1 Scope

NOTE This standard covers site fencing and the gates in it, including the fabric or panel, the framework and posts, footings and anchorage, toppings and screening, gate leaves and hardware, automated vehicular gate operators, and the entrapment protection a powered gate requires. (1.1)

NOTE A fence is assembled in the field from stock components, so nearly everything that determines how it performs is a separate selection: what the fabric or panel is made of, how heavy the framework is, how deep the posts go, what the top and bottom of the fence do, and what each gate has to do. This standard puts each of those on its own datasheet field rather than bundling them into a single duty grade. (1.2)

NOTE Automating a gate changes what the gate is. A manual gate is a passive barrier. A powered gate is a machine that can crush, shear, or trap a person, and it is governed by two separate obligations: UL 325 covers the operator, and ASTM F2200 covers the construction of the gate the operator moves. Compliance with one does not establish compliance with the other. (1.3)

NOTE The following are outside the scope of this standard: (1.4)

Crash-rated anti-ram vehicle barriers, bollards, and gates certified to ASTM F2656/F2656M, which require a project-specific perimeter security specification
Guardrail, bollards, and other vehicle-impact protection whose function is arresting a vehicle rather than controlling access
Agricultural woven-wire, high-tensile, and electrified livestock fence
Wood, vinyl, and composite fence systems
Handrails and guards at stairs, ramps, and walking surfaces, which are covered by Metal Stairs And RailingsMetal Stairs and RailingsResolves to the current edition.sync/metal-stairs-and-railings
Freestanding masonry and concrete screen walls and sound barrier walls, which are covered by Cast In Place ConcreteCast-in-Place ConcreteResolves to the current edition.sync/cast-in-place-concrete
Sports netting, backstops, and batting cages beyond fence fabric carried on fence framework
The credential readers, intercoms, keypads, gate controller, and head-end logic that decide when an automated gate opens, which are covered by Access Control SystemsAccess Control SystemsResolves to the current edition.sync/access-control-systems
Earthwork, grading, and subgrade preparation along fence lines and at gate slabs, which are covered by EarthworkEarthworkResolves to the current edition.sync/earthwork

1.5 The fence line, the fence system used on each run, gate locations, and gate swing or travel direction shall be as shown on the fence layout plan.

1.6 The Contractor shall coordinate grading, subgrade, and finished grade along fence lines and at gate slabs with the work of EarthworkEarthworkResolves to the current edition.sync/earthwork.

1.7 The Contractor shall coordinate post footing concrete and gate operator pads with the work of Cast In Place ConcreteCast-in-Place ConcreteResolves to the current edition.sync/cast-in-place-concrete.

1.8 The Contractor shall coordinate the raceway, power, control wiring, and detection loops serving automated and electrically locked gates with the work of Access Control SystemsAccess Control SystemsResolves to the current edition.sync/access-control-systems.

1.9 Where this standard conflicts with the contract drawings or the geotechnical report, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.

2 Referenced Standards

2.1 Materials, fabrication, coatings, testing, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.

2.2 Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.

Standard	Title
ASTM A121	Metallic-Coated Carbon Steel Barbed Wire
ASTM A123/A123M	Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
ASTM A153/A153M	Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware
ASTM A392	Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric
ASTM A491	Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric
ASTM A780/A780M	Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings
ASTM B117	Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
ASTM D3359	Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
ASTM F552	Terminology Relating to Chain Link Fencing
ASTM F567	Installation of Chain-Link Fence
ASTM F626	Fence Fittings
ASTM F668	Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyolefin, and Other Polymer-Coated Steel Chain Link Fence Fabric
ASTM F900	Industrial and Commercial Swing Gates
ASTM F1043	Strength and Protective Coatings on Steel Industrial Fence Framework
ASTM F1083	Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated Welded, for Fence Structures
ASTM F1184	Industrial and Commercial Horizontal Slide Gates
ASTM F1345	Zinc-5% Aluminum-Mischmetal Alloy-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric
ASTM F1665	Poly Vinyl Chloride and Other Organic Polymer-Coated Steel Barbed Wire
ASTM F2200	Automated Vehicular Gate Construction
ASTM F2408	Ornamental Fences Employing Galvanized Steel Tubular Pickets
ASTM F2453/F2453M	Welded Wire Mesh Fence Fabric, Metallic-Coated or Polymer Coated, for Meshes of 6 in² or Less
ASTM F2589	Ornamental Fences Employing Steel Tubular Pickets
ASTM F2611	Design and Construction of Chain Link Security Fencing
ASTM F2656/F2656M	Crash Testing of Vehicle Security Barriers
ASTM F2814	Design and Construction of Ornamental Steel Picket Fence Systems for Security Purposes
ASTM F2957	Ornamental Fences Employing Aluminum Tubular Pickets
ASTM F3204	Design and Construction of Welded Wire Fence Systems for Security Purposes
UL 325	Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and Window Operators and Systems
ANSI/BHMA A156.31	Electric Strikes and Frame Mounted Actuators
AAMA 2604	High Performance Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels
AAMA 2605	Superior Performing Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels
ASCE/SEI 7	Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures
ICC A117.1	Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities
ICC ISPSC	International Swimming Pool and Spa Code
NFPA 70	National Electrical Code

NOTE ASTM F1234, which formerly covered protective coatings on steel fence framework, was withdrawn in 1995. Framework coatings are governed by ASTM F1043, and a specification that still calls for an F1234 coating class is citing a document ASTM no longer publishes. (2.3)

3 Submittals

3.1 Action Submittals

NOTE Action submittals are the last point at which a coating class, a post size, a gate width, or an entrapment-protection layout can be corrected without a change order, because fence components are cut and coated to order. (3.1.1)

3.1.2 The Contractor shall submit the following for review and shall not release fence or gate materials for fabrication until the submittals have been returned:

Product data for fabric or panel, framework, fittings, gates, gate hardware, and gate operators, each identifying its governing ASTM standard, coating designation, wire size or wall thickness, and finish
Shop drawings showing fence elevations for each run, the post schedule by type, footing details with embedment depth and diameter, brace and truss arrangements, and grounding and bonding points
Gate shop drawings showing each leaf, its clear opening, its swing or travel and run-back, hinge and latch locations, and the ground clearance at each point along the travel path
Gate operator data, including the UL 325 listing, the operator usage class, the drive type, the entrapment-protection means provided in each direction of travel, and the field wiring and interface schedule
A written ASTM F2200 gate construction compliance statement for each automated gate leaf, identifying how each construction provision is satisfied on that leaf
Metallic coating and polymer coating certifications from the mill or applicator, stating coating weight or thickness for fabric, framework, fittings, and gate frames
Finish color samples covering the full standard color line offered for the specified finish system
Finish test reports covering coating adhesion and salt-spray corrosion resistance
Concrete mix design or product data for post footing concrete, coordinated with Cast In Place ConcreteCast-in-Place ConcreteResolves to the current edition.sync/cast-in-place-concrete
Signed and sealed structural calculations for fence framework, posts, and footings where the design wind load or the gate leaf weight requires engineered members

Action Submittals Requiredcheckbox

☑ Product data for fabric, framework, fittings, gates, hardware, and operators

☑ Fence shop drawings with elevations, post schedule, and footing details

☑ Gate shop drawings with clear openings, travel, and ground clearance

☐ Gate operator data with UL 325 listing, usage class, and entrapment means

☐ ASTM F2200 gate construction compliance statement per automated leaf

☑ Metallic and polymer coating certifications

☑ Finish color samples, full standard color line

☐ Finish test reports for adhesion and salt-spray resistance

☑ Footing concrete mix design or product data

☐ Sealed structural calculations for framework, posts, and footings

3.1.3 Product data shall state the wire size of fabric and mesh both as a gauge number and as a decimal diameter in inches, so that the submitted product can be compared against the datasheet selection without reference to a manufacturer's gauge chart.

3.1.4 Shop drawings shall be prepared from field measurements of the staked fence line and the actual grade along it, not from the contract drawings alone.

3.1.5 Where the Contractor proposes a component that differs from a datasheet selection, the proposal shall be identified as a deviation on the transmittal and shall state the value offered for the differing property.

3.2 Closeout Submittals

NOTE Closeout submittals give the Owner what is needed to operate the gates, to test the entrapment protection on the schedule the operator manufacturer sets, and to enforce the warranties. (3.2.1)

3.2.2 The Contractor shall deliver the following at substantial completion:

Operation and maintenance manuals for each gate operator, including the periodic test procedure for entrapment-protection devices and the manual-release procedure
Written certification that each automated vehicular gate and its operator were installed in compliance with UL 325 and ASTM F2200, listing each entrapment-protection device and the date it was tested
An as-built record showing the installed fence line, post locations, gate locations and travel, grounding and bonding points, and every deviation from the contract drawings
Manufacturer warranty documentation for fence materials, gates, gate operators, and polymer and powder-coat finishes
The interface record for each automated gate, identifying the operator terminals left for connection by the access-control installer and the function assigned to each
Care and maintenance instructions stating the cleaning agents the finish warranty permits and those it excludes
An inventory of the spare parts and special tools furnished under this standard

Closeout Submittals Requiredcheckbox

☑ Gate operator operation and maintenance manuals

☑ Written UL 325 and ASTM F2200 compliance and entrapment-test certification

☑ As-built record of fence line, posts, gates, and grounding

☑ Manufacturer warranty documentation

☐ Access-control interface record per automated gate

☑ Care and maintenance instructions with permitted cleaning agents

☐ Spare parts and special tools inventory

3.2.3 The entrapment-test certification shall be transmitted before any automated gate is placed in service, not held for the closeout package.

4 Quality Assurance

4.1 Installer Qualifications

4.1.1 Fence and gate work shall be performed by an installer regularly engaged in the erection of fence systems of the type specified, with not less than three years of such work under its current ownership.

4.1.2 The installer shall furnish, on request, the location and completion date of not fewer than three installations of comparable scope and fence system.

4.1.3 Automated vehicular gate operators shall be installed and commissioned by personnel holding the qualification selected in the datasheet.

Automated Gate Operator Installer Qualificationradio

○ Not applicable, no automated gates on this project

○ Installer trained and certified by the operator manufacturer

○ Installer holding a recognized automated gate systems installer certification

○ Installer trained and certified by the operator manufacturer and holding a recognized automated gate systems installer certification

NOTE The entrapment-protection provisions of UL 325 and ASTM F2200 are satisfied by field configuration, not by product selection alone: an operator that carries the UL 325 listing but is installed without its required entrapment-protection devices, or with those devices unmonitored or aimed at nothing, does not comply. (4.1.4)

4.2 Responsibility for Automated Gate Compliance

4.2.1 The Contractor shall deliver a complete, compliant automated gate system, not merely a listed operator.

4.2.2 Every automated vehicular gate operator shall be listed to UL 325.

4.2.3 Every gate that is automated, or that is designed and installed to be automated later, shall be constructed in accordance with ASTM F2200.

4.2.4 Where the Authority Having Jurisdiction requires inspection or a compliance affidavit before an automated gate is energized, the Contractor shall arrange the inspection and furnish the affidavit at no additional cost.

4.2.5 Where the parties disagree whether an installed gate satisfies a construction provision of ASTM F2200, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.

4.3 Pre-Installation Conference

4.3.1 Before fence or gate installation begins, the Contractor shall convene a pre-installation conference attended by the Contractor's superintendent, the fence installer, the gate operator installer, the access-control installer where automated or electrically locked gates are provided, and the Engineer of Record.

4.3.2 The conference shall review the staked fence line and the grade along it, footing requirements and frost depth, gate travel and run-back clearances, the entrapment-protection layout for each automated gate, the division of work between the gate installer and the access-control installer, and the sequence of power and control connections.

4.3.3 The Contractor shall record the division of work agreed at the conference in writing and distribute it to every attending party before installation begins.

4.4 Mock-Up

NOTE A mock-up settles fabric tension, post plumb, finish color under site light, and hardware operation before those become production quantities. (4.4.1)

4.4.2 Where the datasheet requires a mock-up, the Contractor shall erect one representative fence bay and one gate of each configuration and shall not proceed with production until the mock-up has been reviewed.

Mock-Up Requiredradio

● Not required

○ Required, one representative fence bay of each system

○ Required, one representative fence bay of each system and one gate of each configuration

4.4.3 An accepted mock-up may remain as part of the completed work where it is built in its final location and meets every requirement of this standard.

5 Fence Systems on the Project

NOTE The fence system is the first selection and it governs most of the sections that follow. A project commonly uses more than one: ornamental picket at a street frontage, chain-link at a service yard, welded wire mesh at a substation or a utility compound. (5.1)

5.2 Each fence system selected in the datasheet shall comply with the article of this standard that governs that system.

5.3 The fence systems provided shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Fence Systems Includedcheckbox

☐ Chain-link fence

☐ Ornamental tubular picket fence

☐ Welded wire mesh fence

5.4 Requirements in the chain-link articles of this standard apply where chain-link fence is selected in the datasheet.

5.5 Requirements in the ornamental picket articles of this standard apply where ornamental tubular picket fence is selected in the datasheet.

5.6 Requirements in the welded wire mesh articles of this standard apply where welded wire mesh fence is selected in the datasheet.

5.7 Where a run of fence is required to meet a security design objective, the design and construction guidance of ASTM F2611 for chain-link, ASTM F2814 for ornamental steel picket, and ASTM F3204 for welded wire systems shall be applied to that run.

6 Fence Height

NOTE Fence height is a project quantity, not a product norm. It follows from what the fence is for, from the sight lines the site plan protects, and from any code minimum that applies to the specific run. (6.1)

6.2 Fence height shall be measured from finished grade at the fence line to the top of the fabric or panel and shall exclude any topping mounted above it.

6.3 The height of the fabric or panel shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Fence Heightrange

ft

3456781012

Per drawings — fence elevations (deferred by default)

6.4 The overall height of the fence shall be the height of the fabric or panel selected in the datasheet plus the vertical rise of any topping selected in the datasheet.

6.5 The Contractor shall confirm before fabrication that the overall height of each fence run does not exceed a height limit the zoning ordinance imposes at that fence line, and shall notify the Engineer of Record where it does.

6.6 Where the fence crosses changing grade, the height shall be maintained at every point along the run, and the framework shall be raked or stepped so that neither the specified height nor the specified bottom clearance is lost at a high or low point.

7 Site and Service Conditions

7.1 Atmospheric Corrosivity

NOTE Zinc coatings corrode at a rate set by the atmosphere they sit in. Chlorides from sea spray and de-icing salt and sulfur compounds from industrial process air both consume zinc far faster than inland rural air, which is why the same galvanized fence lasts decades at one site and fails at the groundline in a few years at another. (7.1.1)

7.1.2 The corrosivity of the installation environment shall be as indicated in the datasheet, and the fabric, framework, fitting, and hardware coatings selected elsewhere in this standard shall be selected for that corrosivity.

Atmospheric Corrosivity of the Siteselect

Rural or suburban inland

Urban

Light industrial

Heavy industrial or chemical process exposure

Coastal, within 1 mile of salt water

Marine splash or direct salt spray

De-icing salt exposure at roadways and parking

7.1.3 Fasteners, fittings, and gate hardware shall carry a metallic coating not less protective than the coating specified for the members they connect.

7.1.4 Dissimilar metals in contact at a fence connection shall be separated by an isolator, a gasket, or a coating where the site is classified as coastal, marine splash, or de-icing salt exposure.

7.2 Wind Load and Fence Solidity

NOTE Wind load on a fence scales with its solidity. Open chain-link fabric and open pickets present a small fraction of the projected area that the same fence presents once slats, windscreen, or solid panels are added, so a fence designed as open and later fitted with screening is loaded far beyond its framework and footing design. (7.2.1)

7.2.2 Fence framework, post size, post spacing, and footing size shall be designed to resist the design wind load for the project location and exposure category determined in accordance with the adopted building code and ASCE/SEI 7.

7.2.3 The wind load design shall use the solidity of the fence as finally constructed, including any screening or infill selected in the datasheet.

7.2.4 Screening or privacy infill shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Screening or Privacy Infillselect

None

Slats inserted into chain-link fabric

Windscreen fabric attached to the fence

Solid metal infill panels

Perforated metal infill panels

Louvered metal infill panels

7.2.5 Where screening or infill is added to a fence after the framework has been erected, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of Record before installing it so that the framework and footings can be reviewed for the increased load.

7.3 Frost Depth and Soil Conditions

NOTE A footing that stops above the frost line is lifted by the freezing soil around it, and it does not settle back; the fence line ratchets upward season by season until the posts are visibly out of line. (7.3.1)

7.3.2 Post footings shall extend below the design frost depth for the project location.

7.3.3 The design frost depth shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Design Frost Depthrange

in

1218243036424860728496

Per drawings — geotechnical report (deferred by default)

7.3.4 Where the geotechnical report identifies expansive soil, uncontrolled fill, a high water table, or bearing material weaker than assumed for the footing schedule, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of Record before setting posts in that reach of the fence line.

7.3.5 Where the geotechnical report identifies soil or groundwater aggressive to concrete or to zinc, the footing concrete and the post coating shall be selected for that exposure.

8 Chain-Link Framework

8.1 Framework Strength Group

NOTE ASTM F1043 sorts fence framework into groups by how it is made and how strong it is, and it pairs each group with the metallic and polymer coatings that group is permitted to carry. Group IA is Schedule 40 pipe manufactured to ASTM F1083. Group IC is high-strength pipe of reduced wall thickness. Group II is roll-formed section. (8.1.1)

8.1.2 Chain-link line posts, terminal posts, gate posts, rails, and braces shall conform to ASTM F1043 for the framework group indicated in the datasheet, and Group IA framework shall additionally conform to ASTM F1083.

Chain-Link Framework Strength Groupselect

ASTM F1043 Group IA, Schedule 40 pipe to ASTM F1083

ASTM F1043 Group IC, high-strength pipe

ASTM F1043 Group II, roll-formed sections

8.1.3 Framework members shall be of the same group throughout a continuous run of fence.

8.1.4 Where the framework group selected in the datasheet does not develop the strength required by the wind load design or by the weight of a gate leaf it carries, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of Record before fabrication rather than substituting a member.

8.2 Framework Protective Coating

NOTE The interior surface of a hollow post matters as much as the exterior. Water entering an uncapped or cracked post has nowhere to drain, and a post that looks sound from outside can fail at the groundline from corrosion that started on the inside wall. (8.2.1)

8.2.2 The protective coating on chain-link framework shall conform to ASTM F1043 for the coating type indicated in the datasheet, applied to both the exterior and the interior surface of hollow members.

Chain-Link Framework Protective Coating Typeselect

ASTM F1043 Type A, hot-dip zinc

ASTM F1043 Type B, zinc with chromate conversion coating and clear organic film

ASTM F1043 Type C, zinc with chromate conversion coating and organic color film

8.2.3 The combination of framework group and coating type shall be one that ASTM F1043 permits for that group.

8.2.4 Zinc used for framework coating shall be applied by the hot-dip method.

8.2.5 A polymer color finish over the metallic coating shall be provided where indicated in the datasheet.

Chain-Link Framework Polymer Color Finishradio

● Not provided, metallic coating exposed

○ Provided over the metallic coating

8.2.6 The polymer color finish shall be applied over the metallic coating and shall not be used in place of it.

8.3 Chain-Link System Color

NOTE Color on a chain-link system is one selection carried by several components, and a fabric, framework, and fitting ordered separately in the same nominal color from different sources will not match at the fence line. (8.3.1)

8.3.2 The color of every polymer-coated component in a chain-link system shall be the color indicated in the datasheet and shall be obtained from a single source for the whole project.

Chain-Link System Polymer Colorselect

Not applicable, no polymer-coated components

Black

Dark green

Brown

Gray

White

Beige

Per drawings — the contract documents

8.4 Chain-Link Post Sizes

8.4.2 Line post outside diameter shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Chain-Link Line Post Outside Diameterrange

in

1.661.92.3752.8753.54

Per drawings — fence details (deferred by default)

8.4.3 Terminal, corner, pull, and gate post outside diameter shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Chain-Link Terminal and Gate Post Outside Diameterrange

in

2.3752.8753.546.6258.625

Per drawings — fence details (deferred by default)

8.4.4 Terminal, corner, pull, and gate posts shall be not smaller than the line posts in the run they terminate.

8.4.5 Post sizes shall be not smaller than those ASTM F1043 assigns to the selected framework group for the specified fence height, and shall be increased where the wind load design, the screening solidity, or a gate leaf weight requires.

8.5 Chain-Link Line Post Spacing

NOTE Fabric hung on posts spaced too far apart sags between them, and the sag grows because each wind cycle works the fabric further out of tension. (8.5.1)

8.5.2 Line post spacing shall not exceed the value indicated in the datasheet, measured center to center along the fence line.

Chain-Link Line Post Maximum Spacingrange

ft

410

Default: 10 ft

8.5.3 Spacing shall be reduced below the datasheet value where the wind load design, the fence height, the screening solidity, or a change in grade requires.

8.5.4 Posts shall be spaced uniformly within a run, with any short bay placed at a terminal or corner rather than in the middle of the run.

8.6 Chain-Link Bracing and Trussing

NOTE A braced terminal post transfers the fabric tension into the adjacent line post through a horizontal rail in compression and a diagonal rod in tension. Without that couple, the fabric simply pulls the terminal post out of plumb, and every fabric tie in the run goes slack. (8.6.1)

8.6.2 Terminal, corner, pull, and gate posts shall be braced to the adjacent line post with a horizontal brace rail and a diagonal truss rod fitted with a turnbuckle or other take-up.

8.6.3 Brace and truss assemblies shall be provided at every terminal, corner, pull, and gate post.

8.6.4 Brace and truss assemblies shall be provided at intervals not exceeding 500 feet along a straight run of fence.

8.6.5 Truss rods shall be tensioned after the fabric is stretched and shall be retensioned before final acceptance.

9 Chain-Link Fabric

9.1 Fabric Metallic Coating

NOTE The metallic coating on the core wire is what resists corrosion; the polymer over it, where one is used, is a color and an abrasion barrier, not a substitute. The three metallic coatings on the market behave differently in salt: aluminum and zinc-aluminum alloy coatings hold up longer in chloride exposure than plain zinc at the same coating weight. (9.1.1)

9.1.2 Chain-link fabric core wire shall carry the metallic coating indicated in the datasheet.

Chain-Link Fabric Metallic Coatingselect

Zinc-coated steel to ASTM A392, Class 1, 1.2 oz/ft² minimum

Zinc-coated steel to ASTM A392, Class 2, 2.0 oz/ft² minimum

Aluminum-coated steel to ASTM A491

Zinc-5% aluminum-mischmetal alloy-coated steel to ASTM F1345

9.1.3 Fabric shall be coated before weaving where the datasheet selects an aluminum coating or a zinc-5% aluminum-mischmetal alloy coating.

9.2 Fabric Polymer Coating

NOTE ASTM F668 separates polymer-coated fabric by how the polymer is bonded to the metallic-coated core wire, which is what determines whether the coating stays put when the fabric is stretched, cut, and tied. Class 1 is extruded over the core wire. Class 2a is extruded and adhered. Class 2b is fused and adhered. (9.2.1)

9.2.2 A polymer coating over the metallic-coated core wire shall be provided where indicated in the datasheet, conforming to ASTM F668 for the class selected.

Chain-Link Fabric Polymer Coatingselect

Not provided, metallic-coated fabric

ASTM F668 Class 1, extruded

ASTM F668 Class 2a, extruded and adhered

ASTM F668 Class 2b, fused and adhered

9.2.3 Polymer-coated fabric shall be measured and specified by the diameter of the metallic-coated core wire, exclusive of the polymer coating.

9.2.4 Cut ends of polymer-coated fabric shall be left with the polymer intact on the wire, and fabric with the polymer stripped back from a cut shall not be installed.

9.3 Fabric Wire Size

NOTE Wire size sets how much force the fabric takes to cut and how much it deforms under impact, and it is the single property that most separates a boundary marker from a barrier. Wire size runs on an inverted gauge scale, so the lower gauge number is the heavier wire. (9.3.1)

9.3.2 Chain-link fabric wire size shall be as indicated in the datasheet, measured on the metallic-coated core wire.

Chain-Link Fabric Wire Sizeselect

11 ga, 0.120 in core wire diameter

9 ga, 0.148 in core wire diameter

8 ga, 0.162 in core wire diameter

6 ga, 0.192 in core wire diameter

9.3.3 Fabric shall meet the breaking strength that ASTM A392 assigns to the selected wire size for the selected coating.

9.4 Fabric Mesh Size

NOTE Mesh size trades three things against each other. A smaller opening resists a toe hold and refuses a bolt cutter jaw, but it also raises material cost and closes the fabric up so that it carries more wind. (9.4.1)

9.4.2 Chain-link fabric mesh size, measured as the clear distance between parallel wires, shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Chain-Link Fabric Mesh Sizerange

in

0.3750.511.7522.375

9.4.3 Where a mesh size of 1 inch or smaller is selected, the framework, post spacing, and footings shall be designed for the increased wind solidity of the closed fabric.

9.5 Fabric Selvage

NOTE The selvage is what the cut wire ends do at the top and bottom of the fabric. A knuckled selvage closes each pair of ends into a smooth loop; a twisted selvage leaves them projecting as barbs. Where the fence borders a sidewalk, a play area, or any surface people brush against, the projecting ends are a contact hazard, and where the fence is a climb barrier they are the deterrent. (9.5.1)

9.5.2 The top selvage of chain-link fabric shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Chain-Link Fabric Top Selvageradio

○ Knuckled

○ Twisted and barbed

9.5.3 The bottom selvage of chain-link fabric shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Chain-Link Fabric Bottom Selvageradio

● Knuckled

○ Twisted and barbed

9.5.4 Where the fence encloses a play area, borders a public sidewalk, or serves as a swimming pool or spa barrier, the selvage on the side of the fence that people can reach shall be knuckled.

10 Chain-Link Rails, Tension Wire, and Fittings

10.1 Top and Bottom Members

NOTE The top member and the bottom member are two independent decisions, and each has a security consequence. A top rail stiffens the fence and is also a handhold that makes it easier to climb; a top tension wire gives up the stiffness and removes the handhold. A bottom rail resists someone lifting the fabric to crawl under; a bottom tension wire resists it less but follows uneven grade more closely. (10.1.1)

10.1.2 The top member of chain-link fence shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Chain-Link Top Memberselect

Top rail

Top tension wire

Top rail and top tension wire

None

10.1.3 The bottom member of chain-link fence shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Chain-Link Bottom Memberselect

Bottom tension wire

Bottom rail

Bottom rail and bottom tension wire

None

10.1.4 Top and bottom rails shall conform to the same ASTM F1043 group and coating type as the framework of the run they serve.

10.1.5 Top rail shall be run continuously through the line post caps, joined with expansion sleeves, and fastened at each terminal post with a rail end and brace band.

10.2 Tension Wire

10.2.1 Tension wire shall be marcelled coil wire carrying the same metallic and polymer coating as the fabric it serves.

10.2.2 Tension wire size shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Chain-Link Tension Wire Sizeselect

7 ga, 0.177 in core wire diameter

6 ga, 0.192 in core wire diameter

10.2.3 Tension wire shall be stretched taut and anchored at each terminal post, and shall be fastened to the fabric at intervals not exceeding 24 inches.

10.3 Fittings and Tension Bars

10.3.1 Fittings shall conform to ASTM F626.

10.3.2 Pressed steel and cast fittings shall be zinc coated after fabrication with a coating weight not less than 1.2 oz/ft².

10.3.3 Fittings on a fence carrying a polymer color finish shall carry the same color finish over the metallic coating.

10.3.4 Tension bars shall be one piece for the full height of the fabric.

10.3.5 Tension bars shall be secured to terminal, corner, pull, and gate posts with tension bands spaced not more than 15 inches on center.

10.3.6 Barbed wire support arms, where provided, shall conform to ASTM F626 and shall support a vertical load of 250 pounds applied at the outermost strand position without permanent deformation.

10.4 Fabric Attachment

NOTE Ties are the weakest link in a security fence: a fabric tied with soft aluminum wire can be untwisted by hand in seconds and the fabric peeled back from the post without cutting anything. (10.4.1)

10.4.2 Fabric attachment hardware shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Chain-Link Fabric Attachment Hardwareselect

Aluminum tie wires

Galvanized steel tie wires

Tamper-resistant clips requiring a proprietary tool for removal

Welded or crimped bands

10.4.3 Fabric shall be fastened to line posts at intervals not exceeding 12 inches.

10.4.4 Fabric shall be fastened to top and bottom rails at intervals not exceeding 24 inches.

10.4.5 Fabric shall be fastened to tension wire with hog rings at intervals not exceeding 24 inches.

11 Ornamental Tubular Picket Fence

11.1 Picket Material

NOTE The three ornamental picket materials are not interchangeable at equal section. Galvanized steel and non-galvanized steel differ in how corrosion protection is achieved, and aluminum gives up strength and impact resistance in exchange for immunity to rust and a lower maintenance burden in chloride exposure. (11.1.1)

11.1.2 Ornamental tubular picket fence shall conform to the standard governing the material indicated in the datasheet.

Ornamental Picket Fence Materialselect

Galvanized steel to ASTM F2408

Non-galvanized steel with a proprietary coating system to ASTM F2589

Aluminum to ASTM F2957

11.1.3 Galvanized steel picket fence components shall be hot-dip galvanized either before or after forming.

11.1.4 Aluminum picket fence components shall be extruded aluminum alloy of the temper the manufacturer specifies for the selected grade.

11.1.5 Where the fence is required to resist forced entry or vehicle impact, the picket material and grade shall be selected for that resistance and the design shall follow ASTM F2814.

11.2 Picket Fence Grade

NOTE ASTM F2408, ASTM F2589, and ASTM F2957 each define residential, commercial, and industrial grades, and the grade sets the minimum picket size, rail size, wall thickness, and post size for the system. (11.2.1)

11.2.2 The ornamental picket fence grade shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Ornamental Picket Fence Gradeselect

Residential grade

Commercial grade

Industrial grade

11.2.3 Picket, rail, post, and wall thickness dimensions shall be not less than those the governing ASTM standard assigns to the selected grade.

11.2.4 Grade shall not be mixed within a continuous run of fence.

11.3 Rail Configuration and Picket Tops

NOTE The number of rails sets how far a picket can be spread or bent between supports, which is why an anti-climb design adds rails near the top rather than adding pickets. (11.3.1)

11.3.2 The number of horizontal rails shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Ornamental Picket Fence Rail Countrange

rails

24

Default: 3 rails

11.3.3 The picket top treatment shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Ornamental Picket Top Treatmentselect

Flush top, pickets terminating at the top rail

Extended pickets with blunt tops

Extended pickets with pointed or spear tops

Extended pickets with decorative finials

Extended pickets with a top rail above, forming a closed panel

11.3.4 Where pickets extend above the top rail with pointed or spear tops, the fence shall not be installed adjacent to a play area, a public sidewalk, or a designated egress path unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.

11.3.5 Pickets shall not extend below the bottom rail.

11.3.6 Picket spacing shall be as indicated in the datasheet, measured as the clear opening between adjacent pickets.

Ornamental Picket Clear Spacingrange

in

0.511.5233.87546

11.4 Ornamental Picket Fence Finish

NOTE The finish on an ornamental fence is the whole visual product and also the corrosion barrier on the exposed steel or aluminum surface, so the finish system and the color are two separate selections that are commonly made by different parties. (11.4.1)

11.4.2 The factory finish system shall be as indicated in the datasheet, applied over a cleaned and pretreated substrate.

Ornamental Picket Fence Finish Systemselect

Thermoset polyester powder coat

Thermoset epoxy-polyester powder coat

Two-coat wet paint system with primer and topcoat

Powder coat over an electrodeposited epoxy primer

Organic coating to AAMA 2604

Organic coating to AAMA 2605

11.4.3 The finish color shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Ornamental Picket Fence Finish Colorselect

Black

Bronze

Dark brown

Gray

White

Dark green

Per drawings — the contract documents

11.4.4 The finish shall be tested for adhesion in accordance with ASTM D3359 and for corrosion resistance in accordance with ASTM B117, and the test reports shall accompany the product data.

11.4.5 Field cuts, field-drilled holes, and abrasions that expose bare steel shall be repaired with a zinc-rich coating conforming to ASTM A780 before the color finish is touched up.

12 Welded Wire Mesh Fence

12.1 Mesh Fabric and Aperture

NOTE A welded mesh panel is rigid, so it does not need to be tensioned and it does not sag; the aperture is what makes it a security product. An aperture too narrow to admit a finger or a bolt cutter jaw defeats both climbing and cutting, which is the property the narrow-aperture panels are bought for. (12.1.1)

12.1.2 Welded wire mesh fence fabric shall conform to ASTM F2453/F2453M.

12.1.3 The mesh aperture shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Welded Wire Mesh Apertureselect

3 in by 0.5 in narrow aperture

3 in by 0.75 in narrow aperture

2 in by 1 in rectangular

2 in by 2 in square

3 in by 3 in square

Twin horizontal wire, 3 in by 0.5 in

12.1.4 The mesh wire size shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Welded Wire Mesh Wire Sizeselect

10 ga, 0.135 in wire diameter

8 ga, 0.162 in wire diameter

6 ga, 0.192 in wire diameter

4 ga, 0.225 in wire diameter

12.1.5 Welded mesh panels shall meet the weld shear strength that ASTM F2453/F2453M assigns to the selected wire size.

12.1.6 Panels shall be supplied in the manufacturer's standard panel length and shall not be field-spliced within a bay.

12.2 Welded Mesh Coating

12.2.1 Mesh panel wires shall carry the metallic coating indicated in the datasheet.

Welded Wire Mesh Metallic Coatingselect

Hot-dip zinc after welding

Zinc-coated wire welded and then coated at the welds

Zinc-aluminum alloy coated wire

12.2.2 A polymer coating over the metallic coating shall be provided where indicated in the datasheet.

Welded Wire Mesh Polymer Coatingradio

○ Not provided, metallic coating exposed

○ Provided over the metallic coating

12.2.3 The mesh panel finish color shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Welded Wire Mesh Finish Colorselect

Not applicable, no polymer coating

Black

Dark green

Gray

White

Per drawings — the contract documents

12.3 Welded Mesh Panel Support

12.3.1 Panels shall be attached to posts with the manufacturer's clamp bars, brackets, or fasteners designed for the panel profile.

12.3.2 Panel fasteners shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Welded Wire Mesh Panel Fastenersselect

Standard hex head fasteners

Tamper-resistant fasteners requiring a proprietary tool

Shear-off security fasteners

12.3.3 Post spacing shall match the panel length so that every panel is supported at both ends without cutting.

12.3.4 Panels shall be stepped rather than raked where the fence crosses changing grade, and the resulting opening at the bottom of each step shall be closed where the bottom clearance limit in this standard applies.

13 Fence Toppings

13.1 Topping Type

NOTE A topping is a separate product mounted above the fence, and it is four independent decisions: what the topping is, how the arm that carries it is configured, how many strands it holds, and what the strand material is. Bundling those into one selection is what makes a topping arrive angled the wrong way over a property line. (13.1.1)

13.1.2 The fence topping shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Fence Topping Typeselect

None

Barbed wire

Barbed tape concertina coil

Barbed tape flat wrap

Barbed wire with barbed tape above

Rotating anti-climb topping

13.1.3 A topping shall not be installed where it would project over a property line, a public right of way, or a public sidewalk unless the Owner has secured the right to do so in writing.

13.2 Topping Arm Configuration

NOTE The arm configuration decides which side of the fence the topping protects, and the answer is not always outward: a fence around a detention area or a utility compound is often protecting against exit rather than entry. (13.2.1)

13.2.2 The topping support arm configuration shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Topping Support Arm Configurationselect

Not applicable, no topping

Single arm angled toward the unsecured side

Single arm angled toward the secured side

Vertical extension arm

Double arm in a V configuration

13.2.3 Topping support arms shall be provided on every line, terminal, corner, pull, and gate post in the run that carries the topping.

13.2.4 Where a topping runs across a gate, the arms on the gate leaf shall align with the arms on the adjacent fence so that no gap is left at the gate post.

13.3 Barbed Wire

13.3.1 Barbed wire shall conform to the standard indicated in the datasheet.

Barbed Wire Typeselect

Not applicable, no barbed wire

Metallic-coated steel to ASTM A121

Polymer-coated steel to ASTM F1665

13.3.2 The number of barbed wire strands shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Barbed Wire Strand Countrange

strands

06

13.3.3 Barbed wire strands shall be stretched taut and secured in every arm slot without slack between posts.

13.3.4 Barbed wire on a polymer-coated fence shall carry a polymer coating of the same color as the fence.

13.4 Barbed Tape

NOTE Barbed tape is a laceration hazard by design, and unlike barbed wire it cannot be pushed aside or climbed over without injury. That is the property it is bought for and the reason its placement relative to people is a design decision rather than an installation detail. (13.4.1)

13.4.2 Barbed tape shall be steel-cored tape with a metallic coating or a stainless steel cladding.

13.4.3 Barbed tape shall not be installed on a fence bounding a public sidewalk, a play area, or a pedestrian route unless the Owner directs otherwise in writing and the installation complies with every local ordinance restricting its use.

13.4.4 The Contractor shall verify before installation that no local ordinance prohibits or restricts barbed tape at the project location.

13.4.5 Barbed tape coil diameter and the number of coils shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Barbed Tape Coil Configurationselect

Not applicable, no barbed tape

Single coil, 18 in diameter

Single coil, 24 in diameter

Single coil, 30 in diameter

Double coil, stacked

Flat wrap on the fence face

13.4.6 Warning signage identifying the barbed tape hazard shall be posted at intervals not exceeding 100 feet along any run carrying barbed tape.

14 Bottom-of-Fence Treatment

NOTE The gap under a fence is the easiest way through it. Closing it is a separate decision from the bottom member, because a bottom rail sets the fabric line while an anti-dig provision resists excavation beneath it. (14.1)

14.2 The clearance between finished grade and the bottom of the fabric or panel shall not exceed the value indicated in the datasheet at any point along the run.

Maximum Bottom-of-Fence Clearance to Graderange

in

12346

14.3 The anti-dig provision shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Anti-Dig Provisionselect

None

Fabric buried below finished grade

Horizontal buried apron of fabric or mesh

Continuous concrete mow strip or curb at the fence line

Continuous buried concrete grade beam

14.4 Where a concrete mow strip or curb is provided, its concrete, reinforcement, and jointing shall comply with Cast In Place ConcreteCast-in-Place ConcreteResolves to the current edition.sync/cast-in-place-concrete.

14.5 Where fabric is buried or a buried apron is provided, the buried portion shall carry the same metallic and polymer coating as the exposed fabric.

15 Posts, Footings, and Anchorage

15.1 Post Setting Method

NOTE Not every post is set in a drilled concrete pier. Driven posts are faster and disturb less on a long agricultural-scale run, core-drilled posts are the only option through existing pavement without removing it, and a base plate is what is used where a fence lands on a structural slab or a wall. Each has a different resistance to overturning, which is why the method is a design decision rather than a means-and-methods choice. (15.1.1)

15.1.2 The post setting method shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Post Setting Methodselect

Cast-in-place concrete pier, drilled

Cast-in-place concrete pier, formed

Driven post, no concrete

Core-drilled into existing pavement and grouted

Base plate anchored to a concrete slab or wall

15.1.3 Driven posts shall not be used for terminal, corner, pull, or gate posts.

15.1.4 Driven posts shall not be used where the geotechnical report identifies cobbles, boulders, or rock within the required embedment depth.

15.1.5 Base plate anchorage shall be designed by the fence supplier and shall be shown on the shop drawings with the anchor type, size, embedment, and edge distance for each condition.

15.1.6 Where a post is core-drilled into existing pavement, the annular space shall be filled with non-shrink grout and the pavement surface shall be restored to match the adjacent surface.

15.2 Footing Concrete

NOTE Fence footing concrete is commonly specified between 2500 psi and 4000 psi; the higher strengths appear where a gate post footing is designed as a structural element carrying an operating gate leaf rather than as a plain ballast pier. (15.2.1)

15.2.2 Post footing concrete compressive strength at 28 days shall be not less than the value indicated in the datasheet.

Post Footing Concrete Compressive Strengthrange

psi

250030003500400045005000

15.2.3 Footing concrete shall comply with the mix design, placement, and curing requirements of Cast In Place ConcreteCast-in-Place ConcreteResolves to the current edition.sync/cast-in-place-concrete.

15.2.4 Footing excavations shall be cleaned of loose material and standing water down to undisturbed bearing material before concrete is placed.

15.2.5 The top of each footing shall be crowned or sloped to shed water away from the post.

NOTE Water standing at the groundline is the origin of most post corrosion failures, because that is the one place on the post where the coating is alternately wetted and dried and where soil chemistry concentrates. (15.2.6)

15.2.7 Posts shall not be disturbed, and fabric, panels, or gate leaves shall not be hung on them, until the footing concrete has reached the strength the mix design assigns for construction loading.

15.3 Line Post Embedment and Footing Size

15.3.1 Line post embedment depth shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Line Post Embedment Depthrange

in

121824303642485460

Per drawings — fence details (deferred by default)

15.3.2 Line post footing diameter shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Line Post Footing Diameterrange

in

681012151824

Per drawings — fence details (deferred by default)

15.3.3 Line post footing diameter shall be not less than three times the outside diameter of the post it carries.

15.3.4 Line post embedment shall be increased above the datasheet value where the fence height, the screening solidity, the wind load design, the soil bearing capacity, or the design frost depth requires.

15.4 Terminal and Gate Post Embedment and Footing Size

NOTE A gate post carries loads a line post never sees: the cantilevered dead weight of the leaf, the impact of the leaf reaching its stop, and, on an automated gate, the operating force of the machine applied thousands of times a year. An undersized gate post footing leans, and once it leans the gate binds, the operator overloads, and the correction means removing and replacing the footing. (15.4.1)

15.4.2 Terminal, corner, and pull post embedment depth and footing diameter shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Terminal and Corner Post Embedment Depthrange

in

1824303642486072

Per drawings — fence details (deferred by default)

Terminal and Corner Post Footing Diameterrange

in

810121518243036

Per drawings — fence details (deferred by default)

15.4.3 Gate post embedment depth and footing diameter shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Post Embedment Depthrange

in

243036424860728496

Per drawings — gate details (deferred by default)

Gate Post Footing Diameterrange

in

1215182430364248

Per drawings — gate details (deferred by default)

15.4.4 Gate post footings shall be designed for the gate leaf weight, the leaf length, the impact of the leaf at its stops, and the operating loads an automated operator imposes.

15.4.5 Terminal and gate post footings shall be not smaller than the line post footings in the same run.

16 Gate Configurations

NOTE ASTM F2200 recognizes five vehicular gate configurations: horizontal slide, horizontal swing, vertical lift, vertical pivot, and overhead pivot. Each has a different footprint, a different set of entrapment zones, and a different operator. (16.1)

16.2 The gate configurations provided shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Configurations Providedcheckbox

☐ Horizontal swing, single leaf

☐ Horizontal swing, double leaf

☐ Horizontal slide, cantilever

☐ Horizontal slide, overhead supported

☐ Vertical lift

☐ Vertical pivot

☐ Overhead pivot

☐ Pedestrian swing

16.3 The clear opening width of each vehicular gate shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Vehicular Gate Clear Opening Widthrange

ft

6810121416202430364860

Per drawings — gate schedule (deferred by default)

16.4 The clear opening width of each pedestrian gate shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Pedestrian Gate Clear Opening Widthrange

in

2430323642486072

Per drawings — gate schedule (deferred by default)

16.5 Gate swing direction and, for slide gates, the direction of travel shall be as shown on the gate schedule.

17 Horizontal Swing Gates

17.1 Swing gates shall conform to ASTM F900.

NOTE Swing gate leaf width, the resulting leaf weight, and the moment that weight applies at the hinge are one problem: doubling the leaf width roughly quadruples the sag at the latch corner. Splitting a wide opening into two leaves, or moving it to a slide gate, are the two ways that problem is normally removed. (17.2)

17.3 Swing gate frames shall be welded, or assembled with malleable or pressed steel corner fittings, and shall be trussed diagonally so that the leaf does not sag at the latch corner.

17.4 Double-leaf swing gates shall be provided with a center stop set in concrete and a drop rod or plunger bar engaging it.

17.5 Swing gates shall be provided with gate stops or keepers that hold the leaf in the fully open position.

17.6 The swing arc of every gate leaf shall be clear of parked vehicles, walking surfaces, and adjacent construction through its full travel.

18 Horizontal Slide Gates

18.1 Slide gates shall conform to ASTM F1184.

NOTE ASTM F1184 sorts horizontal slide gates into Type I, supported only from above by an overhead beam, and Type II, cantilever gates that span the opening with no support within it. Type II gates are supplied in Class 1 with external rollers and Class 2 with internal rollers. (18.2)

NOTE A cantilever gate needs run-back alongside the opening for the leaf plus its counterbalance section, roughly one and a half times the opening width. Discovering at installation that the run-back is occupied by a light pole, a hydrant, or a property line is the most common coordination failure on a cantilever gate. (18.3)

18.4 The slide gate type and roller class shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Horizontal Slide Gate Typeselect

ASTM F1184 Type I, overhead supported

ASTM F1184 Type II Class 1, cantilever with external rollers

ASTM F1184 Type II Class 2, cantilever with internal rollers

18.5 The Contractor shall verify the available run-back at each cantilever gate against the fabricated leaf length before releasing the gate for fabrication.

18.6 Track-supported slide gates running on a track set in the driving surface shall not be used where the datasheet indicates an automated operator on that gate, unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.

18.7 Roller assemblies shall be adjusted so that the leaf runs without binding through its full travel and the counterbalance section clears the ground at every point.

19 Vertical Lift and Vertical Pivot Gates

NOTE Vertical lift and vertical pivot gates trade horizontal room for vertical room. They are what fits where there is no run-back for a cantilever gate and no swing arc for a swing gate, and they create an entrapment zone underneath the leaf that neither of the horizontal configurations has. (19.1)

19.2 Vertical lift and vertical pivot gates shall be constructed in accordance with ASTM F2200 for the applicable gate class.

19.3 The vertical clearance beneath a vertical lift gate leaf in its fully open position shall be as shown on the gate elevations.

19.4 Counterweights, cables, chains, and sprockets on a vertical lift or vertical pivot gate shall be guarded so that they are not accessible during operation.

19.5 A vertical lift or vertical pivot gate shall be provided with a means that restrains the leaf from falling if a cable, chain, or counterweight connection fails.

19.6 The area beneath a vertical lift or vertical pivot gate leaf shall be protected by an entrapment-protection device in the closing direction.

20 Pedestrian Gates

NOTE Routing pedestrians through a vehicular gate is the failure that ASTM F2200 exists to prevent. A person on foot at a moving vehicular gate is in the travel path of a machine sized to move a leaf that weighs hundreds of pounds. (20.1)

20.2 Pedestrian gates shall conform to ASTM F900 and shall carry the same fabric or panel and finish as the fence they interrupt.

20.3 Pedestrian traffic shall not be routed through an automated vehicular gate, and a separate pedestrian gate shall be provided at every location where a walking route crosses an automated vehicular gate line.

20.4 The pedestrian gate accessibility requirement shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Pedestrian Gate Accessibility Requirementradio

○ Gate does not serve an accessible route

○ Gate serves an accessible route

20.5 Where a pedestrian gate serves an accessible route, it shall provide the clear opening width and the maneuvering clearances required by ICC A117.1 and the adopted accessibility standard.

20.6 Where a pedestrian gate serves an accessible route, its operating hardware shall be operable with one hand, without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, and with an operating force not exceeding that permitted by the adopted accessibility standard.

20.7 Where a pedestrian gate serves an accessible route, the ground surface on both sides of the gate shall be firm, stable, and slip resistant across the full maneuvering clearance.

21 Gate Leaves and Hardware

21.1 Gate Frame and Infill

21.1.1 Gate frame members shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Frame Materialselect

Galvanized steel pipe to ASTM F1083

High-strength steel pipe to ASTM F1043

Steel structural tube, hot-dip galvanized after fabrication

Extruded aluminum

21.1.2 The gate leaf infill shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Leaf Infillselect

Chain-link fabric matching the adjacent fence

Ornamental pickets matching the adjacent fence

Welded wire mesh matching the adjacent fence

Solid metal panel

Perforated metal panel

Louvered metal panel

21.1.3 Welds on a hot-dip galvanized gate frame shall be made before galvanizing where the frame is galvanized after fabrication.

21.1.4 Field welds on a galvanized frame shall be repaired with a zinc-rich coating conforming to ASTM A780.

21.1.5 Gate frames shall carry the same coating type and color finish as the fence framework in the run they interrupt.

21.2 Hinges and Latching Hardware

NOTE A lift-off hinge is a security gap that no lock closes: the gate is simply lifted off its pins and carried away, leaf and lock together. (21.2.1)

21.2.2 Gate hinges shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Hinge Typeselect

Malleable iron or pressed steel gate hinges

Non-lift-off security hinges

Ball-bearing hinges

Weld-on barrel hinges

21.2.3 Hinges shall be sized to carry the gate leaf weight and shall allow the leaf to swing freely without binding through repeated operating cycles.

21.2.4 Where the fence carrying a gate serves a security function, the hinges shall be of a non-lift-off design or the leaf shall be otherwise restrained against being lifted from its hinges.

21.2.5 Gate latching hardware shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Latching Hardwareselect

Fork latch with padlock provision

Plunger bar latch

Drop rod engaging a center stop

Panic hardware

Self-closing and self-latching gate hardware

Latch integral to the gate operator

21.2.6 Latching hardware shall be finished to match the gate leaf and shall be of a strength consistent with the gate function.

21.3 Electric Locking Provisions

21.3.1 The electric locking provision at a gate shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Electric Locking Provisionselect

None, mechanical latching only

Electric strike conforming to ANSI/BHMA A156.31

Electromagnetic lock

Solenoid-operated latch

Locking integral to the gate operator

21.3.2 Electric locking hardware shall fail in the position required by the adopted building and fire codes for the egress function of that gate.

21.3.3 Electric locking hardware and its rough-in shall be coordinated with the work of Access Control SystemsAccess Control SystemsResolves to the current edition.sync/access-control-systems before the gate is fabricated.

21.3.4 An electrically locked gate on an egress path shall release on loss of power and on activation of the fire alarm system.

21.4 Gate Ground Clearance

NOTE Ground clearance beneath a gate leaf is a compromise between two failures. Too little and the leaf drags on frost heave, on settled pavement, or on accumulated ice and debris; too much and the gap under the gate defeats the barrier and, under ASTM F2200, becomes an entrapment zone that has to be guarded. (21.4.1)

21.4.2 The clearance between the driving or walking surface and the bottom of the gate leaf shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Leaf Ground Clearancerange

in

12346

21.4.3 Ground clearance shall be maintained within the datasheet value at every point along the full travel of the leaf, not only at the closed position.

21.4.4 Where the gate serves as a swimming pool or spa barrier, the ground clearance shall not exceed the maximum the adopted pool code permits beneath a barrier.

22 Automated Vehicular Gate Operators

22.1 Operator Listing and Usage Class

NOTE UL 325 sorts vehicular gate operators into four usage classes by the property the gate serves, and the required entrapment protection and access provisions differ by class. Class I covers residential use of one to four single-family dwellings. Class II covers commercial locations accessible to the general public. Class III covers industrial locations not intended to serve the general public. Class IV covers restricted-access locations where authorized entry is supervised by security personnel. (22.1.1)

NOTE Installing an operator listed for a lower usage class than the property requires produces a non-compliant installation no matter how the operator itself is listed, because the class determines which protections the listing actually covers. (22.1.2)

22.1.3 The gate operator usage class shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Operator UL 325 Usage Classselect

Not applicable, no automated gates

Class I, residential

Class II, commercial or general public access

Class III, industrial or limited access

Class IV, restricted access under security supervision

22.1.4 The operator shall be listed to UL 325 for the usage class indicated in the datasheet and for the gate configuration it drives.

22.1.5 The operator shall be sized for the leaf weight, the leaf length, and the duty cycle the Owner's operations require.

22.2 Operator Drive and Power

22.2.1 The operator drive type shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Operator Drive Typeselect

Not applicable, no automated gates

Electromechanical

Hydraulic

22.2.2 The operator power supply shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Operator Power Supplyselect

Not applicable, no automated gates

120 V single phase

208 V single phase

240 V single phase

480 V three phase

Low-voltage direct current with photovoltaic charging

Per drawings — electrical site plan (deferred by default)

22.2.3 Branch circuit conductors, raceway, overcurrent protection, and the disconnecting means serving each gate operator shall comply with NFPA 70.

22.2.4 A disconnecting means shall be provided within sight of each gate operator.

22.2.5 The Contractor shall confirm the available voltage at each gate location before releasing the operator for order.

22.3 Standby Operation and Manual Release

NOTE What a gate does when the power fails is an Owner policy decision, not a product default. A gate that fails open surrenders the perimeter; a gate that fails closed can strand vehicles inside it, including emergency vehicles. (22.3.1)

22.3.2 The standby operation provision shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Operation on Loss of Utility Powerselect

Not applicable, no automated gates

Manual release only, no standby power

Battery backup for continued powered operation

Battery backup that opens the gate and holds it open

Battery backup that closes the gate and holds it closed

Operator fed from a standby generator circuit

22.3.3 Every automated gate shall be provided with a manual release that allows the leaf to be moved by hand without tools.

22.3.4 The manual release shall be operable from the secured side of the gate and shall be secured against operation from the unsecured side.

22.3.5 The manual release procedure shall be posted at the operator in a durable, weather-resistant form.

22.3.6 Where the gate serves a route emergency responders use, the release means and any responder access device shall be coordinated with the Authority Having Jurisdiction before the gate is energized.

23 Automated Gate Entrapment Protection

23.1 Entrapment-Protection Means

NOTE UL 325 names five means of protection. Type A is inherent entrapment sensing built into the operator, which stops and reverses the leaf when it meets an obstruction. Type B1 is a non-contact external device such as a photoelectric sensor. Type B2 is a contact external device such as a sensing edge. Type C is inherent force limiting through a clutch or pressure relief. Type D is a control requiring continuous pressure to keep the leaf moving. (23.1.1)

NOTE Two independent means are required in each direction of travel, and the reason is failure modes rather than redundancy for its own sake: an inherent sensor detects only what the leaf has already struck, a photoelectric beam misses an object below or beside it, and a sensing edge protects only the edge it is mounted on. (23.1.2)

23.1.3 Each automated vehicular gate operator shall provide an inherent Type A entrapment-sensing means that stops and reverses the leaf on contact with an obstruction.

23.1.4 Each direction of gate travel shall be protected by at least two independent means of entrapment protection.

23.1.5 The external entrapment-protection device provided in the closing direction shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

External Entrapment Protection, Closing Directionselect

Not applicable, no automated gates

Type B1 non-contact photoelectric sensor

Type B2 contact sensing edge

Type B1 non-contact sensor and Type B2 contact sensing edge

23.1.6 The external entrapment-protection device provided in the opening direction shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

External Entrapment Protection, Opening Directionselect

Not applicable, no automated gates

Type B1 non-contact photoelectric sensor

Type B2 contact sensing edge

Type B1 non-contact sensor and Type B2 contact sensing edge

23.1.7 Every external entrapment-protection device shall be monitored by the operator so that a failure of the device, its wiring, or its alignment prevents powered operation.

23.1.8 Entrapment-protection devices shall be located to cover every entrapment zone the gate creates, including the leading edge in the closing direction, the trailing edge and the run-back zone in the opening direction, and the pinch points between the moving leaf and any fixed post, framework, or wall.

23.1.9 The two means protecting one direction of travel shall be independent, so that the failure of either one does not disable the other.

23.2 Gate Construction for Automation

NOTE ASTM F2200 constrains the gate itself, not the operator: openings sized so a hand cannot reach through into the machinery, rollers covered, protrusions removed, and the leaf restrained so it cannot fall or leave its supports. (23.2.1)

23.2.2 Every gate that is automated, or that is designed for later automation, shall be constructed in accordance with ASTM F2200.

23.2.3 Openings in the gate leaf and in the fence within the leaf's travel path shall be guarded or screened so that a 2.25 inch sphere cannot pass through, from the bottom of the leaf to 48 inches above the ground surface.

23.2.4 Openings between 48 inches and 72 inches above the ground surface shall be guarded or screened so that a 4 inch sphere cannot pass through.

23.2.5 Rollers and roller assemblies less than 96 inches above the ground surface shall be covered or guarded.

23.2.6 Protrusions and sharp edges shall not be present on the gate leaf or within its travel path.

23.2.7 Pickets shall not protrude below the bottom rail of a gate leaf.

23.2.8 The gap between a moving gate leaf and any stationary object shall not exceed 2.25 inches unless that object is more than 16 inches from the leaf.

23.2.9 The gate leaf shall be restrained so that it cannot fall over if it is disconnected from the operator or leaves its guides.

23.2.10 The gate leaf shall be guided so that it cannot leave its supports during normal operation.

23.3 Warning Signage and Control Placement

23.3.2 Warning placards stating that the gate is automated and may move without warning shall be posted on both sides of every automated gate.

23.3.3 Placards shall be durable, weather resistant, and legible from the approach to the gate on each side.

23.3.4 Manually operated controls that can override entrapment protection shall be located within unobstructed sight of the entire gate and its full travel path.

23.3.5 Manually operated controls shall be located at the minimum distance from the gate travel path that UL 325 requires for the operator's usage class.

23.3.6 Controls shall be secured against operation by unauthorized persons where the gate serves a restricted-access location.

24 Vehicle Detection and Access Control Interface

NOTE The gate installer and the access-control installer meet at the operator's terminal strip, and the interface omitted at that terminal strip is the one nobody claimed at the pre-installation conference. (24.1)

24.2 The vehicle detection provision shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Vehicle Detection Loopsselect

Not required

Free-exit loop

Free-exit loop and safety loops

Free-exit loop, safety loops, and shadow loop

Reversing loops in the gate travel path

24.3 The division of access-control wiring work shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Access Control Wiring Division of Workselect

Raceway, boxes, and pull wire furnished under this standard

Raceway and complete gate operator field wiring furnished under this standard

Raceway, operator field wiring, and detection loops furnished under this standard

All access control wiring furnished by others

Per drawings — the responsibility matrix in the contract documents

24.4 The Contractor shall terminate the gate operator's safety, control, and free-exit inputs so that the operator is ready for connection by the access-control installer.

24.5 Detection loops installed under this standard shall be saw-cut, sealed, and home-run to the operator enclosure with no splice between the loop and the enclosure.

NOTE The credential readers, intercoms, keypads, gate controller, and head-end logic that decide when the gate opens are furnished and connected under Access Control SystemsAccess Control SystemsResolves to the current edition.sync/access-control-systems. (24.6)

25 Grounding and Bonding

NOTE A metallic fence running parallel to an overhead transmission line accumulates an induced voltage along its length, and it can reach a level a person feels or is injured by at any point they touch it. Bonding drains that charge; it is separate from the equipment grounding a powered operator needs for fault clearing. (25.1)

25.2 The fence grounding and bonding provision shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Fence Grounding and Bondingselect

Not required

Equipment bonding at powered gate operators

Equipment bonding at powered gate operators and grounding where the fence crosses or parallels overhead electrical lines

Continuous fence grounding at intervals along the entire fence

25.3 Grounding and bonding shall comply with NFPA 70.

25.4 Grounding electrode conductors, ground rods, and bonding jumpers shall be installed as shown on the electrical site plan.

25.5 Every powered gate operator enclosure shall be bonded to the equipment grounding conductor of its supply circuit.

25.6 Bonding jumpers shall be installed across every gate hinge, every expansion sleeve, and every other joint that interrupts electrical continuity in a fence required to be continuously grounded.

26 Swimming Pool and Spa Barrier Provisions

NOTE A fence that encloses a pool or a spa stops being a boundary and becomes a life-safety barrier governed by the adopted pool code, and the code sets minimums the site plan cannot waive: barrier height, the gap at the bottom, the size of any opening, the mesh opening for chain-link, and how the gate closes and latches. (26.1)

26.2 The pool barrier function shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Fence Serves as a Swimming Pool or Spa Barrierradio

● No

○ Yes, one or more runs enclose a pool or spa

26.3 Requirements in this article apply where the datasheet indicates that a run of fence encloses a swimming pool or spa.

26.4 Where a run of fence encloses a pool or spa, that run shall comply with the barrier provisions of the adopted swimming pool and spa code and with any more stringent state or local requirement.

26.5 Where a run of fence encloses a pool or spa, its height shall be not less than the minimum the adopted pool code sets for a barrier, measured on the side of the barrier facing away from the pool.

26.6 Where a run of fence encloses a pool or spa, openings in the barrier shall not permit the passage of a sphere of the diameter the adopted pool code specifies.

26.7 Where a chain-link run encloses a pool or spa, the mesh opening shall not exceed the maximum the adopted pool code permits for chain-link fabric.

26.8 Where a gate serves a pool or spa barrier, it shall swing away from the pool, shall be self-closing, and shall be self-latching.

26.9 Where a gate serves a pool or spa barrier, the latch release shall be located at the height the adopted pool code requires, and openings within the code-specified distance of the release shall be limited to the maximum dimension the code permits.

26.10 Where a gate serves a pool or spa barrier, it shall be tested to demonstrate that it self-closes and self-latches from any open position before the barrier is accepted.

26.11 An automated vehicular gate shall not be used as any part of a pool or spa barrier.

27 Installation

27.1 Layout and Utility Clearance

27.1.1 The fence line and every post location shall be staked from the contract drawings and reviewed by the Engineer of Record before any footing is excavated.

27.1.2 The Contractor shall obtain utility locates covering the staked fence line and shall hand-excavate within the tolerance zone of every located utility.

27.1.3 Where a staked post location conflicts with a located utility, an easement, or a property line, the Contractor shall stop work in that reach and obtain a revised layout from the Engineer of Record.

27.1.4 The Contractor shall verify the property line at every fence run bounding a property line before setting posts, and shall not set a post, a footing, or a topping arm across it.

27.2 Post Setting

27.2.1 Posts shall be set plumb, at the staked line and spacing, and shall be held in position until the footing concrete has set.

27.2.2 Post caps shall be installed on every hollow post so that water cannot enter the post.

27.2.3 Posts shall not be cut to length after installation in a way that leaves the cut end open or the coating breached without repair.

27.2.4 A post found out of plumb by more than 1/4 inch in 5 feet after the footing has cured shall be removed and reset, and the cost of removal and resetting shall be borne by the Contractor.

27.3 Fabric and Panel Installation

27.3.1 Chain-link fabric installation shall conform to ASTM F567.

27.3.2 Chain-link fabric shall be stretched taut with a fabric stretcher before it is tied, and shall be secured to each terminal post with a full-height tension bar and tension bands.

27.3.3 Fabric shall be tensioned so that it does not sag, wave, or ripple between posts under no wind.

27.3.4 Fabric shall be installed on the side of the framework the drawings indicate, and where the drawings do not indicate a side, on the secured side of the fence.

27.3.5 Rigid ornamental and welded mesh panels shall be stepped to follow changing grade, and chain-link fabric shall be raked to follow a uniform slope.

27.3.6 Panels and fabric shall not be forced into a bay of the wrong length, and a bay whose length does not match the panel shall be reframed rather than the panel cut.

27.4 Gate Installation and Adjustment

27.4.1 Gates shall be hung plumb and shall swing, slide, lift, or pivot freely through their full travel without binding, dragging, or contacting the ground.

27.4.2 Swing gate truss rods shall be tensioned after hanging so that the latch corner of the leaf sits level.

27.4.3 Slide gate rollers, guides, and stops shall be adjusted so that the leaf stops at the intended fully open and fully closed positions.

27.4.4 Automated gates shall have their limits, force settings, and obstruction settings configured in accordance with the operator manufacturer's instructions.

27.4.5 An automated gate shall not be left energized and operable at the end of a work shift until its entrapment protection has been installed, configured, and tested.

27.5 Field Repair of Coatings

NOTE Bare steel at a field cut or a drilled hole is where premature corrosion starts on an otherwise sound galvanized fence, because it is the one place with no zinc to sacrifice. (27.5.1)

27.5.2 Field cuts, drilled holes, welds, and abrasions that expose bare steel shall be repaired with a zinc-rich coating conforming to ASTM A780.

27.5.3 The color finish shall be touched up over the repaired area to match the adjacent finish.

27.5.4 The repair material shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Field Coating Repair Materialselect

Zinc-rich paint to ASTM A780

Zinc-based solder to ASTM A780

Zinc spray metallizing to ASTM A780

27.5.5 Damage that removes coating over an area larger than the repair material is qualified to restore shall be corrected by replacing the member, at no additional cost where the damage occurred after delivery to the site.

28 Field Testing and Acceptance

28.1 Gate Operation Test

28.1.1 Each gate shall be operated through its full range of travel and demonstrated to move freely, to latch and lock as specified, and to stop at its intended open and closed positions.

28.1.2 Each automated gate shall be cycled to demonstrate that the operator opens and closes the leaf fully and stops and reverses on its inherent entrapment sensor.

28.1.3 Each automated gate shall be demonstrated to operate correctly from every control input provided, including the manual controls and the detection loops.

28.1.4 The manual release on each automated gate shall be demonstrated with the operator de-energized.

28.2 Entrapment-Protection Verification

28.2.1 Every entrapment-protection device on every automated gate shall be tested by introducing an obstruction into the zone that device protects.

28.2.2 The test shall demonstrate that the gate stops and reverses in the closing direction and stops in the opening direction.

28.2.3 The test shall be performed separately for each device and for each direction of travel.

28.2.4 Each external device shall additionally be tested by disconnecting it, to demonstrate that the operator refuses powered operation when the monitored device is not present.

28.2.5 An automated gate shall not be placed in service until every required entrapment-protection device has been tested and confirmed to function.

28.2.6 The Contractor shall document each test with the gate identifier, the device tested, the direction of travel, the date, and the name of the person performing the test.

28.2.7 The Contractor shall bear the cost of retesting after a failure, including the cost of any repair or adjustment required to pass.

28.3 Fence Acceptance Inspection

28.3.1 The completed fence shall be inspected for post plumb, line alignment, fabric or panel tension, height, bottom clearance, and the condition of every coating.

28.3.2 Sagging fabric, out-of-plumb posts, leaning gate posts, gates that drag or bind, and coating damage shall be corrected before acceptance.

28.3.3 Where the Contractor and the Engineer of Record disagree whether an installed condition meets a tolerance in this standard, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.

29 Delivery, Storage, and Handling

NOTE Galvanized material stacked wet and tightly bundled develops wet-storage staining, the bulky white zinc corrosion product that forms where moisture is trapped against the surface with no air. It consumes the zinc it forms from, so a heavily stained member has already spent part of the service life the coating was bought for. (29.1)

29.2 Fence materials shall be delivered in bundles identified with the manufacturer, the product designation, and the governing ASTM standard.

29.3 Galvanized and polymer-coated framework, fabric, and panels shall be stored off the ground on supports, sloped to drain, and kept ventilated.

29.4 Materials shall not be stored in tight bundles or under covers that trap moisture against the surface.

29.5 Polymer-coated and powder-coated components shall be protected from abrasion and impact during handling and shall not be dragged.

29.6 Gate operators, their controls, and entrapment-protection devices shall be stored indoors and protected from weather until they are installed.

29.7 Damaged materials shall not be installed.

29.8 Galvanized material carrying wet-storage staining that has consumed the coating below the specified weight shall not be installed.

30 Warranty

30.1 Installation Warranty

30.1.1 The Contractor shall warrant the fence and gate installation, including framework, fabric and panels, gates, hardware, and the achievement of plumb, tension, alignment, and free operation, for the period indicated in the datasheet beginning at substantial completion.

Installation Warranty Periodrange

years

1235

30.1.2 Warranty obligations shall include correction of post heave and lean, fabric sag, gate sag and binding, coating failure not attributable to abuse or to damage by others, and gate operator malfunction.

30.1.3 Where a warranted item is repaired or replaced, the repaired or replaced item shall carry a fresh warranty of the full period from the date of the repair, or the remainder of the original period, whichever is longer.

30.1.4 The Contractor shall bear the cost of collateral damage caused by a warranty repair, including restoration of pavement, landscaping, and adjacent finishes disturbed to make the repair.

30.2 Finish and Operator Warranties

30.2.1 Manufacturer warranties for polymer and powder-coat finishes and for gate operators shall be assigned to the Owner and shall run from substantial completion.

30.2.2 The finish warranty period shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Finish Warranty Periodrange

years

1510152025

30.2.3 The gate operator warranty period shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

Gate Operator Warranty Periodrange

years

1235710

30.2.4 Where the datasheet asserts no operator warranty period, the manufacturer's standard warranty term shall govern, and the Contractor shall state that term in the product data submittal.

30.2.5 Where the datasheet asserts no finish warranty period, the finish manufacturer's standard warranty term shall govern, and the Contractor shall state that term in the product data submittal.

30.2.6 The finish warranty shall cover chalking, fading, cracking, checking, peeling, and loss of adhesion, and shall state the measurement basis for each.

31 Spare Parts

NOTE The parts that strand a gate are the ones with no substitute: the proprietary tool that sets the operator limits, the manual-release key, and the entrapment-protection device that has to be replaced before the gate can legally run again. (31.1)

31.2 The Contractor shall furnish the spare parts and special tools indicated in the datasheet and shall turn them over to the Owner at substantial completion.

Spare Parts and Special Toolscheckbox

☑ Manual release key or tool for each automated gate

☑ Operator programming and limit-setting tool

☐ One spare external entrapment-protection device of each type installed

☐ Spare fabric ties and fittings

☐ Spare tamper-resistant fastener driver bits

☑ Touch-up coating in each finish color furnished

☐ One spare gate latch of each type installed

31.3 Spare parts shall be the same product as the installed item, delivered in the manufacturer's packaging and identified with the order designation.

31.4 The Contractor shall furnish the gate operator manufacturer's recommended spare parts list at closeout.