Photovoltaic Systems
Cross-references point to the standards that now own the topic after the October electrical rewrites: MV cable to medium-voltage-cables, energy storage to battery-energy-storage-systems, service grounding to grounding-and-bonding, lightning to lightning-protection.
Showing changes from Rev 2
to Rev 3
in Photovoltaic Systems.
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title: Photovoltaic Systems
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description: >
When to use: Roof-mounted and ground-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) electric power systems for commercial, institutional, industrial, and multifamily buildings, sized from a few kilowatts to multiple megawatts and interconnected with the building electrical system and, through it, the serving utility. Covers PV modules; string, central, and module-level (microinverter and DC optimizer) inverter topologies; DC and AC conductors and overcurrent protection; rapid shutdown and arc-fault protection; equipment grounding and bonding; surge protection; mounting and racking for ballasted flat-roof, attached/flashed-penetration, and standing-seam metal-clamp roofs and for fixed-tilt and single-axis-tracker ground mounts; rooftop fire-service access pathways and setbacks; revenue-grade production metering and monitoring; and the load-side and supply-side interconnection paths governed by NFPA 70 Articles 690 and 705.
− Not intended for: Utility-scale large-scale PV electric supply stations under the exclusive control of an electric utility (NFPA 70 Article 691); the battery energy storage system itself, its enclosure, thermal management, and battery management, which is a separate scope (see [[sync/dc-battery-systems]]); the building site civil, structural, and geotechnical engineering that establishes roof and foundation load capacity, which is a separate licensed-engineer scope referenced but not specified here; off-grid and stand-alone power systems with no utility interconnection; and solar thermal (hot water) collectors, which are not electric power production sources.
+ Not intended for: Utility-scale large-scale PV electric supply stations under the exclusive control of an electric utility (NFPA 70 Article 691); the battery energy storage system itself, its enclosure, thermal management, and battery management, which is a separate scope (see [[sync/battery-energy-storage-systems]]); the building site civil, structural, and geotechnical engineering that establishes roof and foundation load capacity, which is a separate licensed-engineer scope referenced but not specified here; off-grid and stand-alone power systems with no utility interconnection; and solar thermal (hot water) collectors, which are not electric power production sources.
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## Large-scale PV electric supply stations under the exclusive control of an electric utility and governed by NFPA 70 Article 691 are outside the scope of this standard. {note}
−## A battery energy storage system, where provided, is interfaced with the PV system but is a separate scope; coordination only is addressed here, and the storage equipment is specified under [[sync/dc-battery-systems]]. {note}
+## A battery energy storage system, where provided, is interfaced with the PV system but is a separate scope; coordination only is addressed here, and the storage equipment is specified under [[sync/battery-energy-storage-systems]]. {note}
## The structural and geotechnical adequacy of the roof, attachments, and ground-mount foundations is a licensed-engineer scope that is referenced but not specified by this standard; nothing in this standard relieves the Contractor of obtaining stamped structural and, for ground mounts, geotechnical engineering. {note}
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## Where the PV system is specified as storage-ready or is interfaced with a battery energy storage system, the DC- or AC-coupling interface shall be coordinated with the storage equipment under NFPA 70 Article 706. {note}
−### The PV-to-storage coupling method, where storage is provided, shall be documented and coordinated with [[sync/dc-battery-systems]].
+### The PV-to-storage coupling method, where storage is provided, shall be documented and coordinated with [[sync/battery-energy-storage-systems]].
### Storage-ready provisions shall reserve the physical space, conductor pathways, and interconnection capacity required for the future storage equipment so that later addition does not require rework of the PV interconnection.
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## Spare modules shall be from the same make and model as the installed array so that replacements match the electrical characteristics of the source circuit.