shall be driven perpendicular to the panel, and shall be seated so that the washer is compressed without being extruded.
−### A continuous bead of butyl sealant shall be provided in the standing seam leg of mechanically seamed and low-slope systems.
+### Exposed fastener heads shall be factory-finished to match the panel color, or shall be stainless steel where the panel is unpainted.
−### Field-applied sealant shall be a non-curing butyl or a low-modulus polyurethane compatible with the panel finish.
+### Fasteners into wood supports shall penetrate the support not less than the embedment the uplift rating or the panel manufacturer's published pull-out table requires for the wood species and density.
+## Seam Sealant {toc}
+
+### The sealant inside a standing seam is what makes the seam watertight below the slope at which geometry alone drains it. A factory-applied hot-melt butyl bead sits in the seam leg from the roll-former and is the most consistent; a field-applied butyl tape is placed by the crew and depends on the crew; a snap-lock or batten seam on a steep slope commonly runs dry, relying on the seam geometry and the slope. {note}
+
+### The seam sealant provision shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Seam Sealant
−type: select
+label: Seam Sealant Provision
+type: radio
options:
− - Factory-applied butyl in seam
− - Field-applied butyl tape in seam
− - Both factory and field-applied
−default: Factory-applied butyl in seam
+ - "Factory-applied butyl sealant in the seam"
+ - "Field-applied butyl tape in the seam"
+ - "Factory-applied sealant with field-applied tape at endlaps and terminations"
+ - "Dry seam, no sealant"
```
−## Closures and Trim {note}
+### The seam sealant provision supplied shall be that with which the water penetration rating relied on was tested for the specified slope.
−### Closures seal the corrugation profile at terminations against wind-driven rain, insects, and birds; trim integrates the panel field with adjacent surfaces. {note}
+### Mechanically seamed panels installed at a slope of less than 3 in 12 shall have a continuous sealant bead in the seam.
−### Inside and outside closures matching the panel profile shall be provided at eave, ridge, rake, and transition conditions.
+### Seam sealant and butyl tape shall be a non-curing, non-skinning sealant the panel manufacturer publishes as compatible with the panel finish and base metal.
−### Closures shall be of closed-cell foam, formed metal, or extruded profile compatible with the panel metal and finish.
+### Field-applied sealant at trim, closures, endlaps, and penetrations shall be a non-curing butyl, or a low-modulus sealant the panel manufacturer publishes as compatible with the finish, applied continuously and concealed from direct sunlight wherever the detail permits.
−### Flashing and trim shall be of the same base metal and finish as the panels and shall be detailed to permit thermal movement.
+## Closures and Dissimilar Metal Isolation {toc}
−### Flashing and trim detailing should follow the SMACNA Architectural Sheet Metal Manual where a project-specific detail is not provided. {note}
+### Closures fill the panel profile at eaves, ridges, and transitions against wind-driven rain, snow, insects, and birds, and they carry the sealant that makes the termination airtight and watertight. A metal closure is durable and is the closure under a mechanically seamed ridge; a closed-cell foam closure conforms to the profile and is faster, but it is the component of the system with the shortest life in sunlight and is protected by the trim above it. {note}
−## Isolation of Dissimilar Metals {note}
+### Inside and outside closures matching the panel profile shall be provided at every eave, ridge, hip, rake, transition, and curb where the profile is open.
−### Aluminum, copper, and zinc each corrode galvanically when in direct contact with, or in runoff from, a more noble or more active metal; an isolation layer breaks that circuit. {note}
+### Closures shall be closed-cell foam, formed metal matching the panel metal, or an extruded profile, as the panel manufacturer details for the termination, and shall be set in continuous sealant on both faces.
−### Aluminum panels and accessories shall be isolated from dissimilar metals with EPDM tape, a non-conductive separator, or a compatible coating.
+### Foam closures shall be shielded from direct sunlight by the trim or panel above them.
−### Copper and copper runoff shall not be allowed to discharge onto aluminum, zinc, or Galvalume surfaces.
+### Aluminum, copper, zinc, and stainless steel panels and accessories shall be isolated from dissimilar metals, including steel purlins, deck, and clips, by a non-conductive separator tape, a compatible coating, or stainless steel fasteners and clips, so that no galvanic couple is formed.
−# Underlayment {toc}
+### Where the parties disagree whether a separator or isolation is required at a dissimilar-metal contact, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.
−## Underlayment under a metal panel sees far higher surface temperatures than under most other roof coverings; standard felt or synthetic underlayment can off-gas and bond to the panel underside, so a high-temperature self-adhered product is required. {note}
+# Underlayment and Deck Interface {toc}
−## Underlayment over a solid deck beneath metal panels shall be a self-adhered membrane rated for continuous service at the panel underside temperature and complying with ASTM D1970 where used for ice-dam protection.
+## Underlayment Beneath Metal Panels {toc}
−## The underlayment shall be rated by its manufacturer for a minimum surface temperature of 240 °F.
+### A metal panel in sun reaches a surface temperature that softens an ordinary asphalt underlayment and bonds it to the panel underside, and a self-adhering sheet that is not rated for the temperature flows and loses its bond at the laps. That is why the underlayment beneath a metal roof is rated by temperature rather than selected by the shingle rules, and why the three families differ: {note}
−## Standard organic felt underlayment shall not be used directly beneath metal roof panels. {note}
+- A self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet, high-temperature rated, seals around every clip fastener that passes through it, is itself a secondary waterproofing layer, and is the underlayment on which most manufacturer weathertightness warranties over a solid deck are written; it is the most expensive and it is a vapor retarder, so the assembly below it must be designed to dry inward
+- A mechanically attached polymeric synthetic sheet is light, tear-resistant, and vapor-open, with a high-temperature grade available, and it is used with a self-adhering ice barrier at the eaves, valleys, and penetrations where sealing around fasteners matters
+- An asphalt-saturated organic felt is the traditional underlayment the model code still permits beneath metal panels, at the lowest cost; it is not rated for high temperature, it wrinkles when wet, and panel manufacturers commonly exclude it from a weathertightness warranty
−## Standard organic felt or non-high-temperature synthetic underlayment shall not be installed directly beneath metal roof panels.
+### Underlayment shall be installed over the full area of every solid deck beneath metal roof panels, of a type IBC Section 1507 permits beneath metal roof panels.
−## In climate zones requiring ice-dam protection, self-adhered underlayment shall extend from the eave edge to a point at least 24 in inside the interior face of the exterior wall.
+### The underlayment type shall be as selected in the datasheet.
−## The extent of full-coverage versus eave-only self-adhered underlayment is as indicated. [[drawing: underlayment extent plan]]
−
```datasheet
label: Underlayment Type
−type: select
+type: radio
options:
− - High-temperature self-adhered (full coverage)
− - High-temperature self-adhered (eave/valley) plus high-temp synthetic field
− - High-temperature synthetic (mechanically attached)
−default: High-temperature self-adhered (full coverage)
+ - "Self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet"
+ - "Mechanically attached polymeric synthetic sheet"
+ - "Asphalt-saturated organic felt"
+default: "Self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet"
```
+### Self-adhering underlayment shall conform to ASTM D1970/D1970M and shall be rated by its manufacturer for continuous service beneath a metal roof panel.
+
+### Mechanically attached synthetic underlayment shall conform to ASTM D8257/D8257M and shall be attached with the cap fasteners, spacing, and laps the underlayment manufacturer publishes for the roof slope and for the high-wind exposure where one applies.
+
+### Asphalt-saturated felt underlayment shall conform to ASTM D226/D226M Type II or ASTM D4869/D4869M Type IV.
+
+### Underlayment shall be lapped to shed water, shall be continuous over the deck before any panel is installed, and shall be turned up at curbs and walls and lapped over eave and valley metal as the panel manufacturer details.
+
+### Where a self-adhering underlayment is installed beneath copper or zinc panels, a slip sheet or a vented underlayment the panel manufacturer publishes as compatible shall separate the panel from the adhesive.
+
+### Underlayment left exposed to weather before panels are installed shall not remain exposed longer than the underlayment manufacturer's published exposure limit, and underlayment that has exceeded that limit shall be replaced at the Contractor's cost.
+
+## Ice Barrier {toc}
+
+### An ice dam forms where meltwater from the warm upper roof refreezes at the cold eave; the water behind the dam stands against the seam and backs up under the panel. A self-adhering membrane from the eave to a line inside the exterior wall is the code's answer, and the code requires it where the jurisdiction has a history of ice forming at the eaves. {note}
+
+### Whether an ice barrier is required shall be determined from the ice barrier provisions of [[parameter: adopted-building-code]] for the site in [[parameter: climate-zone]], and shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Underlayment Minimum Temperature Rating
+label: Ice Barrier at Eaves and Valleys
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Required"
+ - "Not required"
+derived: "the ice barrier provisions of [[parameter: adopted-building-code]] for the site in [[parameter: climate-zone]]"
+default: derived
+```
+
+### Where an ice barrier is required, a self-adhering polymer-modified bitumen sheet conforming to ASTM D1970/D1970M, rated for service beneath a metal panel, shall extend from the lowest edge of every roof surface to a line not less than 24 in inside the interior face of the exterior wall, and not less than 36 in each side of the centerline of every valley.
+
+### Where the selected underlayment is itself a self-adhering sheet over the full deck, that sheet satisfies the ice barrier requirement.
+
+## Underlayment Temperature Rating {toc}
+
+### The underlayment beneath metal panels on a solid deck shall be rated by its manufacturer for a continuous service temperature of not less than the value indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Underlayment Minimum Service Temperature Rating
type: range
unit: °F
min: 200
max: 260
−step: 10
+setpoints: [200, 220, 240, 260]
default: 240
```
−# Installation {toc}
+### The 240 °F rating is the grade the North American market labels as high-temperature underlayment and is the rating most panel manufacturers require beneath a warranted metal roof over a solid deck; the higher rating serves dark finishes in hot climates and the lower serves light finishes and ventilated assemblies. {note}
−## The panel system shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, the approved shop drawings, and the approved mockup.
+## Thermal Spacer Blocks Over Purlins {toc}
−## Panels shall be installed straight, true, and in alignment, with seams plumb and parallel.
+### Where blanket insulation is draped over purlins beneath a structural panel, the clip compresses the blanket to nothing at every purlin and the purlin becomes a continuous thermal bridge; a rigid foam spacer block between the clip and the purlin keeps the blanket at a working thickness over the purlin and is required by the energy code's metal building roof insulation provisions. The block also changes the clip's height and the fastener's length, so it is part of the tested assembly. {note}
−## Installation should follow the applicable details of the NRCA Roofing Manual for metal panel roof systems where a project detail is not provided. {note}
+### Where blanket insulation is installed over purlins beneath structural panels, a thermal spacer block of the thickness [[parameter: adopted-energy-code]] requires for the roof assembly shall be installed between each clip and the purlin, and the clip fastener length shall be increased accordingly.
−## Substrate Preparation {note}
+### The spacer block, clip, and fastener combination shall be that with which the uplift rating relied on was tested, or the panel manufacturer's engineer shall certify in writing that the rating applies with the block installed.
−### The solid deck or framing shall be inspected for proper slope, attachment, and surface condition before underlayment and panels are installed.
+### The blanket insulation, its facing, and any liner system beneath the purlins are governed by [[sync/building-thermal-insulation]]; this standard governs the block between the clip and the purlin.
−### Defects in the deck or framing that would impair panel installation or performance shall be corrected before work proceeds.
+# Trim, Flashings, Penetrations, and Curbs {toc}
−### Underlayment shall be installed lapped to shed water and shall be continuous before panel installation begins.
+## Panel-Integrated Trim {toc}
−## Panel Installation {note}
+### Eave, rake, ridge, hip, and transition trim furnished with the panel system shall be of the same base metal, gauge or thickness, metallic coating, and finish as the panels, except that trim gauge may be heavier where the panel manufacturer details it.
−### Mechanically seamed panels shall be field-seamed with the seaming tool specified by the manufacturer to the full seam fold within the manufacturer's allowable time after panel placement.
+### Trim shall be detailed and attached to permit the panel's design movement, with slotted holes or sliding cleats at every connection to a floating panel, and shall be sealed to the panels with closures and continuous sealant as the panel manufacturer details.
−### Snap-lock panels shall be fully engaged along the entire seam length so the seam is continuously locked.
+### Eave trim shall be installed under the underlayment at the eave where a solid deck exists and shall be fastened at the spacing the perimeter zone pressure requires, and panels shall be hooked or hemmed to the eave trim where the panel manufacturer details a hooked eave.
−### Clips shall be fastened to the structure at the spacing established by the tested assembly, with floating clips set to permit the calculated thermal travel.
+### Rake trim shall be attached to the rake panel seam or to a rake angle so that the panel's thermal movement along the rake is not restrained.
−### Field-cutting of panels shall be performed with tools that do not damage the coating; abrasive saws that throw hot metal filings onto the finish shall not be used.
+### Ridge and hip caps shall be installed over profile closures set in continuous sealant, shall be attached to the panel seams or to a ridge angle so that the panels float beneath them, and shall be vented where the roof assembly is designed to vent at the ridge.
−### Panels shall not be cut with abrasive saws or torches that deposit hot metal particles on the finish.
+### Where eave gutters are furnished as part of the panel system, they shall match the panel metal and finish, shall be attached so that the panel's movement at the eave is not restrained, and shall be sized and sloped as [[sync/gutters-and-downspouts]] requires.
−### Cut edges and minor coating damage shall be touched up with the manufacturer's matching repair coating.
+### Trim profiles and locations shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the roof plan and the eave, rake, ridge, and transition details]].
−## Penetrations and Terminations {note}
+## Valleys and Transitions {toc}
−### Penetrations through metal roof panels shall be flashed with manufacturer-approved boots, curbs, or formed flashing detailed to permit panel thermal movement.
+### A valley collects the runoff of two roof planes into one channel, carries snow and ice longer than the field, and is the one place where panels from two planes end against the same piece of metal; valley metal is therefore heavier, wider, and more deliberately sealed than any other trim. A transition from a steep plane to a shallower one, or from panels to a wall, is the same problem in one direction. {note}
−### Eave, ridge, hip, valley, and rake terminations shall be closed with matching closures and flashing detailed for weathertightness.
+### Valley metal shall be of the same base metal and finish as the panels, of a gauge not lighter than the panels, formed with a center diverter rib and with hemmed edges that receive the panel cleats, and shall extend not less than 12 in beneath the panels on each side of the valley centerline.
−### The location of all roof penetrations and rooftop equipment supports is as indicated. [[drawing: roof penetration plan]]
+### Valley metal shall be installed over the ice barrier or self-adhering underlayment, shall be cleated to permit movement, and shall not be face-fastened within the water channel.
−## Protection {note}
+### Panels terminating at a valley or at a sloped transition shall be hemmed or closed at the cut end, sealed to the valley or transition metal with the closure and sealant the panel manufacturer details, and left free to move along the valley.
−### Installed panels shall be protected from foot traffic, dropped tools, and trade damage until the work is accepted.
+### Panels terminating against a wall shall be turned up or closed with a wall closure, counterflashed by the sheet metal work of [[sync/sheet-metal-flashing-and-trim]] or by the wall cladding, and detailed so that the counterflashing does not restrain the panel.
−### Strippable protective film, where provided on the finish, shall be removed within the time limit set by the finish manufacturer to prevent adhesive staining.
+## Pipe and Small Penetrations {toc}
−# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
+### A pipe through a floating panel moves with the panel, not with the pipe, so the flashing between them is a flexible boot rather than a rigid collar; the boot's base is formed to the panel profile and its cone grips the pipe, and the whole penetration is placed in the flat of the pan where the base can seal, never through the seam. Penetrations larger than a boot can seal, and penetrations that cannot be placed in the flat, are curbed. {note}
−## Panels shall be delivered in the manufacturer's packaging with labels identifying profile, gauge, finish, and color intact.
+### Pipes, conduits, and other round penetrations shall be flashed with a flexible EPDM or silicone boot having a formable base, set in sealant on the panel and mechanically fastened to the panel through the base at the spacing the boot manufacturer publishes.
−## Panels and accessories shall be stored off the ground, on a slope, and covered with a breathable cover to prevent water entrapment and white-rust staining of bare or Galvalume surfaces.
+### Round penetrations shall be located in the flat of the pan, clear of the seam by the distance the boot base requires, and the location of each shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the roof plan]].
−## Bundled panels shall be stored elevated at one end so that any entrapped moisture drains and does not pond between nested panels.
+### A round penetration whose diameter exceeds the largest boot the boot manufacturer rates for the panel profile, or that cannot be placed in the flat of the pan, shall be curbed under this standard.
−## Panels stored on site shall be kept dry, as trapped moisture between nested panels causes water staining and coating damage.
+### Boots on mechanically seamed and snap-lock panels shall be silicone or a high-temperature EPDM where the pipe carries hot flue gas or exhaust.
−## Panels shall be handled to prevent bending, denting, and abrasion of the finish, and shall be lifted rather than dragged across one another.
+## Curbs for Hatches, Vents, and Skylights {toc}
−## Coil and panel stock for field roll-forming shall be protected from moisture, dust, and mechanical damage before forming.
+### A curb on a metal panel roof either floats on the panels, seamed to the panel ribs at its sides and carried by the panels so that it moves with them, or is framed to the structure below with the panels terminated at its perimeter so that the panels move past it. A floating curb keeps the panel run continuous and is the curb most panel and curb manufacturers detail for standing seams; a structural curb is used where the unit is heavy, where the opening is wide, or where the unit must not move. Either curb needs a cricket or diverter on its upslope side, because a curb is a dam. {note}
−# Warranty {toc}
+### Curb framing and panel penetration treatment for roof hatches, smoke vents, skylights, and mechanical units set on standing-seam, batten-seam, or through-fastened panels are governed by this standard; the units themselves are governed by [[sync/roof-hatches-and-smoke-vents]] and [[sync/skylights]]. {note}
−## Three distinct warranties apply to a metal roof: the finish (fade and chalk), the weathertightness of the installation, and the overall system; each has a different obligor and duration. {note}
+### The curb mounting method for units set on the panels shall be as selected in the datasheet.
−## The manufacturer shall provide a finish warranty against excessive fade, chalk, and film integrity failure for the period specified.
+```datasheet
+label: Curb Mounting on Panels
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Floating curb seamed to the panel ribs and carried by the panels"
+ - "Structural curb framed to the structure below with panels terminated at the curb"
+ - "Both, selected unit by unit"
+```
−## The Contractor shall provide a weathertightness warranty against leaks resulting from defective installation for the period specified.
+### Curbs set on the panels shall be of the panel manufacturer's design or of a metal roof curb manufacturer's design the panel manufacturer accepts in writing, of the same base metal and finish as the panels or of aluminum where the panels are aluminum, with integral upslope diverter, downslope and side flanges formed to the panel profile, and a water-shedding top rim.
−## A manufacturer's weathertightness or system warranty shall be provided where the manufacturer's certified installer performs the work and the manufacturer inspects the installation.
+### A floating curb shall be seamed or sealed to the panel ribs on each side, shall not be fastened to the structure through the panels, and shall be sized so that the unit it carries does not exceed the load the panel manufacturer permits on the panels.
+### A structural curb shall be framed to the purlins or deck below, and the panels shall terminate at its perimeter with closures, sealant, and a counterflashing attached to the curb that permits the panels to move.
+
+### Every curb wider than 24 in across the slope shall have a cricket or diverter on its upslope side formed of panel metal and sloped to drain to each side of the curb.
+
+### The cricket at a skylight or hatch curb shall be fabricated and installed by the roofing work under this standard, coordinated with the unit supplier so that the curb height above the cricket satisfies the unit's required curb height.
+
+### Curb locations shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the roof plan]].
+
+## Translucent Panel Inserts {toc}
+
+### A translucent panel formed to the metal panel profile and set into the panel run admits daylight without a curb, and it is the daylighting the skylight standard sends here. Fiber-reinforced polyester (FRP) is the traditional and lowest-cost material and yellows and loses light transmission over years of ultraviolet exposure; polycarbonate holds its transmission longer, resists impact, and costs more. Either is a fall-through hazard until it is guarded, and either is a glazed opening in a wind-borne debris region. {note}
+
+### Where translucent panel inserts are indicated, the insert material shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Finish Warranty Term
−type: select
+label: Translucent Panel Insert Material
+type: radio
options:
− - 20 years
− - 25 years
− - 30 years
− - 35 years
− - 40 years
−default: 30 years
+ - "Fiber-reinforced polyester (FRP)"
+ - "Polycarbonate"
+ - "Not applicable, no translucent inserts"
```
+### Translucent inserts shall match the metal panel profile, shall be of a thickness and reinforcement the insert manufacturer rates for the panel span and the design uplift pressure, and shall be sealed and fastened to the adjacent metal panels as the panel manufacturer details.
+
+### Translucent inserts shall be guarded against fall-through by a screen or grate beneath the insert, or shall be rated by the insert manufacturer to resist the fall-through load the applicable occupational safety regulation requires, and the guard shall be installed before the roof is accessed for other work.
+
+### Where [[parameter: wind-borne-debris-region]] places the building in a wind-borne debris region, translucent inserts shall be impact-resistant or impact-protected as [[parameter: adopted-building-code]] requires for glazed openings, tested per ASTM E1886 and ASTM E1996 for the missile level the code assigns to the roof.
+
+### Translucent insert locations shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the roof plan]].
+
+## Snow Retention {toc}
+
+### Snow slides off a smooth metal roof in a sheet, and the sheet takes the gutter, the exhaust vent, and whoever is below it with it. Snow retention holds the snow on the roof so it melts in place, and it loads the roof and the seams it is attached to: {note}
+
+- A clamp-to-seam bar or rail system grips the seam of a standing-seam panel without penetration, is engineered as a continuous barrier, and is the system used on floating standing-seam roofs because it moves with the panels; the clamp must be listed for the specific seam profile
+- Clamp-to-seam pad guards are individual guards clamped to the seams in a pattern, less costly than a continuous bar and suited to light snow loads and short slopes
+- A mechanically fastened bar or guard is screwed through the panel to the structure and is the system for through-fastened panels, which have no seam to clamp; on a floating standing-seam panel it pins the panel and is not used
+- The design is a structural calculation from the ground snow load, the slope, the panel run length, and the tested holding capacity of the clamp, and it is laid out in rows from the eave upward
+
+### Whether snow retention is required, and its type, shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Weathertightness Warranty Term
−type: select
+label: Snow Retention System
+type: radio
options:
− - 2 years
− - 5 years
− - 10 years
− - 20 years
−default: 5 years
+ - "Clamp-to-seam continuous bar or rail"
+ - "Clamp-to-seam individual pad guards"
+ - "Mechanically fastened bar or guard through the panel"
+ - "Not required"
```
+### Snow retention shall be designed by the snow retention manufacturer for the ground snow load, roof slope, and panel run length indicated on [[drawing: the structural drawings and the roof plan]], using the tested holding capacity of the clamp on the specified seam profile, and the layout calculation shall be included in the action submittal.
+
+### Clamp-to-seam devices shall be listed by their manufacturer for the specific seam profile and seam height installed, shall grip the seam with set screws that do not penetrate the seam, and shall be installed at the torque the device manufacturer publishes.
+
+### Snow retention shall not be mechanically fastened through a floating standing-seam panel.
+
+### Snow retention shall be of a metal galvanically compatible with the panel, and clamps on aluminum, copper, or zinc panels shall be of aluminum, stainless steel, or the panel metal.
+
+### Snow retention shall be located above eaves over entrances, walkways, gutters, rooftop equipment, lower roofs, and wherever indicated on [[drawing: the roof plan]].
+
+## Rooftop Attachments by Others {toc}
+
+### Photovoltaic racking, fall-protection anchors, lightning conductors, and signage are attached to a standing-seam roof by seam clamps for the same reason snow retention is: the clamp holds without penetrating and moves with the panel. Each of those systems is specified elsewhere, but the seam and the panel are this standard's, and whether the seam can carry the clamp reaction is confirmed here. {note}
+
+### Attachments to the panels by other trades, including the racking of [[sync/photovoltaic-systems]], the anchors of [[sync/fall-protection-anchorage]], and the conductors of [[sync/lightning-protection]], shall be made with clamps listed for the specific seam profile and shall not penetrate the panels, unless the Engineer of Record accepts a curbed or boot-flashed penetration under this standard.
+
+### The Contractor shall obtain the panel manufacturer's written confirmation that the seam and panel can carry the clamp reactions of each attached system, and shall include that confirmation in the action submittal.
+
+### Attachments by other trades shall be installed only after the panels are seamed and inspected, and any damage to the panels or finish caused by those attachments shall be repaired at the cost of the trade that caused it.
+
+# Testing {toc}
+
+## Laboratory Qualification Tests {toc}
+
+### Laboratory qualification proves the system before it is committed to the building, and each test is tied to a configuration: a report on a 24 gauge panel at a 5 ft span with a two-piece clip says nothing about the same profile in 26 gauge at 6 ft on a fixed clip. {note}
+
+### The panel system shall be qualified by laboratory testing of the assembly for the selected test package, in a configuration matching the project.
+
```datasheet
−label: Manufacturer System Warranty
+label: Laboratory Test Package Required
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Uplift resistance by the selected rating method"
+ - "Water penetration by static water head, ASTM E2140"
+ - "Water penetration by static air pressure difference, ASTM E1646"
+ - "Air leakage, ASTM E1680"
+ - "Roof covering fire classification, ASTM E108 or UL 790"
+ - "Hail impact resistance, UL 2218 or FM 4471"
+default:
+ - "Uplift resistance by the selected rating method"
+ - "Water penetration by static air pressure difference, ASTM E1646"
+ - "Roof covering fire classification, ASTM E108 or UL 790"
+```
+
+### Where hail impact resistance is included in the test package, the panel system shall carry the UL 2218 class or the FM 4471 hail rating the Contract Documents or the Owner's insurer requires, and the rating shall be stated in the action submittal.
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the test reports, classifications, and approvals for the assembly configuration matching the project as part of the action submittal package.
+
+## Field Water Testing {toc}
+
+### Field water testing catches what a laboratory specimen cannot: a missed closure, an unsealed endlap, a boot set over a seam, or a curb flange left open at a corner. A calibrated spray applied to fixed, sealed terminations and penetrations, with an observer below, finds those defects while the panel is still accessible. {note}
+
+### Whether field water testing of the installed panel system is required shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Field Water Testing
type: radio
options:
− - Required (NDL/no-dollar-limit)
− - Required (standard)
− - Not required
−default: Not required
+ - "Required"
+ - "Not required"
```
−# Spare Parts {toc}
+### Where required, the field water test shall apply the AAMA 501.2 nozzle method, or the panel manufacturer's published spray test procedure, to a representative sample of eave, rake, ridge, valley, endlap, penetration, and curb conditions selected by the Engineer of Record, with an observer at the underside of the roof.
−## Spare panels and matching touch-up coating allow future repair with the original profile and color, which can become unavailable after a finish line is discontinued. {note}
+### Field testing shall be performed early enough in the installation sequence that a defect found can be corrected before the condition is repeated across the roof, and before the underside of the roof is concealed by a ceiling or liner.
−## The Contractor shall deliver spare panels of each profile and color used, in the quantity specified, for future repairs.
+### Any leak found shall be located, repaired, and re-tested until passing, and the cost of repair and re-testing shall be borne by the Contractor.
−## The Contractor shall deliver spare clips, fasteners, closures, and sealant matching those installed.
+# Installation {toc}
−## The Contractor shall deliver touch-up coating matching each finish for field repair of minor coating damage.
+## Substrate Verification {toc}
+### The purlin spacing, the deck flatness, and the deck attachment are inherited by the roofing Contractor rather than installed, and they govern clip pull-out, seam alignment, and the oil-canning the panels will telegraph. Proceeding over a substrate accepts it. {note}
+
+### Before underlayment or panels are installed, the Contractor shall verify that purlins or deck are installed at the spacing and within the flatness tolerance the panel manufacturer publishes for the specified panel, that the deck or purlin attachment is complete, and that the substrate is dry, clean, and free of protruding fasteners.
+
+### The Contractor shall report every substrate deficiency in writing before covering the affected area, and shall not proceed over a deficient area until the deficiency has been corrected and the area re-inspected.
+
+### Where the parties disagree whether a substrate condition is a deficiency, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.
+
+## Panel Layout and Fixed Point {toc}
+
+### The fixed point is where the panel is pinned to the structure and from which it grows in both directions, and the choice sets where the movement shows: {note}
+
+- Fixing at the eave keeps the eave hem and the gutter relationship constant and sends the movement to the ridge, where a ridge cap over closures absorbs it; it is the common choice where the eave detail is the one that must not open
+- Fixing at the ridge keeps the ridge closure constant and sends the movement to the eave, where the panel end travels along the eave trim; it is used where the ridge is the critical seal or where panels on both sides of the ridge are joined
+- Fixing at a point between them halves the travel at each end and is used on the longest runs, where the clip travel at either end would otherwise be exceeded
+
+### The fixed point of each panel run shall be as selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Spare Full-Length Panels (per profile/color)
+label: Panel Fixed Point
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Fixed at the eave"
+ - "Fixed at the ridge or high side"
+ - "Fixed at an intermediate point on the run"
+```
+
+### The fixed point of each panel run shall be shown on the shop drawings, and the fixing shall be made with the fixed clip, the pinned fastener row, or the fixed eave hook the panel manufacturer details for the specified panel.
+
+### Panels shall be laid out so that seams are straight, parallel, and in alignment across ridges and hips, with the starting panel set square to the eave and checked for alignment at intervals not exceeding ten panels.
+
+### Panels shall be installed with seams and laps away from the prevailing wind where the manufacturer's instructions permit the direction of installation to be chosen.
+
+## Seaming and Clip Installation {toc}
+
+### Clips shall be installed at the spacing shown on the shop drawings for each roof zone, fastened with the fasteners the uplift rating requires, and seated flat on the purlin, spacer block, or deck without rocking.
+
+### Mechanically seamed panels shall be seamed within the time after placement the manufacturer publishes, with the seamer set and checked at the start of each run, and no panel shall be left unseamed at the end of a work period.
+
+### Seams shall be inspected for complete engagement along their full length, and any seam found open, skipped, or damaged by the seamer shall be corrected before the next panel is placed.
+
+### Panels shall not be walked on in the pan where the manufacturer prohibits it, and foot traffic shall be confined to the locations and the protection the manufacturer publishes.
+
+## Field Cutting, Swarf, and Touch-Up {toc}
+
+### Steel swarf from a drill or an abrasive saw lands on the finish as hot filings, embeds, and rusts, leaving a stain pattern that reads as a failed coating; cutting with shears or a nibbler and sweeping the roof each day prevents it. {note}
+
+### Field cuts shall be made with shears, a nibbler, or a cold-cutting saw, and abrasive-wheel saws and torches shall not be used on finished panels or trim.
+
+### Drill shavings, cut filings, pop-rivet mandrels, and loose fasteners shall be removed from the panels at the end of each work period.
+
+### Cut edges shall be deburred, and cut edges of coated steel exposed to weather shall be hemmed or sealed as the panel manufacturer details.
+
+### Minor scratches in the finish shall be touched up with the panel manufacturer's touch-up coating in the matching color, limited to the area and the locations the manufacturer permits for touch-up, because field paint weathers differently from the factory finish.
+
+### Panels and trim with dents, creases, cracked finish, or scratches through the metallic coating on surfaces visible in the completed work shall be replaced, and where the parties disagree whether damage is visible or a surface is prominent, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.
+
+## Protection of Installed Work {toc}
+
+### Installed panels shall be protected from the traffic, dropped tools, staged material, and runoff of other trades until final acceptance, and damage caused by another trade shall be repaired at that trade's cost.
+
+### Strippable protective film, where supplied on the finish, shall be removed within the exposure period the finish manufacturer publishes, because film left in sunlight bonds to the finish and mars it on removal.
+
+### Materials staged on installed panels shall be placed over supports and shall be distributed so that no concentrated load exceeds the panel manufacturer's published limit or the capacity of the deck and framing at that location.
+
+# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
+
+## Delivery and Site Storage {toc}
+
+### Water trapped between nested panels does not drain and does not evaporate, and within days it stains a bare aluminum-zinc surface white and a painted surface with a wet-storage pattern that is permanent. Storage is therefore elevated, sloped, and ventilated, never sealed under a tarp. {note}
+
+### Panels shall be delivered in the manufacturer's packaging with the profile, gauge, finish, color, and coil or lot number legible on each bundle.
+
+### Panel bundles shall be stored off the ground on supports, sloped so that any water drains from between the panels, and covered with a breathable cover that sheds rain while permitting air circulation.
+
+### Bundles that have taken on water between panels shall be opened, separated, and dried, and panels showing wet-storage staining shall be replaced at the Contractor's cost.
+
+### Panels and trim shall be lifted on edge with spreader bars or by enough workers to prevent buckling, and shall not be dragged across one another.
+
+### Coil for field roll-forming shall be stored upright on its skid under cover, protected from moisture, dust, and edge damage, and shall be inspected for coil-set, edge waviness, and finish damage before forming.
+
+### Sealants, underlayment, and boots shall be stored within the temperature range their manufacturers publish for storage, and self-adhering underlayment shall be stored on end and out of sunlight.
+
+# Warranty {toc}
+
+## Contractor Workmanship Warranty {toc}
+
+### The Contractor's warranty covers the installation itself, including the trim, closures, penetrations, and curbs the manufacturer's finish warranty does not reach and the manufacturer's weathertightness warranty may exclude. {note}
+
+### The Contractor shall provide a written warranty against defects in workmanship and against leaks attributable to the installation, for the term indicated in the datasheet, running from the date of substantial completion.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Contractor Workmanship Warranty Term
type: range
−unit: each
−min: 0
−max: 20
+unit: years
+min: 1
+max: 10
step: 1
−default: 3
+default: 2
```
+### The Contractor warranty shall cover the labor and materials required to correct the defect and to repair damage the defect caused to the roof assembly and to the building interior below it.
+
+### Where a warranty repair is performed, the repaired work shall carry a fresh warranty term running from the date of the repair, or the remainder of the original term, whichever is longer.
+
+## Finish Warranty {toc}
+
+### The finish warranty is written in three measurable terms: chalking per ASTM D4214, in which a higher number is less chalk; color change per ASTM D2244, in Hunter or CIELAB units, in which a lower number is less fade; and film integrity, meaning no peeling, checking, or cracking. The available term tracks the finish: a two-coat PVDF carries the longest warranties at the tightest chalk and fade limits, SMP a shorter term at looser limits, and polyester the shortest. A warranty written at a looser limit over a longer term is not a better warranty. {note}
+
+### The panel manufacturer shall provide a written finish warranty covering chalking, color change, and film integrity for the term indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Spare Materials to Deliver
+label: Finish Warranty Term
+type: range
+unit: years
+min: 5
+max: 40
+setpoints: [5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40]
+default: 30
+```
+
+### The finish warranty shall warrant that chalking will not exceed the limit indicated in the datasheet, measured per ASTM D4214, over the warranty term.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum Chalk Rating Over the Warranty Term (ASTM D4214)
+type: range
+unit: rating
+min: 6
+max: 9
+step: 1
+default: 8
+```
+
+### The finish warranty shall warrant that color change will not exceed the limit indicated in the datasheet, measured per ASTM D2244, over the warranty term.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Maximum Color Change Over the Warranty Term (ASTM D2244)
+type: range
+unit: ΔE
+min: 3
+max: 10
+step: 1
+default: 5
+```
+
+### Where the selected finish is bare aluminum-zinc, mill finish, or natural weathering copper or zinc, the finish warranty shall instead cover the metallic coating or the metal against perforation and against failure of any mill-applied clear coating, for the term indicated.
+
+### Where the finish warranty available for the selected finish is shorter than the term indicated, or its chalk and fade limits looser than those indicated, the Contractor shall report the difference with the action submittal, and shall not substitute the shorter or looser warranty without the Owner's written acceptance.
+
+## Manufacturer Weathertightness Warranty {toc}
+
+### The manufacturer's weathertightness warranty is written on the complete system, including the trim, closures, sealant, and the penetrations and curbs the manufacturer details, and it is the warranty that makes the seam and the installer the manufacturer's problem rather than the Owner's. The types differ in what they pay for: a standard warranty pays labor and material up to a stated dollar limit, and a no-dollar-limit warranty removes the cap, which is why it is conditioned on an authorized installer, the manufacturer's details at every termination, the specified underlayment and clip, and a manufacturer inspection before issuance. Through-fastened systems and dry snap-lock seams are commonly offered no weathertightness warranty at all. {note}
+
+### The manufacturer's weathertightness warranty type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Manufacturer Weathertightness Warranty Type
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "No manufacturer weathertightness warranty beyond the finish and material warranties"
+ - "Manufacturer weathertightness warranty up to a stated dollar limit"
+ - "Manufacturer no-dollar-limit weathertightness warranty"
+```
+
+### The manufacturer's weathertightness warranty term shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Manufacturer Weathertightness Warranty Term
+type: range
+unit: years
+min: 5
+max: 30
+setpoints: [5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30]
+```
+
+### The Contractor shall confirm with the panel manufacturer, before the action submittal package is submitted, every condition the manufacturer places on issuing the warranty type and term indicated, and shall report in writing any project condition, including the slope, the seam type, the underlayment, and any curb or penetration by another trade, that would prevent its issuance.
+
+### The Contractor shall not substitute a warranty of lesser type or shorter term than that indicated in the datasheet without the Owner's written acceptance.
+
+### The Contractor shall deliver to the Owner, with the warranty, a written statement of the conditions that void or limit coverage, including the procedure by which the Owner obtains the manufacturer's authorization before any attachment to the roof or rooftop work is performed after acceptance.
+
+# Spare Parts and Attic Stock {toc}
+
+## Attic Stock {toc}
+
+### A panel profile, a coil color, and a clip design are each discontinued without notice, and a repair ten years on is made from the original roll or not at all; matching stock is procured with the original work for that reason. {note}
+
+### The Contractor shall deliver to the Owner the attic stock selected in the datasheet, matching the installed profile, gauge, finish, and color.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Attic Stock Furnished to the Owner
type: checkbox
options:
− - Full-length panels
− - Clips
− - Fasteners
− - Closures
− - Sealant/butyl
− - Touch-up coating
+ - "Full-length panels of each profile and color"
+ - "Clips of each type installed"
+ - "Fasteners of each type installed"
+ - "Closures of each profile"
+ - "Seam sealant and butyl tape"
+ - "Pipe boots of each size installed"
+ - "Snow retention clamps and components"
+ - "Touch-up coating in each color"
default:
− - Full-length panels
− - Clips
− - Fasteners
− - Touch-up coating
+ - "Full-length panels of each profile and color"
+ - "Clips of each type installed"
+ - "Fasteners of each type installed"
+ - "Touch-up coating in each color"
```
+
+### The number of full-length spare panels of each profile and color shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Spare Full-Length Panels per Profile and Color
+type: range
+unit: each
+min: 0
+max: 20
+step: 1
+default: 2
+```
+
+### Attic stock shall be from the same coil or production lot as the installed panels where the manufacturer can supply it from that lot, and shall be labeled with the profile, gauge, finish, color, and the coil or lot number.
+
+### Attic stock shall be delivered to the location on the site the Owner designates, stored as this standard requires for panels, and receipted by the Owner.