Self-Adhering Sheet Waterproofing
Remade from scratch to the authoring rules: below-grade use now belongs to below-grade waterproofing, and this standard owns plaza decks, split slabs and topping slabs over occupied space, which no standard owned before
Showing changes from Rev 2
to Rev 3
in Self-Adhering Sheet Waterproofing.
---
title: Self-Adhering Sheet Waterproofing
category: Building Envelope
−toc_depth: 3
description: >
− When to use: peel-and-stick (factory pressure-sensitive adhesive) sheet
− waterproofing membranes — polymer-modified bituminous and non-bituminous
− composite — on below-grade and foundation walls within their rated
− hydrostatic head, horizontal deck soffits, plaza decks, split-slab and
− topping-slab construction, wet-area tile/mortar beds, and roof eave/valley
− ice-and-water shield, in new construction or rehabilitation on concrete,
− masonry, metal, and wood substrates, including pre-applied (blind-side)
− assemblies, protection course, and drainage composite integration.
− Not intended for: fluid-applied coatings (use sync/fluid-applied-waterproofing);
− bituminous dampproofing with no hydrostatic resistance
− (use sync/dampproofing); the broad family of below-grade systems such as
− bentonite, crystalline, and hot-applied (use sync/below-grade-waterproofing);
− through-wall flashing and cavity-wall moisture control
− (use sync/through-wall-flashing); ice-and-water shield installed as part of a
− shingle roof system (use sync/asphalt-shingle-roofing); and built-up or
− torch-applied modified-bituminous roofing membranes.
+ When to use: Factory-adhesive (peel-and-stick) sheet waterproofing membranes installed above grade and on horizontal decks that enclose or protect occupied space: plaza, podium, and amenity decks, split-slab and topping-slab assemblies, parking and vehicular decks beneath a separate wearing slab, balconies, terraces, and exterior walkways over enclosed space, planters bearing on those decks, sheet membranes beneath mortar beds and topping slabs in interior wet areas, and full-coverage sheet membranes over steep-slope roof decks where the sheet is the waterproofing plane rather than an underlayment component of the roof covering. Covers rubberized asphalt, reinforced SBS-modified bitumen, butyl, and non-bituminous self-adhered sheets, service temperature rating, thickness and ply count, primer, substrate preparation on concrete, wood sheathing, and gypsum sheathing, application temperature limits, laps and rolling, terminations, drains and penetrations, the protection course, the drainage layer and overburden, the transition to the wall water-resistive barrier, field watertightness testing, and warranty.
+ Not intended for: Below-grade walls and slabs that retain earth, for every membrane family including self-adhered sheet and pre-applied blindside sheet ([[sync/below-grade-waterproofing]]); fluid-applied and hot rubberized asphalt waterproofing on decks and walls ([[sync/fluid-applied-waterproofing]]); dampproofing ([[sync/dampproofing]]); sheet membranes that are the primary weather barrier of a low-slope roof, including self-adhered modified bitumen roofing ([[sync/membrane-roofing]]); underlayment and ice barrier installed as components of an asphalt shingle roof or a metal panel roof ([[sync/asphalt-shingle-roofing]], [[sync/metal-roof-panels]]); the above-grade air barrier and water-resistive barrier plane and its transition membranes ([[sync/air-barriers]]); through-wall flashing in masonry walls ([[sync/through-wall-flashing]]); bonded thin-set waterproof membranes beneath tile and stone ([[sync/ceramic-tile]], [[sync/natural-stone-tile]]); the vegetated assembly above the root barrier ([[sync/vegetated-roofing]]); deck drain bodies and the storm piping they discharge to ([[sync/roof-drainage]]); building expansion joint assemblies and field-molded sealants beyond the membrane detail ([[sync/expansion-joints]], [[sync/joint-sealants]]); and water-containment structures such as pools, fountains, and tanks.
---
# Scope {toc}
−## This standard covers self-adhering (peel-and-stick) sheet waterproofing membranes that bond to the substrate through a factory-applied pressure-sensitive adhesive without hot-applied adhesives or open-flame torching. {note}
+## This standard governs the materials, substrate preparation, application, detailing, protection, testing, and warranty of sheet waterproofing membranes that bond to the substrate through a factory-applied adhesive compound and are installed cold, without hot asphalt, torch, or field-applied bonding adhesive. {note}
−## Self-adhering sheet membranes are supplied in rolls with a release liner; the adhesive face is exposed at installation and pressed to a primed or compatible substrate, forming a continuous fully-bonded waterproofing plane. The fully-bonded condition is the defining advantage over loose-laid systems: because the membrane is adhered, water that breaches a defect cannot migrate laterally between membrane and substrate to a remote leak, which keeps below-grade leaks local and findable. {note}
+## A self-adhered sheet arrives at a factory-controlled thickness and bonds fully to a prepared substrate, so a breach at one point cannot feed water laterally between membrane and substrate to a distant leak; the price of that bond is that every sheet edge is a field-made joint, and the compound grips only a substrate that is clean, dry, smooth, and warm enough for it to wet out. {note}
−## The following applications are within scope. {note}
+## Laps, terminations, drains, penetrations, and the window between application and cover therefore carry the same weight in this standard as the membrane itself, because field investigations of deck leakage locate the breach at those conditions far more often than in the field of the sheet. {note}
−### Below-grade and foundation walls within the membrane's rated hydrostatic head, both post-applied to cured concrete and masonry and pre-applied (blind-side) against formwork or soil-retention systems. {note}
+## The applications within this standard share one logic: the membrane is buried under something else and never sees traffic or weather in service. A plaza or split-slab deck buries it under a protection course, a drainage layer, and a wearing slab, pavers, or soil; an interior wet area buries it under a mortar bed or topping slab; a steep-slope roof deck buries it under a discontinuous roof covering. {note}
−### Horizontal applications including deck slab soffits, plaza decks, split-slab construction, and membranes installed beneath topping slabs, mortar beds, and tile in wet areas. {note}
+## The following are governed elsewhere and are outside this standard: {note}
−### Roof eave, valley, and penetration ice-and-water shield where the self-adhering sheet is the specified deck or below-grade waterproofing product rather than a component of a finished shingle roof system. {note}
+- below-grade walls and slabs that retain earth, for every membrane family including self-adhered sheet and pre-applied blindside sheet, under [[sync/below-grade-waterproofing]]
+- fluid-applied and hot rubberized asphalt waterproofing on decks and walls, under [[sync/fluid-applied-waterproofing]]
+- dampproofing without a waterproofing function, under [[sync/dampproofing]]
+- membranes that are the primary weather barrier of a low-slope roof, including self-adhered modified bitumen roofing plies, under [[sync/membrane-roofing]]
+- underlayment and ice barrier installed as components of a shingle roof or a metal panel roof, under [[sync/asphalt-shingle-roofing]] and [[sync/metal-roof-panels]]
+- the above-grade air barrier and water-resistive barrier plane and its transition membranes at fenestration, under [[sync/air-barriers]]
+- through-wall flashing and cavity drainage in masonry walls, under [[sync/through-wall-flashing]]
+- bonded thin-set waterproof membranes beneath tile and stone, under [[sync/ceramic-tile]] and [[sync/natural-stone-tile]]
+- the growing medium, drainage, and plants above the root barrier, under [[sync/vegetated-roofing]]
+- deck, balcony, and planter drain bodies and the storm piping they discharge to, under [[sync/roof-drainage]]
+- building expansion joint assemblies and field-molded sealants beyond the membrane detail, under [[sync/expansion-joints]] and [[sync/joint-sealants]]
+- the concrete substrate, its joints, and its waterstops, under [[sync/cast-in-place-concrete]] and [[sync/concrete-joints-and-waterstops]]
+- above-membrane insulation in a protected membrane assembly, under [[sync/building-thermal-insulation]]
+- wood structural panel sheathing as a structural element, under [[sync/wood-sheathing]]
−## The following systems are deliberately out of scope because a different membrane chemistry, hydrostatic rating, or installation discipline governs them; each is covered by a dedicated SynC standard. {note}
+## The extent of each waterproofed area and the overburden that bears on it shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the waterproofing plans and building sections]].
−- Fluid-applied (spray, roll, or brush) waterproofing coatings — [[sync/fluid-applied-waterproofing]].
−- Bituminous dampproofing (a single coat with no hydrostatic resistance, used only to retard capillary moisture) — [[sync/dampproofing]].
−- The broad family of below-grade waterproofing systems, including bentonite panels, crystalline admixtures, and hot-applied rubberized asphalt — [[sync/below-grade-waterproofing]]; this standard is the self-adhering-sheet member of that family.
−- Through-wall flashing and cavity-wall moisture control — [[sync/through-wall-flashing]].
−- Ice-and-water shield installed as an underlayment within a finished asphalt shingle roof — [[sync/asphalt-shingle-roofing]]; the same ASTM D1970 product used as deck or below-grade waterproofing falls under this standard.
−- Built-up and torch-applied modified-bituminous roofing membranes (a different product category, not self-adhering sheet waterproofing).
+## Where the Contract Documents, the adopted building code, and the membrane manufacturer's published instructions conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
# Referenced Standards {toc}
−## Materials, products, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
+## Materials, testing, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.
−## ASTM D6135, the historical application practice for self-adhering bituminous sheet, was withdrawn in 2014 and has not been replaced; as a result, this standard treats the manufacturer's published installation instructions as the governing procedural document. {note}
−
| Standard | Title |
|----------|-------|
| ASTM D1970/D1970M | Self-Adhering Polymer Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Used as Steep Roofing Underlayment for Ice Dam Protection |
−| ASTM D7832/D7832M | Performance Attributes of Waterproofing Membranes Applied to Below-Grade Walls / Vertical Surfaces Enclosing Interior Spaces |
−| ASTM D5385 | Hydrostatic Pressure Resistance of Waterproofing Membranes |
| ASTM D412 | Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers — Tension |
−| ASTM E96/E96M | Water Vapor Transmission of Materials |
−| ASTM D4541 | Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers |
| ASTM D903 | Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhesive Bonds |
−| International Building Code | Soils and Foundations (Chapter 18) |
+| ASTM D5147/D5147M | Sampling and Testing Modified Bituminous Sheet Material |
+| ASTM D5385/D5385M | Hydrostatic Pressure Resistance of Waterproofing Membranes |
+| ASTM E96/E96M | Gravimetric Determination of Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Materials |
+| ASTM D4263 | Indicating Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method |
+| ASTM F1869 | Measuring Moisture Vapor Emission Rate of Concrete Subfloor Using Anhydrous Calcium Chloride |
+| ASTM F2170 | Determining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor Slabs Using in situ Probes |
+| ASTM D5295/D5295M | Preparation of Concrete Surfaces for Adhered (Bonded) Membrane Waterproofing Systems |
+| ASTM D5957 | Flood Testing Horizontal Waterproofing Installations |
+| ASTM D7877 | Electronic Methods for Detecting and Locating Leaks in Waterproof Membranes |
+| ASTM D6506/D6506M | Asphalt-Based Protection Board for Below-Grade Waterproofing |
+| ASTM D1621 | Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics |
+| ASTM D4716/D4716M | Determining the In-Plane Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head |
+| ICRI 310.2R | Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, Polymer Overlays, and Concrete Repair |
+| ANSI/SPRI VR-1 | Procedure for Investigating Resistance to Root Penetration on Vegetative Green Roofs |
+| NRCA Waterproofing Manual | Construction Details for Plaza, Split-Slab, and Below-Grade Waterproofing |
+| IBC Chapter 15 | International Building Code — Roof Assemblies and Rooftop Structures (Section 1507, Underlayment and Ice Barrier) |
+## ASTM D6135, the former practice for applying self-adhering modified bituminous waterproofing sheet, was withdrawn in 2014 without replacement, so the membrane manufacturer's published installation instructions are the procedural reference this standard cites for the application of the sheet. {note}
+
# Submittals {toc}
−## The Contractor shall submit the following action submittals for review before delivery of any material to the site:
+## Action Submittals {toc}
−- Product data for each membrane, primer, mastic, tape, protection course, and drainage composite, including the manufacturer's physical-property and hydrostatic-head data.
−- A statement of the membrane orientation rating (vertical, horizontal, or both) and the application sequencing (pre-applied or post-applied) for each product proposed.
−- Samples of the membrane, release liner, protection course, and any drainage composite.
−- Shop drawings showing membrane extents, lap layout, termination heights at grade, and details at penetrations, corners, footings, transitions, and changes in plane.
−- Manufacturer's printed installation instructions for each product, marked to identify the governing substrate temperature range, primer, and lap requirements.
−- A written statement from the membrane manufacturer confirming compatibility of the membrane with the specified primer, protection course, drainage composite, insulation, and any adjacent fluid-applied or sheet system.
+### The Contractor shall submit the following for review before any waterproofing material is procured or installed:
+- product data for the membrane, primer, detail tapes and mastics, reinforcing strips, termination bars, sealants, protection course, drainage composite, and root barrier, giving for the membrane the adhesive compound, the carrier, the nominal thickness, the published service temperature range, the minimum application temperature, the published ultraviolet exposure limit, and the substrates and primers it is published for
+- test reports for the membrane for tensile strength and elongation, peel adhesion, low-temperature flexibility, water vapor transmission, and hydrostatic pressure resistance, and conformance to ASTM D1970/D1970M for membrane installed on a roof deck
+- the membrane manufacturer's written statement that the membrane, primer, detail materials, sealants, protection course, drainage composite, root barrier, and any insulation in contact with the membrane are mutually compatible and are compatible with each substrate on the project
+- the membrane manufacturer's written approval of the applicator for the specific system on this project, where the datasheet requires it
+- shop drawings showing the extent of membrane in each area, the sheet layout and lap direction, and project-specific details at every termination, upturn, drain, penetration, expansion joint, construction joint, curb, planter edge, and transition to the wall water-resistive barrier
+- a mock-up plan identifying the location, the size, and the conditions the mock-up will include, where a mock-up is required
+- a watertightness test plan identifying the method for each area, the head and duration or the electronic test parameters, the structural load verification for flooded areas, and the party performing the test
+- sample warranty forms for the manufacturer's warranty and the installer's warranty, in the form proposed for execution
+
```datasheet
−label: Action Submittals
+label: Action Submittal Package
type: checkbox
options:
− - Product data (membrane, primer, mastic, tape, protection, drainage)
− - Orientation and sequencing statement
− - Material samples
− - Shop drawings (extents, laps, terminations, details)
− - Manufacturer installation instructions
− - Compatibility statement
+ - "Membrane and accessory product data"
+ - "Membrane test reports"
+ - "Manufacturer compatibility statement"
+ - "Manufacturer approval of the applicator"
+ - "Shop drawings and project-specific details"
+ - "Mock-up plan"
+ - "Watertightness test plan"
+ - "Sample warranty forms"
default:
− - Product data (membrane, primer, mastic, tape, protection, drainage)
− - Orientation and sequencing statement
− - Shop drawings (extents, laps, terminations, details)
− - Manufacturer installation instructions
− - Compatibility statement
+ - "Membrane and accessory product data"
+ - "Membrane test reports"
+ - "Manufacturer compatibility statement"
+ - "Manufacturer approval of the applicator"
+ - "Shop drawings and project-specific details"
+ - "Watertightness test plan"
+ - "Sample warranty forms"
```
−## The Contractor shall submit the following informational submittals:
+### A reference to the manufacturer's standard details in place of a project-specific detail drawing shall not be accepted at any termination, drain, penetration, or joint.
−- Applicator qualification records demonstrating the experience required under Quality Assurance.
−- Field adhesion and field quality-control test reports as required under Testing.
−- Manufacturer's field report for each site inspection performed by the manufacturer's technical representative.
+### No portion of the waterproofing shall be installed until the submittals covering it have been reviewed and returned.
+## Informational Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following during the course of the work:
+
+- a substrate acceptance report signed by the applicator for each area, recording the substrate age, the moisture verification result, the surface profile, and the defects corrected before primer was applied
+- daily application records for each day on which membrane is applied, recording the air and substrate temperature, the area covered, the material lot numbers, and the primer open time observed
+- the manufacturer field representative's report for each site visit, recording the observations made and any corrective work directed
+- field watertightness and adhesion test reports for each area tested, recording the method, the duration, the result, and the location of any breach found
+- a photographic record of every termination, drain, penetration, corner, and joint detail, taken before the protection course was placed and indexed to the shop drawings
+
```datasheet
−label: Informational Submittals
+label: Informational Submittals Required
type: checkbox
options:
− - Applicator qualifications
− - Field adhesion / quality-control reports
− - Manufacturer field reports
+ - "Substrate acceptance report signed by the applicator"
+ - "Daily application records"
+ - "Manufacturer field representative reports"
+ - "Field watertightness and adhesion test reports"
+ - "Indexed photographic record of detail locations"
default:
− - Applicator qualifications
− - Field adhesion / quality-control reports
+ - "Substrate acceptance report signed by the applicator"
+ - "Daily application records"
+ - "Manufacturer field representative reports"
+ - "Field watertightness and adhesion test reports"
+ - "Indexed photographic record of detail locations"
```
−## The Contractor shall submit the following closeout submittals before final acceptance:
+### The photographic record is the only means by which a detail can be examined after the overburden is placed, and it is the record that decides whether a later leak is investigated as a workmanship defect or as a design condition. {note}
−- Executed manufacturer warranty and applicator workmanship warranty.
−- Record documentation of as-installed membrane type, thickness, and extents, including any deviations from the shop drawings.
−- Maintenance data describing inspection intervals and repair procedures for the installed system.
+## Closeout Submittals {toc}
+### The Contractor shall submit the following before the waterproofing is accepted:
+
+- the manufacturer's written warranty, countersigned by the Contractor and made out to the Owner
+- the installer's written workmanship and watertightness warranty, made out to the Owner
+- a record of every area repaired after testing or inspection, giving the location, the cause, the repair made, and the re-test result
+- record drawings showing the as-installed extent of membrane in each area, every termination, drain, penetration, and joint, and every deviation from the reviewed details
+- a repair procedure for the installed membrane, identifying the materials and the sequence for repairing a breach discovered after the overburden is placed
+
```datasheet
−label: Closeout Submittals
+label: Closeout Submittal Package
type: checkbox
options:
− - Manufacturer and applicator warranties
− - Record documentation of as-installed system
− - Maintenance data
+ - "Manufacturer's warranty, countersigned"
+ - "Installer's workmanship and watertightness warranty"
+ - "Repair record for every repaired area"
+ - "Record drawings"
+ - "Membrane repair procedure"
default:
− - Manufacturer and applicator warranties
− - Record documentation of as-installed system
− - Maintenance data
+ - "Manufacturer's warranty, countersigned"
+ - "Installer's workmanship and watertightness warranty"
+ - "Repair record for every repaired area"
+ - "Record drawings"
+ - "Membrane repair procedure"
```
# Quality Assurance {toc}
−## The membrane manufacturer shall be a single firm regularly engaged in the production of self-adhering sheet waterproofing, and all primary components — membrane, primer, mastic, tape, and protection course — shall be supplied or approved in writing by that manufacturer as a compatible system.
+## Installer Qualifications {toc}
−## The applicator shall have completed at least three projects of comparable scope and substrate within the previous five years using the specified product family.
+### The applicator's manufacturer approval shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## The applicator shall be approved in writing by the membrane manufacturer where the warranty requires an approved applicator.
+```datasheet
+label: Applicator Manufacturer Approval
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Required"
+ - "Not required"
+default: "Required"
+```
−## Single-source responsibility prevents the common field failure in which a membrane from one manufacturer is paired with an off-brand primer or mastic; many adhesion and compatibility failures originate at that mismatched interface rather than in the membrane itself. {note}
+### The applicator shall have completed self-adhered sheet waterproofing work of comparable configuration and area for not less than the period indicated in the datasheet.
−## A pre-installation conference shall be held at the site before the start of work, attended by the Contractor, the applicator, the membrane manufacturer's technical representative, and the trades responsible for adjacent and overlapping work.
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum Applicator Experience
+type: range
+unit: 'years'
+min: 0
+max: 20
+setpoints: [0, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20]
+```
−### The conference shall confirm substrate readiness criteria, the required substrate cure and moisture condition, the membrane temperature window, and the lap and termination details.
+### A single supervisor employed by the applicator shall be present on site whenever primer, membrane, or detail materials are being applied.
−### The conference shall confirm the sequencing of protection course and backfill, and the schedule for any required manufacturer field inspections.
+### Thickness is set in the factory, so the field variables are adhesion, lap integrity, and detail execution, all of which are concealed once the protection course is placed; the applicator's approval and experience are required in place of the thickness verification regime a field-built membrane needs. {note}
−## A mock-up shall be installed where the Contract Documents require one, of sufficient area to demonstrate substrate preparation, priming, lapping, and termination, and shall be reviewed and approved before full-scale work proceeds.
+## Manufacturer Field Representation {toc}
−# Environmental and Service Conditions {toc}
+### The membrane manufacturer's field representative shall make not less than the number of site visits indicated in the datasheet.
−## Self-adhering membranes are temperature-sensitive at installation: the pressure-sensitive adhesive must be warm enough to wet out and grab the substrate, and standard bituminous products lose tack below roughly 40°F (4°C). Specifying a winter or shoulder-season project on a standard product without a cold-weather formulation or substrate heating is a predictable installation failure. {note}
+```datasheet
+label: Manufacturer Field Representative Minimum Site Visits
+type: range
+unit: 'visits'
+min: 0
+max: 12
+setpoints: [0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12]
+```
−## The membrane shall be installed only when the substrate surface temperature is at or above the manufacturer's minimum, and at or above the value selected below.
+### Where one or more site visits are indicated, one visit shall occur on the first day of membrane application.
+### The manufacturer's field representative shall have no authority to waive a requirement of the Contract Documents, and any deviation the representative recommends shall be submitted to the Engineer of Record for written direction before it is executed.
+
+## Pre-Installation Conference {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall convene a pre-installation conference on site before substrate preparation for waterproofing begins.
+
+### The conference shall be attended by the Contractor, the applicator, the concrete or framing subcontractor whose work forms the substrate, the trades whose work penetrates or bears on the membrane, the wall barrier installer, the membrane manufacturer's field representative where site visits are indicated, and the Engineer of Record.
+
+### The conference shall review the substrate acceptance criteria, the primer and temperature limits, the sequence of detailing relative to the field membrane, the lap and termination details, the protection and drainage sequence, the exposure limit, and the watertightness test plan.
+
+### Responsibility for the transition between the deck membrane and the wall water-resistive barrier shall be assigned to a single trade at the conference and recorded in the minutes.
+
+### The Contractor shall record the conference in written minutes distributed to every attendee within 5 business days, stating each unresolved item and the party responsible for resolving it.
+
+### The membrane is applied by one trade across a substrate built by another, turned up against a wall barrier installed by a third, and penetrated by several more, and each of those interfaces is a location at which no single trade owns the result unless the conference assigns it. {note}
+
+## Field Mock-Up {toc}
+
+### Whether a field mock-up is required shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Minimum substrate temperature at installation
+label: Field Mock-Up
type: radio
−unit: °F
options:
− - "40 (standard SBS / composite products)"
− - "25 (cold-weather formulation)"
− - "0 (specialty low-temperature formulation)"
−default: "40 (standard SBS / composite products)"
+ - "No mock-up required"
+ - "Mock-up required before production application"
+ - "Mock-up required and retained as part of the finished work"
```
−## The substrate surface temperature shall not exceed 120°F (49°C) at the time of membrane application, because excessive heat softens the adhesive and can cause flow, slippage at laps, and bleed-out on vertical work.
+### A mock-up fixes the primer open time, the rolling pressure, the lap treatment, and the detail sequence before they are replicated across the deck, and it is the standard a production area is judged against; a retained mock-up saves the cost of removal where its location is part of the finished installation, and a separate mock-up is used where the production sequence does not allow a representative area to be built first. {note}
−## The service temperature range, frost depth, and water-table conditions establish whether the assembly must be a waterproofing grade rather than a dampproofing grade. {note}
+### Where a mock-up is required, its area shall be not less than the value indicated in the datasheet.
−### Under IBC Chapter 18, waterproofing — not dampproofing — is required wherever a hydrostatic condition exists, which the code characterizes as a high water table or other conditions creating hydrostatic pressure against the structure. {note}
+```datasheet
+label: Mock-Up Area
+type: range
+unit: 'sq ft'
+min: 25
+max: 400
+setpoints: [25, 50, 100, 200, 400]
+```
−### Where the ground-water table can rise within 6 in. (150 mm) of the bottom of the lowest floor, or the floor is below grade in soil that is not well drained, a waterproofing membrane to this standard shall be provided.
+### The mock-up shall include an inside corner, an outside corner, a horizontal-to-vertical transition, a drain or penetration, a vertical termination, and a T-joint in the field laps.
−## The design hydrostatic head against the membrane shall be established by the Engineer of Record, and the selected membrane shall have a hydrostatic-pressure resistance per ASTM D5385 not less than that head.
+### The mock-up shall be reviewed by the Engineer of Record and, where site visits are indicated, by the manufacturer's field representative, and shall be accepted in writing before production application proceeds.
+### Where the datasheet indicates the mock-up is retained, it shall be integrated into the completed work and shall carry the same warranty as the surrounding membrane.
+
+## Inspection Before Concealment {toc}
+
+### The installed membrane shall remain available for inspection and watertightness testing until those have been completed and recorded, and shall not be concealed by protection course, drainage composite, insulation, wearing slab, mortar bed, pavers, soil, or roof covering before then.
+
+### The Contractor shall schedule each inspection and test, and the inspection by the Authority Having Jurisdiction where one is required, before any concealing work proceeds.
+
+### Concealing the membrane before it is tested converts a repair made with a patch into a repair made with a demolition crew. {note}
+
+# Deck Configuration and Hydrostatic Exposure {toc}
+
+## Each waterproofed deck area is configured by the overburden that bears on the membrane: a topping or wearing slab, pavers on pedestals or in a setting bed, insulation in a protected membrane assembly, soil and planting, or a mortar bed in an interior wet area; the configuration sets the protection course, the drainage layer, the upturn height, and the drain type at each area. {note}
+
+## The membrane shall not be exposed as a trafficked or weathered surface in service.
+
+## A deck that is to receive an exposed, traffic-bearing membrane takes a fluid-applied system with an integral wearing surface, specified under [[sync/fluid-applied-waterproofing]]. {note}
+
+## The membrane shall resist, when tested to ASTM D5385/D5385M, a hydrostatic head not less than the value indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Design hydrostatic head (membrane rating, minimum)
+label: Minimum Hydrostatic Head Resistance (ASTM D5385)
type: range
−unit: ft
+unit: 'ft'
+derived: "the depth of water that the deepest planter, retained-water area, or overburden on the project can impound above the membrane with its drain blocked"
min: 0
−max: 50
−step: 5
−default: 10
+max: 250
+setpoints: [0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250]
+default: derived
```
+## A deck that drains freely sees water only in transit; a planter that retains irrigation water, a split slab whose drain is blocked by overburden, or a wet-area bed holding a leak against the membrane sees standing water for days. The drainage layer relieves that head between storms, and the membrane rating covers the days the drainage layer cannot. {note}
+
+## The membrane's published low-temperature flexibility shall be at or below [[parameter: site-ambient-temperature-minimum]].
+
# Membrane Selection {toc}
−## Membrane chemistry, orientation rating, application sequencing, and thickness are the four selections that determine the assembly; the notes and datasheets below take them in that order. {note}
+## Adhesive Compound and Carrier {toc}
−## Membrane chemistry sets flexibility, temperature range, and compatibility with adjacent materials. {note}
+### The membrane adhesive compound and carrier shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−### SBS polymer-modified bituminous sheet is the general-purpose choice: high elongation (typically 200–400% per ASTM D412), good self-healing around fasteners, and broad availability, but it is incompatible with expanded polystyrene and with some solvent-borne primers and must be primed on concrete and masonry. {note}
+```datasheet
+label: Membrane Adhesive Compound and Carrier
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Rubberized asphalt compound on a polyethylene film carrier"
+ - "Reinforced SBS-modified bitumen sheet with a self-adhesive underside"
+ - "Butyl rubber compound on a polymer film carrier"
+ - "Non-bituminous synthetic adhesive on a thermoplastic or polyester carrier"
+```
−### HDPE or polypropylene composite sheet carries higher tensile strength with lower elongation and is the basis of most pre-applied (blind-side) products, where its film face bonds mechanically and chemically to concrete cast against it. {note}
+### Rubberized asphalt on a polyethylene film is the general-purpose deck membrane: high elongation, self-sealing around minor punctures, and the widest range of published details and compatible accessories, with a service temperature ceiling that keeps it out from beneath dark metal and a compound that softens polystyrene and some sealants on contact. {note}
−### EPDM-based and other elastomeric sheets are used where extreme low-temperature flexibility or specific chemical exposure governs. {note}
+### A reinforced SBS sheet carries a polyester or glass reinforcement that raises tensile and puncture strength and permits a two-ply build, at a greater thickness and roll weight and with laps that need heat or a lap adhesive on some products. {note}
−### The membrane chemistry shall be specified, selected for the temperature exposure and chemical resistance the installation is subject to.
+### Butyl rubber holds its bond at the surface temperatures reached beneath metal and dark coverings, stays flexible at low temperature, and does not attack polystyrene, at a higher material cost and with fewer published deck details. {note}
+### A non-bituminous synthetic sheet keeps bitumen out of contact with plasticized or solvent-sensitive materials and resists some chemical exposures a bituminous compound does not, and it depends on a primer and a detail system specific to its adhesive chemistry. {note}
+
+### All membrane, primer, detail materials, protection course, and accessories shall come from a single membrane manufacturer's published system or shall be confirmed in writing by that manufacturer as compatible with its membrane.
+
+## Service Temperature Rating {toc}
+
+### The service temperature rating of the membrane shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Membrane chemistry
+label: Membrane Service Temperature Rating
type: radio
options:
− - SBS polymer-modified bituminous sheet
− - HDPE / polypropylene composite sheet
− - EPDM / elastomeric sheet
−default: SBS polymer-modified bituminous sheet
+ - "Standard service temperature rating"
+ - "High-temperature service rating"
```
−## Some products are rated for one orientation only; a vertical-rated product used on a ponding horizontal deck, or a wall product specified where deck-grade lap integrity is needed, is a frequent specification error. {note}
+### Where the membrane is installed beneath metal, slate, or a dark covering for which the membrane manufacturer publishes a surface temperature limit, or where the published service temperature of the standard product is below the surface temperature the overburden produces, the high-temperature rating shall be used.
−## The membrane shall be rated by the manufacturer for the orientation in which it is installed.
+### Compound that flows under the heat of the overburden migrates at the laps and bleeds at the terminations, and the loss shows at the first hot season rather than at installation. {note}
+## Thickness and Ply Count {toc}
+
+### The nominal thickness of the membrane, measured through all plies where more than one is indicated, shall be not less than the value indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Application orientation
+label: Membrane Nominal Thickness
+type: range
+unit: 'mil'
+min: 40
+max: 180
+setpoints: [40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 180]
+```
+
+### Thickness is a puncture and abuse decision before it is a hydrostatic one: the membrane takes reinforcing chairs, pedestal feet, wheelbarrow traffic, and the placement of the wearing slab before it is loaded by water, and the damage concentrates in that window. A thicker sheet buys puncture resistance and lap body at the cost of conformability at corners and a heavier roll to position, so the traffic and overburden on each deck set the thickness. {note}
+
+### Where the membrane manufacturer publishes a minimum thickness for the indicated hydrostatic head that is greater than the datasheet value, the published minimum shall govern.
+
+### The number of membrane plies shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Number of Membrane Plies
+type: range
+unit: 'plies'
+min: 1
+max: 2
+setpoints: [1, 2]
+default: 1
+```
+
+## Membrane Physical Properties {toc}
+
+### Tensile strength and elongation shall be reported to ASTM D412 for film-carrier membranes and to ASTM D5147/D5147M for reinforced SBS sheet, and shall meet or exceed the values the manufacturer publishes for the product.
+
+### Peel adhesion of the membrane to primed concrete shall be reported to ASTM D903 and shall be not less than the value indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum Peel Adhesion to Primed Concrete (ASTM D903)
+type: range
+unit: 'lbf/in'
+min: 2
+max: 15
+step: 1
+```
+
+### Water vapor transmission shall be reported to ASTM E96/E96M for each membrane installed where the assembly design relies on the membrane as a vapor retarder.
+
+### A self-adhered sheet is a vapor retarder in nearly every case; a full-coverage membrane over a roof deck or on the warm side of insulation changes where the assembly can dry, and the assembly is designed around that rather than discovering it. {note}
+
+# Primer and Detail Materials {toc}
+
+## Primer application shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Primer Application
type: radio
options:
− - Vertical (below-grade and foundation walls)
− - Horizontal (deck soffits, plaza and split-slab decks)
− - Both orientations rated
−default: Vertical (below-grade and foundation walls)
+ - "Primer applied over the full substrate receiving membrane"
+ - "Primer at laps, terminations, and detail areas"
+ - "No primer"
+default: manufacturer
```
−## Pre-applied (blind-side) membrane is installed against the formwork or soil-retention face before concrete is placed, so the concrete is cast directly against it and the cured concrete bonds to the membrane; post-applied membrane is installed onto cured concrete after the forms are stripped. The choice is driven by access: where excavation or lagging will leave no room to install and inspect a membrane from outside after the wall is poured, a pre-applied system is the only correct answer, and substituting a post-applied product there is a defining pitfall of this section. {note}
+## Where the datasheet leaves primer application to the manufacturer's published practice, primer shall be applied wherever the membrane manufacturer's published substrate and primer schedule requires it for the selected membrane on the substrate present, and the Contractor shall submit that schedule with the product data.
−## Where access to the outside face of a below-grade wall will not exist after the wall is constructed, a pre-applied (blind-side) membrane shall be specified.
+## Full priming is the published condition for a bituminous compound on concrete and masonry, where dust and laitance defeat the bond; priming at laps and details alone is the published condition for some products on clean wood or gypsum sheathing, where the compound grips the panel face but the film face at a lap needs a primer to take the next sheet; no primer is published for membranes whose compound is formulated to bond to the sheathing panel without one. Each condition is the manufacturer's for a specific membrane on a specific substrate and does not carry across products. {note}
+## Primer shall be the product the membrane manufacturer publishes for the selected membrane and substrate, applied at the published rate.
+
+## Primed area shall be covered with membrane within the primer's published open time, and primed area not covered within that time shall be re-primed before membrane is applied.
+
+## Primer shall not be applied where the substrate or air temperature will fall below the primer's published minimum application temperature before the primer has dried.
+
+## Detail mastic, lap sealant, reinforcing strips, termination bars, and preformed corners and boots shall be the products the membrane manufacturer publishes for the selected membrane.
+
+# Substrate Preparation {toc}
+
+## Concrete Substrates {toc}
+
+### Concrete surfaces receiving membrane shall be prepared in accordance with ASTM D5295/D5295M.
+
+### The minimum age of the concrete substrate before membrane application shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Application sequencing
−type: radio
+label: Minimum Concrete Age Before Membrane
+type: range
+unit: 'days'
+min: 3
+max: 28
+setpoints: [3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28]
+default: 7
+```
+
+### Where the membrane manufacturer publishes a minimum substrate age for the specific product that is longer than the datasheet value, the longer period shall govern.
+
+### A membrane applied to green concrete bonds to a surface that is still releasing moisture, and that moisture drives blisters under the film once the sun warms the sheet; products published for green concrete carry a shorter minimum, which is why the datasheet value can be set lower where one is selected. {note}
+
+### Substrate moisture shall be verified by the method indicated in the datasheet, and not by visual inspection alone.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Substrate Moisture Verification Method
+type: checkbox
options:
− - Post-applied (membrane onto cured concrete)
− - Pre-applied / blind-side (concrete cast against membrane)
−default: Post-applied (membrane onto cured concrete)
+ - "Plastic sheet method to ASTM D4263"
+ - "In situ relative humidity probe to ASTM F2170"
+ - "Anhydrous calcium chloride to ASTM F1869"
+ - "Electronic moisture meter per the membrane manufacturer's procedure"
```
−## Total membrane thickness is selected from hydrostatic head, traffic or topping load on horizontal work, and substrate roughness. The usual thickness for a below-grade vertical wall is 60 mil; 40 mil is the floor for protected vertical work, and 80 mil is reserved for heavy-traffic deck and split-slab service. {note}
+### Where the datasheet selects no moisture verification method, the plastic sheet method to ASTM D4263 shall be used, and membrane shall not be applied where condensation is present beneath the sheet or where the concrete beneath it has darkened.
−## The total membrane thickness shall be specified, sized to the hydrostatic head, traffic or topping load, and substrate condition of the installation.
+### The moisture limit for the selected method shall be the limit the membrane manufacturer publishes for the product.
+### The concrete surface profile shall not exceed the maximum indicated in the datasheet, evaluated against the ICRI 310.2R replica profiles.
+
```datasheet
−label: Total membrane thickness
+label: Maximum Concrete Surface Profile (ICRI 310.2R CSP)
+type: range
+unit: 'CSP'
+min: 1
+max: 5
+setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+```
+
+### A sheet needs a surface smooth enough to make continuous contact under roller pressure: a steel-trowel or light-broom finish bonds across the whole face, while a coarse broom or scarified surface leaves the sheet bridging between ridges with unbonded channels beneath it. A fluid-applied membrane wants the texture a sheet cannot tolerate, which is why the two are not prepared the same way. {note}
+
+### Form-tie holes, bug holes, honeycomb, spalls, and voids shall be filled flush with a cementitious repair material compatible with the membrane and cured before membrane is applied.
+
+### Fins, ridges, form offsets, and projections shall be ground flush with the surrounding surface.
+
+### Laitance, dust, oil, form release agents, and any other bond-breaking contaminant shall be removed from surfaces receiving membrane.
+
+### A curing compound on the substrate shall be of a type the membrane manufacturer accepts in writing, or shall be removed by mechanical preparation.
+
+### A curing compound is applied by one trade to protect the concrete and removed by another to let the membrane bond, and the removal is the step that is skipped when the two trades do not meet; it is a standing item for the pre-installation conference. {note}
+
+## Wood and Gypsum Sheathing Substrates {toc}
+
+### Wood structural panel sheathing receiving membrane shall comply with [[sync/wood-sheathing]] and shall be fastened flush, with no protruding fastener heads, and dry, clean, and free of frost, dust, and loose fibers at the time of application.
+
+### Gaps between sheathing panels wider than 1/4 in. shall be bridged with a reinforcing strip of membrane before the field membrane is applied.
+
+### Gypsum sheathing receiving membrane shall be sound and dry, with facer tears, exposed core, and damaged edges repaired or the panel replaced before membrane is applied.
+
+### A sheathing panel that has taken rain and swollen presents a raised edge the sheet cannot bond across, and a protruding fastener head is a puncture waiting for the first load above it. {note}
+
+## Substrate Acceptance {toc}
+
+### The applicator shall inspect and accept the prepared substrate in writing before membrane application begins, and shall not apply membrane over a substrate the applicator has not accepted.
+
+### Where the applicator and the Contractor disagree whether a prepared substrate is acceptable, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.
+
+# Application Conditions {toc}
+
+## The minimum air and substrate temperature at which primer and membrane may be applied shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum Air and Substrate Temperature at Application
+type: range
+unit: '°F'
+min: 0
+max: 60
+setpoints: [0, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 60]
+```
+
+## Where the datasheet leaves the minimum temperature unselected, the minimum shall be the value the membrane manufacturer publishes for the selected membrane.
+
+## The membrane formulation supplied shall be one the manufacturer publishes for application at the datasheet minimum temperature.
+
+## A standard rubberized asphalt compound stiffens and stops wetting out the substrate below roughly 40°F, and the sheet then lies on the surface in contact without being bonded; low-temperature formulations carry a softer compound published to 25°F or lower, and butyl and some synthetic adhesives are published below freezing, which is why the minimum belongs to the product rather than to the calendar. {note}
+
+## Primer and membrane shall not be applied when the air or substrate temperature is above the maximum the membrane manufacturer publishes for the product.
+
+## Membrane shall not be applied during precipitation, or onto a substrate carrying frost, ice, dew, standing water, or visible moisture.
+
+## Where the ambient temperature is below the membrane's published minimum application temperature, rolls shall be conditioned in heated storage for the period the manufacturer publishes before deployment and shall be returned to heated storage at the end of each work period.
+
+## The membrane shall be covered by its protection course or roof covering within the number of days after application indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Maximum Membrane Exposure Before Cover
+type: range
+unit: 'days'
+min: 0
+max: 90
+setpoints: [0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90]
+```
+
+## Where the membrane manufacturer publishes a shorter exposure limit for the selected membrane, the shorter limit shall govern.
+
+## The film face is not formulated for sunlight: ultraviolet exposure embrittles the carrier, heat lifts the laps and bleeds compound at the edges, and a membrane left open through a season looks sound and is not. {note}
+
+# Membrane Installation {toc}
+
+## Sheet Layout and Rolling {toc}
+
+### The membrane shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's printed installation instructions for the selected membrane, substrate, and application.
+
+### Detail strips, corners, and penetration reinforcement shall be installed before the field membrane so that the field sheets lap over completed details.
+
+### Sheets shall be laid starting at the low point of each area and lapped so that each sheet laps over the sheet below it in the direction of drainage, in shingle fashion.
+
+### The release liner shall be removed progressively as the sheet is positioned, and the sheet shall be pressed to the substrate from the center outward to exclude air.
+
+### Every sheet, including its laps, shall be rolled with a weighted roller over its full area immediately after it is positioned.
+
+### Self-adhered sheet develops its bond under pressure, not under contact: a sheet placed by hand and not rolled is in contact with the substrate and is not adhered to it, and the finished surface does not show the difference. {note}
+
+### Sheets shall be cut to lengths that can be positioned and rolled without folding back on themselves, and a sheet that has adhered to itself shall be discarded rather than pulled apart and reused.
+
+## Laps {toc}
+
+### The minimum side lap between adjacent sheets shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum Side Lap
+type: range
+unit: 'in'
+min: 2
+max: 6
+setpoints: [2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6]
+```
+
+### The minimum end lap between successive sheets shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum End Lap
+type: range
+unit: 'in'
+min: 2
+max: 12
+setpoints: [2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 12]
+```
+
+### Where the datasheet leaves a lap unselected, or where the membrane manufacturer publishes a greater lap for the selected membrane, the published lap shall govern.
+
+### End laps in adjacent sheets shall be staggered by not less than 12 in.
+
+### Every lap edge shall be rolled with a hand roller after the sheet is rolled, and where the manufacturer's system includes an edge treatment, the exposed lap edge shall be sealed with the manufacturer's mastic or lap sealant.
+
+### T-joints, where an end lap crosses a side lap, shall be rolled and sealed with detail mastic, or covered with a reinforcing strip where the manufacturer publishes one.
+
+### The T-joint stacks three sheet edges and leaves a capillary channel at the step where the upper sheet rides over the lower lap, which is the one place in the field of a self-adhered membrane where water reaches the substrate without a puncture. {note}
+
+### Fishmouths, wrinkles, and blisters shall be slit, pressed flat, and covered with a patch of the same membrane extending not less than 6 in. beyond the slit in every direction.
+
+## Two-Ply Application {toc}
+
+### Where two plies are indicated, the second ply shall be applied over the first within the first ply's exposure limit, with its laps offset from those of the first ply by not less than half a sheet width, and shall be rolled over its full area.
+
+### The second ply shall be applied only after the first ply has been inspected and every defect in it repaired.
+
+### A second ply buys a membrane whose laps are never in line with a lap below, so a lap defect in either ply faces solid sheet; it costs a second application pass and doubles the material, and it is the configuration the reinforced SBS products publish their deck warranties on. {note}
+
+# Detailing {toc}
+
+## Corners and Changes of Plane {toc}
+
+### The inside corner treatment beneath the membrane shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Inside Corner Treatment
type: radio
−unit: mil
options:
− - "40 (protected below-grade walls)"
− - "60 (below-grade and standard horizontal deck)"
− - "80 (heavy-traffic or split-slab)"
−default: "60 (below-grade and standard horizontal deck)"
+ - "Cementitious cant fillet"
+ - "Membrane reinforcing strip centered on the corner"
+ - "Liquid-applied detail bead with reinforcing fabric"
+default: manufacturer
```
−## Physical-property minimums shall be met by the supplied membrane and verified against the manufacturer's published data.
+### Where the datasheet leaves the inside corner treatment to the manufacturer's published practice, the membrane manufacturer's published corner detail for the product supplied shall govern, and the Contractor shall submit that detail with the shop drawings.
+### A cant fillet gives the sheet a gradual change of plane so that it stays in contact at the vertex; a reinforcing strip holds the corner with membrane alone where a fillet would not cure before the membrane is due; a liquid detail bead with fabric fills an irregular corner the sheet cannot follow and suits the synthetic systems whose manufacturers publish a liquid detail component. {note}
+
+### Outside corners shall be eased to a radius or chamfer and reinforced with a strip of membrane extending not less than 6 in. onto each face before the field membrane is applied.
+
+### Every change of plane shall receive a reinforcing strip centered on the change before the field membrane is applied.
+
+## Upturns and Terminations {toc}
+
+### At a deck, the membrane shall be turned up at every wall, curb, column, and upstand to not less than the height above the finished wearing surface indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Membrane physical-property minimums
−type: checkbox
+label: Membrane Upturn Height Above the Finished Wearing Surface
+type: range
+unit: 'in'
+drawing_ref: "the wall sections and waterproofing details"
+min: 2
+max: 12
+setpoints: [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12]
+default: deferred
+```
+
+### A higher upturn keeps splash, ponded water, and drifted snow above the finished surface from bypassing the membrane; a lower one is used where the finished surface sits close to a door sill or where the wall finish above cannot accept the membrane. {note}
+
+### Vertical terminations shall be made by the method indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Vertical Termination Method
+type: select
+drawing_ref: "the termination details"
options:
− - "Elongation at break per ASTM D412, ≥ 200% (SBS bituminous)"
− - "Hydrostatic resistance per ASTM D5385 ≥ design head"
− - "Peel adhesion to concrete per ASTM D903 ≥ 1.0 lb/in."
− - "Low-temperature flexibility verified for installation window"
−default:
− - "Elongation at break per ASTM D412, ≥ 200% (SBS bituminous)"
− - "Hydrostatic resistance per ASTM D5385 ≥ design head"
− - "Peel adhesion to concrete per ASTM D903 ≥ 1.0 lb/in."
+ - "Termination bar, mechanically fastened and sealed at the top edge"
+ - "Reglet or saw cut, membrane embedded and sealed"
+ - "Counterflashing reglet, membrane lapped behind metal counterflashing"
+ - "Membrane carried over the top of the wall or curb"
+ - "Lapped beneath the wall water-resistive barrier"
+default: deferred
```
−# Substrate Preparation and Priming {toc}
+### A termination bar restrains the edge on any substrate and leaves a sealed top edge exposed to weather; a reglet or saw cut hides the edge in the substrate and depends on the sealant in the cut; a counterflashing reglet puts metal over the edge and is the detail where the wall above is masonry; carrying the membrane over a curb removes the edge from the vertical face altogether; lapping beneath the wall barrier is the termination where the wall above is sheathed and the barrier can shingle over the membrane. {note}
−## The substrate is the foundation of a fully-bonded membrane: a self-adhering sheet bridges voids it cannot fill, so surface irregularity, dust, laitance, and moisture all defeat the bond before the membrane is even down. {note}
+### Every termination shall be mechanically secured or embedded so that the edge cannot peel back, and sealed so that water cannot enter behind the edge.
−## Concrete substrates shall be cured before a post-applied membrane is installed.
+### Where the membrane turns onto a wall sheathed in wood structural panels or gypsum sheathing, the membrane shall be carried up the sheathing to the upturn height, and the wall water-resistive barrier specified in [[sync/air-barriers]] shall lap over the top edge of the membrane in shingle fashion.
−### Concrete shall have cured a minimum of 7 days; a 28-day cure is preferred where the schedule allows, because green concrete continues to release moisture that can interfere with adhesion.
+### A deck membrane that laps over the wall barrier instead of under it turns its top edge into a seam facing the flow, and every drop running down the wall is delivered behind the membrane. {note}
−### The substrate shall be surface-dry with no standing water, frost, or visible moisture film at the time of priming and membrane application.
+## Drains {toc}
−## Surfaces shall be clean, sound, and free of dust, dirt, laitance, oil, form-release agents, curing compounds incompatible with the membrane, and loose or projecting material.
+### Deck drains shall be of the type indicated in the datasheet.
−## Voids, honeycomb, tie holes, and surface irregularities greater than the manufacturer's tolerance shall be filled and made flush before membrane application.
+```datasheet
+label: Deck Drain Type
+type: select
+drawing_ref: "the plumbing drawings"
+options:
+ - "Clamping-ring drain with the membrane clamped in the drain body"
+ - "Flange drain with the membrane bonded and reinforced onto the flange"
+ - "Two-level drain with a clamping ring at the membrane and a grate at the wearing surface"
+default: deferred
+```
−## Rough or open-textured masonry, including coarse CMU, shall receive a parge coat or a primer-fill before the membrane, so the membrane adheres to a continuous surface rather than bridging the mortar joints and block texture. Without this step the membrane spans the irregularities and water tracks behind it at the surface profile.
+### A clamping ring makes the seal mechanically within the drain body and is the detail most membrane manufacturers warrant; a flange drain depends on the bond of the membrane to the flange and suits a thin deck where a clamping body does not fit; a two-level drain collects at the wearing surface and at the membrane plane, which a split-slab or paver assembly needs because water reaching the membrane otherwise has nowhere to go. {note}
−## A primer compatible with the membrane shall be applied to concrete and masonry substrates wherever the manufacturer requires one, which for self-adhering bituminous products on those substrates is nearly always.
+### The membrane shall be carried into the drain bowl and clamped beneath the clamping ring, or bonded and reinforced onto the flange, so that the seal is made within the drain and not at its rim.
−### Most adhesion failures and field RFIs on self-adhering work trace to an omitted or wrong primer; the membrane line item must always carry its matching primer rather than treating priming as optional.
+### The drain body, its clamping ring, and the storm piping it discharges to are furnished under [[sync/roof-drainage]]; this standard governs the membrane's termination at the drain. {note}
−### The primer shall be allowed to dry to the manufacturer's tack condition before the membrane is applied — typically 30 to 60 minutes at 70°F (21°C) — and the membrane shall be installed within the primer's stated open time, generally not more than 1 to 4 hours, before dust or contamination compromises the bond.
+### Drain locations shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the plumbing drawings]].
+## Penetrations {toc}
+
+### The seal at pipe, conduit, and sleeve penetrations shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Primer requirement
+label: Pipe and Conduit Penetration Seal
type: radio
options:
− - Manufacturer's standard primer on all concrete and masonry
− - Primer at terminations, laps, and transitions only (per manufacturer)
− - No primer (pre-applied or self-priming product only)
−default: Manufacturer's standard primer on all concrete and masonry
+ - "Membrane target sheet and collar with a stainless steel draw band and sealant"
+ - "Preformed penetration boot bonded to the field membrane"
+ - "Cast-in sleeve with a mechanical link seal"
+ - "Liquid-applied detail membrane with reinforcing fabric"
```
−# Membrane Installation {toc}
+### A target sheet and collar is made from the membrane itself and fits any diameter, at the cost of a hand-formed joint around the pipe; a preformed boot gives a factory-made seal for the pipe sizes the manufacturer stocks; a cast-in sleeve with a link seal moves the seal into the concrete and suits a penetration that must be watertight under head; a liquid detail membrane with fabric closes a cluster or an irregular shape that no sheet detail fits. {note}
−## The membrane shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's printed installation instructions, which are the governing procedural document in the absence of a current ASTM application practice.
+### Penetrations shall be grouped and spaced so that the clear distance between adjacent penetrations, and between a penetration and a corner, curb, or joint, is not less than the distance required to install the selected seal on all sides.
−## Detailing precedes field sheets: inside and outside corners, penetrations, footing-to-wall transitions, and changes in plane shall receive reinforcing membrane strips, prefabricated corners, or detail mastic before the field membrane is applied.
+### Where a penetration moves relative to the structure, the seal shall be a flexible detail that accommodates the movement without tearing the membrane.
−## The membrane shall be applied with firm pressure over its full area.
+### Penetrations through a waterproofed concrete deck shall be cast into the concrete rather than core drilled after the membrane is in place.
−## The membrane shall be rolled with a roller of the manufacturer's specified weight to wet out the adhesive and eliminate voids, fishmouths, and air pockets.
+### Where a penetration must be core drilled after the membrane is in place, the Contractor shall submit the proposed detail for the Engineer of Record's review before drilling, and the membrane shall be reinstated in accordance with the reviewed detail.
−## On vertical work the membrane shall be installed from the low point upward so that each upper course laps over the course below in shingle fashion, shedding water over rather than into the lap.
+## Cracks and Joints {toc}
−## Lap dimensions shall meet the following minimums, and all laps shall be rolled. {note}
+### Substrate cracks wider than the width indicated in the datasheet shall be covered with a reinforcing strip of membrane centered on the crack and extending not less than 6 in. on each side before the field membrane is applied.
−### Side laps shall be a minimum of 3 in. (75 mm).
+```datasheet
+label: Crack Width Requiring Treatment
+type: range
+unit: 'in'
+min: 0.016
+max: 0.125
+setpoints: [0.016, 0.031, 0.0625, 0.125]
+default: 0.0625
+```
−### End laps shall be a minimum of 6 in. (150 mm).
+### Construction joints and control joints shall be covered with a reinforcing strip centered on the joint before the field membrane is applied.
−### T-joints, where an end lap meets a side lap, shall be dressed with the manufacturer's detail mastic, because three layers of release-edge geometry are the most leak-prone point in any self-adhering field.
+### Cracks and joints expected to move shall be detailed with a bond-breaker tape beneath the reinforcing strip, so that the strain spreads across the unbonded width rather than concentrating at the crack.
+### Whether a crack is moving or static shall be determined by the Engineer of Record where the drawings do not indicate it.
+
+### Expansion joints in the structure shall be carried through the waterproofing with a movement detail designed for the joint, coordinated with [[sync/expansion-joints]] and [[sync/joint-sealants]], and shall not be bridged by field membrane alone.
+
+### The design movement at each expansion joint shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the structural drawings]].
+
+### A sheet bonded tightly across a moving crack with no bond-breaker splits at the crack on the first thermal cycle, because the whole strain of the opening is taken by the compound at one line. {note}
+
+# Protection Course {toc}
+
+## A protection course shall be installed over every membrane before any drainage composite, insulation, wearing slab, mortar bed, pavers, soil, or construction traffic is placed on it.
+
+## The protection course type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Minimum lap dimensions
−type: checkbox
+label: Protection Course Type
+type: select
options:
− - "Side laps ≥ 3 in. (75 mm), rolled"
− - "End laps ≥ 6 in. (150 mm), rolled"
− - "T-joints sealed with detail mastic"
−default:
− - "Side laps ≥ 3 in. (75 mm), rolled"
− - "End laps ≥ 6 in. (150 mm), rolled"
− - "T-joints sealed with detail mastic"
+ - "Semi-rigid asphaltic protection board"
+ - "Extruded polystyrene insulation serving as protection"
+ - "Cementitious protection board"
+ - "Prefabricated drainage composite with an integral protective facing"
+ - "Polymer protection sheet published by the membrane manufacturer"
```
−## The membrane shall terminate above final grade at a reglet or with a termination bar and shall be sealed with the manufacturer's termination sealant.
+## An asphaltic board is the general protection layer over a bituminous sheet and bonds to it; insulation doubles as protection in a protected membrane assembly; a cementitious board is used where the overburden is placed with equipment that would crush a softer board; a composite with a protective facing combines the protection and drainage layers where the overburden load allows; and a polymer sheet is the thin protection a manufacturer publishes for a wet-area bed or a balcony where board thickness cannot be accommodated. {note}
−### The final finish-grade elevation shall be confirmed before the membrane is terminated; a termination set below finish grade is buried, loses its mechanical and sealant closure, and admits water at the top of the system.
+## Where a protection board is indicated, its thickness shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−### The membrane termination height is established on the drawings relative to confirmed finish grade. [[drawing: wall section, membrane termination height]]
+```datasheet
+label: Protection Board Thickness
+type: range
+unit: 'in'
+min: 0.0625
+max: 0.5
+setpoints: [0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5]
+```
−## Pre-applied (blind-side) membrane shall be installed with the bonding face oriented to receive the concrete, with laps and details completed and protected, before reinforcing steel and concrete placement, and shall be protected from traffic and damage during the steel and form work that follows.
+## A thicker board resists the point loads of reinforcing chairs, pedestal feet, and wheelbarrow traffic during overburden placement, and a thinner one conforms at transitions and fits where the assembly depth is fixed; the overburden being placed sets the thickness. {note}
−# Protection Course and Drainage {toc}
+## Where an asphaltic protection board is indicated, it shall comply with ASTM D6506/D6506M, and where a board of another material is indicated, its compressive strength shall be reported to ASTM D1621 in the product data.
−## A bonded membrane is durable in service but vulnerable between installation and burial: backfill aggregate, form stripping, foot and equipment traffic, and topping-slab placement all puncture an unprotected sheet, and omission of a protection course is a leading cause of post-construction below-grade leaks. {note}
+## Where polystyrene insulation serves as the protection course, it shall be installed under [[sync/building-thermal-insulation]], and it shall not be placed against a bituminous membrane or over solvent-based primer or mastic until the membrane manufacturer has confirmed compatibility in writing and the primer and mastic have cured.
−## A protection course shall be installed over the completed and inspected membrane before backfill, topping-slab placement, or exposure to construction traffic.
+## The protection course shall be set with butted joints, held by adhesive, by the layer above, or by the overburden, and shall not be fastened through the membrane.
+## The protection course shall extend over the full membrane area, including the upturns to the height of the finished wearing surface and the area around every drain and penetration.
+
+## Membrane at terminations and around penetrations is the membrane most exposed to overburden impact and the least reachable for repair, and it is the area from which protection is most often omitted because the board has to be cut to fit. {note}
+
+# Drainage Layer and Overburden {toc}
+
+## Drainage Layer {toc}
+
+### The drainage layer over the protection course shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Protection course
−type: radio
+label: Drainage Layer Over the Protection Course
+type: select
options:
− - Protection board, ≥ 1/4 in. (6 mm)
− - Drainage composite with protection fabric (combined function)
− - Rigid insulation board doubling as protection (XPS or EPS)
−default: Protection board, ≥ 1/4 in. (6 mm)
+ - "Prefabricated drainage composite with filter fabric"
+ - "High-flow drainage composite with filter fabric"
+ - "Free-draining granular layer"
+ - "No dedicated drainage layer"
```
−## Where a protection course of expanded or extruded polystyrene is placed against a bituminous membrane, an intervening protection layer shall be provided, because bituminous adhesives and solvent-borne primers attack polystyrene and the two shall not be left in direct contact.
+### A standard composite carries the flow a paver or topping deck sees between storms; a high-flow composite is used where the overburden is deep or where irrigation and storm flows exceed what a standard core carries; a granular layer is the drainage where the overburden is itself a setting bed or soil that can be graded to the drains; and a dedicated layer is omitted where the assembly above the protection course, such as pedestal-supported pavers, already provides an open path to the drains. {note}
−## A prefabricated drainage composite shall be provided on below-grade walls subject to a perched or rising water table, to relieve hydrostatic pressure at the membrane face rather than relying on protection board alone. Without a drainage plane, backfill can hold water against the wall and build a head that exceeds the membrane's rating.
+### Where a drainage composite is indicated, its minimum in-plane flow rate shall be as indicated in the datasheet, tested in accordance with ASTM D4716/D4716M at the design normal stress and hydraulic gradient.
−### Where a drainage composite is provided, it shall have a molded core that maintains a continuous flow path to the foundation drain.
+```datasheet
+label: Drainage Composite Minimum In-Plane Flow Rate
+type: range
+unit: 'gal/min per ft of width'
+min: 1
+max: 40
+step: 1
+```
+### Where a drainage composite is indicated, it shall be installed with the filter fabric facing the overburden, with joints lapped in the direction of flow, and carried to and lapped into every drain so that the core is open to the drain.
+
+### A membrane holding standing water is a membrane under sustained head; the drainage layer keeps the head off the membrane between storms, and it is part of the waterproofing system rather than an accessory to it. {note}
+
+## Wearing Slab and Pavers {toc}
+
+### Where a topping or wearing slab is cast over the assembly, a slip sheet or the filter fabric of the drainage composite shall separate the concrete from the protection course, and reinforcing chairs and screed supports shall bear on the protection course and not on the membrane.
+
+### Where pavers on pedestals bear on the assembly, the pedestal feet shall bear on the protection course or on a bearing pad the membrane manufacturer publishes, and shall not bear directly on the membrane.
+
+### Where pavers are set in a sand or mortar setting bed, the bed shall be placed over the drainage layer and shall not be placed directly on the membrane or the protection course.
+
+## Insulation and Planting {toc}
+
+### Where insulation is installed above the membrane in a protected membrane assembly, it shall comply with [[sync/building-thermal-insulation]] and shall be a type the membrane manufacturer confirms in writing as compatible with the membrane and primer.
+
+### Where soil and planting bear on the assembly, as indicated on [[drawing: the landscape plans]], a root barrier shall be installed continuously over the protection course or drainage composite before soil is placed, with laps and upturns at planter walls made as the barrier manufacturer publishes.
+
+### The membrane shall not be relied on as the root barrier unless its manufacturer publishes root resistance for the installed thickness tested to ANSI/SPRI VR-1.
+
+### The growing medium, the drainage and retention layers above the root barrier, and the plants are governed by [[sync/vegetated-roofing]]. {note}
+
+# Interior Wet-Area Beds and Toppings {toc}
+
+## Requirements in this article apply where a sheet membrane is installed beneath a mortar bed or topping slab in an interior wet area, as indicated on [[drawing: the floor plans and wet-area details]].
+
+## A sheet membrane beneath a mortar bed catches the water that passes through grout, bed, and finish and delivers it to the drain; the bonded thin-set membrane that a tile installation carries directly beneath the tile is a different product serving a different layer, specified under [[sync/ceramic-tile]] and [[sync/natural-stone-tile]]. {note}
+
+## The membrane shall be turned up at every wall, curb, and threshold to not less than the upturn height indicated in the datasheet.
+
+## The membrane shall be carried into the floor drain and clamped beneath the clamping collar of a drain furnished with weep openings at the membrane level, so that water reaching the membrane drains rather than standing in the bed.
+
+## A protection course or the slip sheet the membrane manufacturer publishes shall be placed over the membrane before the mortar bed or topping is placed.
+
+## The membrane shall be flood tested in accordance with this standard before the bed or topping is placed.
+
+# Roof Deck Membrane {toc}
+
+## Requirements in this article apply where the membrane is installed over the full area of a steep-slope roof deck as the waterproofing plane beneath a discontinuous roof covering, as indicated on [[drawing: the roof plan]].
+
+## The underlayment and ice barrier that form part of an asphalt shingle roof or a metal panel roof are specified with those coverings under [[sync/asphalt-shingle-roofing]] and [[sync/metal-roof-panels]]; this article governs the sheet where it is the waterproofing itself, beneath slate, clay or concrete tile, wood shingles or shakes, or a deck covering whose standard does not specify the layer below it. {note}
+
+## Membrane installed over a roof deck shall conform to ASTM D1970/D1970M.
+
+## The membrane shall be applied to the sheathing from the eave upward, with each course lapping over the course below by not less than the side lap indicated in the datasheet, and with end laps staggered between courses.
+
+## The membrane shall extend up every wall, curb, and chimney to not less than the upturn height indicated in the datasheet and shall be lapped by the wall water-resistive barrier specified in [[sync/air-barriers]].
+
+## At the eave, the membrane shall be carried over the edge and onto the fascia or shall terminate over the drip edge, as indicated on [[drawing: the eave details]].
+
+## Where the roof covering is fastened through the membrane, the membrane shall be a type its manufacturer publishes as self-sealing around fasteners of the size and spacing the roof covering uses.
+
+## Battens, counter-battens, and the fasteners of the roof covering shall be installed only after the membrane has been inspected and accepted, and the membrane shall be covered within the exposure limit indicated in the datasheet.
+
+## A roof deck fully covered by a self-adhered sheet cannot dry outward, so the assembly beneath it, its ventilation, and the location of its vapor control are designed around a membrane that is a vapor retarder, and the Contract Documents state where the drying path is. {note}
+
+# Field Testing for Watertightness {toc}
+
+## Test Methods {toc}
+
+### Every horizontal membrane area shall be tested by the methods indicated in the datasheet after the membrane and all detailing in the area are complete and before the protection course or any overburden is placed.
+
```datasheet
−label: Drainage composite core (where provided)
−type: select
+label: Watertightness Test Methods for Horizontal Areas
+type: checkbox
options:
− - "20 (HDPE molded-dimple core)"
− - "40 (HDPE molded-dimple core, heavy duty)"
− - "Geocomposite (geonet core with filter fabric)"
−default: "20 (HDPE molded-dimple core)"
+ - "Flood test to ASTM D5957"
+ - "Low-voltage electronic leak detection to ASTM D7877"
+ - "High-voltage electronic leak detection to ASTM D7877"
+ - "Visual inspection of the completed membrane before cover"
+default:
+ - "Flood test to ASTM D5957"
+ - "Visual inspection of the completed membrane before cover"
```
−### The drainage composite shall discharge to a foundation drain, the location and invert of which are shown on the drawings. [[drawing: foundation drain location and invert]]
+### A flood test finds a leak by showing water on the underside and loads the drains and terminations under head, but it needs the structure to carry the water, the edges dammed, and the drains plugged; electronic leak detection locates a breach to the inch without loading the structure and can be run on a deck a flood test cannot reach, but it requires a conductive substrate or a conductive medium beneath the membrane and does not load the terminations. {note}
−# Testing {toc}
+### A test performed after cover reports that water reached the interior; it does not report where the membrane was breached. {note}
−## Field verification confirms two things the submittals cannot: that the membrane actually bonded to this substrate under site conditions, and that the completed assembly holds water before it is buried. {note}
+### Membrane on a steep-slope roof deck shall be inspected visually before the roof covering is placed and shall not be flood tested.
−## Field adhesion shall be verified by pull-off testing in accordance with ASTM D4541 at the frequency directed by the Engineer of Record, and the measured pull-off strength shall be not less than the value selected below.
+## Flood Test {toc}
+### Flood testing shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D5957.
+
+### The flood test head, measured above the high point of the test area, shall be as indicated in the datasheet and shall not exceed the structural load capacity of the deck or the upturn height.
+
```datasheet
−label: Minimum field pull-off adhesion (ASTM D4541)
+label: Flood Test Head Above the High Point
type: range
−unit: psi
−min: 15
−max: 50
−step: 5
−default: 25
+unit: 'in'
+min: 1
+max: 4
+setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 4]
+default: 2
```
−## On horizontal applications that will be covered by a topping slab, mortar bed, or overburden, a flood test shall be performed before the covering work proceeds.
+### The flood test head shall be held for not less than the duration indicated in the datasheet.
−### The completed horizontal membrane shall be flooded to a depth of 2 in. (50 mm) minimum at the high point, or to the depth directed by the Engineer of Record, and held for 24 hours.
+```datasheet
+label: Flood Test Duration
+type: range
+unit: 'h'
+min: 24
+max: 72
+setpoints: [24, 48, 72]
+default: 24
+```
−### Any leak disclosed by the flood test shall be repaired and the affected area re-tested before the membrane is covered.
+### A longer hold finds a slow leak that a 24-hour hold cannot separate from evaporation and is used where the membrane will carry standing water in service; a deeper head loads the terminations and drains harder and is limited by what the structure and the upturn can hold. {note}
−## The Contractor shall correct all defects disclosed by testing or inspection — fishmouths, voids, blisters, lifted laps, and punctures — by the manufacturer's repair method, and shall re-test as directed before the work is concealed.
+### A flood test shall not begin until the detail mastic and sealant in the test area have reached the cure the manufacturer publishes for water immersion, and in no case within 24 h of their application.
+### Before a flood test, the Contractor shall confirm in writing that the structure can carry the dead load of the test water and shall obtain the Engineer of Record's written concurrence before flooding.
+
+### Before a flood test, the Contractor shall dam every edge of the test area and plug every drain within it.
+
+### During a flood test, the underside of the deck and every termination and penetration shall be observed for leakage at the start of the hold, at intervals during it, and at its end.
+
+## Electronic Leak Detection {toc}
+
+### Electronic leak detection shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D7877 by a party independent of the applicator, using the method matched to the membrane's moisture condition at the time of the survey.
+
+### Electronic leak detection locates a breach by measuring conductance through it, so it requires an electrically insulating membrane over a conductive substrate or a conductive medium placed beneath the membrane; a film-carrier sheet over concrete qualifies, and a sheet over wood sheathing does not without a conductive layer beneath it. {note}
+
+## Adhesion Verification {toc}
+
+### Field adhesion of the membrane shall be verified as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Field Adhesion Verification
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Peel test on the mock-up and at the frequency indicated in the datasheet"
+ - "Peel test on the mock-up"
+ - "Visual inspection of bond at laps and edges"
+```
+
+### A peel test on the mock-up confirms that the primer, substrate, and rolling produce the published bond before production starts; peel tests at a frequency find the areas where the substrate, the weather, or the primer open time drifted during production, at the cost of a patch at every test site; visual inspection alone relies on lifted edges and fishmouths to reveal a bond problem, which they do for a gross failure and not for a sheet that is in contact without being adhered. {note}
+
+### Where peel testing at a frequency is indicated, tests shall be made at not less than the frequency indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Field Peel Test Frequency
+type: range
+unit: 'sq ft per test'
+min: 500
+max: 10000
+setpoints: [500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10000]
+```
+
+### A field peel test shall be made by cutting a strip of applied membrane not less than 1 in. wide, peeling it at 90° to the substrate, and recording whether separation occurs within the adhesive compound or at the substrate interface, and separation at the substrate interface leaving a clean substrate face shall be recorded as a failure.
+
+### Each peel test site shall be patched with the same membrane extending not less than 6 in. beyond the cut in every direction.
+
+### A flood test proves that the membrane is continuous; it does not prove that the membrane is bonded, and an unbonded sheet that passes a flood test lets water travel behind it to the nearest termination once a breach occurs anywhere. {note}
+
+## Repair and Re-Test {toc}
+
+### Any breach or defect found shall be located, repaired in accordance with the manufacturer's published repair detail, and re-tested by the same method until the area passes.
+
+### The cost of every repair and every re-test following a failed test shall be borne by the Contractor.
+
+### Where the parties disagree whether an observed condition constitutes a defect, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.
+
# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
−## Materials shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original unopened packaging bearing the product name, lot number, and handling instructions.
+## Materials shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original unopened packaging bearing the product designation, the lot number, and the manufacturer's published storage and shelf-life information.
−## Membrane rolls shall be stored upright on end, off the ground, and under cover, protected from moisture, direct sunlight, and freezing where the product is temperature-sensitive.
+## Membrane rolls shall be stored on end on a flat surface, off the ground, under cover, out of direct sunlight, and within the temperature range published by the manufacturer, and shall not be stacked or laid on their sides.
−## Materials shall be stored within the temperature range stated by the manufacturer, and cold-weather and standard formulations shall be kept conditioned to their installation temperature before use so that adhesive tack is correct when the rolls reach the wall or deck.
+## A roll stored on its side flattens under its own weight, and the distortion does not roll out; it shows up as a sheet that will not lie flat at exactly the point where the applicator is trying to hold a lap aligned. {note}
−## Primers, mastics, and solvent-borne products shall be stored away from ignition sources and used within their stated shelf life.
+## Rolls shall be protected from heat that would cause the compound to flow, and a roll whose compound has flowed or whose release liner has bonded to the compound shall not be used.
−# Warranty {toc}
+## Primers, mastics, and solvent-bearing materials shall be stored, handled, and disposed of in accordance with the manufacturer's safety data sheets and the requirements of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
−## The system warranty protects the Owner against the two failure modes that matter below grade — loss of watertightness and loss of adhesion — over a term commensurate with the inaccessibility of the work. {note}
+## Material whose published shelf life has expired, and material whose lot number does not appear on the delivered documentation, shall be removed from the site and shall not be incorporated into the work.
−## The manufacturer shall provide a written material warranty against defects in the membrane, primer, and accessories for the term selected below.
+# Warranty {toc}
−## The applicator shall provide a written workmanship warranty covering installation defects, including lap and termination failures, for a minimum of two years from Substantial Completion.
+## Manufacturer's Warranty {toc}
+### The membrane manufacturer shall provide a written warranty to the Owner of the form indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Manufacturer material warranty term
+label: Manufacturer Warranty Form
type: radio
−unit: years
options:
− - "5"
− - "10"
− - "15 (deck and plaza systems)"
−default: "10"
+ - "Materials-only warranty"
+ - "Labor and materials system warranty"
+ - "No-dollar-limit system warranty"
```
−# Spare Materials {toc}
+### The three forms differ in what the Owner recovers, not in how long the membrane lasts: a materials-only warranty replaces the failed material; a labor and materials warranty adds the cost of installing the replacement and is offered only where an approved applicator installed the membrane; a no-dollar-limit warranty covers the repair without a cap tied to the contract value. None of them covers removal of the overburden to reach the membrane unless the warranty says so in its own text. {note}
−## The Contractor shall deliver to the Owner spare membrane, primer, and detail mastic of the installed types for future repair, in the quantity selected below.
+### The manufacturer's warranty shall run for not less than the period indicated in the datasheet from the date of Substantial Completion.
```datasheet
−label: Spare membrane delivered to Owner
+label: Manufacturer Warranty Period
type: range
−unit: roll
+unit: 'years'
min: 0
−max: 4
−step: 1
−default: 1
+max: 20
+setpoints: [0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20]
```
−## Spare materials shall be from the same manufacturer and product line as the installed work and shall be delivered in original unopened packaging with current shelf life.
+### The warranty shall identify the membrane system, the configuration of each area, and the areas covered, as documented by the test reports and the record drawings.
+
+## Installer's Warranty {toc}
+
+### The applicator shall provide a written warranty to the Owner against defects in workmanship and against water infiltration through the installed system for not less than the period indicated in the datasheet from the date of Substantial Completion.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Installer Workmanship Warranty Period
+type: range
+unit: 'years'
+min: 1
+max: 5
+setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5]
+default: 2
+```
+
+### The installer's warranty shall be in addition to the manufacturer's warranty and not in place of it.
+
+### Work performed under either warranty shall itself be warranted for a full term equal to the original period measured from the date the correction is accepted, or for the remainder of the original period, whichever ends later.
+
+### The Contractor's cost of a warranty correction shall include removal and reinstatement of the wearing slab, pavers, soil, insulation, drainage layer, and protection course needed to reach the membrane, and repair of finishes damaged in gaining access.
+
+## Exclusions {toc}
+
+### Warranty exclusions shall not relieve the Contractor of responsibility for a failure caused by substrate preparation, application, or material handling that deviates from the reviewed submittals or from this standard.
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the proposed exclusion language with the sample warranty forms, and the Owner shall accept or reject it before the warranty is executed.
+
+### Exclusions for structural failure of the building, for damage by other trades after the membrane was protected and accepted, and for alterations to the assembly by others are customary. {note}