Architectural Wood Trim and Paneling
Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
Showing changes from Rev 5
to Rev 6
in Architectural Wood Trim and Paneling.
---
title: Architectural Wood Trim and Paneling
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### A mockup is typically a panel module showing the leaf and assembly match, the trim profile and a joint, the reveal or shadow line, and the specified finish. {note}
+### Where required by the contract documents, the Contractor shall provide a full-size mockup of a representative paneled wall or trim assembly for the Architect's review and approval of grade, species, match, profile, and finish.
+
```datasheet
label: Mockup Required
…5 unchanged lines
```
−### Where required by the contract documents, the Contractor shall provide a full-size mockup of a representative paneled wall or trim assembly for the Architect's review and approval of grade, species, match, profile, and finish.
−
### The approved mockup shall establish the standard of quality for the work and may be incorporated into the finished work if undamaged and in an approved location.
…76 unchanged lines
## The quality grade is the governing decision for the standard. {note}
+## The architectural woodwork quality grade shall be specified as Economy, Custom, or Premium, and that grade shall govern the requirements selected elsewhere in this standard.
+
```datasheet
label: Architectural Woodwork Quality Grade
…23 unchanged lines
### The shop drawings and finish schedule shall make clear which grade governs each location.
−# Materials {toc}
+# Lumber Species and Grade {toc}
−## Lumber Species and Grade {toc}
−
```datasheet
label: Solid-Lumber Species (transparent finish)
…21 unchanged lines
```
−### Solid-lumber trim, stiles, rails, and ornamental members shall be of the species, cut, and grade scheduled, and shall meet the appearance and defect requirements of the specified AWS / ANSI/AWI grade for the chosen finish.
+## Solid-lumber trim, stiles, rails, and ornamental members shall be of the species, cut, and grade scheduled, and shall meet the appearance and defect requirements of the specified AWS / ANSI/AWI grade for the chosen finish.
−#### The species governs color, hardness, grain figure, cost, and whether the woodwork is intended for a transparent finish (a species selected for its figure and color such as oak, maple, cherry, or walnut, with its grain exposed) or an opaque finish (a close-grained paintable species such as poplar, a paint-grade hardwood, or MDF for profiled members, because the paint hides the grain and a less expensive paint-grade species is appropriate). {note}
+### The species governs color, hardness, grain figure, cost, and whether the woodwork is intended for a transparent finish (a species selected for its figure and color such as oak, maple, cherry, or walnut, with its grain exposed) or an opaque finish (a close-grained paintable species such as poplar, a paint-grade hardwood, or MDF for profiled members, because the paint hides the grain and a less expensive paint-grade species is appropriate). {note}
−## Lumber Cut {toc}
+# Lumber Cut {toc}
−### The cut of the lumber and veneer — how the log is sawn relative to the growth rings — determines the grain pattern that shows on the face and how the wood moves with changes in moisture. {note}
+## The cut of the lumber and veneer — how the log is sawn relative to the growth rings — determines the grain pattern that shows on the face and how the wood moves with changes in moisture. {note}
+## The lumber and veneer cut shall be specified, establishing the grain pattern shown on the face and how the wood moves with changes in moisture.
+
```datasheet
label: Lumber and Veneer Cut
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### Plain-sawn (flat-sawn) lumber shows the familiar cathedral or "flame" grain, is the most economical and highest-yield cut, and is the default for most trim and paneling. {note}
+## Plain-sawn (flat-sawn) lumber shows the familiar cathedral or "flame" grain, is the most economical and highest-yield cut, and is the default for most trim and paneling. {note}
−### Quarter-sawn lumber, cut radially, shows a straight, vertical grain (and, in oak, the prized ray fleck), is more dimensionally stable across its width, and is selected where a straight-grain appearance or maximum stability is wanted. {note}
+## Quarter-sawn lumber, cut radially, shows a straight, vertical grain (and, in oak, the prized ray fleck), is more dimensionally stable across its width, and is selected where a straight-grain appearance or maximum stability is wanted. {note}
−### Rift-sawn lumber, cut at an angle between plain and quarter, shows a very straight, tight, uniform grain with no flecking and is the most material-intensive and costly cut, used for the most refined straight-grain work. {note}
+## Rift-sawn lumber, cut at an angle between plain and quarter, shows a very straight, tight, uniform grain with no flecking and is the most material-intensive and costly cut, used for the most refined straight-grain work. {note}
−## Veneer for Transparent-Finished Paneling {toc}
+# Veneer for Transparent-Finished Paneling {toc}
```datasheet
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### Transparent-finished wood paneling shall use a decorative wood veneer conforming to ANSI/HPVA HP-1, of the species and cut scheduled, laid up over the specified panel core.
+## Transparent-finished wood paneling shall use a decorative wood veneer conforming to ANSI/HPVA HP-1, of the species and cut scheduled, laid up over the specified panel core.
−### The veneer grade, species, and cut shall meet the requirements of the specified AWS / ANSI/AWI grade.
+## The veneer grade, species, and cut shall meet the requirements of the specified AWS / ANSI/AWI grade.
−#### Veneer paneling is preferred to solid-wood paneling for almost all flat and stile-and-rail paneling because a veneered panel is dimensionally stable and flat where a wide solid-wood panel would cup and split, because a single flitch yields enough matched veneer to clad a wall in one continuous figure, and because the figured and exotic species used for feature walls are available only as veneer. {note}
+### Veneer paneling is preferred to solid-wood paneling for almost all flat and stile-and-rail paneling because a veneered panel is dimensionally stable and flat where a wide solid-wood panel would cup and split, because a single flitch yields enough matched veneer to clad a wall in one continuous figure, and because the figured and exotic species used for feature walls are available only as veneer. {note}
−## Veneer Leaf Matching {toc}
+# Veneer Leaf Matching {toc}
−### Within a single panel face, the individual veneer leaves are matched to one another to set the figure. {note}
+## Within a single panel face, the individual veneer leaves are matched to one another to set the figure. {note}
+## The veneer leaf match within each panel face shall be specified to set the figure formed by the individual veneer leaves.
+
```datasheet
label: Veneer Leaf Match (within each panel face)
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### Book match — turning every other leaf over so adjacent leaves mirror each other at the joint like the open pages of a book — is the standard and most widely used match, giving maximum grain continuity across the joints and a symmetrical figure. {note}
+## Book match — turning every other leaf over so adjacent leaves mirror each other at the joint like the open pages of a book — is the standard and most widely used match, giving maximum grain continuity across the joints and a symmetrical figure. {note}
−### Slip match — sliding successive leaves out without flipping them, so the same face of each leaf shows and the figure repeats without mirroring — is used to avoid the barber-pole effect that book matching can produce in certain ribbon-stripe veneers and to give a more uniform, repeating pattern. {note}
+## Slip match — sliding successive leaves out without flipping them, so the same face of each leaf shows and the figure repeats without mirroring — is used to avoid the barber-pole effect that book matching can produce in certain ribbon-stripe veneers and to give a more uniform, repeating pattern. {note}
−### Random (plank) match — placing leaves without regard to grain continuity, deliberately mixing color and figure — gives a casual, planked, unmatched appearance and is used where a non-uniform, board-like look is the design intent. {note}
+## Random (plank) match — placing leaves without regard to grain continuity, deliberately mixing color and figure — gives a casual, planked, unmatched appearance and is used where a non-uniform, board-like look is the design intent. {note}
−## Veneer Panel-Face Assembly Match {toc}
+# Veneer Panel-Face Assembly Match {toc}
−### Separately from how leaves are matched to one another, the leaves are arranged on the panel face to set its symmetry. {note}
+## Separately from how leaves are matched to one another, the leaves are arranged on the panel face to set its symmetry. {note}
+## The veneer assembly match across each panel face shall be specified to set the symmetry of the leaves arranged on that face.
+
```datasheet
label: Veneer Assembly Match (across each panel face)
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### Running match assembles each face from as many leaves as the width requires, with no attempt to make the leaves equal in width or symmetrical, so panel faces are not uniform from one to the next; it is the most economical assembly and is used where panels are not seen side by side. {note}
+## Running match assembles each face from as many leaves as the width requires, with no attempt to make the leaves equal in width or symmetrical, so panel faces are not uniform from one to the next; it is the most economical assembly and is used where panels are not seen side by side. {note}
−### Balance match uses leaves of an equal width on each face so the face is symmetrical (an even or odd number of equal leaves), giving a consistent, balanced appearance across panels. {note}
+## Balance match uses leaves of an equal width on each face so the face is symmetrical (an even or odd number of equal leaves), giving a consistent, balanced appearance across panels. {note}
−### Center-balance match uses an even number of equal-width leaves with a single grain joint centered on the panel face; it is the most symmetrical and refined assembly, the most labor- and material-intensive, and the default for the most visible Premium work. {note}
+## Center-balance match uses an even number of equal-width leaves with a single grain joint centered on the panel face; it is the most symmetrical and refined assembly, the most labor- and material-intensive, and the default for the most visible Premium work. {note}
−## Panel-to-Panel Sequence Matching {toc}
+# Panel-to-Panel Sequence Matching {toc}
−### Across a wall elevation, the finished panels are matched to one another so the figure flows from panel to panel rather than changing abruptly at each joint. {note}
+## Across a wall elevation, the finished panels are matched to one another so the figure flows from panel to panel rather than changing abruptly at each joint. {note}
+## The panel-to-panel sequence matching across a wall elevation shall be specified so the figure flows between panels rather than changing abruptly at each joint.
+
```datasheet
label: Panel-to-Panel Sequence Matching (across a wall elevation)
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### Sequence matching lays up the panels for a wall from one flitch in the order they are cut and installs them in that order, so the grain progresses naturally across the wall. {note}
+## Sequence matching lays up the panels for a wall from one flitch in the order they are cut and installs them in that order, so the grain progresses naturally across the wall. {note}
−### Blueprint matching is the most exacting: each panel and each component (including the panels over and around doors and openings) is sized and cut to the actual field dimensions from the shop drawings so the veneer figure is continuous across the entire elevation as drawn. {note}
+## Blueprint matching is the most exacting: each panel and each component (including the panels over and around doors and openings) is sized and cut to the actual field dimensions from the shop drawings so the veneer figure is continuous across the entire elevation as drawn. {note}
−### Premanufactured sets are matched within each set but not from set to set, and are used where individual panels are not installed in a continuous run. {note}
+## Premanufactured sets are matched within each set but not from set to set, and are used where individual panels are not installed in a continuous run. {note}
−## Panel Product and Core {toc}
+# Panel Product and Core {toc}
```datasheet
…8 unchanged lines
```
−### Veneered and laminate-faced paneling shall be built on a flat, stable manufactured core rather than on solid wood.
+## Veneered and laminate-faced paneling shall be built on a flat, stable manufactured core rather than on solid wood.
−#### Particleboard core (ANSI A208.1) is flat, dimensionally stable, economical, and the standard core for most veneered and laminate paneling; MDF core (ANSI A208.2) is denser and smoother with a superior machined edge, preferred for thin face veneers and opaque-painted profiled paneling and machining crisply for routed reveals and profiles; and veneer-core hardwood plywood (ANSI/HPVA HP-1) is lighter, holds fasteners well in its edges, resists incidental moisture better than particleboard, and is selected where weight or edge screw-holding matters or a bending plywood is required for a curved panel. {note}
+### Particleboard core (ANSI A208.1) is flat, dimensionally stable, economical, and the standard core for most veneered and laminate paneling; MDF core (ANSI A208.2) is denser and smoother with a superior machined edge, preferred for thin face veneers and opaque-painted profiled paneling and machining crisply for routed reveals and profiles; and veneer-core hardwood plywood (ANSI/HPVA HP-1) is lighter, holds fasteners well in its edges, resists incidental moisture better than particleboard, and is selected where weight or edge screw-holding matters or a bending plywood is required for a curved panel. {note}
−## Laminate-Faced Paneling {toc}
+# Laminate-Faced Paneling {toc}
```datasheet
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### Where paneling is faced with high-pressure decorative laminate rather than wood veneer, the laminate shall conform to NEMA LD 3 and shall be the vertical grade (VGS) appropriate to a wall surface.
+## Where paneling is faced with high-pressure decorative laminate rather than wood veneer, the laminate shall conform to NEMA LD 3 and shall be the vertical grade (VGS) appropriate to a wall surface.
−### The laminate shall be balanced with a backing sheet on the reverse of the core so the panel does not warp toward the faced side.
+## The laminate shall be balanced with a backing sheet on the reverse of the core so the panel does not warp toward the faced side.
−#### Laminate-faced paneling is used where a durable, cleanable, color-stable wall surface is wanted without the cost and maintenance of a wood finish; it is not a substitute for a casework or countertop surface (see [[sync/wood-and-laminate-casework]]). {note}
+### Laminate-faced paneling is used where a durable, cleanable, color-stable wall surface is wanted without the cost and maintenance of a wood finish; it is not a substitute for a casework or countertop surface (see [[sync/wood-and-laminate-casework]]). {note}
−## Adhesives {toc}
+# Adhesives {toc}
```datasheet
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### Adhesives used to bond veneer to core, to laminate components, and to install paneling shall be appropriate to the substrate and the service condition.
+## Adhesives used to bond veneer to core, to laminate components, and to install paneling shall be appropriate to the substrate and the service condition.
−### Adhesives shall be low-emitting where a low-emitting-materials requirement applies.
+## Adhesives shall be low-emitting where a low-emitting-materials requirement applies.
−#### Adhesives in composite-wood panel products are subject to the same formaldehyde-emission limits as the panels themselves. {note}
+### Adhesives in composite-wood panel products are subject to the same formaldehyde-emission limits as the panels themselves. {note}
−## Fasteners {toc}
+# Fasteners {toc}
```datasheet
…8 unchanged lines
```
−### Trim and paneling shall be fastened with concealed fasteners wherever the grade and detail permit.
+## Trim and paneling shall be fastened with concealed fasteners wherever the grade and detail permit.
−### Exposed face nailing shall be limited to where it is unavoidable, shall use finish nails set below the surface, and the holes shall be filled to match the finish.
+## Exposed face nailing shall be limited to where it is unavoidable, shall use finish nails set below the surface, and the holes shall be filled to match the finish.
−#### Concealed methods — blind nailing through the tongue or back of a member, hanging clips and French cleats for panels, and adhesive in combination with mechanical fastening — produce the clean, fastener-free face expected at Custom and Premium grade. {note}
+### Concealed methods — blind nailing through the tongue or back of a member, hanging clips and French cleats for panels, and adhesive in combination with mechanical fastening — produce the clean, fastener-free face expected at Custom and Premium grade. {note}
−## Fire-Retardant Treatment {toc}
+# Fire-Retardant Treatment {toc}
```datasheet
…20 unchanged lines
```
−### Where the trim or paneling is regulated by the building code as an interior wall or ceiling finish, the woodwork shall meet the surface-burning classification required for the occupancy and location under ASTM E84 (or UL 723).
+## Where the trim or paneling is regulated by the building code as an interior wall or ceiling finish, the woodwork shall meet the surface-burning classification required for the occupancy and location under ASTM E84 (or UL 723).
−### Fire-retardant-treated wood shall be provided where that classification cannot otherwise be achieved.
+## Fire-retardant-treated wood shall be provided where that classification cannot otherwise be achieved.
−### Interior fire-retardant-treated wood shall be pressure-impregnated and classified under AWPA U1, Use Category UCFA (interior, weather-protected), and shall carry the treater's classification label.
+## Interior fire-retardant-treated wood shall be pressure-impregnated and classified under AWPA U1, Use Category UCFA (interior, weather-protected), and shall carry the treater's classification label.
−### The treatment shall be Interior Type A so that the woodwork does not gain excessive moisture or lose its fire-retardant performance under the humidity swings of an occupied building.
+## The treatment shall be Interior Type A so that the woodwork does not gain excessive moisture or lose its fire-retardant performance under the humidity swings of an occupied building.
−### A listed intumescent or fire-rated coating applied over untreated wood shall be used only where it is the basis of the listed assembly.
+## A listed intumescent or fire-rated coating applied over untreated wood shall be used only where it is the basis of the listed assembly.
−### The treatment shall be applied before the woodwork is milled to its final profile to the extent practicable.
+## The treatment shall be applied before the woodwork is milled to its final profile to the extent practicable.
−### Any field cuts in treated wood shall be re-treated with the manufacturer's field-applied fire-retardant where required to maintain the classification.
+## Any field cuts in treated wood shall be re-treated with the manufacturer's field-applied fire-retardant where required to maintain the classification.
−### The Contractor shall submit the ASTM E84 test report for the assembly as it will be installed, which governs whether treatment is needed.
+## The Contractor shall submit the ASTM E84 test report for the assembly as it will be installed, which governs whether treatment is needed.
−#### Fire-retardant treatment is a chemical pressure treatment of the wood, not a surface coating; an intumescent or fire-rated coating applied over untreated wood is a different approach. {note}
+### Fire-retardant treatment is a chemical pressure treatment of the wood, not a surface coating; an intumescent or fire-rated coating applied over untreated wood is a different approach. {note}
−#### A thin wood veneer (typically 1/28 in. or thinner) bonded to a noncombustible or fire-rated substrate often achieves a Class A classification as an assembly without treating the wood, because the small mass of the veneer cannot sustain flame spread; the ASTM E84 report for the actual assembly governs whether treatment is needed. {note}
+### A thin wood veneer (typically 1/28 in. or thinner) bonded to a noncombustible or fire-rated substrate often achieves a Class A classification as an assembly without treating the wood, because the small mass of the veneer cannot sustain flame spread; the ASTM E84 report for the actual assembly governs whether treatment is needed. {note}
−## Composite-Wood Formaldehyde Compliance {toc}
+# Composite-Wood Formaldehyde Compliance {toc}
```datasheet
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### All composite-wood panel components of the trim and paneling — particleboard, MDF, and hardwood plywood — shall comply with the formaldehyde emission standards of EPA TSCA Title VI (40 CFR Part 770) and CARB ATCM 93120 (Phase 2), and shall be labeled or certified accordingly.
+## All composite-wood panel components of the trim and paneling — particleboard, MDF, and hardwood plywood — shall comply with the formaldehyde emission standards of EPA TSCA Title VI (40 CFR Part 770) and CARB ATCM 93120 (Phase 2), and shall be labeled or certified accordingly.
−### Where the project pursues a low-emitting-materials credit or serves a sensitive occupancy (healthcare, schools, childcare), no-added-formaldehyde (NAF) or ultra-low-emitting-formaldehyde (ULEF) composite wood should be specified.
+## Where the project pursues a low-emitting-materials credit or serves a sensitive occupancy (healthcare, schools, childcare), no-added-formaldehyde (NAF) or ultra-low-emitting-formaldehyde (ULEF) composite wood should be specified.
−### Emissions may be verified by small-scale chamber testing under ASTM D5116 where required by the contract documents.
+## Emissions may be verified by small-scale chamber testing under ASTM D5116 where required by the contract documents.
−#### EPA TSCA Title VI (40 CFR Part 770) and CARB ATCM 93120 (Phase 2) set identical emission limits, and compliance is mandatory for composite-wood products sold in the United States and is not optional. {note}
+### EPA TSCA Title VI (40 CFR Part 770) and CARB ATCM 93120 (Phase 2) set identical emission limits, and compliance is mandatory for composite-wood products sold in the United States and is not optional. {note}
# Fabrication {toc}
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### In an acoustic slat system the slats are spaced over an acoustically absorptive backing and the reveal is the acoustic opening. {note}
+### Wood slat (linear) systems — parallel slats or planks mounted on a concealed carrier, backer, or grid with an open or acoustically backed reveal between slats — shall be fabricated as a coordinated system with the slat module, reveal, carrier, and end and edge conditions as shown on the drawings.
+
```datasheet
label: Wood Slat / Linear System Type (where specified)
…8 unchanged lines
```
−### Wood slat (linear) systems — parallel slats or planks mounted on a concealed carrier, backer, or grid with an open or acoustically backed reveal between slats — shall be fabricated as a coordinated system with the slat module, reveal, carrier, and end and edge conditions as shown on the drawings.
−
### Where the system is acoustic, the slat module and reveal shall not be altered in the field because they set both the appearance and the acoustic performance.
…75 unchanged lines
# Installation {toc}
−## General {toc}
+## Trim and paneling shall be installed after the space is enclosed, conditioned, and dry, after wet finishes are complete, and after the woodwork has acclimatized to the interior conditions.
−### Trim and paneling shall be installed after the space is enclosed, conditioned, and dry, after wet finishes are complete, and after the woodwork has acclimatized to the interior conditions.
+## The Contractor shall install the woodwork to the requirements of the specified installation grade (ANSI/AWI 0620 or the AWS installation grade), plumb, level, true, and securely fastened, with tight, properly fitted joints, uniform reveals, and the figure and sequence of veneered panels installed in the order shown on the approved veneer-layout drawing.
−### The Contractor shall install the woodwork to the requirements of the specified installation grade (ANSI/AWI 0620 or the AWS installation grade), plumb, level, true, and securely fastened, with tight, properly fitted joints, uniform reveals, and the figure and sequence of veneered panels installed in the order shown on the approved veneer-layout drawing.
−
## Blocking and Backing {toc}
### Blocking is furnished and installed under the wall and ceiling trades and coordinated on the woodwork shop drawings. {note}
+### The Contractor shall verify before installation that solid, continuous in-wall and in-ceiling blocking or backing has been provided at every panel-hanging location, at heavy and large panels, at slat-system carriers, and at trim that cannot be reliably fastened to framing or furring alone.
+
```datasheet
label: Blocking and Backing Verified Before Installation
…5 unchanged lines
```
−### The Contractor shall verify before installation that solid, continuous in-wall and in-ceiling blocking or backing has been provided at every panel-hanging location, at heavy and large panels, at slat-system carriers, and at trim that cannot be reliably fastened to framing or furring alone.
−
### The Contractor shall confirm the presence and location of blocking and shall notify the Architect of missing or mislocated blocking before proceeding.
…135 unchanged lines
#### The most common cause of in-service paneling and trim failure is not a defect in the woodwork but a building allowed to swing far outside the humidity range the woodwork was fabricated for, which drives the cupping, splitting, and open joints that the floating-panel and movement provisions can only partly absorb. {note}