Visual Display Units
Remade from scratch to the authoring rules: defaults asserted only where four of five projects would choose them, and scope boundaries matched to the neighboring standards
Showing changes from Rev 2
to Rev 3
in Visual Display Units.
---
title: Visual Display Units
category: Architectural / Specialties
−toc_depth: 3
description: >
− When to use: factory-fabricated wall-mounted and portable visual display
− surfaces for commercial, institutional, educational, healthcare, and
− government buildings — porcelain-enamel, glass, melamine, and painted-steel
− markerboards; cork, vinyl, and fabric tackboards; combination units; map and
− display rails; sliding and folding panel systems; lockable bulletin board
− cabinets; and their aluminum or steel framing, trim, trays, and accessories.
− Not intended for: digital displays, interactive flat panels, and projection
− screens (audiovisual scope); architectural and code-required signage (see
− sync/signage); impact-protection wall and corner guards (see
− sync/wall-and-corner-protection); toilet accessories (see
− sync/toilet-accessories); metal lockers (see sync/metal-lockers); acoustic
− wall panels used for sound absorption (see sync/acoustic-wall-panels); window
− treatments used to black out a projection surface (see
− sync/window-treatments); wood and laminate casework that merely incorporates a
− whiteboard insert (see sync/wood-and-laminate-casework); and liquid-applied
− whiteboard or chalkboard coatings painted directly on walls (a finish-trade
− item).
+ When to use: Factory-fabricated writing and pinning surfaces furnished as framed units in commercial, institutional, educational, healthcare, hospitality, and government buildings. Covers markerboards and chalkboards with porcelain-enamel steel, painted steel, tempered glass, high-pressure laminate, and melamine writing surfaces; tackboards with cork, vinyl, fabric, and fiber faces; combination units; enclosed bulletin board cabinets with hinged or sliding glazed doors, locks, header panels, and internal illumination; horizontal and vertical sliding panel units and modular rail-hung panel systems; mobile units on casters; display rails, marker trays, map hooks, and accessories; the frame and trim material and finish; the interior finish fire classification and emissions of the faces and cores; mounting, blocking hand-off, seismic anchorage, accessible reach and protrusion; and installation, field verification, warranty, and spare parts.
+ Not intended for: Digital displays, interactive flat panels, video walls, and projection screens with their mounts and receivers, none of which is covered by a SynC standard; dry-erase and chalkboard coatings applied liquid in the field to a wall, which no SynC standard covers; interior room identification, directional, and informational signage, including directories (see [[sync/signage]]); the tactile exit, stairway, and area-of-refuge signs the code prescribes (see [[sync/signage-and-egress-markings]]); sound-absorptive wall and ceiling panels furnished for acoustic performance (see [[sync/acoustic-wall-panels]]); cork and textile wall coverings applied as a continuous flexible wall finish (see [[sync/wall-coverings]]); corner guards, crash rails, and rigid sheet wall protection (see [[sync/wall-and-corner-protection]]); casework that incorporates a writing surface as a cabinet component (see [[sync/wood-and-laminate-casework]]); the in-wall blocking and backing the units anchor to (see [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]], [[sync/rough-carpentry]], and [[sync/unit-masonry]]); and the branch circuit serving an illuminated cabinet (see [[sync/conductors-and-cables]] and [[sync/raceways-and-conduit]]).
---
# Scope {toc}
−## This standard covers the furnishing and installation of factory-fabricated visual display units, including markerboards, tackboards, combination units, map and display rails, sliding and folding panel systems, bulletin board cabinets, and the framing, trim, trays, and accessories furnished with them.
+## This standard covers the furnishing and installation of factory-fabricated visual display units: the markerboards, chalkboards, tackboards, combination units, bulletin board cabinets, sliding and rail-hung panel systems, and mobile units on which a room's occupants write, erase, pin, and post, together with the frames, trim, trays, rails, hooks, and anchorage hardware furnished with them. {note}
−## Visual display units are the writing and pinning surfaces of a building — the markerboards and tackboards that turn classrooms, conference rooms, nursing stations, and offices into places where information is composed and posted. {note}
+## A visual display unit is an assembled product rather than a sheet material: a writing or pinning face bonded to a core, a backing that keeps the assembly flat, and a frame that finishes the edge and carries the unit to the wall. The face decides how the unit performs every day; the core and backing decide whether it stays flat; the frame decides how it reads in the room and how it is hung. {note}
−## They are nominally simple millwork-adjacent items, but the wrong surface choice has a long, visible, daily-use consequence: a melamine board that ghosts within a semester, a glass board hung on a wall with no blocking, or a modular rail that fails an accessibility review. This standard exists to make those choices deliberately rather than by default. {note}
+## The following are outside the scope of this standard: {note}
+- Digital displays, interactive flat panels, video walls, and projection screens, including the mounts, receivers, and tracks that carry them, which no SynC standard covers
+- Dry-erase and chalkboard coatings applied liquid in the field to a wall or door, which no SynC standard covers
+- Room identification, directional, informational, and directory signage, which is furnished under [[sync/signage]], and the tactile exit, stairway, and area-of-refuge signs the code prescribes, which are furnished under [[sync/signage-and-egress-markings]]
+- Wall and ceiling panels whose primary function is sound absorption, which are furnished under [[sync/acoustic-wall-panels]]
+- Cork, textile, and vinyl wall coverings applied as a continuous flexible finish over a wall, which are furnished under [[sync/wall-coverings]]
+- Corner guards, crash rails, rub rails, and rigid sheet wall protection, which are furnished under [[sync/wall-and-corner-protection]]
+- Casework in which a writing surface is a cabinet door, panel, or insert, which is furnished under [[sync/wood-and-laminate-casework]]
+- In-wall blocking and backing, which are furnished by the wall trades under [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]], [[sync/rough-carpentry]], and [[sync/unit-masonry]]
+- The branch circuit, outlet box, and conductors serving an internally illuminated bulletin board cabinet, which are furnished under [[sync/conductors-and-cables]] and [[sync/raceways-and-conduit]]
−## The unit of selection in this standard is the assembled display unit — a writing or pinning surface, its core, and the frame, trim, and accessories furnished as a factory package — not the raw sheet of porcelain steel or cork. {note}
+## A tackable panel is specified under this standard when its function is to hold pinned material, and under [[sync/acoustic-wall-panels]] when its function is to absorb sound; a fabric-faced tackboard absorbs some sound and an acoustic panel takes a pin, and the standard that governs each is set by the function the room needs from it rather than by the material. {note}
−## Surface coatings applied liquid in the field — whiteboard paint and chalkboard paint rolled or sprayed directly onto a wall or door — are a finish-trade item and are not covered here even though the resulting surface performs the same function. {note}
+## Four decisions in this standard are independent of one another and are made separately: the writing or pinning face of each unit, the core behind it, the frame and trim that finish it, and the mounting that carries it to the wall. {note}
−## Digital and electronic display boards, interactive flat panels, and roll-down or fixed projection screens are audiovisual systems and are outside this standard; only the passive mounting track ("projection screen receiver") furnished as part of a visual display wall is coordinated here. {note}
+## The unit types, the size of each unit, the quantity of each, and the location of each unit shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the interior elevations and the visual display unit schedule]].
−## Several adjacent products that visually resemble a visual display unit are specified in their own standards rather than here: {note}
+## The Contractor shall furnish the anchor pattern, the mounting height, and the weight of every wall-mounted unit to the wall trades before the walls are closed, in the form of the blocking and backing schedule that [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]] requires.
−- **Architectural interior signage, wayfinding, and code-required egress signage** are specified in [[sync/signage]], even where a directory or notice board visually resembles a bulletin cabinet.
−- **Wall and corner protection panels** furnished for impact and abuse resistance, rather than as a writing or display surface, are specified in [[sync/wall-and-corner-protection]].
−- **Acoustic wall panels** furnished primarily for sound absorption are specified in [[sync/acoustic-wall-panels]]; a fabric-faced tackboard furnished primarily as a pinning surface is covered here even if it provides incidental absorption.
−- **Toilet accessories** ([[sync/toilet-accessories]]), **metal lockers** ([[sync/metal-lockers]]), **window treatments** ([[sync/window-treatments]]), and **wood or laminate casework** with a whiteboard insert ([[sync/wood-and-laminate-casework]]).
+## The Contractor shall coordinate the location of each unit with the casework, wall protection, signage, and window treatments on the same wall so that no unit is obstructed by, or obstructs, the work of another trade.
# Referenced Standards {toc}
−## Materials, fabrication, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
+## Materials, fabrication, finish, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
−## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record or Architect of Record directs otherwise in writing.
+## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Architect directs otherwise in writing.
| Standard | Title |
|----------|-------|
−| ASTM E84 | Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials |
−| ASTM B221 | Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes |
−| ASTM C208 | Standard Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board |
+| 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design | Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design (Sections 307, 308, and 309) |
+| ICC A117.1 | Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities |
+| International Building Code | Chapter 8, Interior Finishes, and Chapter 16, Structural Design |
+| ASCE/SEI 7 | Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures (Chapter 13, Nonstructural Components) |
+| NFPA 70 | National Electrical Code |
+| ASTM E84 | Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials |
+| ASTM B221 | Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes |
| AAMA 611 | Voluntary Specification for Anodized Architectural Aluminum |
−| ANSI/BHMA A156.31 | American National Standard for Electric Strikes and Frame-Mounted Actuators |
−| ADA Standards | ADA Standards for Accessible Design (2010 Edition) |
−| ICC A117.1 | Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities (2017) |
−| IBC Section 803 | International Building Code (2021), Interior Finish and Trim |
+| AAMA 2603 | Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Pigmented Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels |
+| AAMA 2604 | Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for High Performance Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels |
+| AAMA 2605 | Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Superior Performing Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels |
+| ASTM A1008/A1008M | Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability |
+| ASTM A653/A653M | Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process |
+| ASTM A240/A240M | Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications |
+| ASTM C282 | Acid Resistance of Porcelain Enamels (Citric Acid Spot Test) |
+| ASTM C346 | 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials |
+| ASTM C1036 | Flat Glass |
+| ASTM C1048 | Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tempered Flat Glass |
+| ANSI Z97.1 | Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings, Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test |
+| ASTM C208 | Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board |
+| ANSI A208.1 | Particleboard |
+| ANSI A208.2 | Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) for Interior Applications |
+| 40 CFR Part 770 | Formaldehyde Standards for Composite Wood Products |
+| CDPH Standard Method v1.2 | Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental Chambers |
+| ANSI/BHMA A156.11 | Cabinet Locks |
# Submittals {toc}
−## Action submittals establish that the proposed units meet the specified performance and finish before the manufacturer cuts material, while informational and closeout submittals carry the fire-test evidence, warranty, and maintenance instructions the Owner needs to live with the units for decades. {note}
+## Action Submittals {toc}
−## The Contractor shall submit the following action submittals for review and approval before fabrication:
+### The visual display unit schedule is the document that ties a unit, its size, its mounting height, and its backing together, and it is reviewed before the walls close because the backing it locates cannot be added afterward. {note}
−- Product data for each type of visual display unit, including surface material, core construction, frame profile, and accessories.
−- Shop drawings showing elevations, dimensions, joint and trim locations, accessory placement, and required blocking and backing.
−- Samples of each writing surface, tackboard face, and frame finish in the specified colors.
−- Fabric tackboard face samples in the full available range when fabric color is selected by the Architect.
+### The Contractor shall submit the following for review and shall not release units for fabrication until the submittals have been returned:
+- A visual display unit schedule listing every unit by room, giving its mark, type, face, core, frame, mounting method, nominal size, mounting height to the bottom of the frame, and quantity
+- Product data for each unit type giving the face material and finish, the core and backing, the frame profile and finish, the tray, rail, and accessory items, and the published weight per square foot
+- Shop drawings showing each unit in elevation with its dimensions, panel joints, trim, tray, rail, and accessory locations, the anchor pattern, the projection from the finished wall, and the rough opening of each recessed unit
+- Shop drawings of each sliding panel unit and rail-hung system showing the track or rail, the panel count and travel, the header and end anchorage, and the assembled projection
+- Shop drawings of each bulletin board cabinet showing the door swing or slide, the lock location, the header panel, and the electrical rough-in of each illuminated cabinet
+- Samples of each writing surface not smaller than 6 in. by 6 in., of each tack face not smaller than 8 in. by 10 in., and of each frame finish not shorter than 6 in.
+- The fabric or vinyl manufacturer's full color line where the face color is to be selected from it
```datasheet
−label: Action submittals required
+label: Action Submittals Required
type: checkbox
options:
− - Product data for each unit type
− - Shop drawings with elevations and blocking
− - Writing surface / tackboard face samples
− - Frame finish samples
− - Fabric face range (when Architect-selected)
+ - "Visual display unit schedule by room with mark, type, face, core, frame, mounting, size, height, and quantity"
+ - "Product data for each unit type with weight"
+ - "Shop drawings of each unit with anchor pattern and projection"
+ - "Shop drawings of sliding and rail-hung systems"
+ - "Shop drawings of bulletin board cabinets with electrical rough-in"
+ - "Face and frame finish samples"
+ - "Face manufacturer's full color line"
+default:
+ - "Visual display unit schedule by room with mark, type, face, core, frame, mounting, size, height, and quantity"
+ - "Product data for each unit type with weight"
+ - "Shop drawings of each unit with anchor pattern and projection"
+ - "Face and frame finish samples"
```
−## The Contractor shall submit the following informational submittals:
+### Where the Contractor proposes a face, core, frame, or finish differing from the datasheet selection, the proposal shall be identified as a deviation on the transmittal and shall state what is offered in place of each selected item.
−- Manufacturer's certification that surface and core materials meet the specified ASTM E84 surface-burning class.
−- Manufacturer's certification that aluminum trim is finished to the specified AAMA 611 anodic class or factory paint system.
−- Installation instructions, including required blocking, fastener types, and mounting heights.
+### Shop drawings for recessed units, full-wall runs, and sliding panel units shall be prepared from field measurements taken after the walls that bound them are framed.
+## Informational Submittals {toc}
+
+### The Contractor shall submit the following with or before the action submittals:
+- Test reports showing the flame spread index and smoke developed index of each face and core material under ASTM E84
+- The manufacturer's published writing performance data for each writing surface, including the erasability test method and the cleaning agents the surface warranty permits
+- Low-emitting certification or test report for each face, core, and adhesive where the datasheet requires it
+- The manufacturer's installation instructions, including the fastener and anchor type for each substrate
+- The listing of each internally illuminated cabinet as an assembly
+
```datasheet
−label: Informational submittals required
+label: Informational Submittals Required
type: checkbox
options:
− - ASTM E84 class certification
− - AAMA 611 / paint finish certification
− - Manufacturer installation instructions
+ - "ASTM E84 test reports for faces and cores"
+ - "Writing performance data and permitted cleaning agents"
+ - "Low-emitting certification or test reports"
+ - "Manufacturer's installation instructions"
+ - "Listing of illuminated cabinets"
+default:
+ - "ASTM E84 test reports for faces and cores"
+ - "Writing performance data and permitted cleaning agents"
+ - "Manufacturer's installation instructions"
```
−## The Contractor shall submit the following closeout submittals before Substantial Completion:
+## Closeout Submittals {toc}
−- Executed written warranties, including the porcelain-enamel surface warranty where applicable.
−- Operation and maintenance data, including cleaning agents permitted and prohibited for each surface.
+### The Contractor shall deliver the following at substantial completion:
+- A record visual display unit schedule reflecting every field change to type, location, size, or mounting height
+- Keys for every keyed cabinet, with a key count and the keying arrangement identified
+- The written manufacturer warranties for the writing surfaces, the frames and hardware, and the cabinet illumination, and the written Contractor installation warranty
+- Maintenance data for each face, giving the cleaning agents and methods the warranty permits and those it excludes, and the conditioning procedure for a new porcelain or glass surface
+- The record of the field verification required under this standard
+- A signed receipt from the Owner for the spare parts delivered
```datasheet
−label: Closeout submittals required
+label: Closeout Submittals Required
type: checkbox
options:
− - Executed written warranties
− - Operation and maintenance / cleaning data
+ - "Record visual display unit schedule"
+ - "Keys with key count and keying arrangement"
+ - "Manufacturer and Contractor warranties"
+ - "Maintenance data with permitted cleaning agents"
+ - "Field verification record"
+ - "Spare parts receipt"
+default:
+ - "Record visual display unit schedule"
+ - "Keys with key count and keying arrangement"
+ - "Manufacturer and Contractor warranties"
+ - "Maintenance data with permitted cleaning agents"
+ - "Field verification record"
+ - "Spare parts receipt"
```
# Quality Assurance {toc}
−## Visual display units shall be the standard factory products of a single manufacturer regularly engaged in their production, furnished as complete assemblies rather than site-assembled from loose components.
+## Source of Supply {toc}
−## Units of a given type throughout the Project shall be the products of a single manufacturer.
+### Units from one manufacturer share a frame extrusion, a tray profile, a trim finish lot, and a rail that takes the same hooks, and units from two manufacturers set side by side on one wall show two frame faces and two finishes under the same light. {note}
−## The installer shall be experienced in mounting factory-fabricated visual display units and shall follow the manufacturer's published instructions for the substrate encountered.
+### Glass markerboards, mobile units, and bulletin board cabinets are each made by a narrower set of manufacturers than framed porcelain and tack units are, so holding every unit to one source narrows the choice of those three products, while excepting them keeps the choice open at the cost of matching their frames separately. {note}
−## A mockup is the cheapest place to discover that an anodized frame reads gray against a warm-white wall, or that a fabric tackboard photographs differently than its swatch; on finish-sensitive projects one installed unit of each type should be reviewed before the balance is fabricated. {note}
+### The source of supply for the units shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## Where a mockup is required, one full unit of each specified type shall be installed in its final location and reviewed before the remaining units are fabricated, and the approved mockup may remain as part of the Work.
+```datasheet
+label: Source of Supply
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "One manufacturer for every unit, including glass markerboards, mobile units, and bulletin board cabinets"
+ - "One manufacturer for every unit except glass markerboards, mobile units, and bulletin board cabinets"
+ - "Multiple manufacturers, with frame profile and finish matched on every wall"
+default: "One manufacturer for every unit except glass markerboards, mobile units, and bulletin board cabinets"
+```
−# Regulatory and Accessibility Requirements {toc}
+### Where more than one manufacturer is used, the Contractor shall submit the frame finish samples of every manufacturer together, and the Architect shall confirm the match before procurement.
−## A wall-mounted board is an interior finish and a potential protruding object at the same time; it must satisfy the fire performance of IBC Section 803 and the reach and protrusion limits of the ADA Standards, and these two demands occasionally pull against each other. {note}
+## Mock-Up {toc}
−## Surface and core materials of markerboards and tackboards shall meet the surface-burning class required for the occupancy and sprinkler condition under IBC Section 803, tested per ASTM E84.
+### A mock-up shows the frame finish against the wall color and the casework, the tack face color under the room's lighting, and the writing surface under the room's projector before the balance of the units is fabricated, and the cost of the mock-up is one unit installed early. {note}
+### The mock-up requirement shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Required interior finish class (ASTM E84)
+label: Mock-Up
type: radio
options:
− - "Class A (FSI ≤25, SDI ≤50)"
− - "Class B (FSI ≤75, SDI ≤450)"
−default: "Class A (FSI ≤25, SDI ≤50)"
+ - "One unit of each type installed at a location the Architect designates before the balance is fabricated"
+ - "Not required"
+default: "Not required"
```
−## A Class A interior finish requires a Flame-Spread Index of 25 or less and a Smoke-Developed Index of 50 or less; some occupancies and sprinklered spaces permit Class B (Flame-Spread Index 75 or less, Smoke-Developed Index 450 or less), but Class A is the safe institutional default and the assumption of this standard unless a lower class is documented. {note}
+### Where a mock-up is required, the balance of the units shall not be fabricated until the Architect has accepted the mock-up in writing, and an accepted mock-up may remain as part of the Work.
−## Wall-mounted units and their operable parts shall comply with the ADA Standards for Accessible Design and, where adopted by the authority having jurisdiction, ICC A117.1.
+## Field Measurement {toc}
−## A unit mounted with any point of its leading face between 27 inches and 80 inches above the finished floor shall not protrude more than 4 inches from the wall plane into the circulation path.
+### A recessed unit is cut to the opening it goes into, a full-wall run is cut to the wall it fills, and a sliding unit's track is cut to the header it hangs from, and none of those is reliably known from the contract drawings. {note}
−## Modular rail systems and stacked sliding panels are the usual offenders against the 4-inch protrusion limit, because the panel thickness plus the rail can exceed 4 inches even when each part seems thin; verify the assembled projection, not the catalog panel thickness. {note}
+### The Contractor shall field-measure every recessed opening, every full-wall run, and every sliding panel unit location after the surrounding framing is in place and before the unit is fabricated.
−## Operable parts furnished with the unit — map hooks, sliding-panel pulls, and cabinet latches — shall be within an accessible reach range, with the highest operable part no higher than 48 inches above the finished floor for a forward or unobstructed side reach.
+### Where a field dimension differs from the contract drawings by more than the width of the narrowest filler or trim the manufacturer offers, the Contractor shall notify the Architect in writing before fabrication.
−## The bottom of a unit intended for accessible writing or posting should be mounted so the writing surface begins within the side-reach range, with the bottom edge no lower than 15 inches above the finished floor where a floor-level reach obstruction governs.
+# Service Exposure {toc}
+## A markerboard in a conditioned classroom and the same board in a natatorium corridor or an exam room wiped with disinfectant several times a day are not the same product in service: sustained humidity swells a wood-fiber core and lifts a laminate face, disinfectants dull a painted or melamine surface that water alone leaves bright, an unsupervised corridor loads a cabinet with prying and a tray with impact, and an exterior cabinet takes rain, sun, and condensation. {note}
+
+## The service exposure at the unit locations shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Mounting height to bottom of unit
−type: range
−unit: in
−min: 15
−max: 42
−step: 1
−drawing_ref: "interior elevations"
−default: deferred
+label: Service Exposure at Unit Locations
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Conditioned interior"
+ - "Interior with sustained elevated humidity from showers, pools, or kitchens"
+ - "Healthcare or laboratory interior under frequent chemical disinfection"
+ - "Unsupervised public corridor, transit, or park interior"
+ - "Correctional or detention environment"
+ - "Exterior or unconditioned location under cover"
+ - "Exterior location exposed to weather"
+default: "Conditioned interior"
```
−# Markerboards {toc}
+## Where the service exposure indicated is sustained elevated humidity or an exterior location, cores shall be aluminum honeycomb, rigid foam, or a moisture-resistant composite, and wood-fiber cores shall not be furnished.
−## A markerboard is defined by its writing surface, and the surface choice is the single most consequential decision in this standard because it governs daily usability, magnet support, and warranty life — a 50-year porcelain surface and a 2-year melamine surface look nearly identical on day one and nothing alike after a year of classroom use. {note}
+## Where the service exposure indicated is frequent chemical disinfection, writing surfaces shall be porcelain enamel on steel or tempered glass, and tack faces shall be vinyl.
−## The four common writing surfaces sit on a clear durability-versus-cost ladder: {note}
+## Where the service exposure indicated is an unsupervised public corridor or a correctional environment, bulletin board cabinets shall have tempered glass or polycarbonate glazing, concealed hinges, and a lock, and exposed fasteners shall be of a security head type.
−- **Porcelain enamel on steel** — fired glass-on-steel surface; the most durable and stain-resistant, inherently magnetic, and the correct choice for daily-use institutional rooms; typically carries a 50-year surface warranty.
−- **Tempered glass** — low-iron glass writing surface; premium, ghost-free, and easy to clean; magnetic only when a steel backing is specified; typically a 10-year warranty.
−- **Painted steel** — mid-grade coated-steel surface; better than melamine for moderate use; magnetic but less stain-resistant than porcelain.
−- **Melamine** — resin-faced economy surface; light-duty only, not reliably magnetic, and prone to ghosting and staining under frequent use.
+## Where the service exposure indicated is an exterior location, bulletin board cabinets shall be of the manufacturer's weather-resistant construction with gasketed doors, a drained and vented interior, and a tack face and core rated by the manufacturer for exterior service.
−## The writing surface material shall be as selected for the room's use frequency, with porcelain enamel on steel specified for classrooms, training rooms, and other rooms used multiple times daily.
+# Interior Finish Fire Classification and Emissions {toc}
+## Interior Finish Classification {toc}
+
+### A unit face is an interior wall finish once it covers a meaningful part of a wall, and the fabric, vinyl, cork, or laminate face and the wood-fiber core behind it burn and smoke differently from the porcelain steel face that passes the test by nature. {note}
+
+### The surface burning classification required of the unit faces and cores shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Markerboard writing surface
−type: radio
+label: Surface Burning Classification of Faces and Cores
+type: select
+derived: "the interior finish class [[parameter: adopted-building-code]] assigns to the occupancy and location of each unit"
options:
− - Porcelain enamel on steel
− - Tempered low-iron glass
− - Painted steel
− - Melamine
−default: Porcelain enamel on steel
+ - "Class A"
+ - "Class B"
+ - "Class C"
+ - "No classification required at the installed locations"
+default: derived
```
−## Specifying a melamine surface in a room used several times a day is the most common and most regretted error in this section; melamine ghosts and stains within months of institutional use, and the cost difference to porcelain is recovered many times over in service life. {note}
+### Faces and cores shall have a flame spread index and a smoke developed index meeting the classification indicated when tested in accordance with ASTM E84 as a composite of the face, the adhesive, and the core.
−## Where the design intent shows magnets holding paper to the board, the specified surface shall be inherently magnetic — porcelain enamel on steel, or glass over a steel backing — and melamine shall not be substituted.
+### A test report for a face tested alone on an inorganic substrate shall not be accepted for a face bonded to a wood-fiber or foam core.
+## Low-Emitting Materials {toc}
+
+### A classroom wall of tackboard is one of the larger continuous interior surfaces in the room, and the cork binder, the vinyl, the fabric, the adhesive, and the wood-fiber core each carry an emissions profile a project pursuing a green building rating counts. {note}
+
+### The low-emitting requirement for faces, cores, and adhesives shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Magnetic writing surface required
+label: Low-Emitting Materials
type: radio
options:
− - "Yes — ferrous substrate required"
− - "No"
−default: "No"
+ - "Faces, cores, and adhesives tested under CDPH Standard Method v1.2 and meeting its limits"
+ - "Not required"
```
−## Magnet support is not an aesthetic preference but a substrate fact: only a ferrous backing holds a magnet, so a melamine or bare-glass board will silently fail the design intent the first time a teacher reaches for a magnet. {note}
+### Particleboard and medium-density fiberboard cores shall comply with the formaldehyde emission limits of 40 CFR Part 770 and shall be labeled as compliant.
−## The markerboard core shall be a rigid laminated assembly that holds the writing surface flat over its full span and resists denting from normal handling.
+# Writing Surfaces {toc}
+## Writing Medium {toc}
+
+### A dry-erase surface is smooth and non-porous so that the marker ink sits on it and wipes off, and a chalk surface is matte and lightly textured so that chalk transfers to it; a chalk surface ghosts under marker and a dry-erase surface takes no chalk, so the medium is decided before the surface material is. {note}
+
+### The writing medium of markerboards and chalkboards shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Markerboard core construction
+label: Writing Medium
type: radio
options:
− - 7/8 in honeycomb aluminum core
− - Particleboard core
−default: 7/8 in honeycomb aluminum core
+ - "Dry-erase marker"
+ - "Chalk"
+default: "Dry-erase marker"
```
−## Honeycomb aluminum cores are the standard institutional choice because they are light and stay flat; particleboard cores appear in economy lines and add weight and warp risk in humid rooms. {note}
+### Where chalk is indicated, the writing surface shall be porcelain enamel on steel or painted steel with a chalk-grade matte finish, and glass, laminate, and melamine surfaces shall not be furnished for chalk.
−## Tempered glass markerboards shall be fabricated from low-iron glass of the thickness scheduled and, where magnetic function is required, shall be furnished with a continuous steel backing panel.
+## Writing Surface Material {toc}
+### Porcelain enamel on steel is a glass coating fired onto a steel sheet; it is the hardest, the most stain-resistant, and the one that holds a magnet without a backing, and it is the surface most manufacturers warrant for the life of the building. Painted steel is a baked coating on the same steel; it holds a magnet and costs less, and it scratches and ghosts sooner. Tempered glass is a back-painted glass sheet; it does not ghost or stain, it holds a magnet only over a steel backing, and it is the heaviest and the costliest surface and the one that shows a projected image as glare. High-pressure laminate is a resin-impregnated sheet; it is light and inexpensive, is not magnetic, and ghosts under daily marker use within a few years. Melamine is a resin-coated hardboard; it is the lightest and least costly and the one that ghosts within months of daily use. {note}
+
+### The writing surface material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Glass markerboard thickness
−type: radio
−unit: in
+label: Writing Surface Material
+type: select
options:
− - "1/4 (6 mm) tempered low-iron"
−default: "1/4 (6 mm) tempered low-iron"
+ - "Porcelain enamel on steel"
+ - "Painted steel"
+ - "Tempered glass"
+ - "High-pressure laminate"
+ - "Melamine-faced hardboard"
+default: "Porcelain enamel on steel"
```
−## Standard tempered glass markerboards use 1/4-inch (6 mm) low-iron glass; low-iron is specified so the writing surface reads clean white rather than the green cast of ordinary float glass. {note}
+### Writing surface color shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the finish schedule]].
−## The finished writing surface shall not deviate from a true plane by more than 1/8 inch over any 8 feet of length when the unit is installed.
+### The writing surface of each unit shall be a single continuous sheet without a seam within the unit face.
−## The writing surface shall resist ghosting under normal dry-erase use, demonstrated by the manufacturer's documented ghost-resistance procedure for the specified surface.
+### The installed writing surface shall not deviate from a true plane by more than 1/8 in. in any 8 ft, measured with a straightedge laid in any direction on the face.
−# Tackboards {toc}
+## Porcelain Enamel on Steel {toc}
−## A tackboard is a pinning surface, and its face material is chosen for the room's moisture exposure and aesthetic rather than for durability of writing; the four common faces range from utilitarian burlap to self-healing washable vinyl to natural cork to designer fabric. {note}
+### Requirements in this article apply where porcelain enamel on steel is the writing surface indicated.
−## The available tackboard faces serve different conditions: {note}
+### The steel sheet shall be enameling-grade cold-rolled sheet conforming to ASTM A1008/A1008M, coated with a ground coat and a writing cover coat fired to a continuous glass surface on the face and a ground coat on the back.
−- **Type I burlap** — economical woven jute face for low-visibility utility locations.
−- **Type II self-healing vinyl** — washable, mildew-resistant vinyl that closes pinholes; the durable choice for healthcare and high-moisture or high-traffic locations.
−- **Type III natural cork** — resilient natural-cork face with a warm appearance; the traditional classroom and office choice.
−- **Type IV fabric** — woven fabric face over a backing, available in a wide designer color range and in acoustical and non-acoustical builds.
+### The porcelain enamel shall show no effect when tested in accordance with ASTM C282.
−## The tackboard face material shall be as scheduled for the room's exposure, with self-healing vinyl specified where the surface is exposed to moisture, frequent cleaning, or infection-control wipe-down.
+### The specular gloss of the writing surface shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
−label: Tackboard face material
+label: Porcelain Enamel Specular Gloss
type: radio
options:
− - Type I burlap
− - Type II self-healing vinyl
− - Type III natural cork
− - Type IV fabric
−default: Type III natural cork
+ - "Gloss"
+ - "Low gloss"
+default: manufacturer
```
−## Self-healing vinyl tackboard face material shall weigh not less than 21 ounces per lineal yard.
+### A gloss surface wipes cleanest and shows the sharpest marker line, and it returns a projected image as a hot spot; a low-gloss surface diffuses the projector so that the board doubles as a projection surface, and it holds marker residue slightly longer. {note}
−## The 21-ounce minimum weight is what separates an institutional-grade vinyl face that closes pinholes for years from a light commodity vinyl that tears at the pin line; specifying the weight, not just "vinyl," is what enforces the difference. {note}
+### Where no gloss level is selected, the manufacturer shall report the 45-degree specular gloss of the surface measured in accordance with ASTM C346 in the product data.
−## Fabric tackboard color, where shown as selected by the Architect, shall be confirmed early enough to accommodate the manufacturer's lead time for non-stock fabrics.
+## Painted Steel {toc}
+### Requirements in this article apply where painted steel is the writing surface indicated.
+
+### The steel sheet shall conform to ASTM A1008/A1008M or ASTM A653/A653M, and the writing coating shall be a factory-applied baked finish formulated for the writing medium indicated.
+
+### The manufacturer shall state in the product data the erasability test method under which the painted surface was evaluated and the number of write-and-erase cycles it completed without ghosting.
+
+## Tempered Glass {toc}
+
+### Requirements in this article apply where tempered glass is the writing surface indicated.
+
+### Glass writing surfaces shall be fully tempered glass conforming to ASTM C1048, Kind FT, fabricated from glass conforming to ASTM C1036, and shall comply with ANSI Z97.1.
+
+### The glass thickness shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Fabric face color source (Type IV)
+label: Glass Writing Surface Thickness
+type: range
+unit: in
+min: 0.1875
+max: 0.25
+setpoints: [0.1875, 0.25]
+default: 0.25
+```
+
+### The glass composition shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Glass Composition
type: radio
options:
− - Manufacturer standard stock color
− - Architect-selected designer fabric
−default: Manufacturer standard stock color
−drawing_ref: "finish schedule"
+ - "Low-iron glass"
+ - "Clear float glass"
+default: "Low-iron glass"
```
−## Custom and designer tackboard fabrics commonly run an 8-to-12-week lead time; a late "as selected by Architect" fabric is a frequent cause of schedule slippage on occupied-building work, so the selection deadline belongs on the submittal schedule, not in the punchlist. {note}
+### Ordinary float glass carries a green cast that turns a white back-paint toward green and shifts every marker color, and low-iron glass removes the cast so that the back-paint reads as the color selected; the cost difference is small against the cost of the board. {note}
−## The tackboard core shall be a rigid laminated assembly faced as specified and shall hold pins without splitting or losing pinning resistance over its service life.
+### Glass edges shall be ground and polished, corners shall be eased, and holes for standoff fasteners shall be drilled and polished before tempering.
−## Where a cellulosic fiberboard core is furnished, it shall conform to ASTM C208 for cellulosic fiber insulating board.
+### The back-paint shall be a factory-applied opaque coating protected by a bonded safety backing, and the color shall be as indicated on the finish schedule under the Writing Surface Material article.
+## Magnetic Writing Surface {toc}
+
+### Only a ferrous backing holds a magnet, so porcelain and painted steel are magnetic by nature, glass is magnetic only when a steel sheet is bonded behind it, and laminate and melamine are not magnetic at all. {note}
+
+### Whether the writing surface is required to hold magnets shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Tackboard core construction
+label: Magnetic Writing Surface
type: radio
options:
− - 5/8 in honeycomb aluminum core
− - Cellulosic fiberboard core (ASTM C208)
− - Particleboard core
−default: 5/8 in honeycomb aluminum core
+ - "Required"
+ - "Not required"
+default: "Required"
```
+### Where a magnetic writing surface is required with a glass surface, a steel sheet not thinner than 24 gauge shall be bonded to the full back of the glass behind the back-paint and safety backing.
+
+### Where a magnetic writing surface is required, laminate and melamine surfaces shall not be furnished unless a steel sheet is bonded behind the full face.
+
+# Tack Surfaces {toc}
+
+## Tack Face Material {toc}
+
+### Natural cork is a resilient pressed-cork sheet that closes small pinholes and shows a warm grain; it marks under moisture and fades in sun. Vinyl-faced cork is cork with a bonded vinyl face that is wipeable and offered in color; it takes a pin as cork does and hides the holes less. Self-healing vinyl is a dense vinyl over a resilient backing that closes its pinholes and washes with disinfectant; it is the face of a healthcare and food service room. Burlap is a woven jute face over a core; it is the lowest cost and the least durable, and it frays at the pin line. Woven polyester fabric is a wrapped textile face in a wide color line that is hook-and-loop receptive as well as pinnable; it stains and cannot be wiped. Recycled polyester fiber board is a dense felted panel that is its own face and core; it takes a pin anywhere, holds its color, and can be cut to shapes, and it is offered in fewer thicknesses. {note}
+
+### The tack face material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Tack Face Material
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Natural cork"
+ - "Vinyl-faced cork"
+ - "Self-healing vinyl"
+ - "Burlap"
+ - "Woven polyester fabric"
+ - "Recycled polyester fiber board"
+```
+
+### Tack face color and pattern shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the finish schedule]].
+
+### Where a tack face is selected from the manufacturer's color line, the Contractor shall obtain the Architect's selection in writing before ordering and shall state on the transmittal the lead time of the selected color.
+
+### Tack faces shall be bonded to the core across the full area with the adhesive the face manufacturer specifies for the core, and a face shall not be attached at the edges alone.
+
+### Tack faces shall be wrapped around the core edges or returned behind the frame so that no raw face edge is exposed within the frame.
+
+## Self-Healing Vinyl Weight {toc}
+
+### Requirements in this article apply where self-healing vinyl is the tack face indicated.
+
+### The weight of the vinyl face per linear yard at the face manufacturer's standard width distinguishes a face that closes pinholes for years from one that tears at the pin line in a season. {note}
+
+### The minimum weight of the self-healing vinyl face shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Minimum Self-Healing Vinyl Face Weight
+type: range
+unit: oz/lin yd
+min: 13
+max: 24
+step: 1
+```
+
+### Where no weight is selected, the manufacturer shall report the weight and the width of the vinyl face in the product data.
+
+### Self-healing vinyl faces shall be washable with the disinfectants the maintenance data lists without loss of color or surface.
+
+## Tack Core Material {toc}
+
+### Cellulosic fiberboard is a wood-fiber board that takes a pin easily and holds it, and it swells in sustained humidity. Particleboard is denser and flatter and resists a pin, so a tack face over particleboard needs its own resilient layer. Aluminum honeycomb is light, flat, and unaffected by humidity, and a pin stops at its face skin. Rigid foam is the lightest and is dented by a hard object through the face. A polyester fiber board needs no separate core at all. {note}
+
+### The tack core material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Tack Core Material
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Cellulosic fiberboard"
+ - "Particleboard"
+ - "Aluminum honeycomb"
+ - "Rigid foam"
+ - "Self-supporting fiber board with no separate core"
+default: "Cellulosic fiberboard"
+```
+
+### Cellulosic fiberboard cores shall conform to ASTM C208.
+
+### Particleboard cores shall conform to ANSI A208.1.
+
+### Tack cores shall accept and hold a push pin or map tack over the full face without splitting or losing holding resistance through the service life of the unit.
+
+### Tack cores shall be backed with a moisture barrier of aluminum foil, steel sheet, or sealed hardboard across the full back face.
+
+# Markerboard Core and Backing {toc}
+
+## Aluminum honeycomb is light and stays flat under humidity swings, and it is the core that lets a large porcelain unit be hung by two installers. Particleboard is the core of most porcelain units; it is flat, inexpensive, and heavy, and it swells where humidity is sustained. Medium-density fiberboard is denser and flatter than particleboard and heavier still. Rigid foam is the lightest core and the one that dents under a point load through a thin face. {note}
+
+## The markerboard core material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Markerboard Core Material
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Aluminum honeycomb"
+ - "Particleboard"
+ - "Medium-density fiberboard"
+ - "Rigid foam"
+```
+
+## Particleboard cores shall conform to ANSI A208.1, and medium-density fiberboard cores shall conform to ANSI A208.2.
+
+## The writing surface shall be laminated to the core across its full area under pressure with the adhesive the surface manufacturer specifies for the core.
+
+## Markerboard cores shall be backed with a sheet of aluminum foil, galvanized steel, or sealed hardboard bonded across the full back face so that the assembly is balanced against moisture movement.
+
+## The core thickness and the backing shall be those the manufacturer publishes for the unit size, and the assembled unit shall meet the flatness tolerance stated under the Writing Surface Material article at the largest size scheduled.
+
# Combination Units {toc}
−## A combination unit places a markerboard and a tackboard in one frame, side by side or stacked, so a single elevation covers both functions; it is specified as one assembly to keep the frame, trim, and accessories continuous across the two surfaces. {note}
+## A combination unit sets a markerboard and a tackboard in one continuous frame so that one wall carries both functions with one trim line, and the unit is specified as one assembly so that the frame, the tray, and the rail run through both panels without a break. {note}
−## A combination unit shall be furnished as a single factory assembly with a continuous frame spanning both the markerboard and tackboard panels.
+## A combination unit shall be furnished as a single factory assembly with a frame continuous across the markerboard and tackboard panels and a divider bar of the frame material between them.
−## The markerboard and tackboard panels within a combination unit shall each meet the surface and core requirements of their respective sections of this standard.
+## The markerboard and tackboard panels of a combination unit shall each meet the face, core, and backing requirements of this standard for a unit of that type.
+## The arrangement of the panels within each combination unit shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Combination unit panel arrangement
−type: radio
+label: Combination Unit Panel Arrangement
+type: select
+drawing_ref: "the interior elevations"
options:
− - Side-by-side (markerboard and tackboard horizontal)
− - Stacked (markerboard over tackboard)
− - Markerboard center with tackboard ends
−default: Side-by-side (markerboard and tackboard horizontal)
−drawing_ref: "interior elevations"
+ - "Markerboard and tackboard side by side"
+ - "Markerboard centered between two tackboard panels"
+ - "Tackboard centered between two markerboard panels"
+ - "Tackboard above markerboard"
+default: deferred
```
+## The marker tray of a combination unit shall run the width of the markerboard panel only unless the interior elevations show it continuous.
+
+# Frames and Trim {toc}
+
+## Frame Material {toc}
+
+### Extruded aluminum is the frame of nearly every unit line; it is light, straight, anodized or painted in a stock range, and joined with mitered corners. Stainless steel is heavier and costlier and resists the disinfectant and impact of a healthcare or detention room. Solid hardwood matches wood casework and trim and moves with humidity. A frameless unit, a glass sheet with polished edges on standoffs or a porcelain sheet with a wrapped edge, shows no frame at all and exposes its edge to impact. {note}
+
+### The frame and trim material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Markerboard-to-tackboard width ratio
−type: radio
+label: Frame and Trim Material
+type: select
options:
− - Predominantly markerboard
− - Equal split
− - Predominantly tackboard
−default: Predominantly markerboard
+ - "Extruded aluminum"
+ - "Stainless steel"
+ - "Solid hardwood"
+ - "No frame, edge-finished or standoff-mounted"
+default: "Extruded aluminum"
```
−# Frames, Trim, and Accessories {toc}
+### Aluminum frame and trim members shall be extruded from alloy 6063 conforming to ASTM B221 and shall be straight within 1/16 in. in 8 ft.
−## The frame and trim are the visible edge of every unit and the part most often left to default; an anodized-clear aluminum frame reads silver, which may or may not be the intended look against the room's millwork and wall color, so the finish is a coordinated selection rather than an afterthought. {note}
+### Stainless steel frame and trim members shall be formed from sheet conforming to ASTM A240/A240M, Type 304, with a No. 4 directional finish.
−## Aluminum frame and trim extrusions shall be Alloy 6063 conforming to ASTM B221.
+### Hardwood frame members shall be kiln-dried solid stock of a single species with a factory-applied finish, and the species and finish shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the finish schedule]].
−## Anodized aluminum frame and trim shall receive a clear architectural anodic finish, Class II minimum (0.010 mm), conforming to AAMA 611.
+### Frame corners shall be mitered or butted to a hairline joint and mechanically joined with concealed corner keys or splines, and a corner joint shall not be glued alone.
+### Frame members shall be of one profile throughout the units of a given type, and the profile shall be the manufacturer's standard for the unit type.
+
+## Aluminum Frame Finish {toc}
+
+### A clear anodized finish is the natural silver of the aluminum sealed in an anodic film and is the finish of nearly every stock unit; a color anodized finish gives a bronze or black that is part of the metal and cannot chip; an organic coating gives any color the room needs, matched to casework or wall, and it can be scratched through to bare metal. {note}
+
+### The finish on aluminum frame and trim shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Frame and trim finish
−type: radio
+label: Aluminum Frame and Trim Finish
+type: select
options:
− - Clear anodized aluminum (AAMA 611 Class II)
− - Painted aluminum (color as scheduled)
− - Satin stainless steel
− - Wood veneer (species as scheduled)
−default: Clear anodized aluminum (AAMA 611 Class II)
−drawing_ref: "finish schedule"
+ - "Clear anodized"
+ - "Color anodized"
+ - "Factory-applied organic coating"
+default: "Clear anodized"
```
−## Clear anodized Class II is the 80-percent-case default frame finish; painted aluminum to match millwork is a legitimate choice but requires an early color selection and may extend lead time, so it is a deliberate decision rather than a substitution at submittal. {note}
+### The color of a color anodized or organic-coated frame shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the finish schedule]].
−## A marker or chalk tray shall be furnished with each markerboard unless the Contract Documents specifically omit it.
+### Anodized finishes shall conform to AAMA 611 at the anodic coating class indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
−label: Tray shelf
+label: Anodic Coating Class, AAMA 611
type: radio
options:
− - Continuous marker tray (full width)
− - Continuous chalk tray (full width)
− - No tray
−default: Continuous marker tray (full width)
+ - "Class I"
+ - "Class II"
+default: "Class II"
```
−## The marker tray is the accessory most often assumed and least often specified; it is listed as an "accessory" in manufacturer literature, so a board ordered without explicitly calling out the tray arrives without one and becomes a punchlist item. {note}
+### A Class II anodic coating is the interior architectural grade and the finish of stock aluminum frames; a Class I coating is thicker and is the grade exterior work and heavy-wear rails are finished to, at a longer lead time on a stock frame. {note}
−## A display rail (map rail) is a hook-bearing extrusion for hanging maps and charts; a projection screen receiver is a track for a roll-down screen — they look similar at the top of a display wall, so each shall be specified explicitly to the function it serves. {note}
+### Organic coatings on aluminum shall conform to the AAMA performance specification indicated in the datasheet.
−## Where a map or display rail is shown, it shall be furnished as a continuous extrusion with map hooks and, where scheduled, a cork insert strip.
+```datasheet
+label: Organic Coating Performance on Aluminum, AAMA
+type: select
+options:
+ - "AAMA 2603"
+ - "AAMA 2604"
+ - "AAMA 2605"
+default: "AAMA 2603"
+```
−## Where a projection screen receiver is shown at the head of a display wall, it shall be furnished as a continuous mounting track sized for the screen specified under the audiovisual scope, and shall not be substituted by a map rail.
+### AAMA 2603 is a baked enamel or powder coating for interior service that holds color in a room; AAMA 2604 is a higher-performance coating that holds color and gloss under sun and weather for several years and is the grade of an exterior cabinet frame; AAMA 2605 is a fluoropolymer coating that holds under weather for a decade and costs the most and is offered on few display frames. {note}
+### Where the service exposure indicated is an exterior location, aluminum frames and trim shall be anodized to Class I or coated to AAMA 2604 or AAMA 2605.
+
+## Marker Tray {toc}
+
+### A full-width tray holds markers and erasers anywhere along the board and catches chalk dust along the full edge; a short box tray holds the same items at one place and leaves the lower frame line clean; no tray at all suits a glass board or a board above casework, where the tray would project into the room or into the counter. {note}
+
+### The marker tray shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Top-of-unit accessory rail
−type: checkbox
+label: Marker Tray
+type: select
options:
− - Map / display rail with hooks
− - Cork insert strip
− - Projection screen receiver track
− - End map hooks
+ - "Full-width continuous tray"
+ - "Short box tray"
+ - "No tray"
+default: "Full-width continuous tray"
```
−# Bulletin Board Cabinets {toc}
+### Trays shall be extruded of the frame material and finish, shall have molded or formed end closures with rounded corners, and shall be attached to the frame with concealed fasteners.
−## A bulletin board cabinet is a tackboard behind a glazed, lockable door — a display case for posting notices that must stay put, used in corridors, lobbies, and controlled-information locations where an open tackboard would invite tampering. {note}
+### A tray shall not project more than 2-1/2 in. from the face of the writing surface, and a tray mounted on a unit whose bottom edge is below 27 in. above the finished floor shall have no sharp edge or corner.
−## A bulletin board cabinet shall be furnished as a complete assembly comprising a tackboard back panel, a frame, a glazed swinging or sliding door, and locking hardware.
+### Chalkboard trays shall have a dust lip or a perforated or grooved floor that holds chalk dust off the floor.
−## The cabinet glazing shall be tempered glass where the cabinet is located within 10 feet of an operable window, a skylight, or other high-ultraviolet or impact-prone location.
+# Display Rails and Accessories {toc}
+## Display Rail Provision {toc}
+
+### A display rail is an extrusion along the head of a unit that carries sliding hooks for maps, charts, and posted sheets, and most carry a tackable insert strip between the hook flanges; it adds a tackable band above a markerboard and a hook line at reach height, and it adds projection and a line of hardware to a room that wants a plain head. {note}
+
+### Whether a display rail is furnished at the head of markerboards and combination units shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Bulletin board cabinet glazing
+label: Display Rail at the Head of Units
type: radio
options:
− - Tempered glass
− - Acrylic
−default: Acrylic
+ - "Furnished on every markerboard and combination unit"
+ - "Furnished only on the units the interior elevations show with a rail"
+ - "Not furnished"
```
−## Acrylic glazing is acceptable in interior, low-UV locations but yellows and scratches under ultraviolet exposure; tempered glass is required near windows and skylights for both clarity retention and impact resistance. {note}
+### Display rails shall be continuous extrusions of the frame material and finish for the full width of the unit, with end stops that retain the hooks.
−## Where locking hardware is specified for a bulletin board cabinet and electric latching is required, the electric strike shall conform to ANSI/BHMA A156.31.
+## Display Rail Insert {toc}
+### Requirements in this article apply where display rails are furnished.
+
+### The insert strip between the hook flanges of the display rail shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Bulletin board cabinet locking
+label: Display Rail Insert
type: radio
options:
− - Keyed cam lock
− - Keyed cylinder lock
− - Electric strike (ANSI/BHMA A156.31)
− - No lock
−default: Keyed cam lock
+ - "Natural cork insert"
+ - "Vinyl-faced cork insert"
+ - "No insert, hook flanges only"
```
−# Panel Systems {toc}
+### A cork insert takes a push pin along the full rail and shows its grain; a vinyl-faced insert matches the tackboard color and wipes clean; a rail with no insert is a hook track only and the narrowest profile of the three. {note}
−## Panel systems trade a fixed board for flexibility: a modular rail lets markerboard and tackboard panels be swapped or rearranged, and a sliding multi-panel track multiplies writing surface in a fixed wall width by overlapping panels that slide aside. Both introduce structural and accessibility demands a fixed board does not. {note}
+### Insert strips shall be continuous for the rail length and shall be replaceable without removing the rail.
−## A modular support-rail system shall be furnished with a continuous wall-mounted extrusion and interchangeable markerboard and tackboard panels that clip or slide onto the rail.
+## Rail Accessories {toc}
−## The assembled projection of a modular rail system, measured from the wall plane to the outermost panel face, shall be verified against the 4-inch ADA protrusion limit for any portion mounted between 27 inches and 80 inches above the finished floor.
+### The accessories furnished with display rails shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## A sliding multi-panel system shall be furnished with a wall-mounted track sized for the number of overlapping panels scheduled and shall operate smoothly across its full travel.
+```datasheet
+label: Display Rail Accessories Furnished
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Sliding map hooks"
+ - "Roller map hooks for spring-roller maps"
+ - "Flag holder"
+ - "Marker and eraser holder clipped to the rail"
+ - "End stops at each rail end"
+default:
+ - "Sliding map hooks"
+ - "End stops at each rail end"
+```
−## Sliding-panel and folding-panel systems hang their weight from a top track, which requires structural header blocking at the top of travel; if that blocking is not shown on the structural or framing drawings it surfaces as an RFI at rough-in, after the wall is closed. {note}
+### Not fewer than two sliding map hooks shall be furnished for each 4 ft of rail or fraction of it, and the hooks shall slide the full rail length without lifting.
−## The panel system type shall be specified, and structural header blocking shall be shown on the framing drawings where a sliding or folding system is selected.
+### Accessories shall be of the frame material or of a molded polymer in a color the manufacturer offers to match the rail, and shall be removable without a tool.
+# Mounting {toc}
+
+## Mounting Method {toc}
+
+### A surface-mounted unit on concealed hangers hangs on clips or a spline fastened to the backing and shows no fastener; the same unit with exposed fasteners is screwed through the frame to the backing and is the simplest to install and to take down. A recessed unit sits within a framed opening so that its face is flush with or just proud of the wall, at the cost of the opening and a trim that covers its edge. A standoff-mounted unit, which is how a frameless glass board is hung, is fastened through holes in the face on exposed barrel standoffs. A rail-hung panel is one of several interchangeable panels carried on a continuous wall rail and is treated under the Panel Systems section. {note}
+
+### The mounting method of wall-mounted units shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Panel system type
+label: Mounting Method of Wall-Mounted Units
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Surface-mounted on concealed hangers or spline"
+ - "Surface-mounted with exposed through-frame fasteners"
+ - "Recessed in a framed wall opening"
+ - "Standoff-mounted through the face"
+ - "Panel hung on a continuous wall rail"
+default: "Surface-mounted on concealed hangers or spline"
+```
+
+### Concealed hangers shall engage the full width of the unit at the top and shall lock the unit against lifting off the wall, and the bottom of the unit shall be secured to the backing with concealed clips or with fasteners behind the tray.
+
+### Exposed fasteners shall be of the frame finish, shall be spaced not more than 24 in. apart along each frame member, and shall be of a security head type where the Service Exposure section requires it.
+
+### A recessed unit shall be set in a rough opening framed by the wall trades to the unit's published rough-opening dimension, with its trim covering the joint to the wall finish on all sides.
+
+### Standoff-mounted glass shall be hung on not fewer than four standoffs through factory-drilled holes, with resilient grommets isolating the glass from the fastener, and the standoff fasteners shall engage backing or structure.
+
+### Fasteners and anchors shall be selected for the substrate they engage, using screws into backing in framed walls and expansion or screw anchors in masonry and concrete, and toggle anchors and plastic anchors engaging gypsum board alone shall not be used.
+
+## Mounting Height and Location {toc}
+
+### The mounting height to the bottom of the frame of each unit shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the interior elevations]].
+
+### Where the interior elevations show a unit above casework, the bottom of the frame or tray shall clear the countertop and backsplash by the dimension the elevations show, and the Contractor shall confirm the casework height in the field before the unit is hung.
+
+### Where the interior elevations show adjacent units in one run, the top edges of the frames shall align within 1/16 in. and the joint between units shall not exceed 1/8 in.
+
+# Panel Systems {toc}
+
+## Sliding Panel Units {toc}
+
+### A sliding panel unit hangs two or more panels in a track so that they pass one another, which multiplies the writing surface a fixed wall width can carry; a horizontal unit slides its panels side to side on a top-hung track, and a vertical unit raises and lowers counterbalanced panels in side channels so that a seated writer and a standing one reach the same board. Both hang their full weight from a header or side channel, both add the thickness of every panel to the projection, and both carry moving parts that a fixed board does not. {note}
+
+### The sliding panel arrangement shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Sliding Panel Arrangement
type: radio
options:
− - Fixed single panel (no system)
− - Modular interchangeable-panel rail
− - Sliding multi-panel track (2 to 4 panels)
− - Folding multi-panel
−default: Fixed single panel (no system)
−drawing_ref: "interior elevations"
+ - "Horizontal sliding panels on a top-hung track"
+ - "Vertical sliding counterbalanced panels in side channels"
+default: "Horizontal sliding panels on a top-hung track"
```
+### The number of sliding panels in each unit shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Sliding system panel count
+label: Sliding Panels per Unit
type: range
unit: panels
+drawing_ref: "the interior elevations"
min: 2
−max: 4
+max: 6
step: 1
−default: 2
+default: deferred
```
−# Portable Visual Display Units {toc}
+### Horizontal sliding panels shall hang from nylon or ball-bearing rollers in an extruded aluminum track with a continuous bottom guide, and each panel shall travel the full track length without binding or contacting an adjacent panel face.
−## A portable unit is a freestanding board on a base or casters, specified where the program needs a writing surface that moves between rooms or rolls out of the way; it carries no wall-mounting or blocking obligations but shares the same surface-material logic as a fixed board. {note}
+### Vertical sliding panels shall be counterbalanced so that a panel of the largest size scheduled is raised and lowered with a force not exceeding 5 lbf and holds at any position in its travel.
−## A portable visual display unit shall be furnished as a freestanding floor-standing assembly with a stable base and, where scheduled, locking casters.
+### Each sliding panel shall have a pull or finger grip within the reach range stated under the Accessible Reach and Protrusion section and operable with one hand.
−## A double-sided portable unit shall provide an independently specified writing or tackable surface on each face.
+### Each sliding panel shall meet the face, core, backing, and flatness requirements of this standard for a unit of its type, and the fixed back panel of the unit shall meet them as well.
+### The track, header, and side channels shall be anchored to continuous backing or structure sized for the weight of every panel in the unit, and the Contractor shall furnish that weight to the wall trades under the blocking schedule.
+
+## Rail-Hung Modular Panels {toc}
+
+### A rail-hung system carries interchangeable markerboard, tackboard, and shelf panels on a continuous horizontal rail fastened to the wall, so that the Owner rearranges a wall without a tool and replaces one panel without touching the rest; the rail and the hanger add to the projection of every panel, and a panel that hangs on a rail can be lifted off by anyone. {note}
+
+### The rail of a rail-hung system shall be a continuous extruded aluminum member anchored to backing at the spacing the manufacturer publishes for the heaviest panel the rail carries, and shall be level within 1/16 in. in 8 ft.
+
+### Rail-hung panels shall engage the rail along their full width and shall be retained against lifting off by a positive catch or lock where the Service Exposure section indicates an unsupervised or correctional location.
+
+### The assembled projection of a rail-hung panel, measured from the finished wall to the panel face, shall be stated on the shop drawings and shall meet the protruding object limit stated under the Accessible Reach and Protrusion section.
+
+# Mobile Units {toc}
+
+## A mobile unit is a framed panel on a floor stand with casters, specified where a room needs a writing surface that moves between spaces or rolls clear of a wall; a single-sided unit carries one face, a double-sided unit carries a face on each side of a fixed panel, and a reversible unit carries a panel that pivots in its stand so that either face can be turned to the room without moving the stand. {note}
+
+## The mobile unit configuration shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Portable unit configuration
−type: radio
+label: Mobile Unit Configuration
+type: select
options:
− - Single-sided markerboard on casters
− - Double-sided markerboard on casters
− - Markerboard one side, tackboard other side
− - Floor easel
−default: Double-sided markerboard on casters
+ - "Single-sided fixed panel"
+ - "Double-sided fixed panel"
+ - "Double-sided reversible pivoting panel"
```
+## The face on each side of a mobile unit shall be as indicated on [[drawing: the visual display unit schedule]].
+
+## Mobile units shall have a welded or bolted steel or aluminum stand with not fewer than four casters, of which not fewer than two shall lock, and the casters shall be of a non-marking tread suited to the floor finish.
+
+## A reversible panel shall lock in each position with a positive latch, and the panel shall not pivot under its own weight when the latch is released.
+
+## A mobile unit shall remain upright with its casters unlocked when the panel is pivoted through its full travel, and where the parties disagree whether a unit is stable the Architect shall make the initial determination.
+
+## Mobile units shall have a marker tray on each writing face unless the datasheet selects no tray under the Marker Tray article.
+
+# Bulletin Board Cabinets {toc}
+
+## Cabinet Doors {toc}
+
+### A bulletin board cabinet encloses a tackboard behind glazed doors so that posted notices stay where they were posted; hinged doors open fully and need swing clearance in the corridor, and sliding doors need no swing and leave half the board behind a door at any time. {note}
+
+### The cabinet door type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Portable unit base
+label: Bulletin Board Cabinet Door Type
type: radio
options:
− - Locking swivel casters
− - Fixed glides
− - Tripod easel legs
−default: Locking swivel casters
+ - "Hinged swinging doors"
+ - "Horizontal sliding doors"
```
−# Sizes and Configuration {toc}
+### Hinged doors shall swing not less than 90 degrees on concealed or continuous hinges, and a door wider than 36 in. shall be divided into two leaves.
−## Visual display units are sold in a small set of standard module sizes that align with classroom and conference-room walls; specifying a standard module avoids the cost and lead-time penalty of a custom size, while a custom size is reserved for walls that genuinely cannot accept a standard module. {note}
+### Sliding doors shall run in a top and bottom track with a stop at each end, and each door shall be removable from the track for reglazing without removing the cabinet.
−## Units shall be furnished in the standard module width and height scheduled, with custom sizes used only where a standard module cannot fit the available wall.
+### Doors shall be glazed in resilient channel or gasket so that the glazing does not contact the frame metal.
+## Cabinet Glazing {toc}
+
+### Tempered glass stays clear and scratch-free for the life of the cabinet and breaks into small pieces when it is broken; acrylic is light and clear and scratches under cleaning and yellows under sun; polycarbonate resists impact better than either and scratches most readily and is the glazing of an unsupervised or correctional location. {note}
+
+### The cabinet glazing shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Unit width
+label: Bulletin Board Cabinet Glazing
type: select
−unit: in
options:
− - "36"
− - "48"
− - "60"
− - "72"
− - "96"
− - "120"
− - "144"
− - "Custom"
−default: "96"
−drawing_ref: "interior elevations"
+ - "Tempered glass"
+ - "Acrylic"
+ - "Polycarbonate"
```
+### Tempered glass glazing shall conform to ASTM C1048, Kind FT, and shall comply with ANSI Z97.1.
+
+### Plastic glazing shall be of a thickness not less than 1/8 in., shall have an abrasion-resistant coating where the manufacturer offers one, and shall be of a light-transmitting grade that does not yellow under the interior lighting at the location.
+
+## Cabinet Locks and Keying {toc}
+
+### A cam lock is the lock of nearly every cabinet line and is opened with a flat key; a cylinder lock accepts the building's keyway so that the facilities staff carry one key for the cabinets and the doors; a cabinet without a lock is an open notice board behind glass. {note}
+
+### The cabinet lock shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Unit height
+label: Bulletin Board Cabinet Lock
type: select
−unit: in
options:
− - "36"
− - "42"
− - "48"
− - "Custom"
−default: "48"
−drawing_ref: "interior elevations"
+ - "Keyed cam lock"
+ - "Keyed cylinder lock in the building keyway"
+ - "No lock"
+default: "Keyed cam lock"
```
−## The 96-inch by 48-inch unit is the 80-percent-case classroom and conference-room module; widths of 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 120, and 144 inches and heights of 36, 42, and 48 inches are the standard catalog range. {note}
+### Cabinet locks shall conform to ANSI/BHMA A156.11.
−## The mounting type shall be specified, coordinated with the unit size scheduled so the assembly fits the available wall.
+### Where a cylinder lock in the building keyway is indicated, the Contractor shall obtain the keyway and the cylinder from the party furnishing the building's door hardware and shall install it in the cabinet before closeout.
+### Keyed cabinets shall be keyed as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Mounting type
+label: Bulletin Board Cabinet Keying
type: radio
options:
− - Surface-mounted
− - Recessed (flush to wall plane)
− - Modular support rail
− - Portable (freestanding)
−default: Surface-mounted
−drawing_ref: "interior elevations"
+ - "All cabinets keyed alike throughout the project"
+ - "Keyed alike within each building"
+ - "Keyed different, one key per cabinet"
+default: "All cabinets keyed alike throughout the project"
```
−# Coordination, Blocking, and Backing {toc}
+### One key for every cabinet is what the staff who post the notices carry, and a cabinet keyed differently from the rest is the one that stays out of date; keying each cabinet separately serves a building in which different departments control different boards. {note}
−## A visual display unit is only as well-mounted as the wall behind it, and the heaviest units fail the most quietly: a large-format glass markerboard can exceed 10 pounds per square foot and will pull out of unreinforced gypsum board, so the blocking is part of the specification, not an installer's improvisation. {note}
+### Not fewer than two keys shall be furnished for each keying group, and keys shall be delivered to the Owner with the closeout submittals.
−## Continuous wood or steel blocking shall be provided in the wall framing at every wall-mounted unit, coordinated with the gypsum board assembly trade ([[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]]) before the wall is closed.
+## Cabinet Header Panel {toc}
−## Blocking and backing for heavy units — large-format glass markerboards and stacked panel systems — shall be sized for the unit's actual weight rather than for a generic light fixture, and the required blocking shall be shown on the framing drawings.
+### Whether a header panel is furnished above the doors of each cabinet shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## Structural header blocking shall be provided at the top of travel of every sliding or folding panel system to carry the panel weight from the track.
+```datasheet
+label: Bulletin Board Cabinet Header Panel
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Header panel furnished with lettering"
+ - "No header panel"
+```
−## Coordinating blocking late, by addendum, is the classic miss on this section; the blocking requirement is cheap to show on the framing drawings and expensive to add after the wall is rocked, so it is coordinated at framing, not at trim-out. {note}
+### A header panel carries the name of the department or the board above the glass as part of the cabinet frame, which keeps the title off the tack surface; a cabinet without a header is a plain glazed frame whose title, if any, is posted inside. {note}
−# Installation {toc}
+### Where a header panel is furnished, the lettering copy, size, and color shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the interior elevations]], and the characters shall be factory-applied vinyl or dimensional letters of the frame finish.
−## Units shall be installed plumb, level, and true to the lines and elevations shown, with the writing or display surface in a single plane across multi-panel runs.
+## Cabinet Illumination {toc}
−## Units shall be anchored to the coordinated blocking or backing with the fasteners specified by the manufacturer for the substrate.
+### Whether each cabinet is internally illuminated shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## Units shall not rely on gypsum-board anchors alone where blocking is required.
+```datasheet
+label: Bulletin Board Cabinet Illumination
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Not illuminated"
+ - "Internally illuminated with a concealed LED source"
+default: "Not illuminated"
+```
−## Mounting heights shall match the interior elevations and shall satisfy the accessibility reach and protrusion limits established in the Regulatory and Accessibility Requirements section.
+### An illuminated cabinet lights the posted material in a corridor the building keeps dim and is read from a distance, at the cost of a branch circuit at every cabinet and a listing for the assembly; a non-illuminated cabinet is lit by the corridor and needs no electrical work. {note}
−## Field-cutting or field-drilling of porcelain-enamel or glass writing surfaces is prohibited; units requiring penetrations shall be factory-fabricated to the required configuration.
+### Internally illuminated cabinets shall be listed as an assembly by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, shall have a concealed LED source with a driver accessible from inside the cabinet, and shall be wired in accordance with NFPA 70.
−## A porcelain or glass surface that is drilled or cut in the field cracks the fired enamel or the temper and voids the warranty; any required cutout is a factory operation, which is why the configuration must be finalized before fabrication rather than adjusted on site. {note}
+### The branch circuit, the outlet box, and the conductors serving each illuminated cabinet shall be furnished under [[sync/conductors-and-cables]] and [[sync/raceways-and-conduit]], and the Contractor shall furnish the box location and the electrical rating of each cabinet to the electrical trade before the wall is closed.
−## Adjacent units intended to read as a continuous run shall be installed with consistent, hairline joints and aligned trim.
+### The tack face and core of a cabinet shall meet the Tack Surfaces section of this standard, and the cabinet body shall be of the frame material and finish indicated for the project.
−# Cleaning and Protection {toc}
+# Accessible Reach and Protrusion {toc}
−## Units shall be protected from damage and from construction dust and overspray after installation and until Substantial Completion.
+## A wall-mounted unit is a protruding object once its leading edge sits in the height band the accessibility standard regulates, and a sliding panel unit or a rail-hung system is the usual offender: each panel, its rollers, and the track add to the projection, so an assembly whose panels are each thin can still project past the limit. {note}
−## Protective coverings and any factory-applied film shall be removed and the writing and display surfaces cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions immediately before Substantial Completion.
+## A unit with its leading edge between 27 in. and 80 in. above the finished floor shall not project more than 4 in. from the finished wall into a circulation path, in accordance with ICC A117.1 Section 307 and the 2010 ADA Standards Section 307.
−## The wrong cleaner ruins the right surface: abrasive pads and solvent cleaners that are fine on one surface scratch or dull another, so the cleaning agents permitted and prohibited for each surface are carried in the maintenance data rather than left to the custodial staff to discover. {note}
+## Where a sliding panel unit, a rail-hung system, or a cabinet would project more than 4 in. into a circulation path, it shall be recessed, or its bottom edge shall be set at or below 27 in. above the finished floor, or a cane-detectable element shall be provided below it, as the Architect directs.
+## Every operable part a user must reach on a unit along an accessible route, including sliding panel pulls, cabinet latches and locks, display rail hooks, and mobile unit panel latches, shall be located within the reach range of ICC A117.1 Section 308 and the 2010 ADA Standards Section 308 for the approach at that unit.
+
+## Every operable part shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, and with a force of not more than 5 lbf.
+
+## Where [[parameter: adopted-building-code]] or the Owner's program designates a unit as accessible for writing, the bottom of the writing surface shall be set at the height the interior elevations show for that unit and not higher than 36 in. above the finished floor.
+
+# Structural and Seismic Anchorage {toc}
+
+## A 4 ft by 8 ft porcelain unit on a particleboard core weighs on the order of 100 lb and a glass unit of the same size weighs more, and a sliding unit hangs the weight of every panel from one header; each of those is a nonstructural component whose anchorage and, in a seismic region, whose restraint are designed to its weight and height rather than to a generic picture hook. {note}
+
+## Every wall-mounted unit, track, rail, and cabinet shall be anchored to backing or structure sized to carry its weight with the manufacturer's published fasteners at the manufacturer's published spacing.
+
+## Where [[parameter: seismic-design-category]] requires anchorage of nonstructural components under ASCE/SEI 7 Chapter 13, wall-mounted units heavier than the exemption weight that chapter sets, and every sliding panel unit and rail-hung system, shall be anchored to resist the seismic design forces determined in accordance with that chapter.
+
+## Where seismic anchorage is required, the anchorage shall be installed in accordance with details prepared by the manufacturer or by an engineer licensed in the jurisdiction, and the Contractor shall submit those details with the shop drawings.
+
+## Where the parties disagree whether a given unit falls within the seismic anchorage requirement, the Structural Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.
+
# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
−## Units shall be delivered in the manufacturer's protective packaging, with each unit labeled to identify its type, size, and intended location.
+## A porcelain or glass face damaged before installation cannot be repaired to match, and a core that takes on moisture in storage warps before the face is ever written on. {note}
−## Units shall be stored flat or on edge as directed by the manufacturer, indoors, protected from moisture, and not stacked in a manner that distorts the writing surface or dents the frame.
+## Units shall be delivered in the manufacturer's protective packaging with the face protected by a film or a cover sheet, each unit labeled with its mark on the visual display unit schedule.
−## Glass markerboards shall be handled and stored on edge in protective crating until installation to avoid surface contact damage and edge chipping.
+## Units shall be stored inside a weathertight, conditioned space, flat on a level surface or on edge on padded supports as the manufacturer directs, off the floor, and shall not be stacked with a tray, a rail, or a fastener bearing on a face.
−# Warranty {toc}
+## Glass units shall be stored on edge in their shipping crates until the day they are hung.
−## Surface warranty length is the clearest signal of surface quality, and the spread is large — a half-century for porcelain, a decade for glass, a few years for melamine; specifying the warranty makes the lifecycle-cost argument concrete rather than rhetorical. {note}
+## Units shall not be delivered until the wet trades in the space are complete and the space is at the temperature and humidity at which it will be occupied.
−## The manufacturer shall warrant each writing surface against defects in material and workmanship for the period appropriate to the specified surface, and shall furnish the executed warranty as a closeout submittal.
+## Components damaged in delivery, storage, or handling shall be replaced at the Contractor's cost, and a cracked porcelain or glass face shall not be repaired.
−## Porcelain-enamel-on-steel writing surfaces shall carry a manufacturer's surface warranty of not less than 50 years; tempered-glass surfaces not less than 10 years.
+# Installation {toc}
+## Backing Verification {toc}
+
+### Backing is placed by the wall trades from the anchor patterns, weights, and mounting heights this standard hands them, and a wall closed with the backing in the wrong place is the same as a wall closed with no backing at all. {note}
+
+### Before the walls are closed, the Contractor shall verify that backing has been installed at every wall-mounted unit, track, rail, and cabinet location at the height and extent the anchor pattern requires.
+
+### Where backing is missing or mislocated, the Contractor shall notify the Architect in writing before the wall is closed and shall not anchor a unit to gypsum board alone at that location.
+
+### After the walls are finished, the Contractor shall locate the concealed backing from the marks or the record framing drawings that [[sync/gypsum-board-assemblies]] requires before drilling.
+
+## Setting and Alignment {toc}
+
+### Units shall be installed plumb, level, and square, at the mounting heights on the visual display unit schedule, with the manufacturer's hangers and the fasteners furnished with each unit.
+
+### Units shall be set with the face in a single plane and the frame tight to the wall, and a unit shall not be sprung, shimmed at the face, or forced into alignment by its fasteners.
+
+### Where the wall is out of plane by more than the frame can take up, the Contractor shall shim behind the hangers and report the condition to the Architect before the unit is hung.
+
+### Porcelain enamel and glass faces shall not be cut, drilled, or notched in the field, and a unit that requires a cutout or a hole shall be factory-fabricated to that configuration.
+
+### Trays, rails, hooks, and accessories shall be installed after the units are anchored and aligned, and a tray or rail spanning adjacent units shall be continuous across them or jointed only at a unit joint.
+
+### Sliding panels shall be hung, adjusted, and run through their full travel, and every panel shall slide or raise with the force stated under the Panel Systems section and hold its position.
+
+### Cabinet doors shall be adjusted so that they close fully, lock at full throw, and swing or slide without contacting the frame or the glazing of an adjacent door.
+
+## Cleaning and Protection {toc}
+
+### The protective film shall remain on each face until final cleaning and shall be removed without leaving adhesive residue.
+
+### Each face shall be cleaned at completion with the agent and the method the manufacturer's maintenance data permits, and a porcelain or glass surface shall be conditioned for first use by the manufacturer's published procedure.
+
+### Abrasive pads, abrasive cleaners, and solvent cleaners the maintenance data excludes shall not be used on any face, and a face so cleaned shall be replaced at the Contractor's cost.
+
+### Units shall be protected from construction dust, overspray, and impact after installation until substantial completion.
+
+# Field Verification {toc}
+
+## The field demonstrations performed before acceptance shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Markerboard surface warranty period
−type: radio
+label: Field Demonstrations Required
+type: checkbox
options:
− - "50 years (porcelain enamel on steel)"
− - "10 years (tempered glass)"
− - "5 years (painted steel)"
− - "1 to 5 years (melamine)"
−default: "50 years (porcelain enamel on steel)"
+ - "Mounting height of every unit measured against the schedule"
+ - "Projection of every unit in a circulation path measured against the protruding object limit"
+ - "Full-travel operation of every sliding panel unit"
+ - "Door, lock, and key operation of every cabinet"
+ - "Illumination of every illuminated cabinet"
+ - "Pull-down and roll test of every mobile unit"
+ - "Write-and-erase test on one unit of each writing surface"
+default:
+ - "Mounting height of every unit measured against the schedule"
+ - "Projection of every unit in a circulation path measured against the protruding object limit"
+ - "Full-travel operation of every sliding panel unit"
+ - "Door, lock, and key operation of every cabinet"
```
−## The manufacturer shall warrant frames, trim, and accessories against defects in material and workmanship for not less than one year from Substantial Completion.
+## Before substantial completion, the Contractor shall measure the mounting height and the projection of every wall-mounted unit against the visual display unit schedule and the Accessible Reach and Protrusion section, and shall record the measurements in the field verification record.
+## The Contractor shall operate every sliding panel, every cabinet door and lock, every reversible mobile panel, and every illuminated cabinet in the presence of the Architect and shall demonstrate that each operates as this standard requires.
+
+## Where a write-and-erase test is indicated, the Contractor shall write on one unit of each writing surface with the medium indicated, leave the writing for 24 hours, and erase it dry, and the surface shall show no ghost image or residue.
+
+## Units found out of position, out of plane, loose, or failing a demonstration shall be corrected by the Contractor at no cost to the Owner before substantial completion, including the cost of patching the finish at a former location.
+
+# Warranty {toc}
+
+## Surface warranty length is the clearest signal of surface quality, and the spread is wide: porcelain enamel is commonly warranted for the life of the building, glass for a decade or more, painted steel and laminate for a few years, and melamine for one or two. {note}
+
+## The writing surface warranty period, measured from substantial completion, shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Writing Surface Warranty Period
+type: range
+unit: yr
+min: 1
+max: 50
+setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50]
+```
+
+## The manufacturer shall warrant each writing surface against ghosting, staining, crazing, loss of writing or erasing performance, and delamination from its core under the use the maintenance data permits, for the specified period.
+
+## Where the manufacturer's standard warranty on the writing surface indicated is a limited lifetime term, that term satisfies any period selected in the datasheet.
+
+## The frame, trim, tack face, core, hardware, and track manufacturer warranty period, measured from substantial completion, shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Frame, Tack Face, and Hardware Warranty Period
+type: range
+unit: yr
+min: 1
+max: 10
+setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5, 10]
+default: 1
+```
+
+## The manufacturer shall warrant frames, trim, tack faces, cores, hardware, tracks, and cabinet illumination against defects in materials and workmanship, including finish failure, delamination, and lock, roller, and counterbalance failure, for the specified period.
+
+## The Contractor installation warranty period, measured from substantial completion, shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Contractor Installation Warranty Period
+type: range
+unit: yr
+min: 1
+max: 5
+setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5]
+default: 1
+```
+
+## The Contractor shall warrant the installation, including anchorage, alignment, mounting heights, protrusion compliance, and the operation of sliding and cabinet hardware, for the specified period.
+
+## Deficiencies attributable to installation workmanship shall be corrected by the Contractor at no cost to the Owner, including the cost of opening and restoring adjacent finishes required to reach the deficiency.
+
+## Where a warranted component is repaired or replaced, the repaired or replaced component shall carry a warranty running for the full original period from the date of the repair, or for the remainder of the original period, whichever ends later.
+
+## The warranty shall not cover damage from use beyond the service exposure indicated in the datasheet, from a writing medium other than the one indicated, from cleaning agents the maintenance data excludes, or from modification of a unit without the manufacturer's written authorization.
+
+## Where the parties disagree whether an observed condition is a warranted defect or damage from use, the Architect shall make the initial determination.
+
# Spare Parts {toc}
−## Spare accessories — map hooks, cabinet keys, and a marker-tray or cork-strip section — are inexpensive at the time of purchase and effectively unobtainable as a matched item years later, so a small spare stock is specified up front rather than chased after a loss. {note}
+## Map hooks walk away, cabinet keys are lost, tray end caps are kicked off, and a frame finish discontinued a few years after installation leaves the Owner unable to match a touch-up, so the spare stock is bought with the units rather than searched for later. {note}
−## The Contractor shall deliver to the Owner the spare accessories scheduled below, packaged and labeled, before Substantial Completion.
+## The attic stock furnished to the Owner shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
−label: Spare accessories to be furnished
+label: Attic Stock Furnished
type: checkbox
options:
− - Map hooks (per cent of installed quantity)
− - Bulletin cabinet keys (two per keyed group)
− - Spare marker / chalk tray section
− - Spare cork insert strip section
− - Touch-up frame finish
+ - "Spare sliding map hooks"
+ - "Spare cabinet keys beyond the two per keying group"
+ - "Spare tray end closures of each profile"
+ - "Spare display rail insert strip"
+ - "Touch-up finish for each frame finish"
+ - "Spare sliding panel rollers and guides"
+ - "No attic stock required"
+default:
+ - "Spare sliding map hooks"
+ - "Spare cabinet keys beyond the two per keying group"
```
+## The quantity of spare map hooks furnished, expressed as a percentage of the installed hook quantity, shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Spare map hooks (percent of installed)
+label: Spare Map Hooks as a Percentage of Installed Hooks
type: range
−unit: "%"
+unit: '%'
min: 0
max: 25
step: 5
−default: 10
```
+
+## Attic stock shall be delivered in labeled cartons identifying the unit type, the frame finish, and the keying group it fits.
+
+## Attic stock shall be delivered to the location the Owner designates and shall be receipted by the Owner's representative.