Wood Doors
Remade for neutrality: every choice explained, project facts as parameters, scope boundaries linked both ways
Showing changes from Rev 2
to Rev 3
in Wood Doors.
---
−title: Flush Wood Doors
+title: Wood Doors
category: Architectural / Openings
−toc_depth: 3
description: >
− When to use: Selection, factory fabrication, delivery, installation, and acceptance of factory-built architectural flush-panel wood doors for interior and select rated exterior openings in commercial, institutional, educational, healthcare, and multi-family residential work. Covers hollow-core, solid-core, and fire-rated solid-core flush slabs with wood-veneer, high-pressure laminate (HPL), or factory-applied opaque faces, including factory edge banding, astragals, and sound seals integral to the leaf.
− Not intended for: Hollow metal and steel door slabs, frames, bucks, and door hardware (see [[sync/doors-frames-and-hardware]]); fire-rated glazing inserts, lites, and borrowed lights (see [[sync/fire-rated-glazing]]); stile-and-rail wood doors (panel, French, louvered); overhead coiling and rolling doors (see [[sync/overhead-coiling-doors]]); casing, trim, and finish carpentry at openings (see [[sync/finish-carpentry]]); and windows, skylights, or roof hatches.
+ When to use: Factory-built architectural wood door leaves specified as their own package, separate from the frame and the finish hardware, for interior and exterior swinging openings in commercial, institutional, educational, healthcare, hospitality, and multi-family residential work. Covers flush doors to ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A and stile-and-rail doors to ANSI/WDMA I.S.6A; performance duty level and appearance grade; hollow, particleboard, structural composite lumber, stave lumber, agrifiber, lead-lined, and listed mineral cores; wood veneer, high-pressure decorative laminate, and opaque faces; veneer species, cut, grade, and matching; edge construction; stile, rail, and panel construction; exterior-service construction; fire-protection and smoke-control listings for the leaf, positive-pressure edge seal category, lite and louver cutouts; sound-rated leaves; factory finishing, composite-wood emissions, and chain-of-custody certification; factory machining, blocking, and raceway for hardware; delivery, storage, installation clearances, field trimming, acceptance tolerances, warranty, and attic stock.
+ Not intended for: Hollow metal doors and the hollow metal frames that receive wood leaves (see [[sync/exterior-doors-and-frames]]); swinging openings bought as one combined supply of door, frame, and hardware together (see [[sync/doors-frames-and-hardware]]); hinges, locksets, closers, exit devices, gasketing, thresholds, and the rest of the finish hardware (see [[sync/door-hardware]]); fire-rated vision glass, sidelights, and the listed glazing kits set into rated leaves (see [[sync/fire-rated-glazing]]); non-rated vision glass (see [[sync/glazing]]); casing, jamb trim, and other running trim at openings (see [[sync/finish-carpentry]]); field painting and field finishing of doors (see [[sync/interior-painting]] and [[sync/exterior-painting]]); access control controllers, readers, and power supplies for electrified hardware (see [[sync/access-control-systems]]); aluminum entrance doors (see [[sync/aluminum-entrances-and-storefronts]]); power-operated entrances (see [[sync/automatic-entrance-doors]]); overhead coiling and sectional doors (see [[sync/overhead-coiling-doors]] and [[sync/sectional-overhead-doors]]); sliding, pocket, and folding door track hardware; wood door frames and jambs; and detention, ballistic, and blast-resistant openings that require project-specific engineered design.
---
# Scope {toc}
−## This standard covers factory-built architectural flush-panel wood doors furnished as complete door leaves for interior openings, and for select rated exterior openings where an exterior-listed flush wood door is specified.
+## This standard governs the furnishing and installation of factory-built architectural wood door leaves specified as their own package. It covers flush doors built to ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A and stile-and-rail doors built to ANSI/WDMA I.S.6A, at interior and exterior openings, in both non-rated and listed fire-rated construction. {note}
−## The work includes hollow-core, solid-core, and fire-rated solid-core flush slabs with wood-veneer, high-pressure laminate, or factory-applied opaque faces, in standard, oversized, and custom widths.
+## The furnished work shall comprise the door leaves, their factory machining for hardware, factory finishing where selected, factory-installed raceway for electrified hardware where scheduled, astragals and meeting-edge seals furnished with the leaves, and the lite and louver cutouts in the leaves.
−## The work includes any factory-applied edge banding, astragals, meeting-edge seals, and sound seals that are integral to the door leaf itself.
+## The frame each leaf hangs in is a separate subject. Hollow metal frames are governed by [[sync/exterior-doors-and-frames]]; wood frames and jambs are furnished by the millwork trade that supplies them and are not covered here; casing and trim at the opening are governed by [[sync/finish-carpentry]]. Where the door, the frame, and the hardware are bought together as one coordinated supply, [[sync/doors-frames-and-hardware]] applies instead of this standard. {note}
−## This standard governs the complete door slab from selection through factory fabrication, site delivery, installation, and acceptance. {note}
+## Finish hardware, including the hinges, locksets, exit devices, closers, gasketing, automatic door bottoms, and thresholds that operate and seal the door, is governed by [[sync/door-hardware]]. This standard governs the leaf's machining, reinforcement, blocking, and raceway for that hardware. {note}
−## Flush wood doors are an assembly product: the slab performance the Owner pays for is delivered only when the frame, the hardware, and the wall opening are coordinated with the leaf; this standard fixes the leaf and depends on the companion standards named below to complete the rated, acoustic, or operational assembly. {note}
+## Fire-rated vision glass and the listed lite kits that carry it are governed by [[sync/fire-rated-glazing]], and non-rated vision glass by [[sync/glazing]]. This standard sizes and locates the cutout in the leaf, limits it to what the leaf's listing permits, and furnishes the wood or metal beads where the leaf manufacturer supplies them. {note}
−## The door frame, hollow metal and wood bucks, and door hardware are excluded and are coordinated under [[sync/doors-frames-and-hardware]]. {note}
+## The Contractor shall reconcile the door schedule, the hardware schedule, and the frame submittal against the wood door shop drawings before any leaf is released for fabrication.
−## A flush wood leaf installed in a non-rated or mis-listed frame voids the fire-door listing of the whole assembly; the frame and hardware are specified together with the steel-door assembly so that label, clearances, and preparations are reconciled in one schedule. {note}
+## A wood door is one component of an assembly that is dimensioned and, at a rated opening, tested and labeled as a set. The leaf cannot deliver its fire-protection rating, its sound rating, or its hardware function unless the frame it hangs in and the hardware fastened to it were prepared for that leaf. The reconciliation clause above is where separate packages are brought back together. {note}
−## Fire-rated glazing inserts, vision lites, and borrowed-light sidelites are excluded and are covered under [[sync/fire-rated-glazing]]. {note}
−
−## The lite kit, its glazing, and the glazing stops carry their own fire test and label; this standard sizes and locates the cutout in the leaf and coordinates the labeled lite kit, but the glazing product itself is specified elsewhere. {note}
−
−## Stile-and-rail wood doors, including panel, French, and louvered doors, are a distinct product type and are excluded. {note}
−
−## Stile-and-rail construction is governed by ANSI/WDMA I.S.6A and uses different joinery, grading, and fire-listing rules; only flush-panel construction is covered here. {note}
−
−## Overhead coiling and rolling doors are excluded and are covered under [[sync/overhead-coiling-doors]]. {note}
−
−## Casing, jamb trim, and finish carpentry at door openings are excluded and are covered under [[sync/finish-carpentry]]. {note}
−
# Referenced Standards {toc}
−## Products and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
+## Products, fabrication, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.
−## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record or Architect of Record directs otherwise in writing.
+## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Architect directs otherwise in writing.
−## Fire-rated doors shall comply with the edition of the test standard and installation code referenced by the listing under which the door is labeled.
+## Fire-rated leaves shall comply with the edition of the fire test standard under which the leaf is listed, and the adopted building code governs which rating each opening must carry.
−## A labeled fire door carries the edition of UL 10C, NFPA 80, and the IBC in force when it was tested and listed; specifying a later edition of NFPA 80 does not re-qualify an older label — the listing edition governs the door, and the adopted code edition governs the project requirement for what rating must be present. {note}
−
| Standard | Title |
|----------|-------|
−| ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A | Industry Standard for Architectural Wood Flush Doors |
−| AWI/AWMAC/WI AWS | Architectural Woodwork Standards (Section 9, Doors) |
+| ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A | Industry Standard for Interior Architectural Wood Flush Doors |
+| ANSI/WDMA I.S.6A | Industry Standard for Architectural Stile and Rail Doors |
+| WDMA I.S.4 | Industry Standard for Water-Repellent Preservative Non-Pressure Treatment for Millwork |
+| WDMA T.M. 6 | Test Method for Cycle-Slam |
+| WDMA T.M. 7 | Test Method for Hinge Loading Resistance |
+| WDMA T.M. 10 | Test Method for Screw-Holding |
+| AWI/AWMAC/WI AWS | Architectural Woodwork Standards, Section 9, Doors |
| ANSI A208.1 | Particleboard |
−| HPVA HP-1 | Standard for Hardwood and Decorative Plywood |
+| ANSI A208.2 | Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) for Interior Applications |
+| ANSI/HPVA HP-1 | American National Standard for Hardwood and Decorative Plywood |
+| NEMA LD 3 | High-Pressure Decorative Laminates |
+| ANSI/BHMA A156.115-W | Hardware Preparation in Wood Doors with Wood or Steel Frames |
+| DHI WDHS.3 | Recommended Locations for Architectural Hardware for Flush Wood Doors |
| NFPA 80 | Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives |
+| NFPA 105 | Standard for Smoke Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives |
+| NFPA 252 | Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies |
+| UL 10B | Fire Tests of Door Assemblies |
| UL 10C | Positive Pressure Fire Tests of Door Assemblies |
+| UL 1784 | Air Leakage Tests of Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives |
+| ASTM E90 | Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements |
+| ASTM E413 | Classification for Rating Sound Insulation |
| ASTM E2074 | Fire Tests of Door Assemblies, Including Positive Pressure Testing |
−| ASTM E90 | Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation of Building Partitions |
−| ASTM E413 | Classification for Rating Sound Insulation (STC) |
−| IBC Section 716 | International Building Code, Opening Protectives |
−| NFPA 101 | Life Safety Code (Chapter 8, Features of Fire Protection) |
−| WDMA I.S.4 | Water Resistance of Window and Door Assemblies |
+| IBC | International Building Code, Chapters 7 and 10 |
+| ICC A117.1 | Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities |
+| 40 CFR Part 770 | Formaldehyde Standards for Composite Wood Products (TSCA Title VI) |
# Submittals {toc}
## Action Submittals {toc}
−### The Contractor shall submit the following action submittals for review before fabrication:
−- Product data for each door type, including core construction, face material, duty level, and fire-rating listing.
−- Shop drawings (a door schedule) listing each door by opening mark with size, thickness, core, face, finish, rating, and hardware preparations.
−- Veneer-match drawings or elevations for transparent-finish doors showing leaf match, pair match, and any set/sequenced matching across multiple openings.
−- Samples of each face material, finish, and edge band, in the specified species, cut, and grade.
−- For factory-finished doors, a sample showing the complete finish system at the specified sheen.
+### The submittals listed below shall be reviewed and returned before any leaf is released for fabrication.
+- Product data for each door construction furnished, showing duty level, appearance grade, core, face material, edge construction, adhesive type, and the listing under which rated leaves are labeled
+- Wood door shop drawings listing every opening by mark with leaf size, thickness, construction, core, face, edge, finish, fire-protection rating, smoke-control listing, sound rating, lite and louver cutouts, undercut, and hardware preparations keyed to the hardware set
+- Lite and louver elevations for each leaf that receives a cutout, showing cutout size, location, and the listed kit where the leaf is rated
+- Veneer samples of the specified species, cut, and grade, in the size and quantity needed to judge color, figure, and matching
+- Finish samples on the specified veneer showing the stain, the finish system, and the sheen, where the leaves are factory finished
+- High-pressure decorative laminate and opaque face samples for each color and pattern scheduled
+- Flitch samples where continuous or blueprint matching is selected
+
```datasheet
−label: Action submittals required
+label: Action Submittals Required
type: checkbox
options:
− - Product data (core, face, duty level, listing)
− - Door schedule shop drawings (per opening mark)
− - Veneer-match / elevation drawings (transparent finish)
− - Face, finish, and edge-band samples
− - Factory-finish system sample
+ - "Product data by door construction"
+ - "Wood door shop drawings by opening mark"
+ - "Lite and louver elevations"
+ - "Veneer samples"
+ - "Factory finish samples"
+ - "Laminate and opaque face samples"
+ - "Flitch samples"
default:
− - "Product data (core, face, duty level, listing)"
− - "Door schedule shop drawings (per opening mark)"
− - "Face, finish, and edge-band samples"
+ - "Product data by door construction"
+ - "Wood door shop drawings by opening mark"
+ - "Veneer samples"
+ - "Factory finish samples"
```
−## Closeout Submittals {toc}
+### The wood door shop drawings shall be reviewed together with the frame submittal and the hardware schedule, and the Contractor shall record on the shop drawings the hardware set assigned to each opening.
−### The Contractor shall submit the following closeout submittals before Substantial Completion:
−- Manufacturer's written warranty for each door type, executed in the Owner's name.
−- Care, finishing, and refinishing instructions for field-finished and factory-finished doors.
−- A record copy of the final approved door schedule reflecting as-installed marks, ratings, and preparations.
+## Informational Submittals {toc}
+### The Contractor shall submit the following for record, without waiting for return, before the corresponding work begins.
+
+- Fire door listing documentation from the listing laboratory for every rated leaf construction, including the positive-pressure category and the permitted lite area
+- Laboratory sound test report to ASTM E90 and ASTM E413 for each sound-rated leaf construction, identifying the seals and threshold in the tested assembly
+- Manufacturer's qualification records and current listings for the ratings required
+- Manufacturer's published storage, handling, acclimation, and field-finishing instructions
+- Certification of composite-wood emissions compliance and, where selected, chain-of-custody certificates
+- Third-party quality certification program records where a program is selected in the datasheet
+
```datasheet
−label: Closeout submittals required
+label: Informational Submittals Required
type: checkbox
options:
− - Executed manufacturer warranty
− - Care and refinishing instructions
− - As-installed door schedule of record
−default: [Executed manufacturer warranty, Care and refinishing instructions, As-installed door schedule of record]
+ - "Fire door listing documentation"
+ - "Laboratory sound test reports"
+ - "Manufacturer qualification and listing records"
+ - "Storage, handling, and finishing instructions"
+ - "Emissions and chain-of-custody certificates"
+ - "Quality certification program records"
+default:
+ - "Fire door listing documentation"
+ - "Manufacturer qualification and listing records"
+ - "Storage, handling, and finishing instructions"
+ - "Emissions and chain-of-custody certificates"
```
−## Informational Submittals {toc}
+## Closeout Submittals {toc}
−### The Contractor shall submit the following informational submittals where the listed condition applies:
−- For fire-rated doors, copies of the UL, Intertek, or QAI listing and label sheet for each rated configuration.
−- For doors required to meet a quality grade, AWI QCP certification or equivalent evidence of grade compliance.
−- For acoustically rated doors, the laboratory STC test report (ASTM E90 / E413) for the tested assembly.
+### The Contractor shall submit the following before final acceptance.
+- Executed manufacturer's warranty for each door construction, in the Owner's name
+- As-installed door schedule reflecting field changes, with final ratings, cutouts, and hardware preparations by opening mark
+- Care, cleaning, and refinishing instructions for each finish furnished
+- Flitch identification for every veneer-matched set, so that a future leaf can be matched
+
```datasheet
−label: Informational submittals required
+label: Closeout Submittals Required
type: checkbox
options:
− - Fire-rating listing and label sheet
− - AWI QCP / quality-grade certification
− - Laboratory STC test report
−default: [Fire-rating listing and label sheet]
+ - "Executed manufacturer's warranty"
+ - "As-installed door schedule"
+ - "Care and refinishing instructions"
+ - "Flitch identification record"
+default:
+ - "Executed manufacturer's warranty"
+ - "As-installed door schedule"
+ - "Care and refinishing instructions"
```
# Quality Assurance {toc}
−## Doors shall be the product of a single manufacturer regularly engaged in the production of architectural flush wood doors.
+## Manufacturer Qualification {toc}
−## Single-source responsibility keeps veneer flitches, core specifications, and finish systems consistent across the project and gives the Owner one party to hold to the warranty; mixing manufacturers within a transparent-finish door set is a frequent cause of visible grain and color mismatch. {note}
+### Wood doors shall be produced by a manufacturer that produces doors conforming to ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A or ANSI/WDMA I.S.6A, as applicable, as a regular part of its business and that submits records of comparable completed production.
−## Doors shall comply with the quality grade specified for the project, verified against ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A duty levels or AWI/AWS Quality Grades.
+### All wood doors on the project shall be produced by one manufacturer unless the Architect accepts a second manufacturer in writing for a stated group of openings.
+### A second manufacturer within a transparent-finish set is the usual source of color and figure mismatch between leaves, because flitch selection, veneer grading, and finish chemistry are set per plant. One manufacturer also leaves the Owner one party to hold to the warranty. {note}
+
+### For every fire-protection rating required on the project, the manufacturer shall hold a current listing from a nationally recognized testing laboratory covering the leaf constructions, sizes, and cutouts to be furnished.
+
+## Quality Certification Program {toc}
+
+### Participation in a third-party quality certification program shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Quality grade (AWI / AWS)
−type: radio
+label: Quality Certification Program
+type: select
options:
− - Economy
− - Custom
− - Premium
−default: Custom
+ - "No third-party program required"
+ - "AWI Quality Certification Program"
+ - "WI Certified Compliance Program"
+ - "WDMA Hallmark Certification Program"
+default: "No third-party program required"
```
+### Where a program is selected, the manufacturer shall be a current participant in that program at the time of bid, and the leaves shall carry the program's label or certificate at delivery.
+
+### A certification program adds an inspection the Owner does not pay the Architect for: the program's inspector checks the leaves against the grade the project selected. It also narrows the bidder pool to participants and carries a project fee, so it is weighed against the size of the transparent-finish scope and the Owner's appetite for a dispute over grade. The AWI and WI programs certify against the Architectural Woodwork Standards; the WDMA program certifies against the WDMA industry standards. {note}
+
+## Opening Mock-Up {toc}
+
+### Where the datasheet requires a mock-up, the Contractor shall install it at a location acceptable to the Architect and shall not release production leaves of the mocked-up construction until the mock-up is accepted in writing.
+
```datasheet
−label: WDMA duty level (ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A)
−type: radio
+label: Door Mock-Up
+type: select
options:
− - Economy Duty
− - Standard Duty
− - Heavy Duty
−default: Standard Duty
+ - "No mock-up required"
+ - "One finished leaf of each transparent-finish construction"
+ - "One complete opening with frame and hardware"
+ - "One opening of each door construction used in the work"
+default: "No mock-up required"
```
−## The quality grade selected shall be stated explicitly and shall not be left to the manufacturer's discretion.
+### The mock-up shall demonstrate veneer color and figure, matching, finish sheen and film, edge appearance, and, where a complete opening is required, hardware fit and clearances.
−## WDMA duty levels (Heavy, Standard, Economy) and AWI Quality Grades (Premium, Custom, Economy) are not interchangeable shorthand; AWI Premium Grade flush doors cost two to four times Custom Grade, and specifying Premium without confirming budget is a common over-specification — for most commercial work the project default is AWI Custom Grade solid-core, and for healthcare and education that grade is the baseline minimum. {note}
+### An accepted mock-up may remain as part of the completed work where the Architect designates it in writing.
−## Fire-rated doors shall bear a label from a listing agency acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, applied at the factory.
+### A single finished leaf settles the color and finish argument before a set of matched doors is cut from one flitch, when a rejected leaf costs one door. A complete opening additionally proves the fit of frame, hardware, and leaf, which is what a project buying separate packages most often gets wrong. {note}
−## Fire-rating labels shall never be field-applied.
+# Environmental and Service Conditions {toc}
−## The label certifies that the specific door, as built, passed the referenced fire test; a field-applied or transferred label has no test behind it and is grounds for rejection by the AHJ, and field cutting or boring of a labeled door beyond the manufacturer's listed tolerances likewise voids the label, per NFPA 80. {note}
+## Wood doors shall not be delivered to the site until the building is enclosed, wet work is complete and dry, and the permanent conditioning system or an equivalent temporary system is operating.
−## The Contractor shall confirm whether the AHJ requires positive-pressure (UL 10C / ASTM E2074) listing rather than the older neutral-pressure protocol.
+## Wood doors shall be stored, installed, and kept in service within the relative humidity range stated below, with the upper limit as indicated in the datasheet and the lower limit not less than 25 percent.
```datasheet
−label: Fire-test listing protocol required
−type: radio
−options:
− - Positive pressure (UL 10C / ASTM E2074)
− - Neutral pressure (legacy)
− - Non-rated (no fire listing)
−default: Positive pressure (UL 10C / ASTM E2074)
+label: Maximum Relative Humidity for Wood Door Storage and Installation
+type: range
+unit: '%'
+min: 45
+max: 80
+setpoints: [45, 50, 55, 60, 70, 80]
+default: 55
```
−## Most jurisdictions adopting recent IBC editions require positive-pressure fire-test listing; a door listed only to the older neutral-pressure protocol may be rejected, and confirming the required protocol during submittals avoids a late re-order of the entire rated-door package. {note}
+## A wood door is a laminated panel whose core, crossbands, faces, and edges change dimension with moisture content at different rates. Delivered into a building that is still drying out, the layers move against one another, and the result is the warp and telegraphed core lines that appear months after the door is hung. Sustained humidity below 25 percent shrinks the faces and opens veneer checks; sustained humidity above the manufacturer's upper limit swells them. {note}
−# Environmental and Service Conditions {toc}
+## Leaves at openings exposed to weather, to washdown, or to sustained high humidity shall be of the exterior-service construction required under the Exterior Service Construction section of this standard.
−## Doors shall not be delivered to the site or installed until the building is enclosed and the interior environment is controlled.
+## Leaves at openings exposed to cart, bed, or trolley contact shall be furnished at the duty level the manufacturer confirms in writing for that service, and shall be prepared for the protection plates assigned by the hardware schedule.
−## Wood doors are dimensionally sensitive to moisture; installing before the building is weathertight and conditioned invites cupping, warp, telegraphing, and adhesive failure that no warranty covers, and sustained interior relative humidity outside roughly 25% to 55% is the most common cause of field warp claims. {note}
+# Door Construction {toc}
−## Interior service temperature and relative humidity shall be maintained within the manufacturer's published range from delivery through the warranty period.
+## Flush and Stile-and-Rail Construction {toc}
+### The project standard door construction shall be as indicated in the datasheet, and the door schedule governs any opening it assigns a different construction.
+
```datasheet
−label: Interior relative humidity range maintained
+label: Door Construction
+type: radio
+options:
+ - "Flush"
+ - "Stile and rail"
+default: "Flush"
+```
+
+### A flush door is a bonded sandwich of core, crossband, and face, and its appearance is the face veneer or laminate. A stile-and-rail door is a frame of vertical stiles and horizontal rails joined around panels, glass, or louvers, and its appearance is the profile of those members. Flush construction is built to ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A, stile-and-rail construction to ANSI/WDMA I.S.6A, and the two are graded and listed under different rules, which is why the construction is named before anything else about the leaf is selected. {note}
+
+### Leaf width, leaf height, hand, and swing shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the door schedule]].
+
+### Leaf thickness shall be as indicated in the datasheet unless a listed fire door assembly or an oversized leaf requires a greater thickness.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Leaf Thickness
type: range
−unit: "%"
−min: 25
−max: 55
−step: 5
−setpoints: [25, 30, 50, 55]
+unit: in
+min: 1.375
+max: 2.25
+setpoints: [1.375, 1.75, 2.25]
+default: 1.75
```
−## Hollow-core doors shall not be used at high-traffic corridors, locations subject to frequent impact, or locations adjacent to wet or high-humidity areas.
+### Leaves 1-3/8 in. thick shall not be used at a fire-rated opening, at an opening carrying an exit device, or at an opening carrying a mortise lockset, because those preparations do not fit the reduced stile depth.
−## Hollow-core construction has no continuous core behind the face and offers little screw-holding, impact resistance, or acoustic mass; it is appropriate only for light-duty residential, closet, and similar low-abuse openings, and substituting hollow-core to save cost at an abusive opening produces early failure. {note}
+### For leaves wider than 4 ft or taller than 8 ft, and for pairs wider than 8 ft overall, the Contractor shall obtain the manufacturer's written confirmation that the selected construction, core, and thickness carry the leaf at the scheduled size and remain within the manufacturer's published warranty.
−## Exterior-rated flush wood doors, where specified, shall be listed for exterior exposure and shall meet WDMA I.S.4 water-resistance performance.
+## Performance Duty Level {toc}
−## A standard interior flush door used at an exterior opening delaminates; exterior service requires an exterior-grade adhesive bond, a weather-resistant face, and a leaf tested for water resistance — these are a distinct product, not a field upgrade of an interior door. {note}
+### The performance duty level of wood doors shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−# Door Construction and Core {toc}
+```datasheet
+label: Performance Duty Level
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Standard Duty"
+ - "Heavy Duty"
+ - "Extra Heavy Duty"
+default: "Heavy Duty"
+```
−## Each door shall be furnished with the core type specified for its opening, and the core material shall be stated explicitly rather than left as generic "solid core."
+### The WDMA industry standards grade performance by duty level, which sets the minimum results the construction must deliver under the WDMA test methods for cycle-slam, hinge loading, screw holding, and the related tests. Standard Duty serves openings cycled by a few people a day, Heavy Duty serves corridor, classroom, and office openings in continuous public use, and Extra Heavy Duty serves openings that are cycled continuously or struck by carts and equipment. The duty level is a performance decision and carries no appearance content, so the plainest face can be ordered at the highest duty level. {note}
−## "Solid core" spans particleboard, stave (glued block) lumber, structural composite lumber, MDF, agrifiber, and fire-resistant composite cores, each with different weight, screw-holding, acoustic mass, and cost; a manufacturer asked only for "solid core" will supply the lowest-cost compliant core, which may not deliver the intended STC or hardware pull-out. {note}
+### The duty level selected shall apply to flush doors under ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A and to stile-and-rail doors under ANSI/WDMA I.S.6A.
−## Particleboard cores shall comply with ANSI A208.1 Grade LD-1 with a minimum average density of 30 pcf (480 kg/m³).
+### Where an opening is scheduled for a higher duty level than the project standard, the door schedule governs that opening.
−## Fire-rated doors shall be furnished with the fire-resistant composite core required by the door's listing for the specified rating.
+## Appearance Grade {toc}
+### The appearance grade of wood doors shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Core type
−type: radio
+label: Appearance Grade
+type: select
options:
− - Hollow core (light duty only)
− - Particleboard solid core (ANSI A208.1 LD-1)
− - Stave lumber solid core
− - Structural composite lumber (SCL) core
− - Fire-resistant composite core
−default: Particleboard solid core (ANSI A208.1 LD-1)
+ - "Economy"
+ - "Custom"
+ - "Premium"
+default: "Custom"
```
−## Door thickness shall be 1-3/4 in. (44 mm) for commercial interior openings unless a different thickness is required by the door's fire listing.
+### The appearance grade governs the natural characteristics permitted in the face, the number and size of permitted repairs, the matching tolerances within and between leaves, and the finish quality, in accordance with Section 9 of the Architectural Woodwork Standards.
+### Economy grade admits the full natural character of the species and is bought where the doors are opaque-finished or the appearance is not a design element. Custom grade is the commercial baseline for transparent finishes. Premium grade tightens color and figure matching across the face and between leaves and is bought where a matched set of doors is part of the room's design, at a cost that rises with the species and the matching selected. {note}
+
+## Flush Door Core {toc}
+
+### The core of flush doors at openings that carry no fire-protection rating shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Door thickness
−type: radio
+label: Flush Door Core at Non-Rated Openings
+type: select
options:
− - 1-3/8 in. (35 mm)
− - 1-3/4 in. (44 mm)
−unit: in.
−default: 1-3/4 in. (44 mm)
+ - "Particleboard, ANSI A208.1 LD-1"
+ - "Particleboard, ANSI A208.1 LD-2"
+ - "Structural composite lumber"
+ - "Stave lumber"
+ - "Agrifiber"
+ - "Institutional hollow core"
+ - "Lead sheet lining over a particleboard core"
+default: "Particleboard, ANSI A208.1 LD-1"
```
−## The 1-3/4 in. leaf is the default for all commercial interior flush doors; the 1-3/8 in. leaf is reserved for light-duty residential and closet openings, and fire-rated leaves must match the labeled assembly thickness exactly since a thickness change re-opens the listing. {note}
+### The core is the substrate every hardware screw lands in and the mass that sets the leaf's sound transmission class. Particleboard is the lowest-cost solid core and holds standard hardware through blocking or a screw-holding density; the LD-2 grade is denser and holds a screw better than LD-1. Structural composite lumber and stave lumber hold a screw anywhere on the leaf without blocking and resist the racking of a continuous hinge or an exit device chassis. Agrifiber is a particleboard analogue built from agricultural fiber and is selected for its material content. An institutional hollow core carries a continuous lattice rather than a solid slab and is bought where weight and cost govern and the hardware is light. A lead-lined core is a shielding product and is selected to the physicist's lead thickness. {note}
−## Door width shall be selected per opening, and the clear opening shall satisfy the accessibility requirement at accessible doors.
+### Flush doors at openings that carry a fire-protection rating shall be built on the core named in the manufacturer's listing for that rating period, and the datasheet selection above shall not override it.
−## A 34 in. minimum door width with standard hardware is required to deliver the 32 in. clear opening mandated for accessible routes; a nominal 36 in. (3'-0") leaf is the common single-leaf corridor default, and width is per opening and is therefore deferred to the door schedule rather than fixed here.
+### Flush doors at openings that carry a sound rating shall be built on the core, edge construction, and face construction of the tested assembly that produced the scheduled rating.
+### Faces of flush doors shall be bonded to the core with a crossband between the face and the core, in not less than the ply construction required for the duty level by ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A.
+
+### Interior flush doors shall be bonded with a Type II adhesive, and flush doors furnished for exterior service shall be bonded with a Type I adhesive.
+
+## Stile-and-Rail Member Construction {toc}
+
+### The stile and rail construction of stile-and-rail doors shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Door width (per opening; coordinate with schedule)
+label: Stile and Rail Member Construction
type: select
options:
− - 2'-0" (610 mm)
− - 2'-4" (711 mm)
− - 2'-6" (762 mm)
− - 2'-8" (813 mm)
− - 2'-10" (864 mm)
− - 3'-0" (914 mm)
− - 3'-4" (1016 mm)
− - 3'-6" (1067 mm)
−drawing_ref: "door schedule"
−default: deferred
+ - "Solid lumber"
+ - "Engineered, laminated core with a veneer face and edge"
+ - "Finger-jointed lumber for an opaque finish"
```
+### A solid lumber stile is one piece of the face species through its thickness, which lets the edge be worked and refinished without exposing another material, and which moves with humidity along its full width. An engineered stile is a laminated core faced and edged with the species, which holds flat in a wide or tall leaf and in a building whose humidity swings, and which cannot be planed past its veneer. A finger-jointed stile is built from short lengths and is bought for an opaque finish where the joints will be covered. {note}
+
+### The panel construction of stile-and-rail doors shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Door height
+label: Stile and Rail Panel Construction
type: select
options:
− - 6'-8" (2032 mm)
− - 7'-0" (2134 mm)
− - 8'-0" (2438 mm)
− - 9'-0" (2743 mm)
− - 10'-0" (3048 mm)
−drawing_ref: "door schedule"
−default: deferred
+ - "Solid lumber, glued up"
+ - "Veneered engineered panel over a composite core"
+ - "Medium density fiberboard for an opaque finish"
```
−## Doors exceeding 3'-6" wide by 10'-0" high shall be confirmed with the manufacturer for special engineering, since most warranties do not extend to larger leaves without it.
+### A glued-up solid lumber panel shows one species through its profile and shrinks across its width, so it is set loose in the groove and is finished before assembly so that no unfinished line appears when it moves. A veneered engineered panel stays flat and holds its size, and its raised profile is a veneered edge rather than solid wood. A fiberboard panel is machined to profile from one piece and takes an opaque finish without telegraphing a joint. {note}
−## Manufacturer flat-warp warranties typically cover leaves up to about 3'-6" by 10'-0" and pairs up to 7'-0" combined width; oversized custom doors need engineered cores and are non-stock, and confirming the warranty limit before specifying avoids an unenforceable warranty on the largest, costliest leaves. {note}
+### The panel style of stile-and-rail doors shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−# Faces, Veneer, and Edges {toc}
+```datasheet
+label: Stile and Rail Panel Style
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Raised panel"
+ - "Flat panel"
+ - "Flat panel with applied bolection moulding"
+```
−## Each door shall be furnished with the face material specified, and for transparent-finish doors the veneer species, cut, and match shall all be stated.
+### A raised panel is machined to a profile that stands out of the stile plane and is the traditional appearance. A flat panel sits in the groove with no profile and reads as a modern or a paint-grade door. A bolection moulding is applied over the joint between a flat panel and the stile and is bought where a heavier profile is wanted than the panel stock can be machined to. {note}
+### Panels shall be set in the stile and rail grooves free to move, and shall be finished on all faces and edges before assembly where the leaf is factory finished.
+
+### Stile and rail joints shall be of a type qualified by the manufacturer for the duty level selected, and the joint shall be glued and pinned, doweled, or mortised and tenoned in accordance with ANSI/WDMA I.S.6A.
+
+### The panel layout of each stile-and-rail leaf shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the door elevations]].
+
+### Stile-and-rail doors at openings that carry a fire-protection rating shall be of a construction and panel make-up covered by the manufacturer's listing for the rating period.
+
+## Exterior Service Construction {toc}
+
+### Requirements in this article apply to leaves scheduled for exterior openings and to leaves at interior openings exposed to washdown or sustained high humidity.
+
+### Exterior-service leaves shall be of a construction the manufacturer identifies in writing for exterior service, bonded with a Type I adhesive, and faced with a veneer, laminate, or overlay the manufacturer identifies for exterior exposure.
+
+### Exterior-service stile-and-rail leaves and exterior-service flush leaves with a wood face shall receive a water-repellent preservative treatment in accordance with WDMA I.S.4 before finishing.
+
+### Exterior-service leaves shall be factory finished on all six surfaces, including the top and bottom edges and every cutout, or shall be sealed on all six surfaces before they leave the factory where the field applies the finish.
+
+### The Contractor shall confirm with the manufacturer in writing that the exposure at each exterior opening, including the overhang and the orientation, is within the conditions of the manufacturer's exterior warranty before the leaf is released for fabrication.
+
+### An interior door at an exterior opening delaminates and warps within a season, because an interior adhesive bond is water resistant and not waterproof, and because the face of a leaf in sun and the face in a conditioned room are at different moisture contents all year. Exterior wood door warranties are commonly conditioned on an overhang that keeps direct rain off the leaf, on a finish maintained on the manufacturer's schedule, and on a dark-color limit on faces in direct sun. {note}
+
+# Faces and Edges {toc}
+
+## Face Material {toc}
+
+### The face material of flush doors shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Face material
−type: radio
+label: Face Material
+type: select
options:
− - Hardwood veneer (transparent finish)
− - High-pressure laminate (HPL)
− - Factory opaque (paintable MDF face)
−default: Hardwood veneer (transparent finish)
+ - "Wood veneer"
+ - "High-pressure decorative laminate"
+ - "Medium density overlay for an opaque finish"
+ - "Hardboard for an opaque finish"
+default: "Wood veneer"
```
−## Omitting species, cut (rotary, plain-sliced, quarter-sliced), or match is a leading cause of substitution disputes and mismatched door sets, because the manufacturer will otherwise supply the most economical compliant veneer; the three together define the appearance and none can be left implied. {note}
+### A wood veneer face is the only face that takes a transparent finish and is the face every appearance-grade and matching selection in this standard describes. A high-pressure decorative laminate face resists abrasion, impact, and cleaning chemicals better than a finished veneer, is bought where the door is washed or struck, and reads as a laminate rather than as wood. A medium density overlay is a resin-impregnated fiber face bonded to the crossband and is the opaque face that takes paint with the least grain telegraphing. A hardboard face is the lowest-cost opaque face and shows more texture through the paint. {note}
−## Transparent-finish veneer faces shall comply with the HPVA HP-1 face grade specified, and the default face grade for premium transparent work shall be Grade A.
+### High-pressure decorative laminate faces shall conform to NEMA LD 3 in the general-purpose grade, in a thickness not less than 0.048 in.
+### Laminate and opaque face colors and patterns shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the finish schedule]].
+
+## Veneer Species and Cut {toc}
+
+### The face veneer species shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Veneer face grade (HPVA HP-1, transparent finish)
−type: radio
+label: Face Veneer Species
+type: select
options:
− - Grade A
− - Grade B
− - Grade C
−default: Grade A
+ - "Maple"
+ - "Birch"
+ - "Red oak"
+ - "White oak"
+ - "Cherry"
+ - "Walnut"
+ - "Mahogany"
+ - "Ash"
+ - "Beech"
+ - "Sapele"
+ - "Anigre"
+ - "Bamboo"
+ - "Reconstituted veneer"
+ - "Paint-grade hardwood"
+ - "Not applicable, non-veneer face"
```
−## HPVA face grades run from Grade A (virtually defect-free) through Grade B and Grade C to Backing grade; Grade A is the premium transparent-finish default, lower grades admit more color and figure variation, and face grade is referenced within both WDMA I.S.1A and AWI/AWS so it travels with the quality grade. {note}
+### Species sets color, figure, hardness, and cost, and no species is the norm across projects. The close-grained species, maple, birch, cherry, and beech, take a stain evenly and show little pore; the open-grained species, the oaks, ash, walnut, mahogany, and sapele, show pore and figure and are filled where a flat film is wanted. Anigre and sapele are tropical species whose availability follows the flitch market, and reconstituted veneer is engineered from fast-growing species to a uniform color and figure that no natural flitch repeats. Paint-grade hardwood is a veneer face selected for an opaque finish where a veneered rather than an overlay face is wanted. {note}
−## Face veneer for slice-cut transparent doors shall be a minimum of 1/42 in. (0.6 mm) thick per ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A.
+### The face veneer cut shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## Veneer leaf matching within a single door shall be the match type specified.
+```datasheet
+label: Face Veneer Cut
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Plain sliced"
+ - "Quarter sliced"
+ - "Rift cut"
+ - "Rotary cut"
+ - "Half-round sliced"
+default: "Plain sliced"
+```
−## Book match alternates adjacent veneer leaves like pages, slip match repeats them in the same orientation, and running match uses leaves in sequence without balancing; the choice is aesthetic but must be stated, and book-match veneer typically carries a 10% to 20% premium over running match.
+### The cut determines the figure. Plain slicing produces the cathedral figure most people picture when they think of a wood door and yields the widest leaves from a flitch. Quarter slicing produces a straight stripe and, in oak, shows the ray flake. Rift cutting suppresses that flake and is the cut selected for a straight-grained oak. Rotary cutting peels a continuous sheet with a wide, variegated figure that is difficult to match between leaves and is the lowest-cost cut. Half-round slicing lies between rotary and plain slicing in figure. {note}
+### The face veneer grade shall be the ANSI/HPVA HP-1 grade that the Architectural Woodwork Standards assign to the selected appearance grade, unless a higher grade is selected in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Veneer leaf match (within a leaf)
−type: radio
+label: Face Veneer Grade
+type: select
+derived: "the appearance grade, per Section 9 of the Architectural Woodwork Standards"
options:
− - Running match
− - Slip match
− - Book match
−default: Book match
+ - "Grade AA"
+ - "Grade A"
+ - "Grade B"
+default: derived
```
−## Where doors occur in pairs or sets, the panel-match type for the opening shall be specified.
+### Face veneer thickness shall be not less than the thickness required by ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A for the cut and the duty level, so that the face can be sanded for finishing without cutting through to the crossband.
+## Veneer Matching {toc}
+
+### Veneer matching between adjacent leaves of veneer within each face shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Pair / set panel match (across an opening)
−type: radio
+label: Veneer Match Between Adjacent Leaves of Veneer
+type: select
options:
− - Running match (across leaves)
− - Balance match
− - Center-balance match
−default: Balance match
+ - "Book match"
+ - "Slip match"
+ - "Random match"
+ - "Pleasing match"
+default: "Book match"
```
−## Pair and set matching (balance match, center-balance match, or running match across leaves) governs how grain reads across adjacent leaves of one opening; specifying a within-leaf match without also specifying the across-leaf panel match leaves pairs visibly mismatched. {note}
+### Book matching turns alternate leaves of veneer over, so adjacent sheets mirror one another and the tight and loose faces alternate. Where a stain is applied, the alternating faces take it differently and produce a light-and-dark barber-pole effect, which is why slip matching, which lays the leaves in sequence without turning them, is selected where an even stain response matters more than symmetry. Random matching assembles leaves from several flitches for a deliberately varied face, and pleasing matching selects for color and figure without a repeating pattern. {note}
−## Where veneer matching is required to read continuously across multiple openings, the doors shall be sequenced from the same flitch and identified for sequenced installation.
+### The arrangement of veneer leaves across each face shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## A book or balance match specified across multiple-leaf openings is meaningless unless the leaves are cut from one flitch and installed in order; sequenced matching is a separate, more costly requirement and must be called out explicitly, with the leaves marked for their installed location.
−
```datasheet
−label: Sequence-match veneer across multiple openings
−type: radio
+label: Veneer Assembly Across the Face
+type: select
options:
− - "No"
− - "Yes - sequenced from a single flitch"
−default: "No"
+ - "Running match"
+ - "Balance match"
+ - "Center balance match"
```
−## Edge banding shall be the type and material specified, compatible with the face material and finish.
+### A running match uses the veneer leaves as they come, so the leaves at the two edges of the face may differ in width and one flitch yields the most doors. A balance match cuts every leaf on a face to the same width, so the face reads symmetrical and the flitch yield drops. A center balance match additionally places a joint on the centerline of the face, so a pair of doors reads as one composition, at the lowest yield of the three. The Architectural Woodwork Standards set the minimum arrangement for each appearance grade, and a project selects a tighter arrangement where the doors are a design element. {note}
+### Veneer matching between the leaves of a pair, among the doors of a set, and between doors and adjacent woodwork shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Vertical edge (stile) band
−type: radio
+label: Veneer Matching Between Leaves and With Adjacent Woodwork
+type: select
options:
− - Solid wood, species to match face
− - HPL band to match HPL face
− - MDF band (opaque doors)
−default: Solid wood, species to match face
+ - "No matching between leaves"
+ - "Pair match"
+ - "Pair and set match"
+ - "Continuous match across a set from a single flitch"
+ - "Blueprint match with adjacent wood paneling"
+default: "Pair and set match"
```
−## Edges may be solid wood (stile-applied or applied band), HPL-banded to match an HPL face, or MDF for opaque doors; solid wood edges on veneer doors allow site trimming and refinishing, HPL edges resist abrasion, and the edge type must suit both the face and the amount of field fitting expected. {note}
+### A pair match makes the two leaves of one opening read as one face. A set match makes the doors in one room or corridor read as one color and figure family. A continuous match sequences every leaf in the set from one flitch in the order installed, marks each leaf for its opening, and holds the set to the flitch's yield. A blueprint match extends the sequence across the doors and the wood paneling of a room, so the doors are cut with the paneling by the woodwork fabricator, which is a coordination the schedule has to allow for. Each step up the list raises the cost and the flitch commitment, and the doors below the first step are matched only to the species and the cut. {note}
−# Fire Rating {toc}
+### Where continuous or blueprint matching is selected, each leaf shall be marked on its top edge with its opening mark and its sequence in the flitch, and the marks shall remain legible through installation.
−## Each door at a rated opening shall carry the fire-protection rating required for that opening by IBC Section 716 for the wall type and occupancy.
+### Where a set is selected for matching, the manufacturer shall record the flitch identification, and the Contractor shall include it in the closeout submittals.
+## Edge Construction {toc}
+
+### The vertical edge band of flush doors shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Fire-protection rating
−type: radio
+label: Vertical Edge Band
+type: select
options:
− - Non-rated
− - 20 minute
− - 45 minute (3/4 hour)
− - 60 minute (1 hour)
− - 90 minute (1-1/2 hour)
−unit: min
−default: 45 minute (3/4 hour)
+ - "Hardwood, species compatible with the face veneer"
+ - "Hardwood, species matching the face veneer"
+ - "Hardwood, paint grade"
+ - "High-pressure decorative laminate matching the face"
+ - "Impact-resistant polymer edge"
+default: "Hardwood, species compatible with the face veneer"
```
−## IBC Table 716.1 (and the corresponding NFPA 101 provisions) set the required opening-protective rating from the rated wall and occupancy: roughly 20-minute at corridor walls, 3/4-hour (45-minute) at 1-hour-rated walls, 1-hour at certain separations, and 1-1/2-hour at 2-hour walls; flush wood doors are commonly used at 45-minute and below, and specifying the wrong rating is a frequent design-phase error. {note}
+### A compatible-species hardwood edge is a close-grained hardwood finished to read with the face and is the lowest-cost transparent-finish edge; a matching-species edge is the face species itself and is selected where the edge is seen with the door open. A paint-grade edge serves an opaque door. A laminate edge matches a laminate face and resists the abrasion a hardwood edge takes at a cart opening, and a polymer edge resists impact where the leaf is struck, at the cost of a visible material change at the face. {note}
−## Glazed lite area in rated doors shall not exceed the area permitted by the door's listing and by NFPA 80 for the specified rating.
+### Vertical edges shall be banded not less than 1/8 in. thick after machining, bonded to the core, and applied before the face so that no glue line shows on the face.
−## For 20-minute and 45-minute labels, listings commonly permit up to 100 in² of rated vision glazing per leaf; 60-minute and 90-minute ratings restrict or eliminate lites unless special listed glazing is used per IBC Section 716, and the lite kit and glazing themselves are specified under [[sync/fire-rated-glazing]] — this standard only sizes and locates the cutout in the leaf. {note}
+### Top and bottom rails of flush doors shall be of a composite or hardwood material not less than 1-1/8 in. deep, bonded to the core.
−## Clearance under a fire-rated door shall not exceed 3/4 in. measured to the top of the floor covering, per NFPA 80.
+### The edge on a leaf receiving a mortise lockset, a mortise exit device, a continuous hinge, or a concealed closer shall provide solid material through the full depth of the preparation.
−## All hardware preparations in rated doors shall be factory-applied within the door's listing, and no field cutting beyond listed tolerances shall be performed.
+### At fire-rated doors, the edge material, its thickness, and its attachment shall be those stated in the manufacturer's listing.
−## NFPA 80 permits only limited field preparation of labeled doors; boring, mortising, or trimming a rated leaf beyond the manufacturer's listed job-site tolerances voids the label, and all locksets, closers, viewers, and electrical preps must be factory-machined to match the hardware schedule. {note}
+### Where the leaf manufacturer's listing requires an intumescent edge seal, the seal shall be furnished with the leaf as the listing shows, concealed in the edge or applied to it as the positive-pressure category selected under the Fire-Rated Leaves section requires.
−# Acoustic Performance {toc}
+# Fire-Rated and Smoke-Control Leaves {toc}
−## Where a door is required to provide sound isolation, the assembly STC rating shall be specified, not the bare slab rating alone.
+## The Listed Leaf in the Listed Assembly {toc}
−## The published STC of a door is meaningless without the full perimeter seal; a standard solid-core slab reaches roughly STC 28 to 32, but the installed assembly only performs when perimeter gasketing, an automatic drop seal at the bottom, and a sealed threshold are provided, and hollow-core doors reach only about STC 20 to 25 and cannot be made acoustic by sealing. {note}
+### A fire door assembly is a specific combination of leaf, frame, hinges, latching hardware, closing device, gasketing, glazing, and glazing bead that was tested together and carries a label as that combination. The wood leaf is listed for a rating period, a maximum size, a maximum lite area, a hardware preparation envelope, and an edge seal category, and it holds its rating only in an assembly whose other components are within their own listings. {note}
−## Acoustically rated doors shall be furnished with the perimeter seals, automatic drop seal, and threshold required to achieve the specified assembly STC, coordinated with [[sync/doors-frames-and-hardware]].
+### Every fire-rated leaf shall be listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory in the construction, size, and cutout configuration to be furnished.
−## The STC rating shall be verified by a laboratory test report per ASTM E90 and ASTM E413 for the tested assembly.
+### Every fire-rated leaf shall bear a permanent label applied at the factory by the listing laboratory or under its supervision, identifying the rating period and the test standard under which the leaf was listed.
+### Labels shall not be removed, painted over, covered, or defaced at any time during construction, and labels shall not be field applied or transferred between leaves.
+
+### Where a label is missing, illegible, or painted over at turnover, the Contractor shall obtain a field label from the listing laboratory or replace the leaf, at no cost to the Owner.
+
+### Fire door assemblies shall be installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 80.
+
+### The Contractor shall not field modify a listed leaf, including cutting a lite or louver opening, adding a hinge, drilling a through-bolt, or applying a plate larger than the listing permits, without the written confirmation of the listing laboratory that the modification is within the listing.
+
+## Fire-Protection Rating {toc}
+
+### The fire-protection rating of the leaf at each opening shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Acoustic rating (assembly STC)
+label: Fire-Protection Rating of the Leaf
+type: range
+unit: min
+drawing_ref: "the door schedule"
+min: 0
+max: 90
+setpoints: [0, 20, 45, 60, 90]
+default: deferred
+```
+
+### A rating of 0 minutes designates an opening that the building code does not require to be an opening protective. Wood doors are listed through 90 minutes; an opening that requires a 3-hour assembly is protected by a hollow metal leaf under [[sync/exterior-doors-and-frames]]. {note}
+
+### The Architect shall establish the required rating period for each opening from the fire-resistance-rated construction and the opening protective provisions of [[parameter: adopted-building-code]], and shall record it on the door schedule.
+
+### The code sets the rating an opening protective must carry from the rating of the assembly it penetrates, and the relationship is not one to one. A corridor opening in a 1-hour fire partition is protected by a 20-minute assembly, an opening in a 1-hour fire barrier by a 45-minute or 60-minute assembly depending on the barrier's use, and an opening in a 2-hour fire barrier by a 90-minute assembly, with the governing values in the opening protective tables of IBC Chapter 7. {note}
+
+### Leaves at the openings [[drawing: the door schedule]] identifies as requiring a transmitted temperature rise limit shall be listed to a maximum transmitted temperature rise of 450°F above ambient at 30 minutes of standard fire test exposure.
+
+## Positive-Pressure Edge Seal Category {toc}
+
+### Fire-rated leaves shall be listed on the basis of testing to UL 10C or NFPA 252 under the positive-pressure condition, and the leaf shall not be furnished on a listing to the neutral-pressure condition of UL 10B in place of a positive-pressure listing.
+
+### The positive-pressure edge seal category of fire-rated leaves shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Positive-Pressure Edge Seal Category
type: radio
options:
− - Not rated
− - STC 32-35 (standard solid core + seals)
− - STC 36-45 (enhanced solid core + drop seal)
− - STC 46+ (specialty acoustic assembly)
−default: Not rated
+ - "Category A, intumescent seal concealed in the leaf edge"
+ - "Category B, intumescent seal applied to the frame or the leaf edge"
```
−# Finish {toc}
+### In a positive-pressure test the neutral plane is set low in the furnace, so hot gas pushes outward across most of the leaf's height for the whole test, and a wood leaf passes only with an intumescent material that expands to close the clearance. Category A conceals that material in the leaf edge, so the opening shows a clean edge and the seal is protected from paint and damage, at the leaf manufacturer's price. Category B applies it to the frame rabbet or the leaf edge as a surface-mounted strip, which lets the leaf be a standard listed construction and puts the seal where it is visible, can be painted over, and is furnished either with the leaf or under the gasketing in the hardware sets. The category is set once for the project so that the frame and hardware packages prepare for the same seal. {note}
−## Each door shall be delivered with the finish state specified: unfinished for field finishing, factory-primed, or completely factory-finished.
+### Where Category B is selected, the Contractor shall record on the shop drawings whether the surface-applied seal is furnished with the leaf or under the hardware sets, so that each opening receives exactly one seal.
+### Intumescent seals shall be delivered and installed uncompressed, unpainted, and undamaged.
+
+## Smoke and Draft Control {toc}
+
+### Whether a smoke and draft control listing is required at each opening shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Finish state at delivery
+label: Smoke and Draft Control Listing
type: radio
+drawing_ref: "the door schedule"
options:
− - Unfinished (field-finished)
− - Factory-primed (field topcoat)
− - Complete factory finish
−default: Complete factory finish
+ - "Smoke and draft control listing required at this opening"
+ - "Smoke and draft control listing not required at this opening"
+default: deferred
```
−## Factory finishing (catalytic lacquer, conversion varnish, or UV-cured systems) is increasingly the institutional norm because it removes field-finishing odor, schedule, and quality-control risk; for healthcare and education complete factory finish is the practical default, and field finishing remains acceptable where the project accepts the schedule and air-quality tradeoffs. {note}
+### Leaves at openings requiring smoke and draft control shall be part of an assembly complying with NFPA 105 and listed on the basis of air leakage testing to UL 1784, and shall bear the S label.
−## For opaque (painted) doors, the paint system, number of coats, and sheen level shall be specified rather than left to the manufacturer.
+### The smoke test is not a fire test. It measures air leakage through the assembly at ambient and elevated temperature, so a leaf can hold a 90-minute rating and still fail as a smoke barrier if the gasketing the listing names is absent. The gasketing itself is hardware under [[sync/door-hardware]]; the leaf's obligation is to be a construction within an S-labeled listing. {note}
+## Lites and Louvers {toc}
+
+### Lite and louver cutout sizes and locations shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the door elevations]].
+
+### Cutouts in fire-rated leaves shall be factory cut, shall not exceed the lite area and the louver size the leaf's listing permits for the rating period, and shall be located within the margins the listing requires from the leaf edges and the hardware preparations.
+
+### The building code's opening-protective table sets the ceiling on glazed area in a fire door: a 20-minute leaf with fire-protection-rated glazing may be glazed up to the full leaf, a 45-minute leaf up to 1,296 in², and a 60-minute or 90-minute leaf up to 100 in² unless the glazing is fire-resistance-rated. The leaf manufacturer's listing is commonly more restrictive than the table, particularly at 45 minutes and above, so a lite in a rated leaf is confirmed against the listing, not the table, before the opening is drawn. The glazing and the listed kit that holds it are governed by [[sync/fire-rated-glazing]], and this standard furnishes the cutout to the kit's size. {note}
+
+### The lite bead or kit furnished with the leaf shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Opaque finish sheen
−type: radio
+label: Lite Bead or Kit Furnished With the Leaf
+type: select
options:
− - Flat / matte
− - Eggshell
− - Satin
− - Semi-gloss
−default: Satin
+ - "Hardwood beads matching the face species"
+ - "Hardwood beads, paint grade"
+ - "Steel lite kit, factory primed"
+ - "Metal lite kit, factory finished to a scheduled color"
+ - "No bead furnished with the leaf, kit furnished with the glazing"
```
−## Factory opaque finishes vary widely in film build, durability, and VOC content; specifying only "opaque finish" produces inconsistent results between suppliers, and the system, coats, and sheen should be stated with VOC limits confirmed against the project's sustainability or local air-quality requirements. {note}
+### A hardwood bead reads with the face and is the bead a non-rated transparent-finish door receives; at a rated opening it is limited to the leaves and lite areas the listing permits with a wood bead, which are commonly the 20-minute leaves and the smaller 45-minute lites. A steel or metal kit is the listed kit for the larger 45-minute lites, for 60-minute and 90-minute lites, and for any lite the listing requires it on, and it is furnished primed for field painting or factory finished to a color. Where the glazing package furnishes the listed kit, the leaf arrives with the cutout only, and the two packages have to agree on the cutout size. {note}
−## Factory-applied finishes shall comply with the VOC content limit applicable to the project.
+### Lite beads and kits at rated leaves shall be the beads and kits named in the leaf's listing for the lite size furnished.
−## Where the project follows a green-building rating system or a local low-VOC ordinance, the factory finish must meet the governing VOC ceiling; this is confirmed during submittals so a compliant system is selected before the doors are finished, not after.
+### Louvers in non-rated leaves shall be wood louvers of the face species or of paint-grade hardwood, sightproof, and inserted in a factory cutout.
+### Louvers in fire-rated leaves shall be listed fusible-link louvers or listed intumescent louvers furnished within the leaf's listing, and shall not be installed in a leaf at an opening in an exit enclosure or a corridor where the building code prohibits them.
+
+# Sound-Rated Leaves {toc}
+
+## The sound transmission class required of the leaf at each opening shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Maximum finish VOC content
+label: Sound Transmission Class of the Leaf Assembly
type: range
−unit: "g/L"
−min: 0
−max: 350
−step: 25
−setpoints: [50, 250, 350]
+unit: STC
+drawing_ref: "the door schedule"
+min: 25
+max: 55
+setpoints: [25, 30, 33, 35, 38, 40, 45, 50, 55]
+default: deferred
```
−# Pre-Machining and Blocking {toc}
+## Openings carrying no scheduled sound transmission class shall carry no acoustic requirement under this standard.
−## Doors shall be factory pre-machined for all hardware preparations indicated on the hardware schedule, including locksets, closers, hinges, viewers, and electrical preps.
+## A sound-rated leaf shall be a construction that, with the perimeter seals, automatic door bottom, and threshold of its tested assembly, achieved the scheduled class in a test to ASTM E90 rated to ASTM E413.
+## The published rating of a leaf is the rating of a tested assembly, not of the slab. A standard solid-core leaf tests at roughly STC 30 with its seals and at far less without them, and the classes above about 40 are reached only with a purpose-built core and a seal set the manufacturer tested with that core. An opening is rated by its weakest path, so a leaf rated above the wall it sits in buys nothing. {note}
+
+## The acoustic seal set for sound-rated leaves shall be furnished as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Hardware preparation
+label: Acoustic Seal Set for Sound-Rated Leaves
type: radio
options:
− - Factory pre-machined per hardware schedule
− - Field-prepared (non-rated doors only)
−default: Factory pre-machined per hardware schedule
+ - "Furnished by the leaf manufacturer as the tested assembly"
+ - "Furnished under the hardware sets to the tested assembly's description"
```
−## Factory machining to the listed bolt patterns is required for rated doors and strongly preferred for all doors, because it is accurate, label-safe, and avoids field-cutting damage; pre-machining locations and patterns must be specified and confirmed against the hardware schedule before fabrication, or field cuts and RFIs follow. {note}
+## A seal set furnished by the leaf manufacturer is the set that was in the test, and one party is answerable for the rating. A seal set furnished under the hardware sets lets the hardware consultant hold one gasketing line across the project and is workable where the test report describes the seals by product type well enough to match, which is the case through the middle classes and rarely above them. {note}
−## Hollow-core doors shall be furnished with continuous wood blocking at lockset, closer, and hinge locations.
+## Where the seal set is furnished under the hardware sets, the Contractor shall submit the leaf manufacturer's written confirmation that the scheduled seals and threshold match the tested assembly before the hardware is procured.
−## Solid-core doors shall be treated as self-blocking for standard hardware unless special or oversized hardware requires added blocking.
+# Factory Finishing {toc}
−## Blocking locations for special hardware, continuous push/pull, Dutch doors, and anticipated future hardware shall be specified in the door schedule.
+## Finish State at Delivery {toc}
+### The finish state of the leaves at delivery shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Blocking
−type: checkbox
+label: Finish State at Delivery
+type: select
options:
− - Continuous blocking at lockset (hollow core)
− - Continuous blocking at closer (hollow core)
− - Continuous blocking at hinges (hollow core)
− - Continuous edge blocking (push/pull, Dutch)
− - Spot blocking for future hardware
−default: []
+ - "Unfinished, field finished under the painting work"
+ - "Factory sealed, field topcoat under the painting work"
+ - "Factory primed for a field-applied opaque finish"
+ - "Factory-applied transparent finish"
+ - "Factory-applied opaque finish"
```
−## Oversized and custom doors with non-standard hardware, hospital push/pull plates, or future signage and viewers need blocking placed during fabrication; omitting the blocking layout leads to RFIs when the Owner adds hardware after fabrication, when the leaf can no longer be opened up to add a core. {note}
+### A factory finish is applied in a controlled booth and cured before the leaf reaches a jobsite, which produces a harder film and a more uniform sheen than a field finish, keeps finishing odor and dust out of the building, and takes the leaf off the painting critical path. It also fixes the color before the adjacent millwork is finished, so a factory-finished door and a field-finished frame or casing are reconciled by sample rather than in place, and it leaves field repair of a damaged face to a touch-up kit. A field finish is applied under [[sync/interior-painting]] or [[sync/exterior-painting]], can be matched to the millwork in place, and costs the schedule the drying time. A factory seal with a field topcoat protects the leaf through delivery while leaving the color to the field. {note}
−# Testing {toc}
+### Leaves delivered unfinished or factory sealed shall be sealed on all six surfaces, including the top and bottom edges and every cutout, within the interval stated in the manufacturer's written instructions after the leaf is hung.
−## Heavy Duty doors shall be qualified to the WDMA I.S.1A Heavy Duty operational test, including the cycle, torsional-load, and weight tests for that duty level.
+### The top and bottom edges of every leaf shall be sealed before the leaf is installed, whether the leaf is factory finished or field finished.
−## WDMA I.S.1A Section 5 ties each duty level to laboratory tests: Heavy Duty requires a 1,000,000-cycle operation test plus torsional-load and weight resistance, while Standard Duty requires 500,000 cycles; the duty level specified under Quality Assurance therefore carries a defined, verifiable test basis rather than a marketing label. {note}
+## Transparent Finish System {toc}
−## Fire-rated doors shall be qualified by a fire-endurance test to UL 10C or ASTM E2074 under the positive-pressure protocol where the AHJ requires it.
+### The factory-applied transparent finish system shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## Acoustically rated doors shall be qualified by an ASTM E90 laboratory test, classified per ASTM E413, for the specific assembly furnished.
+```datasheet
+label: Factory Transparent Finish System
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Catalyzed lacquer"
+ - "Conversion varnish"
+ - "Catalyzed polyurethane"
+ - "Water-based polyurethane or acrylic"
+ - "Ultraviolet-cured polyurethane or acrylate"
+```
+### The Architectural Woodwork Standards describe the transparent systems by chemistry and rank them by film hardness, chemical resistance, and repairability. Catalyzed lacquer is the most repairable in place and the softest film. Conversion varnish and catalyzed polyurethane build a harder, more chemical-resistant film that is repaired by refinishing the face rather than by spot touch-up, and polyurethane is the system selected where cleaning agents are strong. Water-based systems carry the lowest solvent content and the least ambering over a light species. Ultraviolet-cured systems are cured on the line in seconds, build the hardest film, and are available only on faces the line can present to the lamp, which excludes most profiled stile-and-rail work. {note}
+
+### Stain color shall match the Architect's accepted finish sample on the specified species and cut.
+
+### The finish sheen shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Operational test cycles (WDMA duty level)
+label: Finish Sheen
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Flat"
+ - "Satin"
+ - "Semi-gloss"
+ - "Gloss"
+default: "Satin"
+```
+
+### Sheen is the measured specular gloss of the cured film. A flat sheen hides handling marks and finish repairs and shows the least figure; a gloss sheen shows every pore and every repair and is selected for a specific design effect. Satin and semi-gloss lie between, and a satin sheen on a door cleans without showing the cleaning. The Architectural Woodwork Standards state the gloss unit range each name denotes. {note}
+
+### Factory-applied opaque finishes shall be a catalyzed or ultraviolet-cured pigmented system in the color [[drawing: indicated on the finish schedule]], with the sheen selected above.
+
+## Emissions and Sourcing {toc}
+
+### Particleboard, medium density fiberboard, and hardwood plywood in the leaves shall comply with the formaldehyde emission limits of 40 CFR Part 770, and the binder class shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Composite Core and Crossband Binder
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Standard binder, compliant with 40 CFR Part 770"
+ - "No added urea formaldehyde"
+ - "No added formaldehyde"
+default: "Standard binder, compliant with 40 CFR Part 770"
+```
+
+### Every composite wood product sold in the United States meets the federal emission limit, which is the standard binder. A no-added-urea-formaldehyde binder removes the resin that off-gasses most and is the class most green-building rating systems credit; it is a stock option at most plants. A no-added-formaldehyde binder removes phenolic resins as well, is selected where the Owner's indoor air program requires it, and narrows the core suppliers. {note}
+
+### Factory finishes shall comply with the volatile organic compound limit in force at the manufacturing location and with any project sustainability requirement stated in the Contract Documents.
+
+### Wood sourcing certification shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Chain-of-Custody Certification
+type: select
+options:
+ - "Not required"
+ - "Forest Stewardship Council certified"
+ - "Sustainable Forestry Initiative or PEFC certified"
+default: "Not required"
+```
+
+### A chain-of-custody certificate traces the wood in the leaf to a certified forest through every party that handled it, and it is the document a green-building rating system or an Owner's procurement policy asks for. The Forest Stewardship Council scheme is the one most rating systems credit and narrows the veneer sources for some species. The Sustainable Forestry Initiative and PEFC schemes are credited by some systems and are more widely available in North American hardwoods. Certification follows the species selected, so an uncommon species under a strict scheme is confirmed as available before it is scheduled. {note}
+
+### Where a certification is selected, the manufacturer shall hold a current chain-of-custody certificate under that scheme, and the certificate number shall appear on the invoice for the leaves.
+
+# Hardware Preparation and Blocking {toc}
+
+## Factory Machining {toc}
+
+### Hardware preparation of the leaves shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Hardware Preparation
type: radio
options:
− - 250,000 cycles (Economy Duty)
− - 500,000 cycles (Standard Duty)
− - 1,000,000 cycles (Heavy Duty)
−unit: cycles
−default: 500,000 cycles (Standard Duty)
+ - "Factory machined for all hardware"
+ - "Factory machined for hinges and lock, field machined for surface hardware"
+ - "Field machined from a blank leaf"
+default: "Factory machined for all hardware"
```
−# Installation {toc}
+### Factory machining is cut to the hardware template on fixed tooling, so the preparation lands at the template dimension and the leaf arrives sealed at every cut. Field machining lets the hardware be settled after the leaves are ordered and is the only route for a leaf ordered before the hardware schedule exists, at the cost of jobsite accuracy and of unsealed cuts. Machining the hinge and lock at the factory and the surface hardware in the field is the compromise where the closers and plates are undecided at release. {note}
−## Doors shall not be installed until the frames are set plumb, square, and anchored, and the opening is ready to receive the leaf.
+### Fire-rated leaves shall be factory machined for all hardware within the preparation envelope of the leaf's listing, and field machining of a rated leaf shall be limited to the job-site preparations NFPA 80 permits.
−## A door hung in a racked or out-of-tolerance frame will not maintain rated clearances or close properly, and forcing the fit damages the leaf; frame readiness is a precondition, and the frame itself is furnished under [[sync/doors-frames-and-hardware]]. {note}
+### Field machining shall be limited to non-rated leaves, and shall be performed to the hardware manufacturer's templates.
−## Each door shall be installed to the clearances required by its listing for rated doors, or to the manufacturer's standard clearances for non-rated doors.
+### Hardware preparations shall be machined in accordance with ANSI/BHMA A156.115-W to the hardware templates, at the locations recommended by DHI WDHS.3 unless the hardware schedule or the door schedule locates a preparation otherwise.
−## Clearance under non-rated interior doors shall be set to the manufacturer's standard, typically 3/4 in. above the finished floor or floor covering where no threshold occurs.
+### The Contractor shall furnish the manufacturer with the approved hardware templates before the leaves are released for machining, and the leaves shall be machined for the hardware set [[drawing: the hardware schedule]] assigns to each opening.
−## Fire-rated doors shall be installed in compliance with NFPA 80, including hardware, clearances, and the requirement that the label remain legible and unpainted.
+## Blocking and Reinforcement {toc}
−## Doors shall be hung to swing freely and latch positively.
+### Leaves built on a particleboard, agrifiber, or hollow core shall be furnished with blocking at every hardware item fastened with screws into the core, in the sizes the manufacturer qualifies for the hardware.
−## Where self-closing is required, doors shall close and latch under the action of the closer alone.
+### Additional blocking shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
−## Field cutting of doors shall be limited to the manufacturer's permitted trim allowance, and rated doors shall not be field-cut beyond their listed tolerance.
+```datasheet
+label: Additional Hardware Blocking
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Lock blocks at both stiles"
+ - "Top rail blocking for a surface closer"
+ - "Bottom rail blocking for an automatic door bottom"
+ - "Mid-rail blocking for push and pull plates"
+ - "Blocking for future hardware at scheduled locations"
+default: []
+```
−## Trimming beyond the allowance exposes the core, unbalances the leaf, and on rated doors voids the label; where a leaf will not fit within the trim allowance the door is the wrong size and must be re-ordered, not forced.
+### Blocking is placed during lay-up and cannot be added once the faces are bonded. A structural composite lumber or stave lumber core holds a screw anywhere and needs none; a particleboard core holds standard hardware through the blocking the clause above requires, and the additional blocking is bought where the hardware schedule places a closer on the top rail, a door bottom on the bottom rail, or a plate mid-height, or where the Owner expects to add hardware later. {note}
−## Installed doors shall be adjusted, and any damaged or warped leaf shall be replaced rather than repaired in the field.
+### Where blocking for future hardware is selected, its locations shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the door schedule]].
−## Warp, delamination, and face damage are not field-repairable on an architectural door and are covered by the warranty; patched or planed-down doors fail inspection and shorten service life, and replacement is the correct remedy. {note}
+## Electrified Hardware Raceway {toc}
−# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
+### Leaves scheduled for electrified hardware shall be furnished with a factory-installed raceway and pull wire from the hinge preparation to each electrified device preparation, within the leaf's listing at rated openings.
−## Doors shall be delivered factory-wrapped and protected, and shall not be delivered until the building is enclosed and conditioned.
+### Raceway for electrified hardware shall be located so that the conductors of the power transfer hinge or the electric power transfer reach the device without passing through a lite cutout, a louver, or a lock block.
−## Premature delivery into an unconditioned building exposes the leaves to the same moisture swings that cause warp in service; the protective wrap stays on until the doors are ready to install and finish. {note}
+### The raceway is drilled through the core before the faces are bonded, which is why an electrified opening added after release means a surface-mounted conduit on the face or a new leaf. The power transfer, the electrified device, and its power supply are governed by [[sync/door-hardware]] and [[sync/access-control-systems]]; the leaf's obligation is the raceway. {note}
−## Doors shall be stored flat, fully supported on a level surface, in a dry, conditioned space, and shall not be stood on edge or leaned against walls.
+## Astragals and Undercuts {toc}
−## Storing doors on edge or unevenly supported induces a set that becomes permanent warp; flat, supported storage in the conditioned space preserves flatness until installation. {note}
+### Pairs of leaves shall be furnished with the astragal or meeting-edge profile the door schedule assigns, and at rated pairs the astragal shall be the profile, material, and attachment stated in the listing.
−## Doors shall be handled with clean gloves or clean hands, and shall not be dragged across one another.
+### Undercut at the bottom of each leaf shall be [[drawing: as indicated on the door schedule]], and at fire-rated leaves the clearance to the top of the floor covering shall not exceed 3/4 in. as NFPA 80 requires.
−## Veneer and factory finishes mark easily; dragging leaves scratches faces and edges, and clean handling avoids fingerprints and oil staining on transparent-finish faces that telegraph through the topcoat. {note}
+# Testing {toc}
−## Each door shall be sealed on all edges, including the top and bottom rails, before or promptly after installation.
+## Flush doors shall be qualified at the selected duty level by the WDMA test methods ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A assigns to that level, including cycle-slam to WDMA T.M. 6, hinge loading to WDMA T.M. 7, and screw holding to WDMA T.M. 10.
−## Unsealed top and bottom edges absorb moisture and are the most common path to field warp and edge swelling; sealing all six surfaces, including the often-overlooked top and bottom, is required to honor the flatness warranty.
+## Stile-and-rail doors shall be qualified at the selected duty level by the test methods ANSI/WDMA I.S.6A assigns to that level.
−# Warranty {toc}
+## The duty level fixes the test values. Each duty level in the WDMA industry standards is defined by a minimum result under each test method, so the cycle count, the hinge load, and the screw-holding force follow from the level selected and are not separate selections. {note}
−## The manufacturer shall provide a written warranty against defects in materials and workmanship, including delamination and warp beyond the manufacturer's flatness tolerance, for the period specified.
+## Fire-rated leaves shall be qualified by the listing laboratory's test to UL 10C, NFPA 252, or ASTM E2074 under the positive-pressure condition, and the listing shall cover the leaf as furnished.
−## Architectural flush doors are commonly warranted for the life of the installation for solid-core interior doors and for shorter terms for hollow-core and exterior doors; the warranty is conditioned on the doors being stored, sealed, finished, and serviced within the published environmental range, which is why the environmental and handling requirements above are enforceable, not advisory. {note}
+## Sound-rated leaves shall be qualified by the ASTM E90 laboratory test, rated to ASTM E413, of the assembly furnished.
−## The warranty shall cover the cost of replacement, including refinishing and rehanging, of any door that fails within the warranty period due to a covered defect.
+## Installed leaves shall be checked for warp, telegraphing, and squareness against the tolerances of ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A or ANSI/WDMA I.S.6A, and a leaf outside tolerance shall be replaced.
+## Warp is measured as the deviation of the face from a straightedge laid across the diagonals, telegraphing as the deviation of the face from a short straightedge laid across a core line, and squareness as the difference between the diagonals. The WDMA standards state the permitted values for each leaf size, and the values are the basis on which the manufacturer's flatness warranty is adjudicated. {note}
+
+## Fire-rated openings shall receive the acceptance test NFPA 80 requires after installation, and the Contractor shall correct any leaf that does not close and latch under its closer alone before the inspection is recorded.
+
+# Installation {toc}
+
+## Leaves shall not be installed until the frames are set plumb, square, and anchored, and the Contractor shall report to the Architect any frame that is not within the frame standard's tolerances before hanging a leaf in it.
+
+## Leaves shall be hung with the hinges, pivots, and closers the hardware schedule assigns, and shall swing freely and latch positively without binding at any point of travel.
+
+## Clearances between the leaf and the frame at the head and the jambs shall be 1/8 in., and clearance between the leaves of a pair shall be 1/8 in., each within a tolerance of 1/16 in., unless the leaf's listing or the hardware schedule requires otherwise.
+
+## Fire-rated leaves shall be installed to the clearances and with the components of their listing, in accordance with NFPA 80, and self-closing leaves shall close and latch under the action of the closer alone.
+
+## Field trimming shall be limited to the manufacturer's published allowance at each edge, and fire-rated leaves shall not be trimmed beyond the allowance stated in the listing.
+
+## The trim allowance protects the stile and rail depth that the hardware preparations and the edge seal rely on. A leaf that cannot be fitted within its allowance is the wrong size for the opening, and the remedy is a replacement leaf rather than a deeper cut. {note}
+
+## Edges exposed by field trimming or field machining shall be sealed before the leaf is hung, with the manufacturer's touch-up material at factory-finished leaves.
+
+## Leaves at accessible openings shall be hung so that the clear opening width and the maneuvering clearances required by ICC A117.1 are provided with the hardware in place.
+
+## Installed leaves shall be adjusted after the hardware is set, and a warped, delaminated, or face-damaged leaf shall be replaced rather than repaired in the field.
+
+## A planed-down, patched, or re-veneered leaf is outside the manufacturer's warranty and outside the appearance grade the project bought, and a face repair on a transparent finish is visible under every lighting condition the Owner will see it in. {note}
+
+# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}
+
+## Leaves shall be delivered in the manufacturer's protective wrap, marked with the opening mark on the top edge, and shall not be delivered before the conditions stated under Environmental and Service Conditions are met.
+
+## Leaves shall be stored flat on a level surface, on not less than three full-width supports, in a dry conditioned space, with the top leaf covered by an opaque protective sheet, and shall not be stood on edge or leaned against a wall.
+
+## Storing a leaf on edge or on uneven supports induces a set that becomes permanent warp, and sunlight through a window on a stacked transparent-finish leaf changes its color against the leaf beneath it. {note}
+
+## Leaves shall be handled with clean gloves, shall not be dragged across one another, and shall be carried rather than slid into the opening.
+
+## The protective wrap shall remain on each leaf until the leaf is ready to be fitted, and factory-finished leaves shall be protected from other trades until final acceptance.
+
+# Warranty {toc}
+
+## The manufacturer shall warrant the leaves against defects in materials and workmanship, against delamination, and against warp exceeding the tolerance of ANSI/WDMA I.S.1A or ANSI/WDMA I.S.6A, for not less than the period indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
−label: Warranty term
−type: radio
−options:
− - 1 year
− - 5 year
− - Life of installation (solid-core interior)
−default: Life of installation (solid-core interior)
+label: Minimum Manufacturer Warranty Period
+type: range
+unit: yr
+min: 1
+max: 10
+setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5, 10]
+default: 1
```
−# Spare Parts and Attic Stock {toc}
+## Where the manufacturer publishes a longer warranty or a life-of-installation warranty for the construction furnished, that longer warranty shall apply in addition to the period indicated in the datasheet and shall not be waived by it.
−## The Contractor shall furnish spare doors as attic stock where the Owner requires replacement leaves to be held on site.
+## The datasheet period is the enforceable floor for every construction on the project. Solid-core interior flush doors are commonly warranted for the life of the installation, hollow-core, stile-and-rail, and exterior-service leaves for shorter published terms, and the floor is set so that the shortest published term on the project is still a term the Owner accepted. {note}
+## The warranty shall cover the replacement of a defective leaf, including its finishing to match the adjacent leaves and its hanging with the hardware of the opening.
+
+## A warranted replacement shall carry a fresh warranty of the original period running from the date of the replacement, or the unexpired remainder of the original period, whichever ends later.
+
+## The warranty shall not extend to damage caused by moisture exposure outside the manufacturer's stated storage and installation conditions, by physical abuse, or by field modification outside the limits the manufacturer allows.
+
+## The Contractor shall bear the cost of removing and reinstalling adjacent work that must be disturbed to make a warranty replacement, and the cost of repairing collateral damage caused by the replacement.
+
+# Attic Stock and Maintenance Materials {toc}
+
+## The Contractor shall deliver to the Owner before final acceptance the number of spare finished leaves indicated in the datasheet, matched to the project's most numerous transparent-finish construction and machined for its hardware set.
+
```datasheet
−label: Attic stock (spare finished doors)
+label: Attic Stock, Spare Finished Leaves
type: range
unit: leaves
min: 0
−max: 10
+max: 20
step: 1
−setpoints: [0, 2]
+default: 0
```
−## For projects with many identical openings, a small attic stock of finished, matched doors lets the Owner replace a damaged leaf without re-ordering and re-matching, which is especially valuable for transparent-finish sets where later doors may not match the original flitch. {note}
+## A spare leaf cut from the project's flitch and finished with the project's doors lets the Owner replace a damaged leaf without re-matching, which a leaf ordered years later from another flitch will not do. The quantity follows the number of identical transparent-finish openings and the Owner's tolerance for a mismatched door in a matched set. {note}
+
+## The maintenance materials indicated in the datasheet shall be delivered with the attic stock, in labeled packaging identifying the construction and finish they serve.
+
+```datasheet
+label: Maintenance Materials
+type: checkbox
+options:
+ - "Touch-up finish kit for each factory finish"
+ - "Spare lite beads of each type furnished"
+ - "Spare louvers of each type furnished"
+default:
+ - "Touch-up finish kit for each factory finish"
+```
+
+## The Contractor shall obtain a signed receipt from the Owner for the attic stock and maintenance materials delivered, and shall include the receipt in the closeout submittals.