Plumbing Fixtures

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−---

−title: Plumbing Fixtures

−category: Plumbing

−toc_depth: 3

−description: >

− When to use: Commercial, institutional, and industrial plumbing fixtures and their trim, carriers, and supports. Covers water closets (tank-type and flushometer), urinals, lavatories, sinks (service, mop, kitchen, hand-wash), showers, drinking fountains and bottle fillers, and emergency eyewash and shower equipment. Includes water-conservation requirements, accessibility, fixture supports, supply stops, P-traps and tailpieces, thermostatic mixing for scald protection, and fixture-side backflow protection.

−

− Not intended for: Residential plumbing fixtures (single-family and townhouse construction); food-service fixtures, dishwashing equipment, pre-rinse units, and grease-bearing waste fixtures (separate scope); hydrotherapy tubs, whirlpools, and bariatric or medical bathing equipment; laboratory fixtures requiring chemical-resistant materials and laboratory waste piping; bidets and personal hygiene fixtures; bathtubs (covered by residential or hospitality-specific scopes); fixture rough-in waste piping, traps below the fixture connection, vents, and trap arms (see [[sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping]]); fixture supply piping upstream of the supply stop (see [[sync/domestic-water-piping]]); water heaters, master mixing valves, and storage equipment (see [[sync/water-heaters]]); building backflow prevention assemblies (see [[sync/backflow-prevention]]).

−---

−

−# Scope {toc}

−

−## This standard covers the selection, materials, performance requirements, supports, trim, installation, and acceptance testing of plumbing fixtures for commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings. {note}

−## The scope begins at the fixture supply stop on the water side and at the fixture outlet or integral trap on the waste side, and includes all components that are part of the fixture assembly: the fixture itself, the carrier or support, the supply stops, the trim (handles, escutcheons, flush valves, faucets), the tailpiece and P-trap where exposed at the fixture, the strainer or pop-up waste, and any integral mixing or backflow control. {note}

−

−## Plumbing fixtures are the public-facing surface of the entire plumbing system and are among the highest sources of life-cycle cost in any building, through water consumption, hot water consumption, maintenance frequency, and replacement intervals; this standard establishes baselines that meet the federal Energy Policy Act (EPAct) maximums, comply with the EPA WaterSense Specifications where applicable, and reflect the configurations actually procured by commercial and institutional projects. {note}

−

−## A water closet that uses 1.6 gpf instead of 1.28 gpf, multiplied by typical commercial usage, can add tens of thousands of gallons per fixture per year, and a lavatory faucet that delivers 2.2 gpm instead of 0.5 gpm wastes both water and the energy embedded in the hot water it draws. {note}

−

−## Coordination and Drawings {toc}

−

−### Fixture quantities, locations, and rough-in dimensions are [[drawing: as indicated on the architectural floor plans, plumbing floor plans, and fixture schedule]]. {note}

−### This standard establishes the material, performance, and trim requirements that govern those drawings. {note}

−

−### The Contractor shall coordinate fixture rough-in connections with [[sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping]] for traps, trap arms, and vent connections, and with [[sync/domestic-water-piping]] for supply piping upstream of the supply stop.

−

−### The Contractor shall coordinate scald protection and recirculation temperature with [[sync/water-heaters]], and shall coordinate any required fixture-supply backflow protection with [[sync/backflow-prevention]].

−

−## Accessibility Baseline {toc}

−

−### Accessibility requirements throughout this standard are stated as federal-baseline requirements per the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design and ICC A117.1.

−

−### Projects in jurisdictions that impose more restrictive accessibility requirements shall comply with the more stringent requirement.

−

−# Referenced Standards {toc}

−

−## Fixtures, fittings, supports, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of the following standards and codes.

−

−## Precedence {toc}

−

−### Where the contract documents, the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ), or a referenced standard impose conflicting requirements, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.

−

−### The applicable plumbing code — International Plumbing Code (IPC) or Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) as adopted by the jurisdiction — shall take precedence over all other references on any matter directly addressed by that code.

−

−## Referenced Standards List {toc}

−

−| Standard | Title |

−|----------|-------|

−| IPC | International Plumbing Code (Chapter 4 — Fixtures, Faucets, and Fixture Fittings) |

−| UPC | Uniform Plumbing Code (Chapter 4 — Plumbing Fixtures and Fixture Fittings) |

−| ASME A112.19.2 | Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures (water closets, urinals, lavatories, sinks of vitreous china) |

−| ASME A112.19.3 | Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures |

−| ASME A112.19.5 | Flush Valves and Spuds for Water Closets, Urinals, and Tanks |

−| ASME A112.19.7 | Hydromassage Bathtub Appliances (referenced for exclusion) |

−| ASME A112.19.14 | Six-Liter Water Closets Equipped with a Dual Flushing Device |

−| ASME A112.18.1 / CSA B125.1 | Plumbing Supply Fittings (faucets and supply fittings) |

−| ASME A112.18.2 / CSA B125.2 | Plumbing Waste Fittings (tailpieces, P-traps, strainers, pop-ups) |

−| ASME A112.6.1M | Floor-Affixed Supports for Off-the-Floor Plumbing Fixtures for Public Use |

−| ASME A112.6.2 | Framing-Affixed Supports for Off-the-Floor Water Closets with Concealed Tanks |

−| ASME A112.6.3 | Floor and Trench Drains (referenced for floor drains adjacent to fixtures) |

−| ASSE 1001 | Performance Requirements for Atmospheric Type Vacuum Breakers |

−| ASSE 1002 | Performance Requirements for Anti-Siphon Fill Valves (Ballcocks) for Gravity Water Closet Flush Tanks |

−| ASSE 1016 / ASME A112.1016 / CSA B125.16 | Performance Requirements for Automatic Compensating Valves for Individual Showers and Tub/Shower Combinations |

−| ASSE 1037 | Performance Requirements for Pressurized Flushing Devices (Flushometers) for Plumbing Fixtures |

−| ASSE 1070 / ASME A112.1070 / CSA B125.70 | Performance Requirements for Water Temperature Limiting Devices |

−| ANSI Z358.1 | Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment |

−| EPA WaterSense Specifications | WaterSense Specification for Tank-Type Toilets; Flushometer Tank Toilets; Flushometer-Valve Water Closets; Urinals; Lavatory Faucets; Showerheads |

−| Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) | Maximum Water Use Levels for Plumbing Products (federal) |

−| 2010 ADA Standards | 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design |

−| ICC A117.1 | Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities |

−| NSF/ANSI 61 | Drinking Water System Components — Health Effects |

−| NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 | Drinking Water System Components — Lead Content (0.25% maximum weighted average) |

−| ASME A112.19.12 | Wall-Mounted, Pedestal-Mounted, Adjustable, Elevated, Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers |

−| ASTM A276 | Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes (fixture trim) |

−| ASTM A312 | Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes |

−| ICC/ANSI A117.1 | Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities (referenced by IBC) |

−

−# Submittals {toc}

−

−## Action Submittals {toc}

−

−### Contractor shall submit the following for the Engineer's review prior to procurement and installation:

−

−- Product data for each fixture indicated on the fixture schedule, identifying the manufacturer, model number, material, color and finish, mounting type (floor, wall-hung), rough-in dimensions, flush volume or flow rate, ADA compliance, and the applicable ASME A112.19.x or equivalent product standard

−- Product data for all fixture trim — flush valves, faucets, supply stops, escutcheons, tailpieces, P-traps, and strainers — including the applicable ASME A112.18.1, A112.18.2, A112.19.5, or ASSE standard, the body and waterway material, the flow rate or flush volume at the rated supply pressure, and confirmation of NSF/ANSI 61 and NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 certification for all wetted parts

−- Product data for fixture carriers and supports per ASME A112.6.1M, including the carrier's rated load, the fixture model it is listed to support, and the floor or framing connection details

−- Product data for accessible fixtures, including the manufacturer's published documentation of compliance with the 2010 ADA Standards and ICC A117.1 — knee clearance, toe clearance, controls reach, lever operation, insulated traps, and lavatory rim height

−- Product data for thermostatic and pressure-balancing mixing valves serving showers, lavatories, and group lavatories — including ASSE 1016 (showers) or ASSE 1070 (point-of-use temperature limiting) certification and the maximum delivery temperature setting

−- Product data for emergency eyewash and shower equipment per ANSI Z358.1, including the flushing-fluid flow rate, delivery pattern, valve type, activation method, tempered-water source, and signage

−- Product data for drinking fountains and bottle fillers, including bubbler flow rate, filter type and capacity (if filtered), refrigeration capacity (if chilled), ADA compliance, and lead-free certification

−- WaterSense documentation for any fixture for which WaterSense certification is required by the contract documents or by the local water utility incentive program

−

−```datasheet

−label: Action Submittals Required

−type: checkbox

−options:

− - "Fixture product data with ASME A112.19.x compliance and rough-in dimensions"

− - "Fixture trim product data with NSF 61/372 certification"

− - "Fixture carrier product data per ASME A112.6.1M with load rating"

− - "Accessibility compliance documentation (2010 ADA / ICC A117.1)"

− - "Thermostatic / scald-protection valve product data (ASSE 1016 / 1070)"

− - "Emergency eyewash and shower product data (ANSI Z358.1)"

− - "Drinking fountain and bottle filler product data"

− - "EPA WaterSense certification documentation (where required)"

−default: "Fixture product data with ASME A112.19.x compliance and rough-in dimensions"

−```

−

−### Work shall not proceed on any fixture group until the corresponding submittals have been reviewed and returned.

−

−## Closeout Submittals {toc}

−

−### Contractor shall provide the following at substantial completion before the fixtures are accepted:

−

−- Operation and maintenance (O&M) manuals for every fixture, including flush valve cartridge replacement instructions, faucet cartridge replacement instructions, aerator cleaning instructions, sensor calibration instructions for sensor-operated fixtures, and battery replacement schedules for battery-operated sensor fixtures

−- Spare parts inventory delivered to the Owner per the Spare Parts section of this standard

−- Manufacturer warranty documentation for each fixture and for trim, with the warranty period commencing at substantial completion or as otherwise indicated in the manufacturer's published terms

−- Field test reports demonstrating that each fixture flushes or flows within the manufacturer's specified range, that scald-protection setpoints are set correctly at the valve, and that emergency eyewash and shower equipment satisfies ANSI Z358.1 flow and tempered-water requirements

−- ADA accessibility verification record documenting that each accessible fixture is set at the required height, with the required clearances and reach ranges, and that operating controls require no more than 5 lb of force to operate and can be operated with a closed fist

−

−```datasheet

−label: Required Closeout Submittals

−type: checkbox

−options:

− - "Operation and maintenance (O&M) manuals for every fixture"

− - "Spare parts inventory delivered to the Owner"

− - "Manufacturer warranty documentation for each fixture and trim"

− - "Field test reports (flush/flow, scald setpoints, emergency equipment)"

− - "ADA accessibility verification record"

−default: [Operation and maintenance (O&M) manuals for every fixture, Spare parts inventory delivered to the Owner, Manufacturer warranty documentation for each fixture and trim, Field test reports (flush/flow, scald setpoints, emergency equipment), ADA accessibility verification record]

−```

−

−# Quality Assurance {toc}

−

−## Installer Qualifications {toc}

−

−### Fixture installation shall be performed by journeyman plumbers licensed in the jurisdiction where the work is performed and supervised by a licensed plumbing contractor.

−

−### Specialty fixtures — emergency eyewash and shower equipment, sensor-operated flushometers, and electronically controlled fixtures — shall be installed by personnel who have received training from the fixture or controls manufacturer in the specific product line.

−

−### The Contractor shall maintain on-site documentation of installer training for these products and shall make documentation available for inspection by the Engineer or the AHJ upon request.

−

−## Lead-Free Compliance {toc}

−

−### All fixture components in contact with potable water — including supply stops, flush valves, faucet bodies and cartridges, supply risers, and tailpieces upstream of the fixture trap weir on potable-water-supplied fixtures — shall be certified to NSF/ANSI/CAN 372, confirming that the weighted average lead content of the wetted surface area does not exceed 0.25 percent.

−

−### The Contractor shall maintain current NSF 61 and NSF 372 certification documentation on site throughout construction.

−

−### Lead-free certification is a federal requirement under the Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act (Section 1417 of the Safe Drinking Water Act) and is not subject to project-level waiver. {note}

−

−## Regulatory and Accessibility Inspection {toc}

−

−### Each fixture group shall be available for inspection by the AHJ and by the Owner's accessibility consultant where one is engaged.

−

−### The Contractor shall coordinate inspection timing and shall not enclose, finish around, or trim out any fixture installation until the rough-in has been inspected and released.

−

−### Accessible fixture installations shall be verified for compliance with the 2010 ADA Standards and ICC A117.1 before the wall finish is completed where the wall finish would conceal the carrier offset, supply rough-in heights, or trap insulation.

−

−## Listing and Marking {toc}

−

−### Each fixture shall bear the applicable ASME A112.19.x designation, the manufacturer's identification, and the model number, legibly marked or cast into the fixture.

−

−### Trim shall bear the applicable ASME A112.18.x or A112.19.5 designation, the manufacturer's identification, and the flow rate or flush volume rating.

−

−### Fixtures and trim that do not bear the required marking shall not be incorporated into the work.

−

−## Water-Conservation Compliance {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Water Conservation Baseline

−type: radio

−drawing_ref: "drawings and energy model"

−options:

− - "EPAct maximum (federal minimum required for all fixtures)"

− - "EPA WaterSense Specification (preferred — 20% below EPAct maximum)"

−default: "EPA WaterSense Specification (preferred — 20% below EPAct maximum)"

−```

−

−### Every potable-water-supplied fixture installed under this scope shall comply with the maximum water use levels established by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) and subsequent federal rulemakings.

−

−### Where the contract documents indicate compliance with the EPA WaterSense Specifications, fixtures shall additionally be certified to the applicable WaterSense Specification and shall bear the WaterSense label.

−

−### The Contractor shall not substitute a non-WaterSense-labeled fixture for a WaterSense-labeled fixture without written approval from the Engineer, even when the substituted fixture meets the EPAct maximum.

−

−# Service Conditions {toc}

−

−## Water Supply Pressure {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Available Supply Pressure at Fixture

−type: range

−unit: psi

−drawing_ref: true

−options:

− min: 20

− max: 80

− setpoints: [20, 25, 35, 45, 60, 80]

−default: 45

−```

−

−### Fixture flush valves and faucets shall be selected and installed for the static and flowing supply pressure available at the fixture supply stop.

−

−### Where building static pressure exceeds 80 psi at the fixture supply, a pressure reducing valve shall be installed upstream per [[sync/domestic-water-piping]].

−

−### Flushometers require a minimum flowing pressure (typically 25 psi at the flush valve inlet) to operate at the rated flush volume; below this pressure, the flushometer cannot complete its flush cycle and will malfunction, while tank-type water closets are tolerant of supply pressure as low as 20 psi static. {note}

−

−### Sustained supply pressure above 80 psi accelerates wear of flush valve diaphragms, faucet cartridges, and supply stop O-rings, and is prohibited by IPC and UPC. {note}

−

−## Hot Water Delivery Temperature {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Maximum Lavatory Delivery Temperature

−type: select

−unit: °F

−options:

− - "110°F (public-use facilities — IPC / UPC requirement)"

− - "105°F (healthcare, childcare, or schools — enhanced scald protection)"

−default: "110°F (public-use facilities — IPC / UPC requirement)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Maximum Shower Delivery Temperature

−type: select

−unit: °F

−options:

− - "120°F (ASSE 1016 maximum)"

− - "110°F (childcare, school, or special-needs occupancies)"

−default: "120°F (ASSE 1016 maximum)"

−```

−

−### The maximum delivery temperature at any lavatory, shower, or other fixture used for hand-washing, bathing, or showering shall not exceed the limit established by the adopted plumbing code and by ASSE 1070 (point-of-use temperature-limiting devices) or ASSE 1016 (automatic-compensating shower valves).

−

−### Where the building hot water system is maintained at higher temperatures for Legionella control (see [[sync/domestic-water-piping]] and [[sync/water-heaters]]), a thermostatic mixing valve or temperature-limiting valve at the fixture or fixture group shall provide the final temperature control.

−

−### The IPC and UPC limit lavatory delivery temperature in public-use facilities to 110°F (43°C) maximum, and ASSE 1016 limits shower delivery temperature to 120°F (49°C) maximum. {note}

−

−# Water Closets {toc}

−

−## General Requirements {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Water Closet Bowl Mounting

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Floor-mounted, floor-outlet"

− - "Floor-mounted, wall-outlet (concealed carrier)"

− - "Wall-hung (concealed carrier per ASME A112.6.1M)"

−default: "Floor-mounted, floor-outlet"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Water Closet Bowl Material

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Vitreous china (ASME A112.19.2) — standard"

− - "Stainless steel (ASME A112.19.3) — security / detention / vandal-resistant applications"

−default: "Vitreous china (ASME A112.19.2) — standard"

−```

−

−### Water closets shall be vitreous china conforming to ASME A112.19.2 unless stainless steel is specifically indicated for security or institutional applications.

−

−### Water closets shall be siphon-jet or pressure-assisted bowl design, and washdown bowls shall not be used in new commercial construction.

−

−### Fixtures shall be supplied with the manufacturer's matching seat where seats are included in the fixture scope, and the seat selection shall be coordinated with the contract documents.

−

−### Bowl trapway diameter shall be not less than 2-1/8 inches at the most restrictive section for full-size commercial bowls.

−

−### The bowl shall demonstrate compliance with the MaP (Maximum Performance) waste extraction test at the rated flush volume.

−

−### Wall-hung water closets supported by a floor-affixed carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M are preferred for high-traffic public restrooms because the wall-hung configuration allows the floor under and around the fixture to be cleaned without obstruction, but require careful coordination of the carrier centerline with the finished wall layout and the waste rough-in. {note}

−

−### Floor-mounted, floor-outlet water closets are the lowest-cost configuration and are appropriate for back-of-house, single-user, or budget-driven applications where ease of floor cleaning is less critical. {note}

−

−### Washdown bowls are excluded from new commercial construction because of their lower bowl-clearance performance compared to siphon-jet designs. {note}

−

−## Flush Volume {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Water Closet Flush Volume

−type: select

−unit: gpf

−options:

− - "1.6 gpf (EPAct maximum, single-flush)"

− - "1.28 gpf (WaterSense single-flush — preferred)"

− - "Dual-flush — 1.6 / 1.1 gpf"

− - "Dual-flush — 1.28 / 0.8 gpf (WaterSense dual-flush)"

− - "1.0 gpf (high-efficiency single-flush, where bowl design supports it)"

−default: "1.28 gpf (WaterSense single-flush — preferred)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Water Closet Flush Actuation

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Tank-type with ASSE 1002 anti-siphon fill valve (typically small-office or low-traffic public)"

− - "Manual flushometer (lever-operated, exposed flush valve)"

− - "Sensor-operated flushometer (battery- or hardwired-powered)"

−default: "Manual flushometer (lever-operated, exposed flush valve)"

−```

−

−### Maximum flush volume for water closets installed under this scope shall not exceed 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) per the federal EPAct requirement.

−

−### WaterSense-labeled water closets shall not exceed 1.28 gpf.

−

−### The effective flush volume of a dual-flush water closet per ASME A112.19.14 shall be calculated per the WaterSense methodology and shall not exceed the rated maximum.

−

−### Dual-flush water closets per ASME A112.19.14 use a reduced volume (typically 0.8 to 1.1 gpf) for liquid waste and the full flush (1.28 or 1.6 gpf) for solid waste. {note}

−

−### Flushometer-valve water closets are the standard for commercial and institutional restrooms with three or more water closets because they require no tank, recharge instantly between flushes, and have a longer service life than tank-type fixtures under heavy use. {note}

−

−### Sensor-operated flushometers reduce hand contact with the fixture (an infection-control benefit in healthcare and food-service occupancies) and eliminate user-controlled overuse, but require either hardwired low-voltage power or periodic battery replacement, and have a higher initial cost and a shorter service life for the sensor and solenoid components compared to manual flushometers. {note}

−

−### Tank-type water closets are appropriate for single-occupant restrooms, small offices, and tenant restrooms where flushometer water hammer or supply-pressure requirements make a flushometer impractical. {note}

−

−## Flushometer Requirements {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Flushometer Standard

−type: radio

−options:

− - "ASSE 1037 — diaphragm-type flushometer (standard)"

− - "ASSE 1037 — piston-type flushometer (for high-traffic / heavy-cycle applications)"

−default: "ASSE 1037 — diaphragm-type flushometer (standard)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Flushometer Inlet Size

−type: select

−unit: in

−options:

− - "1 in. (standard for water closets)"

− - "3/4 in. (urinals)"

−default: "1 in. (standard for water closets)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Flushometer Finish

−type: select

−options:

− - "Polished chrome (standard)"

− - "Brushed nickel"

− - "Brushed stainless"

− - "Polished brass"

− - "Matte black PVD"

−default: "Polished chrome (standard)"

−```

−

−### Flushometers shall conform to ASSE 1037 and shall be selected for the flush volume of the water closet they serve.

−

−### The flushometer flush volume cartridge or diaphragm shall match the bowl's rated flush volume.

−

−### The flushometer body shall be chrome-plated brass; PVD-finished and brushed nickel finishes are acceptable where the contract documents specify a non-chrome finish.

−

−### Flushometers shall include an integral angle stop with a screwdriver-operated control, a vacuum breaker conforming to ASSE 1001 above the rim of the fixture, and a back-check valve to prevent contamination of the supply piping during a negative-pressure event.

−

−### Flushometers and bowls are matched as a system, and the standard 6-inch minimum air gap required for vacuum-breaker protection is built into the flush-valve tailpiece. {note}

−

−## Tank-Type Water Closet Requirements {toc}

−

−### Tank-type water closets shall have a vitreous china tank conforming to ASME A112.19.2 and shall be furnished with the manufacturer's matching fill valve and flush valve.

−

−### Fill valves shall conform to ASSE 1002.

−

−### The fill valve shall be installed so that the critical level of the anti-siphon device is above the tank's overflow tube.

−

−### Tank-to-bowl bolts shall be brass.

−

−### The tank lid shall be furnished by the same manufacturer as the tank and shall fit the tank without rocking.

−

−### ASSE 1002 fill valves protect the potable water supply from siphonage of tank water in the event of a negative pressure event in the supply piping, and brass tank-to-bowl bolts are required because steel bolts corrode in the tank water and stain the fixture. {note}

−

−## Accessibility {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Water Closet Seat Height (Accessible)

−type: range

−unit: in

−options:

− min: 17

− max: 19

− setpoints: [17, 17.5, 18, 19]

−default: 17

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Accessible Water Closet Flush Handle Location

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Open (transfer) side of fixture — required by 2010 ADA Section 604.6"

− - "Sensor-operated (no handle, automatic flush)"

−default: "Open (transfer) side of fixture — required by 2010 ADA Section 604.6"

−```

−

−### Water closets serving accessible compartments and accessible single-user restrooms shall comply with the 2010 ADA Standards (Section 604) and ICC A117.1.

−

−### The water closet seat height shall be 17 to 19 inches above the finished floor.

−

−### The water closet centerline shall be 16 to 18 inches from the side wall on the grab-bar side.

−

−### The flush control shall be on the open (transfer) side of the water closet and shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, with no more than 5 lb of operating force.

−

−### Where a manual flushometer handle is used, it shall be the wide-blade type that can be operated by the side of a closed fist or a forearm.

−

−### Sensor-operated flushometers comply with the operating-force requirement of 2010 ADA Section 604.6 because they require no manual actuation. {note}

−

−# Urinals {toc}

−

−## General Requirements {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Urinal Type

−type: select

−options:

− - "Washout — siphon-jet bowl with integral trap (standard commercial)"

− - "Washdown — bowl with separate trap (lower-cost, lower performance)"

− - "Waterless / non-water urinal (cartridge-based sealant)"

−default: "Washout — siphon-jet bowl with integral trap (standard commercial)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Urinal Material

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Vitreous china (ASME A112.19.2) — standard"

− - "Stainless steel (ASME A112.19.3) — detention / vandal-resistant"

−default: "Vitreous china (ASME A112.19.2) — standard"

−```

−

−### Urinals shall be vitreous china conforming to ASME A112.19.2 unless stainless steel is specifically indicated.

−

−### Urinals shall be wall-hung supported by a concealed carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M.

−

−### Floor-mounted urinals shall not be specified in new construction.

−

−### Trough urinals shall not be used in new construction.

−

−### The Contractor shall coordinate any waterless urinal installation with [[sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping]] to confirm that the drain piping is compatible with concentrated urine.

−

−### Individual urinals provide both better hygiene and accessibility compliance than trough urinals, and washout (siphon-jet) urinals are the standard for commercial restrooms because the integral trap, designed bowl geometry, and engineered flush profile produce reliable solids and liquid clearing at the rated flush volume. {note}

−

−### Waterless urinals replace water flushing with a sealant cartridge that traps urine and prevents sewer gas escape; they eliminate flush water consumption and supply piping to the fixture, but require periodic cartridge replacement and may require modifications to drain piping material to prevent uric acid scale buildup. {note}

−

−## Flush Volume {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Urinal Flush Volume

−type: select

−unit: gpf

−options:

− - "1.0 gpf (EPAct maximum)"

− - "0.5 gpf (WaterSense maximum)"

− - "0.25 gpf (high-efficiency)"

− - "0.125 gpf (ultra-low-flush, preferred for new construction)"

− - "0 gpf (waterless / non-water urinal)"

−default: "0.125 gpf (ultra-low-flush, preferred for new construction)"

−```

−

−### Maximum urinal flush volume per EPAct is 1.0 gpf.

−

−### WaterSense-labeled urinals shall not exceed 0.5 gpf.

−

−### High-efficiency urinals using 0.125 gpf (one pint per flush) are widely available and procurable from multiple manufacturers, and are the preferred selection for new commercial construction; waterless urinals are scored as 0 gpf for water-conservation calculation purposes. {note}

−

−## Urinal Flushometer {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Urinal Flushometer Actuation

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Manual flushometer (lever-operated)"

− - "Sensor-operated flushometer (battery or hardwired)"

− - "Not applicable — waterless urinal"

−default: "Sensor-operated flushometer (battery or hardwired)"

−```

−

−### Urinal flushometers shall conform to ASSE 1037 and shall match the urinal's rated flush volume.

−

−### The flush volume cartridge or diaphragm shall be confirmed to match the bowl rating.

−

−### Sensor-operated urinal flushometers shall provide an override mechanism (manual button or extended-hold sensor) to allow maintenance flushing.

−

−### Inlet size is typically 3/4 inch, and sensor-operated flushometers are common in public-use restrooms because of the hygiene benefit of no-touch operation. {note}

−

−## Accessibility {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Accessible Urinal Rim Height

−type: range

−unit: in

−options:

− min: 13

− max: 17

− setpoints: [13, 14, 15, 17]

−default: 17

−```

−

−### Where one or more urinals is provided in a room, at least one shall be accessible per the 2010 ADA Standards (Section 605).

−

−### The rim of the accessible urinal shall be not more than 17 inches above the finished floor.

−

−### The accessible urinal shall be stall-type or wall-hung with the rim elongated to provide the required reach depth.

−

−### The flush control of the accessible urinal shall be no more than 44 inches above the finished floor.

−

−# Lavatories {toc}

−

−## General Requirements {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Lavatory Mounting Type

−type: select

−options:

− - "Wall-hung with concealed carrier (ASME A112.6.1M)"

− - "Counter-set drop-in (self-rimming)"

− - "Counter-set under-counter (under-mount)"

− - "Counter-set vessel (above-counter)"

− - "Pedestal"

− - "Integral with countertop (solid surface, quartz, or stone)"

−default: "Counter-set under-counter (under-mount)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Lavatory Material

−type: select

−options:

− - "Vitreous china (ASME A112.19.2)"

− - "Enameled cast iron"

− - "Stainless steel Type 304 (ASME A112.19.3)"

− - "Stainless steel Type 316 (ASME A112.19.3) — high-chloride or food-service-adjacent"

− - "Solid surface (acrylic / polyester composite, integral or sealed)"

− - "Cultured marble / engineered stone"

−default: "Vitreous china (ASME A112.19.2)"

−```

−

−### Lavatories shall be vitreous china, enameled cast iron, stainless steel, or solid surface depending on the application and the design intent.

−

−### Lavatories shall be supported by a wall-affixed concealed carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M where wall-hung.

−

−### Counter-set (drop-in, under-counter, or vessel) lavatories shall be supported by the counter and shall be sealed to the counter with sanitary silicone sealant.

−

−### Material selection drives the visual character of the restroom, the durability of the fixture, and the cost, and vitreous china is the standard for commercial restroom lavatories because it is durable, easy to clean, available in many shapes and sizes, and cost-effective. {note}

−

−### Stainless steel is preferred for high-vandal, high-traffic, healthcare, and detention applications because of its impact resistance and ease of repair, and solid surface lavatories are common in modern healthcare and hospitality applications because they can be fabricated as an integral, seamless basin-and-counter assembly that eliminates the rim joint where contamination accumulates. {note}

−

−### Pedestal lavatories are appropriate for some hospitality and high-design contexts but are not preferred for high-use public restrooms because they restrict counter space and cleaning access. {note}

−

−## Faucet {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Lavatory Faucet Type

−type: select

−options:

− - "Manual single-handle faucet"

− - "Manual two-handle (separate hot/cold)"

− - "Manual single-temperature (cold only, or pre-mixed warm)"

− - "Sensor-operated single-temperature"

− - "Sensor-operated mixed temperature"

− - "Metering / self-closing (push-button or push-cartridge)"

−default: "Sensor-operated mixed temperature"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Public Lavatory Faucet Flow Rate

−type: select

−unit: gpm

−options:

− - "0.5 gpm (WaterSense / public restroom maximum)"

− - "0.35 gpm (high-efficiency)"

− - "0.25 gpm (ultra-low-flow metered)"

−default: "0.5 gpm (WaterSense / public restroom maximum)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Private Lavatory Faucet Flow Rate

−type: select

−unit: gpm

−options:

− - "1.5 gpm (WaterSense private-use maximum)"

− - "1.2 gpm (high-efficiency)"

− - "2.2 gpm (EPAct private-use maximum)"

−default: "1.5 gpm (WaterSense private-use maximum)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Metering Faucet Cycle Time

−type: range

−unit: seconds

−options:

− min: 10

− max: 30

− setpoints: [10, 15, 20, 25, 30]

−default: 15

−```

−

−### Lavatory faucets shall conform to ASME A112.18.1 and shall have a maximum flow rate of 0.5 gallons per minute (gpm) at 60 psi for public lavatory faucets, per EPAct and the WaterSense Specification for Lavatory Faucets.

−

−### Private-use lavatory faucets (in private offices, hotel guest rooms, and dwelling units) may have flow rates up to 2.2 gpm but shall not exceed 1.5 gpm where WaterSense compliance is required.

−

−### Aerators shall be vandal-resistant in public restrooms.

−

−### Sensor-operated faucets reduce hand contact, eliminate user-controlled overuse, and are required by many healthcare infection-control protocols, but require either hardwired low-voltage power or periodic battery replacement, and have a sensor and solenoid with finite service life. {note}

−

−### Metering faucets, which close automatically a few seconds after the user releases the handle, are a lower-cost, no-power alternative that achieves similar water savings and are appropriate where the cost or maintenance of sensor electronics is undesirable. {note}

−

−## Scald Protection {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Lavatory Scald-Protection Method

−type: select

−options:

− - "ASSE 1070 mixing valve at each fixture"

− - "ASSE 1070 mixing valve at fixture group (manifold-served lavatories)"

− - "Tempered hot water supply at the building level (no fixture-level mixing valve required)"

− - "Single-handle faucet with internal temperature limit stop"

−default: "ASSE 1070 mixing valve at fixture group (manifold-served lavatories)"

−```

−

−### Lavatory faucets serving public-use lavatories shall be protected against scald by a thermostatic mixing valve or temperature-limiting device conforming to ASSE 1070, installed at the fixture or at a fixture group.

−

−### The maximum delivery temperature at the lavatory shall not exceed 110°F per IPC and UPC.

−

−### Healthcare, childcare, and school applications shall limit delivery temperature to 105°F.

−

−### Single-temperature (pre-mixed) lavatory faucets connected to a tempered hot water supply provide a simpler installation with no fixture-level mixing valve, but require a tempered-water distribution system upstream. {note}

−

−## Tailpiece, Trap, and Insulation {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Tailpiece and P-Trap Material (Exposed)

−type: radio

−options:

− - "17-gauge chrome-plated brass (commercial standard)"

− - "20-gauge chrome-plated brass (residential-grade)"

− - "Polypropylene (laboratory or chemical-resistance applications)"

−default: "17-gauge chrome-plated brass (commercial standard)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Accessible Lavatory Trap and Supply Insulation

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Molded insulation kit on trap and hot/cold supply lines (required for ADA-accessible lavatories)"

− - "Not required (fixture is not in an accessible group)"

−default: "Molded insulation kit on trap and hot/cold supply lines (required for ADA-accessible lavatories)"

−```

−

−### Lavatory tailpieces, P-traps, and supply risers shall conform to ASME A112.18.2.

−

−### Tailpieces shall be 17-gauge chrome-plated brass for exposed installations and Schedule 40 PVC for concealed installations.

−

−### The trap and supply lines under accessible lavatories shall be insulated against contact with bare skin per the 2010 ADA Standards (Section 606.5).

−

−### The insulation shall be the molded-cover type with sealed seams, not field-wrapped insulating tape.

−

−## Accessibility {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Accessible Lavatory Rim Height

−type: range

−unit: in

−options:

− min: 32

− max: 34

− setpoints: [32, 33, 34]

−default: 34

−```

−

−### Lavatories serving accessible restrooms and accessible single-user restrooms shall comply with the 2010 ADA Standards (Section 606) and ICC A117.1.

−

−### The lavatory rim shall be 34 inches maximum above the finished floor.

−

−### Knee clearance shall be at least 27 inches high, 30 inches wide, and 8 inches deep at the lavatory front.

−

−### Toe clearance shall continue from 9 inches above the floor at 8 inches deep to 17 inches deep at the floor level.

−

−### Faucet controls shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, with no more than 5 lb of operating force.

−

−### Sensor-operated and lever-handle faucets satisfy the one-hand, no-tight-grasping operating requirement; knob handles do not. {note}

−

−# Sinks {toc}

−

−## Service Sinks and Mop Sinks {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Service Sink Material

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Molded stone / terrazzo (cast stone with integral threshold)"

− - "Floor-set fiberglass / molded composite"

− - "Stainless steel Type 304 — floor-set with integral threshold"

−default: "Molded stone / terrazzo (cast stone with integral threshold)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Service Sink Faucet

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Wall-mounted service faucet with vacuum breaker, hose thread outlet, pail hook, and integral stops"

− - "Wall-mounted service faucet with thermostatic mixing"

−default: "Wall-mounted service faucet with vacuum breaker, hose thread outlet, pail hook, and integral stops"

−```

−

−### Service sinks (mop sinks) shall be floor-set molded stone, terrazzo, or stainless steel, with an integral threshold to retain water on three sides.

−

−### The fixture shall include a service-sink faucet with a hose connection (rough threads, vacuum breaker integral to the faucet body conforming to ASSE 1001), a wall-mounted faucet body, and an integral floor-set trap connection.

−

−### Service sinks shall be installed in custodial closets, mechanical rooms, and at floor locations indicated on the drawings.

−

−## Hand-Wash Sinks {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Hand-Wash Sink Faucet Type

−type: select

−options:

− - "Sensor-operated single-temperature faucet (preferred for healthcare and food service)"

− - "Wrist-blade lever-handle two-handle faucet"

− - "Knee-operated valve with gooseneck spout"

− - "Foot-pedal valve with gooseneck spout"

−default: "Sensor-operated single-temperature faucet (preferred for healthcare and food service)"

−```

−

−### Hand-wash sinks in food preparation, healthcare, and restroom-adjacent locations shall be stainless steel Type 304 conforming to ASME A112.19.3.

−

−### Hand-wash sinks shall be wall-hung with a concealed carrier or counter-set per the contract documents.

−

−### The faucet shall be a wrist-blade or sensor-operated single-temperature mixing faucet supplied with tempered water, providing 0.5 gpm maximum flow per WaterSense, with the temperature limited to 110°F.

−

−### Hand-wash sinks in healthcare environments shall comply with the specific requirements of the Facility Guidelines Institute (FGI) Guidelines for the applicable occupancy.

−

−## Kitchen Sinks (Non-Food-Service) {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Break Room / Office Kitchen Sink Configuration

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Single bowl"

− - "Double bowl, equal compartments"

− - "Double bowl, large-and-small"

−default: "Single bowl"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Break Room Sink Faucet Flow Rate

−type: select

−unit: gpm

−options:

− - "1.5 gpm (WaterSense kitchen faucet)"

− - "1.8 gpm (high-efficiency kitchen faucet)"

− - "2.2 gpm (EPAct maximum kitchen faucet)"

−default: "1.8 gpm (high-efficiency kitchen faucet)"

−```

−

−### Kitchen sinks in break rooms, office kitchens, hotel suites, and non-commercial-kitchen applications shall be stainless steel Type 304 (18-gauge minimum, 16-gauge preferred for high-use applications) conforming to ASME A112.19.3, with sound-deadening pads bonded to the underside.

−

−### Bowl depth shall be 7-1/2 inches minimum.

−

−### Kitchen sink faucets shall be deck-mounted single-handle pull-down or wall-mounted gooseneck depending on the contract documents.

−

−### Commercial food-service sinks, three-compartment sinks, pre-rinse units, and pot sinks are outside the scope of this standard and shall be specified under the food-service equipment scope. {note}

−

−# Showers {toc}

−

−## General Requirements {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Shower Receptor / Pan Type

−type: select

−options:

− - "Pre-fabricated single-piece (acrylic or FRP) — standard hospitality and dormitory"

− - "Pre-fabricated multi-piece (acrylic or FRP) — for retrofit and tight access"

− - "Field-built with waterproof pan and tile finish — architectural / custom"

− - "Solid surface custom-fabricated"

− - "Cast iron with porcelain enamel — institutional / detention"

−default: "Pre-fabricated single-piece (acrylic or FRP) — standard hospitality and dormitory"

−```

−

−### Showers shall consist of a shower receptor or pan, walls, drain, valve, showerhead, and any accessories indicated on the drawings.

−

−### Pre-fabricated single-piece or multi-piece shower stalls shall be acrylic or fiberglass-reinforced polyester (FRP) conforming to the applicable ASTM or industry standard.

−

−### Field-built showers shall be constructed with a waterproof pan membrane, a properly sloped sub-pan, and tile, solid surface, or sheet-good wall finishes.

−

−### For field-built showers, the architectural and waterproofing scope governs the receptor and wall finish. {note}

−

−## Shower Valve — Scald Protection {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Shower Valve Compensation Type

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Pressure-balancing (ASSE 1016 Type P)"

− - "Thermostatic (ASSE 1016 Type T)"

− - "Combination pressure-balancing / thermostatic (ASSE 1016 Type TP)"

−default: "Thermostatic (ASSE 1016 Type T)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Shower Valve Maximum Delivery Temperature Field Setting

−type: range

−unit: °F

−options:

− min: 100

− max: 120

− setpoints: [105, 110, 115, 120]

−default: 110

−```

−

−### Shower valves shall be automatic-compensating mixing valves conforming to ASSE 1016 / ASME A112.1016 / CSA B125.16.

−

−### The shower valve shall include either pressure-balancing, thermostatic, or combination pressure-balancing/thermostatic compensation, and shall maintain the delivered water temperature within ±3.6°F (±2°C) of the user setpoint during pressure and temperature fluctuations in the supply.

−

−### The maximum delivery temperature shall be field-set at the valve to not more than 120°F per ASSE 1016.

−

−### Childcare, school, and certain healthcare applications shall be field-set to 110°F maximum.

−

−### Pressure-balancing valves are the lowest-cost compliant option and protect against pressure-induced temperature swings (the classic "scalded by a toilet flush" failure mode) but do not compensate for slow drift in supply temperature. {note}

−

−### Thermostatic valves measure outlet temperature and adjust the mix ratio to hold the setpoint regardless of supply pressure or temperature variations, and are preferred for hospitality, healthcare, and any application where user comfort across long shower durations matters; combination valves provide both protections and are the highest-performance and highest-cost option, typically used in institutional and high-end residential applications. {note}

−

−## Showerhead Flow Rate {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Showerhead Flow Rate

−type: select

−unit: gpm

−options:

− - "2.5 gpm (EPAct maximum)"

− - "2.0 gpm (WaterSense maximum — preferred)"

− - "1.75 gpm (high-efficiency)"

− - "1.5 gpm (ultra-low-flow, where occupant satisfaction is verified)"

−default: "2.0 gpm (WaterSense maximum — preferred)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Showerhead Configuration

−type: select

−options:

− - "Fixed wall-mounted single showerhead"

− - "Handheld on slide bar (accessible showers — required)"

− - "Combination fixed plus handheld with diverter"

− - "Ceiling-mounted rain head"

−default: "Fixed wall-mounted single showerhead"

−```

−

−### Showerhead maximum flow rate per EPAct is 2.5 gallons per minute (gpm) at 80 psi.

−

−### WaterSense-labeled showerheads shall not exceed 2.0 gpm.

−

−### Showerhead style — fixed wall-mount, handheld, multi-function, or combination — shall be as indicated on the drawings.

−

−### Accessible showers shall include a handheld showerhead on a 60-inch minimum hose, mounted on a slide bar, per the 2010 ADA Standards.

−

−## Accessible Showers {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Accessible Shower Type

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Transfer-type (36 in. × 36 in. with fixed seat)"

− - "Roll-in-type (30 in. × 60 in., no seat or with folding seat)"

− - "Standard alternate roll-in (60 in. × 30 in. with seat per drawings)"

−default: "Transfer-type (36 in. × 36 in. with fixed seat)"

−```

−

−### Accessible showers shall comply with the 2010 ADA Standards (Sections 607, 608) and ICC A117.1.

−

−### The accessible shower configuration shall be transfer-type (a 36 inch by 36 inch compartment with a transfer seat opposite the controls) or roll-in-type (a 30 inch by 60 inch compartment with controls on the long wall opposite the entry).

−

−### The controls shall be located on the wall opposite the seat in transfer showers, or on the wall opposite the back wall in roll-in showers, at 38 to 48 inches above the finished floor.

−

−### A handheld showerhead on a slide bar with a hose of at least 60 inches shall be provided.

−

−### Grab bars shall be coordinated with the architectural drawings.

−

−# Drinking Fountains and Bottle Fillers {toc}

−

−## General Requirements {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Drinking Fountain Configuration

−type: select

−options:

− - "Combination bi-level drinking fountain with integral bottle filler (preferred)"

− - "Single-level drinking fountain"

− - "Bi-level drinking fountain (adult and child / accessible heights)"

− - "Bottle filler only (no bubbler)"

− - "Stand-alone wall-mounted drinking fountain with separate bottle filler"

−default: "Combination bi-level drinking fountain with integral bottle filler (preferred)"

−```

−

−### Drinking fountains and bottle-filling stations shall conform to ASME A112.19.12 and shall be NSF/ANSI 61 and NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 certified.

−

−### Drinking fountains and bottle-filling stations shall be wall-hung with a concealed carrier supporting the unit.

−

−### Drinking fountains shall be furnished with a bubbler that produces a sanitary stream of water at a flow rate and angle that allows users to drink without contacting the bubbler.

−

−### Bottle fillers shall be sensor-activated and shall deliver water through a no-touch fill spout into a user-supplied container.

−

−### Combination bi-level drinking fountains with integral bottle fillers are the standard for new commercial construction because they provide both adult-height and accessible-height bubblers, satisfy the IPC and UPC requirement for at least two units where more than one drinking fountain is provided, and provide a no-touch bottle filler, which has become the dominant method of obtaining drinking water in public buildings. {note}

−

−## Chilling and Filtration {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Drinking Fountain Refrigeration

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Refrigerated (chilled, ~50°F)"

− - "Non-refrigerated (delivers ambient cold-water-system temperature)"

−default: "Refrigerated (chilled, ~50°F)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Drinking Fountain Filtration

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Filtered (NSF 42 / NSF 53 cartridge, lead-reduction certified)"

− - "Unfiltered (relies on building water quality)"

−default: "Filtered (NSF 42 / NSF 53 cartridge, lead-reduction certified)"

−```

−

−### Refrigerated (chilled) drinking fountains include an integral compressor and a small storage tank to deliver chilled water at a typical setpoint of 50°F. {note}

−

−### Filtered drinking fountains include a filter cartridge (typically NSF 42 / NSF 53 certified) that reduces chlorine taste and particulates, and in many cases also reduces lead, with a filter cartridge service life typically of 6 to 12 months depending on usage and water quality. {note}

−

−## Accessibility {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Drinking Fountain Spout Height (Accessible)

−type: range

−unit: in

−options:

− min: 30

− max: 36

− setpoints: [30, 32, 34, 36]

−default: 36

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Drinking Fountain Spout Height (Standing User)

−type: range

−unit: in

−options:

− min: 38

− max: 43

− setpoints: [38, 40, 42, 43]

−default: 38

−```

−

−### Drinking fountains shall comply with the 2010 ADA Standards (Section 602) and ICC A117.1.

−

−### Where more than one drinking fountain is provided in a space, at least one shall be at the wheelchair-accessible spout height (no more than 36 inches above the finished floor) and at least one shall be at the standing-user spout height (38 to 43 inches above the finished floor).

−

−### The accessible unit shall provide knee and toe clearance at the unit comparable to the lavatory clearance requirements.

−

−### The bottle filler shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting.

−

−### Sensor-operated bottle fillers satisfy the one-hand, no-tight-grasping operating requirement. {note}

−

−# Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment {toc}

−

−## General Requirements {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Emergency Equipment Type

−type: select

−options:

− - "Combination drench shower and eyewash (most common for chemical hazard areas)"

− - "Drench shower only (whole-body hazard areas)"

− - "Eyewash only (eye-hazard areas)"

− - "Eye/face wash"

− - "Personal portable eyewash (supplementary only, not primary)"

−default: "Combination drench shower and eyewash (most common for chemical hazard areas)"

−```

−

−### Emergency eyewash, eye/face wash, drench shower, and combination eyewash-and-shower equipment shall conform to ANSI Z358.1.

−

−### Plumbing fixtures installed under this scope shall meet ANSI Z358.1 requirements for flushing-fluid flow rate, pattern, valve type, activation, and tempered-water supply.

−

−### Equipment locations are [[drawing: as indicated on the architectural and plumbing floor plans, the safety equipment plan, and the hazard zone plan]].

−

−### Locations and types are determined by the hazard assessment for the facility, which is performed under the safety and occupational health scope rather than this plumbing standard. {note}

−

−## Flow Rate, Pattern, and Activation {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Eyewash Flow Rate (ANSI Z358.1)

−type: range

−unit: gpm

−options:

− min: 0.4

− max: 3.0

− setpoints: [0.4, 1.0, 3.0]

−default: 0.4

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Drench Shower Flow Rate (ANSI Z358.1)

−type: range

−unit: gpm

−options:

− min: 20

− max: 30

− setpoints: [20, 25, 30]

−default: 20

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Emergency Equipment Activation Valve

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Single-motion stay-open valve (push-paddle, pull-rod, or foot-treadle)"

− - "Hand-held continuous-hold valve (NOT permitted as primary; supplementary only)"

−default: "Single-motion stay-open valve (push-paddle, pull-rod, or foot-treadle)"

−```

−

−### Eyewash equipment shall deliver flushing fluid at not less than 0.4 gpm (1.5 L/min) for at least 15 minutes, with the spray pattern and head heights complying with ANSI Z358.1.

−

−### Drench showers shall deliver not less than 20 gpm (75.7 L/min) for at least 15 minutes, with a spray pattern of at least 20 inches in diameter at 60 inches above the floor.

−

−### Combination units shall deliver both flows simultaneously.

−

−### The activation valve shall be a single-motion stay-open valve that goes from closed to fully open in one second or less and remains open without continuous holding.

−

−### The activation valve shall require a deliberate action to close.

−

−### The single-motion stay-open valve is typically a push-paddle or pull-rod design. {note}

−

−## Tempered Flushing Fluid {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Emergency Equipment Tempered Water Source

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Dedicated emergency-service thermostatic mixing valve (ASSE 1071) at the equipment"

− - "Building tempered-water distribution loop (where dedicated emergency loop is provided)"

− - "Heat-traced cold water with point-of-use temperature management"

−default: "Dedicated emergency-service thermostatic mixing valve (ASSE 1071) at the equipment"

−```

−

−### Emergency flushing fluid shall be tempered to a temperature between 60°F and 100°F (16°C to 38°C) per ANSI Z358.1.

−

−### A dedicated emergency-service thermostatic mixing valve sized for the equipment flow rate shall supply the equipment from a tempered-water source.

−

−### The mixing valve shall be of the failsafe type that defaults to a safe (cold) output if the hot supply is interrupted.

−

−### Cold-water-only emergency equipment can drive the affected person off the unit due to cold-water hypothermia before the required 15-minute flush is complete, and hot-water-only equipment can cause thermal injury. {note}

−

−## Accessibility and Signage {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Emergency Equipment Signage

−type: radio

−options:

− - "ANSI Z358.1 compliant sign (green-and-white pictogram) at each unit"

− - "Highlighted ceiling sign visible from path of egress (in addition to wall sign)"

−default: "ANSI Z358.1 compliant sign (green-and-white pictogram) at each unit"

−```

−

−### Emergency equipment shall be located on the same level as the hazard, shall be reachable within 10 seconds of the hazard with no obstructions in the travel path, and shall be highly visible.

−

−### Each unit shall be identified with a sign meeting ANSI Z358.1 requirements (typically a green-and-white sign with the universal eyewash or drench shower pictogram).

−

−### The floor area below the equipment shall be unobstructed for at least 16 inches around the activated discharge pattern.

−

−# Fixture Carriers and Supports {toc}

−

−## ASME A112.6.1M Carriers {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Wall-Hung Water Closet Carrier

−type: radio

−options:

− - "ASME A112.6.1M floor-affixed carrier with cast-iron faceplate and integral fitting"

− - "ASME A112.6.2 framing-affixed carrier (for concealed-tank installations)"

−default: "ASME A112.6.1M floor-affixed carrier with cast-iron faceplate and integral fitting"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Carrier Fitting Material

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Cast iron with epoxy coating"

− - "Cast iron, uncoated (interior dry locations only)"

− - "Ductile iron with epoxy coating"

−default: "Cast iron with epoxy coating"

−```

−

−### All wall-hung fixtures — water closets, urinals, lavatories, and drinking fountains — shall be supported by a floor-affixed or wall-affixed carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M.

−

−### The carrier model shall be selected to match the fixture's outlet configuration, the wall thickness, and the rated fixture load.

−

−### The carrier shall be installed plumb, square, and at the elevation required to position the finished fixture rim at the specified rough-in dimensions, accounting for the finished wall and finished floor thicknesses.

−

−### Carriers shall be set before the wall is finished.

−

−### The carrier transfers the static and dynamic loads from the fixture to the building structure without imposing loads on the wall finish, the fixture rough-in waste piping, or the supply piping, and setting a carrier into a finished wall opening is difficult and increases the risk of carrier misalignment that becomes visible only after the fixture is hung. {note}

−

−## Load Rating {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Carrier Load Rating

−type: select

−unit: lb

−options:

− - "500 lb (ASME A112.6.1M minimum)"

− - "750 lb (heavy-duty commercial)"

− - "1000 lb (bariatric — non-acute healthcare)"

− - "1500 lb (bariatric — acute healthcare and detention)"

−default: "500 lb (ASME A112.6.1M minimum)"

−```

−

−### Carriers shall be rated for a static load equal to the sum of the fixture weight and the user weight at the fixture, plus a dynamic load factor.

−

−### Commercial water closet carriers shall be rated for a minimum 500-pound static load at the fixture extension per ASME A112.6.1M.

−

−### Bariatric-rated carriers (for healthcare facilities specifying bariatric patient capacity) shall be rated for the bariatric design load specified by the Owner, typically 1000 to 1500 pounds.

−

−## Lavatory and Drinking Fountain Carriers {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Lavatory Carrier Type

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Wall-affixed chair carrier with adjustable arm"

− - "Wall-affixed concealed-arm carrier"

− - "Counter-supported (drop-in / under-mount lavatories) — no carrier"

−default: "Wall-affixed concealed-arm carrier"

−```

−

−### Lavatory carriers shall be wall-affixed chair-type or concealed-arm-type per the fixture manufacturer's recommendation and the wall construction.

−

−### Drinking fountain carriers shall be selected for the unit weight (which is substantially greater for chilled units containing the compressor and water tank) and shall be installed plumb with the floor-fountain centerline coordinated with the architectural drawings.

−

−### Concealed-arm carriers provide a cleaner finished appearance for high-design hospitality and healthcare applications. {note}

−

−# Supply Stops and Connections {toc}

−

−## General Requirements {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Supply Stop Type

−type: select

−options:

− - "1/4-turn ball-type with lever handle (preferred)"

− - "1/4-turn ball-type with screwdriver-operated (for concealed installations)"

− - "Multi-turn straight or angle stop (lower-cost residential)"

− - "Loose-key stop (NOT permitted in publicly accessible locations)"

−default: "1/4-turn ball-type with lever handle (preferred)"

−```

−

−```datasheet

−label: Supply Riser Material

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Chrome-plated braided stainless steel flex (commercial standard)"

− - "Chrome-plated copper, formed to fit"

− - "PEX with crimped fittings (concealed installations only)"

−default: "Chrome-plated braided stainless steel flex (commercial standard)"

−```

−

−### Supply stops shall be furnished at each fixture and shall provide isolation of the individual fixture without affecting adjacent fixtures.

−

−### Stops shall be 1/4-turn ball-type with NSF 61/372-certified wetted parts, with a chrome-plated brass body and a 3/8-inch compression or sweat-to-tubing outlet matched to the supply riser.

−

−### Loose-key stops shall not be used in publicly-accessible locations; lever-handled stops or screwdriver-stop concealed-handle stops shall be used instead.

−

−### Loose-key stops require a special wrench to operate and delay shut-off in an emergency, which is why they are not permitted in publicly-accessible locations. {note}

−

−# Installation {toc}

−

−## Coordination with Architectural and Structural Work {toc}

−

−### Fixture rough-in dimensions and elevations shall be confirmed against the fixture schedule, the manufacturer's approved rough-in drawings, and the architectural drawings before any wall is closed or any floor is poured.

−

−### The Contractor shall not deviate from the approved rough-in dimensions.

−

−### Critical dimensions include the fixture centerline-to-wall, the carrier outlet centerline elevation, the finished floor elevation at the fixture, the finished wall surface location, and the supply stop rough-in heights, and a fixture installed at the wrong rough-in elevation cannot be corrected without demolition of the finished wall or floor. {note}

−

−## Carrier and Rough-In Sequencing {toc}

−

−### Carriers shall be installed before the rough plumbing inspection and shall be anchored to the structure as detailed in the manufacturer's installation instructions and the structural drawings.

−

−### After the carrier is set and the rough plumbing inspection is released, the rough-in waste piping connection to the carrier outlet and the rough-in supply piping connection to the carrier-mounted stop locations shall be completed.

−

−### The wall framing and finish shall be installed around the carrier with the required wall-thickness allowance built into the carrier setting.

−

−## Fixture Hanging and Trim {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Fixture-to-Wall and Fixture-to-Counter Caulking

−type: radio

−options:

− - "100% silicone, mildew-resistant, sanitary grade"

− - "Acrylic-latex caulk (NOT permitted — fails in wet locations)"

−default: "100% silicone, mildew-resistant, sanitary grade"

−```

−

−### Fixtures shall not be hung on carriers until the wall finish is complete, painted, and dry.

−

−### Fixtures shall be hung level and plumb, with the manufacturer's required gaskets, seals, and tightening sequence.

−

−### Tank-to-bowl bolts on tank-type water closets shall be tightened in an alternating pattern to the manufacturer's specified torque.

−

−### Fixture-to-wall caulking shall be sanitary-grade silicone, applied as a continuous bead at the top and sides of wall-hung fixtures and around the entire perimeter of counter-set lavatories.

−

−### Hanging a fixture on a freshly painted or unfinished wall risks scratching, scuffing, or marring the finish during fixture handling, and over-tightening tank-to-bowl bolts cracks the tank or the bowl. {note}

−

−## Flush Valve and Faucet Trim Installation {toc}

−

−### Flush valves and faucets shall be installed by personnel who have read the manufacturer's installation instructions for the specific product.

−

−### The Contractor shall flush each supply line to a bucket before connecting the trim.

−

−### The Contractor shall verify the cartridge or diaphragm rating against the fixture rating.

−

−### Common installation errors that cause early-life failures include over-torquing the supply nut (which deforms the gasket and causes a slow leak that drips for months before being noticed), failing to flush the supply line before connecting the trim (which forces construction debris through the cartridge and damages the seat), and installing the wrong cartridge for the rated flush volume or flow rate (which causes the fixture to be permanently out of spec). {note}

−

−## Sensor and Battery Installation {toc}

−

−### Sensor-operated flushometers and faucets shall be installed with the sensor lens unobstructed and aligned with the user's expected position.

−

−### Battery-powered units shall have new alkaline or lithium batteries installed at the time of fixture trim-out, and the battery installation date shall be recorded in the O&M documentation so that the Owner can plan replacement at the manufacturer's recommended interval.

−

−### Hardwired sensor units shall be powered from the building electrical system per the electrical drawings, with a junction box accessible without removing the fixture.

−

−# Testing {toc}

−

−## General {toc}

−

−### Each fixture shall be tested for proper operation, leak-free connections, and compliance with the rated flush volume or flow rate before the project is accepted.

−

−### Testing shall be performed after all supply piping pressure tests, all drainage piping water tests, and all required AHJ inspections are complete.

−

−### The Contractor shall maintain a fixture test log recording each fixture, the test date, the measured flush volume or flow rate at the rated supply pressure, the scald-protection valve setpoint where applicable, and the pass/fail determination.

−

−## Flush Volume Verification {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Flush Volume Verification

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Required for every flushometer-served fixture before acceptance"

− - "Required for a representative sample (per Owner / Engineer agreement)"

−default: "Required for every flushometer-served fixture before acceptance"

−```

−

−### Flush volume for water closets and urinals shall be verified by collecting a single flush in a calibrated graduated container and comparing the measured volume to the rated volume.

−

−### Each fixture shall be tested at the available supply pressure, and flush volume shall be within ±10% of the rated volume.

−

−### Fixtures that flush short (insufficient water to clear the bowl) or long (water hammer or runaway flush) shall be diagnosed and corrected before acceptance.

−

−## Flow Rate Verification {toc}

−

−### Flow rate for lavatory, sink, and shower faucets shall be verified by measuring the discharge into a graduated container over a timed interval.

−

−### Measured flow shall be within ±10% of the rated flow at the test supply pressure.

−

−### Where the measured flow exceeds the rated maximum, the aerator or showerhead flow regulator shall be checked for correct insert.

−

−### Aerators are commonly swapped between fixtures during shipping, and a high-flow aerator installed on a low-flow fixture defeats the entire water-conservation specification. {note}

−

−## Scald-Protection Setpoint Verification {toc}

−

−### Each thermostatic mixing valve (ASSE 1070 point-of-use, ASSE 1016 shower) shall have its maximum delivery temperature verified at the fixture by measuring the temperature with a calibrated digital thermometer while the valve is set to maximum hot.

−

−### The measured temperature shall not exceed the field-set maximum delivery temperature stated in this standard.

−

−### Showers shall be tested with the supply pressure varied to simulate a fixture being flushed elsewhere in the building, and the delivery temperature shall remain within ±3.6°F of the user setpoint.

−

−### Varying the supply pressure during the shower test simulates a fixture being flushed elsewhere in the building, which is the classic scald-failure scenario. {note}

−

−## Emergency Eyewash and Shower Testing {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Emergency Equipment Initial Activation Test

−type: radio

−options:

− - "Per ANSI Z358.1 — required for every installed unit before acceptance"

−default: "Per ANSI Z358.1 — required for every installed unit before acceptance"

−```

−

−### Emergency eyewash and shower equipment shall be activated and tested at the time of installation per ANSI Z358.1.

−

−### The flow rate, spray pattern, height, and tempered-water temperature shall be verified and recorded.

−

−### The Contractor shall provide an initial activation test and shall provide instructions to the Owner for the ongoing monthly testing program.

−

−### ANSI Z358.1 also requires monthly user-level testing of all installed emergency equipment throughout the life of the system. {note}

−

−## ADA Verification {toc}

−

−### Accessibility-related installation parameters — fixture rim heights, supply rough-in heights, flush handle position, knee and toe clearance, lavatory trap insulation, faucet operating force, and reach ranges — shall be verified for every accessible fixture before acceptance.

−

−### A measurable, documented verification record shall be provided for each accessible fixture as part of the closeout documentation.

−

−# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}

−

−## Delivery and Storage {toc}

−

−### Fixtures shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original protective packaging with all rough-in templates and installation instructions.

−

−### Vitreous china, enameled cast iron, and solid surface fixtures shall be stored upright on padded surfaces, kept dry, and protected from construction traffic.

−

−### Fixtures shall not be stored in unconditioned spaces where freezing of trapped water in tanks or traps may occur.

−

−### Trim, faucets, and flush valves shall be stored in their original packaging with end caps in place to prevent debris from entering the waterway.

−

−### Vitreous china, enameled cast iron, and solid surface fixtures are brittle to localized impact, which is why they require upright storage on padded surfaces. {note}

−

−## Damaged Fixtures {toc}

−

−### Damaged fixtures — including chipped enamel, cracked porcelain, gouged solid surface, dented stainless, and visible carrier or trim damage — shall be removed from the project and replaced.

−

−### Field-repaired chips, cracks, and gouges shall not be accepted.

−

−### The Owner is paying for a new fixture and shall receive a fixture without visible defects. {note}

−

−# Warranty {toc}

−

−## Installation Warranty {toc}

−

−```datasheet

−label: Installation Warranty Period

−type: select

−options:

− - "1 year from substantial completion"

− - "2 years from substantial completion"

−default: "1 year from substantial completion"

−```

−

−### The Contractor shall warrant all fixture installation work — supports, rough-in connections, trim installation, supply stop installation, and final connections — against defects in workmanship and against leakage for the project warranty period following substantial completion.

−

−### The installation warranty shall cover labor and incidental materials required to remedy any installation defect, including the replacement of finishes damaged by water leakage from a defective installation.

−

−## Manufacturer Warranty {toc}

−

−### Manufacturer warranties for fixtures, trim, carriers, and electronic sensor components shall be passed through to the Owner as part of the closeout documentation.

−

−### The Contractor shall obtain and transfer all warranty documentation in the form and to the entity specified by the contract documents.

−

−### Typical manufacturer warranty periods are five years on vitreous china and stainless steel fixtures, lifetime on faucet bodies (limited to the original residential or commercial purchaser), five years on flushometer bodies, one to three years on sensor electronics and solenoid components, and one year on cartridges and consumables. {note}

−

−# Spare Parts {toc}

−

−## The Contractor shall deliver the following spare parts to the Owner at substantial completion, packaged and labeled by fixture type and model:

−

−- Two spare flush valve diaphragms or pistons of each rated flush volume, for each flush valve model installed

−- Two spare faucet cartridges for each faucet model installed

−- One spare sensor module for each manufacturer of sensor-operated fixtures installed

−- A two-year supply of replacement batteries for battery-powered sensor units, based on the manufacturer's published battery life

−- One spare flush handle, escutcheon, and supply stop for each model installed (cosmetic damage replacement)

−- Two spare aerator inserts of each flow rate for each lavatory and sink faucet model

−- Replacement filter cartridges for each filtered drinking fountain, sufficient for the first cartridge change interval recommended by the manufacturer

−

−```datasheet

−label: Spare Parts Inventory

−type: checkbox

−options:

− - "Flush valve diaphragms / pistons (2 each model)"

− - "Faucet cartridges (2 each model)"

− - "Sensor modules (1 each manufacturer)"

− - "Sensor batteries (two-year supply)"

− - "Flush handles, escutcheons, supply stops (1 each model)"

− - "Aerator inserts (2 each flow rate)"

− - "Drinking fountain filter cartridges (first-change supply)"

−default: "Flush valve diaphragms / pistons (2 each model)"

−```

−

−## Spare parts allow the Owner's facilities team to perform routine cartridge, diaphragm, sensor, and battery replacement during the first year of occupancy without procurement delay. {note}

+---

+title: Plumbing Fixtures

+category: Plumbing

+description: >

+ When to use: Plumbing fixtures and their trim, carriers, supply stops, and exposed waste connections in commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings. Covers water closets, urinals, lavatories, service sinks and mop basins, hand-wash sinks, break room and office kitchen sinks, showers, drinking fountains and bottle fillers, and plumbed emergency eyewash and drench shower equipment. Establishes the fixture material and construction, the flush and flow technology, the consumption rates measured against the federal EPAct maximums and the EPA WaterSense specifications, the mounting and carrier requirements, the accessibility criteria, the scald-protection arrangement at the fixture, and the acceptance testing that proves each fixture performs at its rated volume or flow.

+ Not intended for: Residential fixtures in single-family and townhouse construction; commercial foodservice sinks, warewashing equipment, and pre-rinse assemblies (see [[sync/foodservice-equipment]]); laboratory fixtures and chemical-resistant laboratory waste; bathtubs, hydromassage tubs, and bariatric bathing equipment; fixture waste piping, traps within the drainage system, trap arms, and vents (see [[sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping]]); supply piping upstream of the fixture supply stop (see [[sync/domestic-water-piping]]); water heaters, master mixing valves, and hot water recirculation (see [[sync/water-heaters]]); floor drains, trap primers, hose bibbs, water hammer arrestors, and free-standing thermostatic mixing valves (see [[sync/plumbing-specialties]]); building and zone backflow prevention assemblies (see [[sync/backflow-prevention]]); grab bars, mirrors, and washroom dispensers (see [[sync/toilet-accessories]]); toilet compartments and urinal screens (see [[sync/toilet-compartments]]).

+---

+# Scope {toc}

+## This standard covers the selection, materials, construction, trim, supports, installation, and acceptance testing of plumbing fixtures in commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings. {note}

+## The scope begins at the fixture supply stop on the water side and ends at the fixture outlet or integral trap on the waste side. It includes the fixture body, its carrier or support, the supply stop and riser, the exposed tailpiece and trap, the flush valve or faucet and its actuation, the seat, strainer, or bubbler, and any temperature-limiting or backflow device furnished as part of the fixture assembly. {note}

+## Fixtures are where the plumbing system meets the occupant, and the selections made here set the water and energy consumption of the building for the service life of the installation. A water closet specified at 1.6 gpf rather than 1.28 gpf draws an additional third of a gallon on every flush for twenty years, and a lavatory faucet at 2.2 gpm rather than 0.5 gpm wastes both the water and the energy embedded in the hot water it draws. {note}

+## The following items sit next to the fixtures but are governed by other standards: {note}

+- Waste piping, traps forming part of the drainage system, trap arms, vents, and floor drains

+- Domestic water branch piping, pressure-reducing stations, and disinfection of the distribution system

+- Water heaters, storage tanks, master mixing valves, and the hot water recirculation loop

+- Free-standing thermostatic mixing valves, trap primers, hose bibbs, and water hammer arrestors

+- Grab bars, mirrors, dispensers, toilet compartments, and urinal screens

+- Commercial foodservice sinks, warewashing equipment, and grease-bearing waste fixtures

+## The Contractor shall coordinate fixture waste outlet connections, trap arms, and vent connections with [[sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping]].

+## The Contractor shall coordinate fixture branch supply sizing, available pressure, and pressure-reducing stations upstream of the fixture supply stop with [[sync/domestic-water-piping]].

+## The Contractor shall coordinate the delivered hot water temperature and the master mixing arrangement serving these fixtures with [[sync/water-heaters]].

+## The Contractor shall coordinate free-standing thermostatic mixing valves, trap primers, and water hammer arrestors serving these fixtures with [[sync/plumbing-specialties]].

+## The Contractor shall coordinate grab bar blocking, mirrors, and dispensers adjacent to the fixtures with [[sync/toilet-accessories]], and compartment and screen layout with [[sync/toilet-compartments]].

+## The Contractor shall coordinate flushing and disinfection of the potable system through the installed fixtures with [[sync/disinfection-of-water-systems]].

+# Referenced Standards {toc}

+## Fixtures, fittings, trim, supports, and installation shall comply with the latest adopted edition of each of the following unless a specific edition is cited.

+## Where referenced standards conflict, the more stringent requirement shall govern unless the Engineer of Record directs otherwise in writing.

+## Where the plumbing code adopted by the jurisdiction addresses a matter directly, that code shall govern over any other reference cited in this standard.

+| Standard | Title |

+|----------|-------|

+| IPC | International Plumbing Code (Chapter 4, Fixtures, Faucets, and Fixture Fittings) |

+| UPC | Uniform Plumbing Code (Chapter 4, Plumbing Fixtures and Fixture Fittings) |

+| ASME A112.19.1 / CSA B45.2 | Enameled Cast Iron and Enameled Steel Plumbing Fixtures |

+| ASME A112.19.2 / CSA B45.1 | Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures |

+| ASME A112.19.3 / CSA B45.4 | Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures |

+| ASME A112.19.5 / CSA B45.15 | Flush Valves and Spuds for Water Closets, Urinals, and Tanks |

+| ASME A112.19.14 | Six-Liter Water Closets Equipped with a Dual Flushing Device |

+| ASME A112.18.1 / CSA B125.1 | Plumbing Supply Fittings |

+| ASME A112.18.2 / CSA B125.2 | Plumbing Waste Fittings |

+| ASME A112.18.6 / CSA B125.6 | Flexible Water Connectors |

+| ASME A112.4.14 | Manually Operated Quarter-Turn Shutoff Valves for Use in Plumbing Systems |

+| ASME A112.6.1M | Floor-Affixed Supports for Off-the-Floor Plumbing Fixtures for Public Use |

+| ASME A112.6.2 | Framing-Affixed Supports for Off-the-Floor Water Closets with Concealed Tanks |

+| IAPMO/ANSI Z124.1.2 | Plastic Bathtub and Shower Units |

+| IAPMO/ANSI Z124.3 | Plastic Lavatories |

+| ASSE 1001 | Atmospheric Type Vacuum Breakers |

+| ASSE 1002 | Anti-Siphon Fill Valves for Water Closet Tanks |

+| ASSE 1011 | Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers |

+| ASSE 1016 / ASME A112.1016 / CSA B125.16 | Automatic Compensating Valves for Individual Showers and Tub/Shower Combinations |

+| ASSE 1037 / ASME A112.1037 / CSA B125.37 | Pressurized Flushing Devices for Plumbing Fixtures |

+| ASSE 1070 / ASME A112.1070 / CSA B125.70 | Water Temperature Limiting Devices |

+| ASSE 1071 | Temperature Actuated Mixing Valves for Plumbed Emergency Equipment |

+| ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 | Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment |

+| AHRI 1010 | Self-Contained, Mechanically Refrigerated Drinking-Water Coolers |

+| UL 399 | Drinking-Water Coolers |

+| NSF/ANSI 42 | Drinking Water Treatment Units, Aesthetic Effects |

+| NSF/ANSI 53 | Drinking Water Treatment Units, Health Effects |

+| NSF/ANSI 61 | Drinking Water System Components, Health Effects |

+| NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 | Drinking Water System Components, Lead Content |

+| ASTM A240 | Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip |

+| EPA WaterSense | WaterSense Specifications for Tank-Type Toilets, Flushometer-Valve Water Closets, Urinals, Bathroom Sink Faucets, and Showerheads |

+| Energy Policy Act of 1992 | Federal Maximum Water Use Levels for Plumbing Products |

+| Safe Drinking Water Act Section 1417 | Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act |

+| 2010 ADA Standards | 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design |

+| ICC A117.1 | Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities |

+# Submittals {toc}

+## Action Submittals {toc}

+### The Contractor shall submit the following for the Engineer of Record's review before any fixture or item of trim is procured:

+- Product data for each fixture type, identifying the material, the governing ASME or IAPMO fixture standard, the rough-in dimensions, the rated flush volume or flow rate, the outlet configuration, and the finish

+- Product data for fixture trim, including flush valves, faucets, supply stops, risers, tailpieces, exposed traps, strainers, and seats, with the governing ASME or ASSE standard and the NSF/ANSI 61 and NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 certification for every wetted component

+- Product data for fixture carriers and supports, identifying the fixture model the carrier is listed to support, the rated load, and the floor or framing connection

+- Accessibility compliance data for each fixture serving an accessible location, covering rim and spout heights, knee and toe clearance, control location, reach range, and operating force

+- Product data for scald-protection devices at the fixture, including the certification standard and the adjustable delivery temperature range

+- Product data for plumbed emergency eyewash and drench shower equipment, including flushing-fluid flow rate, spray pattern and head height, valve type, and tempered-water arrangement

+- Product data for drinking fountains and bottle fillers, including bubbler flow, refrigeration capacity, filter certification and rated cartridge life, and electrical characteristics

+- WaterSense certification documentation for each fixture type for which the datasheet requires certification

+- Wiring and power requirements for every sensor-operated or refrigerated fixture, for coordination with the electrical work

+```datasheet

+label: Action Submittals Required

+type: checkbox

+options:

+ - "Fixture product data with governing fixture standard and rough-in dimensions"

+ - "Fixture trim product data with NSF/ANSI 61 and 372 certification"

+ - "Carrier and support product data with rated load"

+ - "Accessibility compliance data for accessible fixtures"

+ - "Scald-protection device product data"

+ - "Emergency eyewash and drench shower product data"

+ - "Drinking fountain and bottle filler product data"

+ - "WaterSense certification documentation"

+ - "Power and wiring requirements for sensor-operated and refrigerated fixtures"

+default:

+ - "Fixture product data with governing fixture standard and rough-in dimensions"

+ - "Fixture trim product data with NSF/ANSI 61 and 372 certification"

+ - "Carrier and support product data with rated load"

+ - "Accessibility compliance data for accessible fixtures"

+ - "Scald-protection device product data"

+```

+### Fixtures and trim shall not be procured or installed until the corresponding action submittals have been reviewed and returned.

+### Where the Contractor proposes a fixture or item of trim differing from the submitted and reviewed product, the Contractor shall resubmit and shall bear the cost of any rough-in change the substitution causes.

+## Closeout Submittals {toc}

+### The Contractor shall submit the following before the fixtures are accepted:

+- Operation and maintenance manuals covering cartridge and diaphragm replacement, aerator and strainer cleaning, sensor adjustment, filter cartridge replacement, and battery replacement intervals

+- The fixture test log required by the Testing section, recording the measured flush volume or flow rate and the pass or fail determination for every fixture tested

+- The scald-protection setpoint record for every temperature-limiting device, recording the measured delivery temperature at the fixture

+- The accessibility verification record required by the Testing section

+- The initial activation test record for every plumbed emergency eyewash and drench shower unit

+- Manufacturer warranty documentation for each fixture, item of trim, carrier, and electronic component, transferred to the Owner

+- The spare parts inventory required by the Spare Parts section, with the delivery receipt signed by the Owner

+```datasheet

+label: Closeout Submittals Required

+type: checkbox

+options:

+ - "Operation and maintenance manuals"

+ - "Fixture flush and flow test log"

+ - "Scald-protection setpoint record"

+ - "Accessibility verification record"

+ - "Emergency equipment initial activation test record"

+ - "Manufacturer warranty documentation"

+ - "Spare parts inventory delivery receipt"

+default:

+ - "Operation and maintenance manuals"

+ - "Fixture flush and flow test log"

+ - "Scald-protection setpoint record"

+ - "Accessibility verification record"

+ - "Emergency equipment initial activation test record"

+ - "Manufacturer warranty documentation"

+ - "Spare parts inventory delivery receipt"

+```

+# Quality Assurance {toc}

+## Installer Qualifications {toc}

+### Fixture installation shall be performed by plumbers licensed in the jurisdiction where the work is performed, under the supervision of a licensed plumbing contractor.

+### Plumbed emergency eyewash and drench shower equipment, sensor-operated flush valves and faucets, and refrigerated drinking fountains shall be installed by personnel who have completed the fixture or control manufacturer's training on the product line being installed.

+### The Contractor shall keep records of that training on site and shall produce them for the Engineer of Record or the Authority Having Jurisdiction on request.

+### These three product groups account for most fixture callbacks in the first year of occupancy, because each combines a plumbing connection with an electrical or refrigeration connection and a field adjustment that a general plumbing crew has no reason to have seen before. {note}

+## Lead-Free Certification of Wetted Components {toc}

+### Every component in contact with potable water, including supply stops, risers, flush valves, faucet bodies and cartridges, bubblers, and tailpieces upstream of the trap weir, shall be certified to NSF/ANSI/CAN 372.

+### Wetted components shall additionally be certified to NSF/ANSI 61 for health effects.

+### The Contractor shall keep current certification documentation on site for the duration of the fixture work.

+### The 0.25 percent weighted-average lead limit on wetted surfaces is federal law under Section 1417 of the Safe Drinking Water Act, so it is not a project-level option and no substitution or value-engineering proposal can waive it. {note}

+## Fixture and Trim Marking {toc}

+### Each fixture shall bear the manufacturer's identification, the model designation, and the marking required by the governing fixture standard, cast or permanently applied.

+### Each flush valve, faucet, and temperature-limiting device shall bear the manufacturer's identification and the rated flush volume or flow rate.

+### A fixture or item of trim that does not carry the required marking shall not be incorporated into the work, and its removal and replacement shall be at the Contractor's cost.

+### The marking is what an inspector, a facilities technician, and a future renovation designer read off the fixture ten years from now, when the submittal package has been lost and the only record of the rated flush volume is the one stamped on the valve. {note}

+## Rough-In and Accessibility Inspection {toc}

+### The Contractor shall notify the Engineer of Record and the Authority Having Jurisdiction when the fixture rough-in is complete and before any wall or floor finish is applied over it.

+### No carrier, rough-in supply, or rough-in waste connection shall be concealed until it has been inspected and released.

+### Fixtures serving accessible locations shall have their carrier elevation, supply rough-in height, and centerline dimension verified before the wall finish is applied where that finish would conceal them.

+### Where a concealed accessibility dimension is found non-compliant after the wall finish is complete, the cost of demolition, correction, and refinishing shall be borne by the Contractor unless the non-compliance traces to a dimension shown incorrectly in the Contract Documents.

+### The rough-in inspection is the last moment at which an accessibility dimension can be corrected for the price of moving a pipe rather than the price of rebuilding a wall, which is why the concealment hold is stated as a stop rather than as a preference. {note}

+# Project-Wide Fixture Policy {toc}

+## Fixture Schedule Precedence {toc}

+### The datasheet selections in this standard establish the project-standard product for each fixture family.

+### Where the fixture schedule designates a different attribute for an individual fixture, the fixture schedule shall govern for that fixture alone and the datasheet selection shall continue to govern every other fixture of that family.

+### Fixture types, quantities, locations, and rough-in dimensions are [[drawing: fixture schedule and plumbing plans]].

+### A real project mixes fixtures within a family, because an accessible stall, a staff toilet room, and a lobby restroom can each justify a different bowl or faucet. Naming a project standard in the datasheet and letting the schedule vary individual fixtures keeps one authority for the common case and one place to look for the exceptions. {note}

+## Water Efficiency Basis {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: WaterSense Certification Policy

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Required for every fixture type that has a published WaterSense specification"

+ - "Required for the fixture types identified in this datasheet"

+ - "Not required"

+```

+### Every potable-water-supplied fixture installed under this scope shall comply with the maximum water use levels established by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and subsequent federal rulemakings.

+### Where the adopted plumbing code or a state water-efficiency standard establishes a maximum lower than the federal maximum, the lower value shall govern.

+### WaterSense certification shall be as indicated in the datasheet, and certified fixtures shall bear the WaterSense label at delivery.

+### The Contractor shall not substitute a fixture that lacks WaterSense certification for one that carries it, even where the substitute meets the same rated flush volume or flow rate, without the written approval of the Engineer of Record.

+### The federal maximums and the WaterSense values are different instruments. The federal maximum is a ceiling every product sold in the United States must meet. WaterSense is a voluntary certification that pairs a lower consumption limit with a minimum performance test, so it certifies that the fixture still clears the bowl or still rinses the hands at the reduced volume, which a bare consumption limit does not. {note}

+### Where a local water utility offers a rebate or an incentive tied to certified fixtures, the certification is often worth more than its cost premium, and the incentive program usually names WaterSense certification rather than a consumption number. {note}

+## Accessibility Criteria {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Accessibility Criteria Basis

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design and ICC A117.1"

+ - "2010 ADA Standards, ICC A117.1, and the adopted state or local accessibility code"

+ - "Architectural Barriers Act Standards and ICC A117.1"

+default: "2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design and ICC A117.1"

+```

+### Accessible fixtures shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the datasheet.

+### Where the selected criteria and a locally adopted accessibility requirement differ, the more restrictive requirement shall govern.

+### Dimensions cited elsewhere in this standard are those of the 2010 ADA Standards, given so that the requirement can be checked in the field without a second document. {note}

+## Exposed Trim Finish {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Exposed Fixture Trim Finish

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Polished chrome"

+ - "Brushed chrome"

+ - "Brushed nickel"

+ - "Polished nickel"

+ - "Brushed stainless"

+ - "Polished brass"

+ - "Brushed bronze"

+ - "Matte black"

+default: "Polished chrome"

+```

+### Exposed trim on all fixture families, including flush valve bodies, faucet bodies and spouts, escutcheons, supply stops, risers, and exposed tailpieces and traps, shall be furnished in the finish selected in the datasheet.

+### Where a finish other than a plated chrome finish is selected, the finish shall be a physical vapor deposition or equivalent hard coating rated by its manufacturer for commercial washroom service.

+### A single finish selection across the trim keeps the escutcheons, stops, and spouts in one washroom matching, which is the failure most visible to an occupant and the one most often created by ordering trim from three different suppliers. {note}

+## Vandal Resistance of Public-Use Trim {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Vandal Resistance of Public-Use Trim

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Vandal-resistant aerators, handles, and fasteners at public-use fixtures"

+ - "Standard commercial aerators, handles, and fasteners"

+default: "Vandal-resistant aerators, handles, and fasteners at public-use fixtures"

+```

+### Where vandal-resistant trim is selected, aerators shall be recessed or key-removable, exposed fasteners shall require a security bit, and handles shall be of a design that cannot be removed with common hand tools.

+### The Contractor shall deliver two removal keys or security bits of each type to the Owner with the spare parts.

+### A standard aerator unscrews by hand, which makes it the single most frequently stolen item in a public restroom and, once gone, leaves an unrestricted stream that defeats the flow rate the project paid for. {note}

+## Sensor-Operated Fixture Power {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Sensor-Operated Fixture Power Source

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Hardwired low-voltage supply from a transformer serving the fixture group"

+ - "Battery-powered at each fixture"

+ - "Self-generating turbine within the valve body"

+ - "Battery-powered with hardwired override capability"

+```

+### Sensor-operated fixtures shall be powered by the source selected in the datasheet.

+### Where a hardwired source is selected, the Contractor shall coordinate the transformer location, circuit, and junction box with the electrical work, and the junction box shall remain accessible without removing the fixture.

+### Where a battery source is selected, the Contractor shall install new batteries at trim-out and shall record the installation date in the operation and maintenance manuals.

+### Battery power removes the electrical coordination and the cost of a transformer and circuit, at the price of a recurring maintenance task that scales with the number of fixtures. Hardwired power removes the recurring task but requires an accessible junction box and a circuit that survives future renovation. Self-generating valves harvest energy from the flush itself and need neither, but are offered on a narrower range of products. {note}

+## Stainless Steel Fixture Grade {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Stainless Steel Fixture Grade

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Type 304"

+ - "Type 316"

+default: "Type 304"

+```

+### Stainless steel fixtures and stainless steel fixture components shall be of the grade selected in the datasheet, conforming to ASTM A240 and to ASME A112.19.3.

+### Exposed stainless steel surfaces shall have a uniform directional finish free of scratches, weld discoloration, and forming marks.

+### Type 316 carries molybdenum, which resists chloride pitting, so it holds up where a fixture sees coastal air, pool chemistry, de-icing salt tracked in from the entry, or repeated cleaning with chlorine-based products. Type 304 has no molybdenum and pits under those conditions, while costing meaningfully less everywhere else. {note}

+# Service Conditions at the Fixture {toc}

+## Supply Pressure at the Fixture {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Available Flowing Pressure at the Fixture Supply Stop

+type: range

+unit: psi

+drawing_ref: "domestic water riser diagram"

+options:

+ min: 20

+ max: 80

+ setpoints: [20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80]

+default: deferred

+```

+### Flush valves and faucets shall be selected for the flowing pressure available at the fixture supply stop.

+### Where the static pressure at any fixture supply exceeds 80 psi, a pressure-reducing station shall be provided upstream under [[sync/domestic-water-piping]].

+### A flushometer valve needs a minimum flowing pressure at its inlet, commonly in the range of 20 psi to 25 psi depending on the model and the rated volume, to complete its cycle and deliver the rated flush. Below that, the valve closes early and the bowl does not clear, which reads in the field as a defective fixture when the cause is the branch sizing. A gravity tank draws its flush from stored water and is indifferent to flowing pressure, so it tolerates supply conditions a flushometer cannot. {note}

+### Sustained pressure above 80 psi accelerates wear on flush valve diaphragms, faucet cartridges, and supply stop seals, and both model plumbing codes require a pressure-reducing valve above that threshold. {note}

+## Water Temperature Delivered to the Fixture {toc}

+### Where the domestic hot water system is stored or distributed above the maximum delivery temperature required at a fixture, a temperature-limiting device shall be provided at the fixture or at the fixture group it serves.

+### The Contractor shall coordinate the storage and distribution temperature with [[sync/water-heaters]] before selecting the fixture-level device.

+### Free-standing thermostatic mixing valves serving a fixture group are specified under [[sync/plumbing-specialties]]; this standard governs only the maximum temperature delivered at the fixture and any temperature-limiting device integral to the fixture trim. {note}

+### Hot water systems are commonly stored at 140°F or above to suppress Legionella growth in the tank, which is well above any safe delivery temperature at a hand-washing or bathing fixture. That gap is deliberate, and closing it is the job of the device at the fixture rather than the setpoint at the heater. {note}

+# Water Closets {toc}

+## Water Closet Mounting {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Mounting

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Floor-mounted with floor outlet"

+ - "Floor-mounted with wall outlet"

+ - "Wall-hung on a concealed carrier"

+```

+### Water closets shall be mounted as selected in the datasheet.

+### Wall-hung water closets shall be supported by a carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2, selected under the Fixture Carriers and Supports section.

+### Floor-mounted water closets shall be set on a closet flange secured to the structural floor and sealed to the fixture with a wax or elastomeric gasket.

+### A wall-hung bowl leaves the floor beneath it clear, so a custodian can mop under and around the fixture in one pass. That is worth the most where the floor is cleaned daily and the restroom carries heavy public traffic, and it costs a carrier, a deeper wall cavity, and a carrier centerline that must be coordinated with the finished wall before the wall closes. {note}

+### A floor-mounted bowl with a floor outlet is the least expensive configuration to buy and to rough in, and it needs no carrier and no chase depth, which makes it the practical choice where wall depth is constrained or where the fixture count is small enough that floor cleaning around the base is not a daily burden. {note}

+## Water Closet Bowl Material and Design {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Bowl Material

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Vitreous china"

+ - "Stainless steel"

+default: "Vitreous china"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Bowl Design

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Siphon jet"

+ - "Siphon vortex"

+ - "Blowout"

+ - "Washdown"

+```

+### Vitreous china water closets shall conform to ASME A112.19.2.

+### Stainless steel water closets shall conform to ASME A112.19.3 and shall be of the grade selected under the Stainless Steel Fixture Grade field.

+### The bowl design shall be as selected in the datasheet, and the bowl shall be listed by its manufacturer for the flush volume selected under the Water Closet Flush Volume field.

+### Where WaterSense certification is required for water closets, the bowl shall meet the minimum solid-waste-extraction performance of the applicable WaterSense specification at its rated volume.

+### Vitreous china is glazed, non-porous, chemically inert, and dimensionally stable, which is why it dominates commercial water closets; it is also brittle, so a dropped tool cracks it and the crack cannot be repaired. Stainless steel absorbs impact without cracking and offers no ligature points or concealable cavities, which is why detention, secure psychiatric, and heavy-vandalism installations use it. {note}

+### The bowl designs differ in how they move waste. A siphon jet directs part of the flush into the trapway through a jet to start the siphon early, which produces a large water surface and a quiet, thorough flush. A blowout bowl pushes waste through with velocity rather than siphonic action, so it clears heavy loads and recovers fast but is loud and needs a higher flowing pressure. A washdown bowl relies on the rim flow alone, which is the simplest and least expensive design and the one with the smallest water surface and the highest bowl-fouling rate. {note}

+## Water Closet Flush Technology {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Flush Technology

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Flushometer valve"

+ - "Close-coupled gravity tank"

+ - "Pressure-assisted tank"

+ - "Concealed in-wall tank"

+default: "Flushometer valve"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Flush Actuation

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Manual lever or push button"

+ - "Sensor-operated"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Flush Mode

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Single-flush"

+ - "Dual-flush"

+default: "Single-flush"

+```

+### The flush technology, actuation, and flush mode shall be as selected in the datasheet.

+### Dual-flush water closets shall conform to ASME A112.19.14, and the reduced and full flush volumes shall both be marked on the fixture or the actuator.

+### Sensor-operated flush devices shall be powered from the source selected under the Sensor-Operated Fixture Power Source field.

+### Sensor-operated flush devices shall provide a means of manual actuation for maintenance flushing without removing the cover.

+### A flushometer valve takes its flush directly from the branch, so it recharges instantly and can serve a queue of users back to back, and it has no tank to crack, no fill valve to fail, and no lid to steal. It requires a branch sized for its instantaneous demand and a flowing pressure the branch can hold. A gravity tank stores its flush, so it works on a small branch at low pressure and runs quietly, at the cost of a recovery interval between flushes and a tank, fill valve, and flapper to maintain. {note}

+### Sensor operation removes the hand contact with the fixture, which matters where infection control governs, and removes the user's ability to flush repeatedly or leave the valve running. It adds a sensor, a solenoid, and a power source, each with a service life shorter than the valve body, and it introduces phantom flushes where the sensor sees passing traffic. {note}

+### A dual-flush actuator gives the user the choice between a reduced and a full flush, which lowers average consumption where users make the distinction. Its saving depends entirely on user behavior, so its value is highest in occupancies with a stable, repeat population and lowest in transient public restrooms. {note}

+## Water Closet Flush Volume {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Flush Volume

+type: range

+unit: gpf

+options:

+ min: 0.8

+ max: 1.6

+ setpoints: [0.8, 1.0, 1.1, 1.28, 1.6]

+default: 1.28

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Dual-Flush Reduced Flush Volume

+type: range

+unit: gpf

+options:

+ min: 0.6

+ max: 1.1

+ setpoints: [0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1]

+```

+### The full flush volume of every water closet shall not exceed 1.6 gpf, which is the federal maximum.

+### Water closets carrying WaterSense certification shall not exceed 1.28 gpf.

+### The bowl, the flush valve or tank trim, and the actuator shall all be rated for the flush volume selected in the datasheet.

+### Where dual-flush is selected, the reduced volume shall be as indicated in the datasheet and the effective flush volume shall be computed by the method of the applicable WaterSense specification.

+### The bowl and the flush device are a matched pair. A 1.28 gpf bowl fitted with a 1.6 gpf diaphragm wastes the difference on every flush and passes an unwary flush-volume test only if the tester reads the valve rather than measuring the water; a 1.6 gpf bowl fitted with a 1.28 gpf diaphragm is starved and fails to clear. Verifying the cartridge rating against the bowl rating at trim-out is the cheapest quality control on the entire fixture package. {note}

+## Flushometer Valves for Water Closets {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Flushometer Operating Element

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Diaphragm"

+ - "Piston"

+default: "Diaphragm"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Flushometer Exposure

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Exposed valve with escutcheon"

+ - "Concealed valve behind an access panel"

+default: "Exposed valve with escutcheon"

+```

+### Flushometer valves shall conform to ASSE 1037.

+### Flushometer valve bodies shall be cast brass, finished as selected under the Exposed Fixture Trim Finish field where exposed.

+### Water closet flushometer valves shall have a 1 in. inlet connection, and the spud size shall match the fixture the valve serves.

+### Each flushometer valve shall include an integral control stop that isolates the valve for service without shutting down the branch.

+### Each flushometer valve shall include a vacuum breaker conforming to ASSE 1001, located above the flood rim of the fixture it serves.

+### Where the valve is concealed, the access panel shall be sized to permit removal of the operating element and the control stop without disturbing the wall finish.

+### The diaphragm and the piston are two ways to hold the flush open for a metered interval. A diaphragm uses a flexible membrane and a bypass orifice, is tolerant of the range of pressures found in ordinary buildings, and is the element most service technicians carry. A piston uses a sliding seal and clears debris more readily, which favors it where the water carries grit or where the valve cycles continuously in a high-traffic facility. {note}

+### The control stop is not a substitute for the fixture supply stop, and shutting it does not isolate the flush valve outlet from the fixture; it is the service isolation for the valve body itself, which is why it is required on every valve rather than on every group. {note}

+## Tank-Type Water Closet Trim {toc}

+### Tanks shall be of the same material and by the same manufacturer as the bowl they serve, and the lid shall seat without rocking.

+### Fill valves shall conform to ASSE 1002, and shall be installed with the critical level of the anti-siphon device above the tank overflow tube.

+### Tank-to-bowl fasteners shall be brass or stainless steel.

+### The flush valve seal within the tank shall be replaceable without removing the tank from the bowl.

+### An ASSE 1002 fill valve protects the potable supply from tank water during a negative-pressure event in the branch, which is why its critical level relative to the overflow tube is a code requirement and not an installation preference. Plated steel tank bolts corrode in standing tank water within a few years, seize, and stain the china, so the fastener material is the difference between a ten-minute tank pull and a broken fixture. {note}

+## Water Closet Seats {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Seat Configuration

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Open front without cover"

+ - "Open front with cover"

+ - "Closed front with cover"

+default: "Open front without cover"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Seat Material

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Solid plastic"

+ - "Molded polypropylene"

+ - "Molded phenolic"

+ - "Stainless steel"

+default: "Solid plastic"

+```

+### Seats shall be furnished for every water closet and shall match the bowl shape and mounting hole pattern.

+### Seats in public and employee toilet rooms shall be of the open-front configuration except where the adopted plumbing code permits a closed-front seat with an automatic seat cover dispenser.

+### Seat hinges shall be self-sustaining, corrosion-resistant, and secured with concealed check hinges where vandal-resistant trim is selected.

+### The open-front seat requirement in both model plumbing codes exists so that the user does not contact the front of the seat, and it applies to public and employee use rather than to private toilet rooms within a dwelling or guest unit. {note}

+## Accessible Water Closets {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Accessible-Height Bowl Policy

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Accessible-height bowls at accessible fixtures"

+ - "Accessible-height bowls at every water closet"

+```

+### Water closets serving accessible compartments and accessible single-user toilet rooms shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the Accessibility Criteria Basis field.

+### The seat height at an accessible water closet shall be 17 in. to 19 in. above the finished floor, measured to the top of the seat.

+### The centerline of an accessible water closet shall be 16 in. to 18 in. from the side wall carrying the grab bar.

+### The flush control at an accessible water closet shall be on the open side of the fixture, shall be no more than 44 in. above the finished floor, and shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, requiring no more than 5 lbf.

+### Where a manual flushometer handle serves an accessible water closet, it shall be of the wide-blade type operable by a closed fist or forearm.

+### Standardizing on accessible-height bowls throughout gives the Owner one bowl model, one seat, and one spare parts line for the whole building, and removes the possibility of a compliant bowl being installed in the wrong stall during a future renovation. It also raises the seat above the height most comfortable for small children, which is why occupancies serving children are the usual exception. {note}

+### The open-side requirement is about reach from the wheelchair, not about handedness, so the handle position is fixed by which side the transfer occurs on and it changes when a compartment is mirrored. Ordering flush valves without confirming handing against the compartment layout is a routine source of field rework. {note}

+# Urinals {toc}

+## Urinal Bowl Type and Material {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Urinal Bowl Type

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Washout with integral trap"

+ - "Blowout with integral trap"

+ - "Siphon jet with integral trap"

+ - "Washdown"

+default: "Washout with integral trap"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Urinal Material

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Vitreous china"

+ - "Stainless steel"

+default: "Vitreous china"

+```

+### Vitreous china urinals shall conform to ASME A112.19.2 and stainless steel urinals to ASME A112.19.3.

+### Urinals shall be wall-hung and supported by a concealed carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M.

+### Unless the Contract Documents direct otherwise, floor-mounted stall urinals and trough urinals shall not be installed in new construction.

+### An integral trap keeps the seal inside the fixture, where its depth is set by the manufacturer and cannot be defeated by a field trap installed at the wrong height, and it lets the bowl geometry and the flush profile be engineered together for the rated volume. A trough urinal serves several users from one flushing surface, which makes accessible use and cleaning difficult and gives every user contact with the same drainage path. {note}

+## Urinal Flush Volume {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Urinal Flush Volume

+type: range

+unit: gpf

+options:

+ min: 0

+ max: 1.0

+ setpoints: [0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0]

+```

+### The flush volume of every flushing urinal shall not exceed 1.0 gpf, which is the federal maximum.

+### Urinals carrying WaterSense certification shall not exceed 0.5 gpf.

+### The bowl and the flush valve shall both be rated for the flush volume selected in the datasheet.

+### A urinal selection of zero designates a non-water urinal, and the requirements of the Non-Water Urinals subsection apply to it.

+### Urinal flush volumes span an unusually wide band for a single fixture family, from the 1.0 gpf federal ceiling down through the half-gallon WaterSense value to the eighth-gallon pint urinals, and all of them are stocked by multiple manufacturers. The lower the volume, the more the drain line depends on flow from other fixtures to carry solids, so the selection interacts with the branch layout rather than standing alone. {note}

+## Non-Water Urinals {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Non-Water Urinal Trap Seal Method

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Replaceable cartridge with sealant liquid"

+ - "Replaceable cartridge with a mechanical seal"

+ - "Cartridge-free mechanical trap seal insert"

+```

+### Non-water urinals shall be installed only where permitted by the adopted plumbing code, and shall be provided with the trap seal method selected in the datasheet.

+### The Contractor shall verify with [[sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping]] that the waste piping material serving a non-water urinal is compatible with undiluted urine.

+### A water supply shall be roughed in and capped behind the wall at each non-water urinal unless the Contract Documents direct otherwise.

+### The Contractor shall deliver to the Owner one complete set of replacement cartridges or seal inserts for every non-water urinal installed.

+### A non-water urinal removes the flush water and the supply branch entirely, and its performance then rests on the trap seal and on the drain line. Undiluted urine deposits uric acid scale in the drain, so cast iron and some plastics behave differently over time, and the maintenance task changes from valve service to a scheduled cartridge or seal replacement that the Owner has to actually perform. {note}

+### Roughing in and capping a supply behind the wall costs very little during construction and preserves the option of converting to a flushing urinal later, which is a decision a future Owner makes for reasons the design team cannot anticipate. {note}

+## Urinal Flushometer Valves {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Urinal Flush Actuation

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Manual lever or push button"

+ - "Sensor-operated"

+```

+### Urinal flushometer valves shall conform to ASSE 1037 and shall have a 3/4 in. inlet connection.

+### The operating element shall be rated for the flush volume of the urinal it serves, and the Contractor shall verify that rating against the fixture at trim-out.

+### Each urinal flushometer valve shall include an integral control stop and a vacuum breaker conforming to ASSE 1001 above the flood rim.

+### Sensor-operated urinal flushometer valves shall provide a means of manual actuation for maintenance flushing.

+### Sensor operation at a urinal removes the hand contact at the fixture a user is least likely to touch deliberately, and removes the flushes that never happen when a user walks away. Against that, it adds a sensor and solenoid at every fixture and can flush on passing traffic in a narrow room. {note}

+## Accessible Urinals {toc}

+### Where more than one urinal is provided in a toilet room, at least one shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the Accessibility Criteria Basis field.

+### The rim of an accessible urinal shall be no more than 17 in. above the finished floor.

+### An accessible urinal shall be of the stall type or shall be a wall-hung urinal with an elongated rim projecting at least 13 1/2 in. from the wall.

+### The flush control at an accessible urinal shall be no more than 44 in. above the finished floor and shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, requiring no more than 5 lbf.

+# Lavatories {toc}

+## Lavatory Mounting {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Lavatory Mounting

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Wall-hung on a concealed carrier"

+ - "Drop-in self-rimming in a counter"

+ - "Under-counter mounted"

+ - "Vessel mounted above the counter"

+ - "Integral with the countertop"

+ - "Pedestal"

+```

+### Lavatories shall be mounted as selected in the datasheet.

+### Wall-hung lavatories shall be supported by a carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M, and the fixture shall impose no load on the wall finish.

+### Counter-mounted lavatories shall be supported by the counter and sealed to it with a continuous bead of the sealant selected under the Fixture Perimeter Sealant field.

+### Under-counter lavatories shall be secured with the manufacturer's clips or a fabricated support, and the counter cutout shall be sealed against water migration into the substrate.

+### The mounting decides what happens at the rim joint, which is where a lavatory fails first. A drop-in rim sits proud of the counter and collects water and soil along a caulk line that has to be maintained. An under-counter bowl puts the joint below the counter surface so water sheets past it, and an integral bowl removes the joint entirely at the cost of replacing the whole counter if the bowl is damaged. A wall-hung bowl has no counter joint at all and leaves the floor clear beneath it. {note}

+### A pedestal conceals the trap and supplies without a counter or a carrier, which suits a small toilet room where no counter is wanted, and it gives no counter surface and restricts cleaning access at the base. {note}

+## Lavatory Material {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Lavatory Material

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Vitreous china"

+ - "Enameled cast iron"

+ - "Enameled steel"

+ - "Stainless steel"

+ - "Solid surface"

+ - "Cultured marble"

+default: "Vitreous china"

+```

+### Vitreous china lavatories shall conform to ASME A112.19.2, enameled cast iron and enameled steel lavatories to ASME A112.19.1, stainless steel lavatories to ASME A112.19.3, and solid surface and cultured marble lavatories to IAPMO/ANSI Z124.3.

+### Stainless steel lavatories shall be of the grade selected under the Stainless Steel Fixture Grade field, with a minimum 18 ga bowl and sound-deadening applied to the underside.

+### Solid surface and cultured marble lavatories fabricated integrally with a countertop shall have the bowl and deck formed as a single seamless piece with no applied joint at the bowl.

+### Vitreous china is the least expensive durable choice, holds a glaze that resists staining indefinitely, and cracks when struck. Enameled cast iron takes impact without cracking and chips at the enamel when it does fail, and its weight drives the carrier or counter support. Stainless steel neither cracks nor chips and can be repaired by refinishing in place, which is why impact-prone and secure installations use it. {note}

+### A solid surface basin formed integrally with its counter eliminates the rim joint, which is the seam where soil and biofilm accumulate in a heavily used washroom and the detail that most often fails inspection in a healthcare facility. It is also the only material on this list that a fabricator can repair by sanding rather than replacing. {note}

+## Lavatory Faucets {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Lavatory Faucet Type

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Manual single-handle mixing"

+ - "Manual two-handle mixing"

+ - "Manual single-temperature"

+ - "Metering self-closing"

+ - "Sensor-operated single-temperature"

+ - "Sensor-operated mixing"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Lavatory Faucet Mounting

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Deck-mounted single hole"

+ - "Deck-mounted centerset on 4 in. centers"

+ - "Deck-mounted widespread on 8 in. centers"

+ - "Wall-mounted"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Metering Faucet Cycle Time

+type: range

+unit: s

+options:

+ min: 5

+ max: 30

+ setpoints: [5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30]

+```

+### Lavatory faucets shall conform to ASME A112.18.1.

+### The faucet type and mounting shall be as selected in the datasheet, and the lavatory shall be furnished with the drilling that matches the selected mounting.

+### Metering faucets shall close automatically within the cycle time selected in the datasheet and shall not exceed 0.25 gallons of discharge per metering cycle.

+### Sensor-operated faucets shall be powered from the source selected under the Sensor-Operated Fixture Power Source field, and their range shall be field-adjustable without replacing the sensor.

+### Aerators or laminar flow devices shall be furnished with every lavatory faucet and shall be removable for cleaning.

+### Sensor operation removes hand contact at the point where hands are dirtiest and removes the running faucet nobody turned off. It costs a sensor, a solenoid, and a power source at every fixture, and its behavior depends on a field adjustment that is rarely revisited after handover. {note}

+### A metering faucet gets much of the same saving mechanically, by closing on a spring or a cartridge a fixed interval after release, with no electronics and nothing to power. It gives the user no control over that interval, which is the reason a cycle time that is comfortable in an office is frustrating in a facility where users wash for a prescribed duration. {note}

+### A single-temperature faucet has only one inlet and no mixing element, which makes it the simplest faucet on the list and moves the entire temperature control upstream to a tempered water supply serving the group. {note}

+## Lavatory Faucet Flow Rates {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Public Lavatory Faucet Flow Rate

+type: range

+unit: gpm

+options:

+ min: 0.25

+ max: 0.5

+ setpoints: [0.25, 0.35, 0.4, 0.5]

+default: 0.5

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Private Lavatory Faucet Flow Rate

+type: range

+unit: gpm

+options:

+ min: 0.5

+ max: 2.2

+ setpoints: [0.5, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.2]

+default: 1.5

+```

+### Faucets serving public-use lavatories shall not exceed 0.5 gpm at 60 psi, which is the maximum established by both model plumbing codes.

+### Faucets serving private-use lavatories shall not exceed 2.2 gpm at 60 psi, which is the federal maximum, and shall not exceed 1.5 gpm at 60 psi where WaterSense certification is required.

+### The flow-limiting device shall be integral to the aerator or to a removable insert within the faucet body, and its rating shall be marked so that it can be identified without disassembly.

+### The public and private limits come from different instruments and differ by a factor of four. The code sets the public-use limit because a public lavatory is used for a brief hand wash where a low flow is not noticed. The federal maximum and the WaterSense value apply to a private lavatory in a guest room, dwelling unit, or private office, where the same fixture also fills a basin and a very low flow is felt as poor performance. Applying the public number to a guest room, or the private number to a public restroom, is the most common flow rate error in fixture schedules. {note}

+## Lavatory Scald Protection {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Lavatory Scald Protection Method

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Temperature-limiting device at each lavatory"

+ - "Temperature-limiting device serving a lavatory group"

+ - "Tempered water distributed to the lavatory from a master mixing valve"

+ - "Faucet with an integral adjustable temperature limit stop"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Maximum Lavatory Delivery Temperature

+type: range

+unit: °F

+options:

+ min: 100

+ max: 110

+ setpoints: [100, 105, 110]

+default: 110

+```

+### Water delivered at a lavatory used for hand washing shall not exceed the maximum delivery temperature selected in the datasheet.

+### The scald protection shall be provided by the method selected in the datasheet, and the device shall conform to ASSE 1070 where it is a temperature-limiting device.

+### The temperature-limiting device shall be accessible for adjustment and service without removing the lavatory or the counter.

+### Where the selected method distributes tempered water from a master mixing valve, the Contractor shall confirm with [[sync/water-heaters]] that the tempered branch serves only fixtures whose maximum delivery temperature is at or above the value selected here.

+### Both model plumbing codes cap water delivered from a public-use lavatory at 110°F, and occupancies serving children, patients, or people with reduced sensation commonly set a lower value because the time to a scald injury falls sharply as temperature rises. At 120°F an adult has a few minutes before injury; at 140°F the same injury takes seconds. {note}

+### The choice among the four methods is a choice about how many devices the Owner has to maintain and how far a failure propagates. A device at each fixture fails for one lavatory at a time and multiplies the maintenance count by the fixture count. A device at the group inverts both. A tempered distribution branch removes fixture-level devices entirely and makes the master valve a single point of failure for every fixture it serves. {note}

+## Lavatory Tailpieces and Exposed Traps {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Exposed Tailpiece and Trap Material

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Chrome-plated cast brass"

+ - "Chrome-plated tubular brass"

+ - "Stainless steel"

+ - "Polypropylene"

+default: "Chrome-plated cast brass"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Exposed Tubular Brass Wall Thickness

+type: select

+unit: ga

+options:

+ - "17 ga"

+ - "20 ga"

+default: "17 ga"

+```

+### Tailpieces, exposed traps, and strainers shall conform to ASME A112.18.2.

+### Exposed tailpieces and traps shall be of the material selected in the datasheet, in the finish selected under the Exposed Fixture Trim Finish field.

+### Where tubular brass is selected, the wall thickness shall be as indicated in the datasheet.

+### Concealed tailpieces and traps within a cabinet, pedestal, or chase shall be of a material permitted for drainage piping under [[sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping]].

+### Tubular brass is sold in two common wall thicknesses, and the thinner one deforms under a slip-nut wrench and crushes when a mop or a wheelchair footrest strikes it. The heavier wall is standard in commercial washrooms for that reason rather than for any difference in drainage performance. {note}

+## Accessible Lavatories {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Accessible Lavatory Contact Protection

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Molded insulating covers on the trap and supply risers"

+ - "Enclosure or apron configured to prevent contact"

+default: "Molded insulating covers on the trap and supply risers"

+```

+### Lavatories serving accessible locations shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the Accessibility Criteria Basis field.

+### The rim or counter surface at an accessible lavatory shall be no more than 34 in. above the finished floor.

+### Knee clearance at an accessible lavatory shall be at least 27 in. high and 30 in. wide at the front, extending at least 8 in. deep at the full 27 in. height and at least 11 in. deep at 9 in. above the floor.

+### Toe clearance at an accessible lavatory shall be at least 9 in. high and shall extend no more than 17 in. beneath the fixture.

+### Faucet controls at an accessible lavatory shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, requiring no more than 5 lbf.

+### Exposed water supply and drain piping beneath an accessible lavatory shall be protected against contact by the method selected in the datasheet, and no unprotected sharp or abrasive surface shall be present under the fixture.

+### Where insulating covers are selected, they shall be molded to the pipe and trap profile with closed seams, and field-wrapped tape or split foam sleeves shall not be used.

+### A sensor-operated faucet and a lever handle both satisfy the one-hand, no-tight-grasping requirement without a force measurement, because neither can be built to require a grasp. A knob handle cannot satisfy it regardless of the force it takes. {note}

+### Tape-wrapped or split-sleeve insulation on an under-lavatory trap comes loose within a year of cleaning, at which point the fixture is out of compliance and nobody notices until an accessibility survey. A molded cover with closed seams stays put and can be removed and refitted for trap service. {note}

+# Sinks {toc}

+## Service Sinks and Mop Basins {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Service Sink Type

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Floor-set mop basin with integral threshold"

+ - "Wall-hung service sink with a rim guard"

+ - "Floor-mounted service sink on legs"

+default: "Floor-set mop basin with integral threshold"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Service Sink Material

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Molded stone"

+ - "Precast terrazzo"

+ - "Fiberglass-reinforced polyester"

+ - "Stainless steel"

+ - "Enameled cast iron"

+default: "Molded stone"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Service Sink Faucet Temperature Control

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Manual two-handle mixing"

+ - "Thermostatic mixing"

+default: "Manual two-handle mixing"

+```

+### A service sink shall be provided in each custodial closet and at each location shown, of the type and material selected in the datasheet.

+### Floor-set mop basins shall have an integral threshold on the exposed sides and shall be set on a level bed of mortar or on the manufacturer's specified base.

+### The service sink faucet shall be wall-mounted, shall include integral stops, a pail hook, and a hose thread outlet, and shall have the temperature control selected in the datasheet.

+### The hose thread outlet shall be protected by a vacuum breaker conforming to ASSE 1011.

+### A wall guard or splash panel shall be provided on each wall adjacent to a service sink, extending at least 28 in. above the sink rim.

+### The threshold and the wall guard exist because the fixture is used with a hose and a mop bucket rather than a stream of water into a bowl, so the water that leaves the fixture leaves sideways. A mop basin without a wall guard destroys the adjacent wall finish within a year. {note}

+### A hose thread outlet creates a direct cross-connection to whatever the hose is submerged in, which is why the vacuum breaker on a service faucet is a code requirement rather than an accessory, and why the vacuum breaker is the first thing to check when a custodial closet is remodeled. {note}

+## Hand-Wash Sinks {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Hand-Wash Sink Material

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Stainless steel"

+ - "Vitreous china"

+ - "Solid surface"

+default: "Stainless steel"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Hand-Wash Sink Actuation

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Sensor-operated"

+ - "Wrist-blade lever handles"

+ - "Knee-operated valve"

+ - "Foot-pedal valve"

+ - "Metering self-closing"

+```

+### Hand-wash sinks serving food preparation, clinical, and similar hands-free locations shall be of the material and actuation selected in the datasheet.

+### Stainless steel hand-wash sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.3 and shall be of the grade selected under the Stainless Steel Fixture Grade field.

+### The hand-wash sink faucet shall deliver tempered water at no more than the maximum delivery temperature selected under the Maximum Lavatory Delivery Temperature field.

+### The hand-wash sink faucet shall not exceed the flow rate selected under the Public Lavatory Faucet Flow Rate field.

+### The spout shall be a gooseneck or high-arc pattern providing at least 5 in. of clearance between the spout outlet and the sink rim.

+### Where the facility operates under health department or clinical facility guidelines that impose additional hand-wash sink requirements, those requirements shall govern over this subsection.

+### Every actuation type on the list exists to let a user start and stop the water without touching a handle with contaminated hands. They differ in where the mechanism lives and what fails: a sensor has electronics at the fixture, a knee or foot valve has a mechanical linkage below the fixture that a cleaning crew can knock out of adjustment, and a wrist blade has nothing to fail but requires deliberate contact with the forearm. {note}

+## Break Room and Office Kitchen Sinks {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Break Room Sink Bowl Configuration

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Single bowl"

+ - "Double bowl with equal compartments"

+ - "Double bowl with offset compartments"

+default: "Single bowl"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Break Room Sink Material

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Stainless steel"

+ - "Enameled cast iron"

+ - "Composite granite"

+ - "Solid surface"

+default: "Stainless steel"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Break Room Sink Bowl Thickness

+type: select

+unit: ga

+options:

+ - "16 ga"

+ - "18 ga"

+ - "20 ga"

+default: "18 ga"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Break Room Sink Faucet Flow Rate

+type: range

+unit: gpm

+options:

+ min: 1.0

+ max: 2.2

+ setpoints: [1.0, 1.5, 1.8, 2.2]

+```

+### Sinks in break rooms, office kitchens, and similar non-commercial-kitchen locations shall be of the configuration, material, and thickness selected in the datasheet.

+### Stainless steel break room sinks shall conform to ASME A112.19.3, shall be of the grade selected under the Stainless Steel Fixture Grade field, and shall have sound-deadening pads bonded to the underside of each bowl.

+### The faucet shall not exceed the flow rate selected in the datasheet, and shall not exceed 2.2 gpm at 60 psi, which is the federal maximum for a kitchen faucet.

+### A basket strainer and a tailpiece conforming to ASME A112.18.2 shall be furnished for each bowl.

+### Commercial foodservice sinks, three-compartment warewashing sinks, pot sinks, and pre-rinse assemblies are specified under [[sync/foodservice-equipment]] and are not covered by this subsection. {note}

+### The EPA WaterSense program does not certify kitchen faucets, so a kitchen faucet marketed as high-efficiency is being measured against a state efficiency standard or a manufacturer's own claim rather than against a WaterSense specification. A schedule that cites WaterSense for a kitchen faucet is citing a specification that does not exist. {note}

+### Sheet thickness on a stainless sink is the difference between a bowl that flexes and drums under a running tap and one that does not, and the sound-deadening pads address the same complaint from the other direction. Both matter more in an open office break room than in a closed service kitchen. {note}

+# Showers {toc}

+## Shower Receptors and Enclosures {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Shower Receptor Type

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Prefabricated one-piece unit"

+ - "Prefabricated multi-piece unit"

+ - "Precast terrazzo receptor"

+ - "Field-built receptor over a waterproof membrane"

+ - "Fabricated solid surface receptor"

+ - "Enameled cast iron receptor"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Prefabricated Shower Unit Material

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Acrylic"

+ - "Fiberglass-reinforced polyester"

+ - "Solid surface"

+ - "Cultured marble"

+```

+### Shower receptors and enclosures shall be of the type and material selected in the datasheet.

+### Prefabricated shower units shall conform to IAPMO/ANSI Z124.1.2.

+### Prefabricated units shall be set level on a full mortar bed or on the manufacturer's specified base, with no voids beneath the receptor floor.

+### The receptor shall slope uniformly to the drain, and no point of the receptor floor shall pond water after the shower is shut off.

+### Where a field-built receptor is selected, the waterproof membrane, sub-pan, slope, and wall finish are furnished under the architectural waterproofing scope, and this standard governs only the drain, valve, showerhead, and trim.

+### The Contractor shall coordinate the shower drain body, its connection, and any required clamping ring with [[sync/sanitary-waste-and-vent-piping]].

+### A one-piece unit arrives with every joint made in the factory and cannot leak at a seam, and it has to fit through the door openings and corridors of the building as a single piece, which rules it out for most renovation work above the ground floor. A multi-piece unit trades factory joints for field joints in exchange for getting into the room. {note}

+## Shower Valves {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Shower Valve Compensation Type

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Pressure-balancing"

+ - "Thermostatic"

+ - "Combination pressure-balancing and thermostatic"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Maximum Shower Delivery Temperature

+type: range

+unit: °F

+options:

+ min: 100

+ max: 120

+ setpoints: [100, 105, 110, 115, 120]

+default: 120

+```

+### Shower valves shall be automatic compensating valves conforming to ASSE 1016, of the compensation type selected in the datasheet.

+### The valve shall hold the delivered temperature within ±3.6°F of the user setpoint through the supply pressure and temperature variations for which it is certified.

+### The maximum delivery temperature shall be limited by the valve's adjustable stop, field-set to the value selected in the datasheet, and shall not exceed 120°F.

+### The Contractor shall set and record the maximum temperature stop at each valve before the shower is enclosed or the escutcheon is installed.

+### A pressure-balancing valve senses the pressure difference between the hot and cold inlets and holds the ratio, which is what protects a user when a water closet flushes on the same branch and the cold pressure drops. It cannot see temperature, so it does not respond when the hot supply itself drifts, for example as a water heater recovers. {note}

+### A thermostatic valve senses the outlet temperature and moves the mix to hold it, so it corrects both pressure and temperature disturbances and it holds a setpoint over a long shower. A combination valve adds a pressure-balancing element to a thermostatic one so that a sudden pressure loss is caught mechanically rather than waiting for the thermal element to respond, which is the arrangement chosen where the consequence of a brief excursion is highest. {note}

+## Showerheads {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Showerhead Flow Rate

+type: range

+unit: gpm

+options:

+ min: 1.5

+ max: 2.5

+ setpoints: [1.5, 1.75, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5]

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Showerhead Configuration

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Fixed wall-mounted showerhead"

+ - "Handheld showerhead on a slide bar"

+ - "Fixed showerhead with a handheld and a diverter"

+ - "Ceiling-mounted overhead showerhead"

+ - "Multiple showerheads on a diverter"

+```

+### Showerheads shall not exceed 2.5 gpm at 80 psi, which is the federal maximum.

+### Showerheads carrying WaterSense certification shall not exceed 2.0 gpm at 80 psi.

+### Where the adopted state efficiency standard establishes a lower maximum, that value shall govern.

+### The flow-limiting device shall be integral to the showerhead and shall not be removable without a tool.

+### Where more than one outlet is served from a single valve, the total flow through all outlets that can operate simultaneously shall not exceed the rated flow of a single showerhead unless the Contract Documents direct otherwise.

+### Showerhead flow rate is one of the few fixture values a project can select against a real occupant-satisfaction constraint rather than a code minimum, because the perceived quality of a shower depends on spray pattern and droplet size as much as on volume. A well-designed head at a lower rate outperforms a poor one at a higher rate, which is why the flow number alone does not predict complaints. {note}

+## Accessible Showers {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Accessible Shower Compartment Type

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Transfer type, 36 in. by 36 in."

+ - "Standard roll-in type, 30 in. by 60 in."

+ - "Alternate roll-in type, 36 in. by 60 in."

+```

+### Accessible showers shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the Accessibility Criteria Basis field, and shall be of the compartment type selected in the datasheet.

+### Shower controls and the hand shower mounting shall be located 38 in. to 48 in. above the finished floor and positioned as required by the selected accessibility criteria for the compartment type.

+### A hand shower with a hose at least 59 in. long shall be provided at every accessible shower and shall be usable both as a hand shower and as a fixed showerhead.

+### Where a seat is provided, the shower controls shall be reachable from the seat.

+### The Contractor shall coordinate grab bar blocking and grab bar mounting at accessible showers with [[sync/toilet-accessories]].

+### The transfer compartment is sized so that a user transfers onto a fixed seat from a wheelchair parked outside the compartment, which is why its controls sit on the wall adjacent to the seat and within reach of a seated user. A roll-in compartment is entered in the chair, so its controls sit where a user positioned along the back wall can reach them. Confusing the two puts a compliant fixture at a non-compliant location. {note}

+# Drinking Fountains and Bottle Fillers {toc}

+## Drinking Fountain Configuration {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Drinking Fountain Configuration

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Bi-level fountain with an integral bottle filler"

+ - "Bi-level fountain"

+ - "Single-level fountain"

+ - "Single-level fountain with an integral bottle filler"

+ - "Bottle filler without a bubbler"

+default: "Bi-level fountain with an integral bottle filler"

+```

+### Drinking fountains and bottle fillers shall be of the configuration selected in the datasheet, and every wetted component shall be certified to NSF/ANSI 61 and NSF/ANSI/CAN 372.

+### Bubblers shall deliver a stream that permits the user to drink without contacting the outlet, and the outlet shall be protected against contact by a shield or by its geometry.

+### Bottle fillers shall be sensor-activated and shall deliver into a user-supplied container without the container contacting the outlet.

+### Bottle fillers shall include a counter recording the number of containers filled, resettable by the Owner.

+### Where the adopted plumbing code requires more than one drinking fountain in a space, the required units shall be at the two spout heights given in the Accessible Drinking Fountains subsection.

+### A bi-level unit satisfies the code requirement for two units at two heights in one fixture, one wall opening, and one supply and waste connection, which is why it displaced the pair of separate fountains that used to be scheduled for the same requirement. {note}

+### The bottle filler has become the way most occupants of a public building take drinking water, and the fill counter is what lets the Owner show that. It is a maintenance and communication device rather than a performance one, and it costs almost nothing to include at purchase and cannot be added later. {note}

+## Drinking Fountain Mounting and Casing {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Drinking Fountain Mounting

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Surface-mounted on the wall"

+ - "Semi-recessed in the wall"

+ - "Fully recessed in the wall"

+ - "Freestanding pedestal"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Drinking Fountain Casing Material

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Stainless steel"

+ - "Powder-coated steel"

+default: "Stainless steel"

+```

+### Drinking fountains shall be mounted as selected in the datasheet, and wall-mounted units shall be supported by a carrier conforming to ASME A112.6.1M.

+### The carrier shall be selected for the operating weight of the unit, including the weight of a refrigeration system and a full storage tank where those are provided.

+### Recessed and semi-recessed units shall be installed in a wall opening framed and finished to the manufacturer's rough-in dimensions, and the Contractor shall confirm the wall depth before the wall is framed.

+### A surface-mounted fountain projects into the corridor, which is why a recessed or semi-recessed unit is chosen where the corridor is a required means of egress and the projection would reduce the clear width or create a protruding object. Recessing costs wall depth that has to be reserved before framing, and the depth needed by a refrigerated unit is substantially greater than that of a non-refrigerated one. {note}

+## Chilling and Filtration {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Drinking Fountain Refrigeration

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Refrigerated"

+ - "Non-refrigerated"

+default: "Refrigerated"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Chilled Water Delivery Capacity

+type: range

+unit: gph

+options:

+ min: 4

+ max: 20

+ setpoints: [4, 8, 12, 14, 20]

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Drinking Fountain Filtration

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Unfiltered"

+ - "Filter certified to NSF/ANSI 42"

+ - "Filter certified to NSF/ANSI 42 and NSF/ANSI 53"

+```

+### Refrigerated drinking fountains shall conform to AHRI 1010 and shall be listed to UL 399.

+### Refrigerated units shall deliver chilled water at the capacity selected in the datasheet, rated at the inlet water temperature and ambient temperature of the installed location.

+### The Contractor shall coordinate the circuit, receptacle or junction box, and disconnecting means for every refrigerated unit with the electrical work.

+### Where filtration is selected, the filter shall carry the certification selected in the datasheet, and the unit shall provide a visual indication when the cartridge has reached the end of its rated life.

+### Filter cartridges shall be replaceable without removing the unit from the wall and without shutting down the branch serving it.

+### The two filter certifications answer different questions. NSF/ANSI 42 covers aesthetic effects, principally chlorine taste and odor and particulate, which is what makes the water pleasant to drink. NSF/ANSI 53 covers health effects, and lead reduction is the claim under it that most owners are actually asking about. A cartridge certified only to 42 makes no lead claim at all. {note}

+### Chilled delivery capacity is a usage quantity rather than a product preference, since it depends on the population served, the pattern of use around a class change or a shift break, and the incoming water temperature. A unit sized for steady use runs continuously and delivers warm water during a rush, which is the complaint that follows an undersized selection. {note}

+## Accessible Drinking Fountains {toc}

+### Drinking fountains shall comply with the accessibility criteria selected in the Accessibility Criteria Basis field.

+### Where drinking fountains are provided for more than one user group in a space, at least one shall have its spout outlet no more than 36 in. above the finished floor and at least one shall have its spout outlet 38 in. to 43 in. above the finished floor.

+### The spout at a wheelchair-accessible unit shall be at the front of the unit and shall direct the water stream at least 4 in. high, measured vertically.

+### Knee and toe clearance at a wheelchair-accessible unit shall be provided to the same dimensions required at an accessible lavatory.

+### Controls at a drinking fountain or bottle filler shall be operable with one hand without tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist, requiring no more than 5 lbf.

+### The two required heights serve different users and neither is a compromise for the other: a spout at 36 in. is reachable from a seated position, and a spout at 38 in. to 43 in. spares a standing adult from bending far enough to strain. A single fountain at an intermediate height serves neither well, which is why the code asks for two rather than an average. {note}

+# Emergency Eyewash and Drench Shower Equipment {toc}

+## Emergency Equipment Selection {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Emergency Equipment Type

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Combination drench shower and eyewash"

+ - "Combination drench shower and eye/face wash"

+ - "Drench shower"

+ - "Eyewash"

+ - "Eye/face wash"

+ - "Drench hose"

+ - "Personal portable eyewash unit"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Emergency Equipment Mounting

+type: select

+options:

+ - "Wall-mounted"

+ - "Floor-mounted pedestal"

+ - "Ceiling-mounted"

+ - "Counter-mounted"

+```

+### Plumbed emergency eyewash, eye/face wash, drench shower, combination, and drench hose equipment shall conform to ANSI/ISEA Z358.1.

+### Equipment shall be of the type and mounting selected in the datasheet.

+### A personal portable eyewash unit shall not be installed as the primary equipment serving a hazard, and shall be provided only in addition to plumbed equipment conforming to ANSI/ISEA Z358.1.

+### A drench hose shall not be installed as the primary equipment serving a hazard, and shall be provided only in addition to a plumbed eyewash or drench shower.

+### Emergency equipment locations are [[drawing: safety equipment plan]].

+### The type and location of emergency equipment follow from the facility's hazard assessment, which is performed under the safety and occupational health scope rather than by the plumbing designer. This standard governs what is installed and how it performs once that assessment has named the hazard. {note}

+### A personal portable unit holds a fixed volume of flushing fluid and cannot sustain the fifteen-minute flush the standard requires, and a drench hose is aimed by hand, which an injured user with contaminated eyes cannot reliably do. Both are useful as immediate first response on the way to plumbed equipment, and neither substitutes for it. {note}

+## Emergency Equipment Performance {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Emergency Equipment Activation Valve

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Push paddle"

+ - "Pull rod"

+ - "Foot treadle"

+ - "Push flag handle"

+```

+### Eyewash equipment shall deliver flushing fluid at not less than 0.4 gpm for at least 15 minutes.

+### Eye/face wash equipment shall deliver flushing fluid at not less than 3.0 gpm for at least 15 minutes.

+### Drench shower equipment shall deliver flushing fluid at not less than 20 gpm for at least 15 minutes, in a spray pattern at least 20 in. in diameter measured 60 in. above the floor.

+### Combination equipment shall deliver both the eyewash and the drench shower flows simultaneously.

+### The activation valve shall be of the type selected in the datasheet, shall move from closed to fully open in one second or less in a single motion, and shall remain open without the user holding it.

+### The activation valve shall require a deliberate action to close.

+### The Contractor shall confirm with [[sync/domestic-water-piping]] that the branch serving the equipment is sized to deliver the required flow simultaneously with the other demands on that branch.

+### The stay-open requirement exists because a person with a chemical injury to the eyes needs both hands free to hold the eyelids open for the full flush, and cannot hold a valve at the same time. Every part of the valve requirement, including the one-second opening and the deliberate closing action, follows from that single scenario. {note}

+### The fifteen-minute duration and the flow rate combine into a real volume: a drench shower at 20 gpm consumes 300 gallons in one activation, which is a demand most branch sizing does not anticipate unless it is stated. {note}

+## Tempered Flushing Fluid {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Emergency Equipment Tempered Water Source

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Dedicated emergency-service thermostatic mixing valve at the unit"

+ - "Tempered water distribution branch serving several units"

+ - "Instantaneous water heater dedicated to the unit"

+ - "Cold water with freeze protection and no tempering"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Emergency Equipment Delivered Water Temperature Setpoint

+type: range

+unit: °F

+options:

+ min: 60

+ max: 100

+ setpoints: [60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100]

+```

+### Flushing fluid shall be delivered between 60°F and 100°F as required by ANSI/ISEA Z358.1, at the setpoint selected in the datasheet.

+### Tempered flushing fluid shall be supplied by the source selected in the datasheet.

+### Where a thermostatic mixing valve supplies the equipment, the valve shall conform to ASSE 1071, shall be sized for the full rated flow of the equipment it serves, and shall fail to the cold supply if the hot supply is lost.

+### The mixing valve serving emergency equipment shall not be shared with any fixture that can draw from it during an activation.

+### Where a cold-only source is selected, the Contractor shall confirm that the delivered temperature at the equipment remains within the range required by ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 under the coldest expected supply condition.

+### Water below the required range drives an injured person off the equipment through cold discomfort before the fifteen-minute flush is complete, and water above it opens the pores and accelerates absorption of the chemical the flush is meant to remove. The band is narrow for both reasons at once. {note}

+### An ordinary mixing valve fails toward whatever the last mix position was, which can be scalding, so the failsafe-to-cold behavior is what separates an emergency-service valve from a comfort one. Sharing that valve with a nearby lavatory defeats it, because a fixture drawing from the same valve during an activation changes the flow the valve is regulating. {note}

+## Emergency Equipment Location and Identification {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Emergency Equipment Identification

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Wall sign at each unit"

+ - "Wall sign at each unit and a ceiling-hung sign visible along the path of travel"

+default: "Wall sign at each unit"

+```

+### Emergency equipment shall be on the same level as the hazard it serves and shall be reachable within ten seconds of travel from the hazard along an unobstructed path.

+### The path of travel from the hazard to the equipment shall have no door that must be opened by hand, no change in level, and no stored material.

+### Each unit shall be identified by the signage selected in the datasheet, and the sign shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ISEA Z358.1.

+### The floor area beneath and around each unit shall be kept clear for at least 16 in. from the edge of the discharge pattern.

+### The area beneath each unit shall be illuminated, and the Contractor shall coordinate that lighting with the electrical work.

+### The ten-second criterion is measured as travel time by an injured person who cannot necessarily see, which is why a door, a step, or a pallet in the aisle disqualifies a path that measures the right distance. {note}

+# Fixture Carriers and Supports {toc}

+## Water Closet and Urinal Carriers {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Water Closet Carrier Type

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Floor-affixed carrier with an adjustable faceplate"

+ - "Framing-affixed carrier for a concealed tank"

+default: "Floor-affixed carrier with an adjustable faceplate"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Carrier Fitting Material

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Epoxy-coated cast iron"

+ - "Uncoated cast iron"

+ - "Epoxy-coated ductile iron"

+default: "Epoxy-coated cast iron"

+```

+### Floor-affixed carriers shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M and framing-affixed carriers to ASME A112.6.2.

+### The carrier model shall be listed for the fixture it supports and shall match the fixture outlet configuration and the finished wall thickness.

+### Carrier fittings shall be of the material selected in the datasheet.

+### Unless the datasheet selects an uncoated fitting, carrier fittings in chases subject to condensation, in exterior walls, and below grade shall be coated.

+### Carriers shall be anchored to the structural floor or to the framing as detailed by the carrier manufacturer, and shall not be anchored to a topping slab, a fill, or a non-structural substrate.

+### Every wall-hung fixture puts the occupant's weight on a cantilever, and the carrier is what turns that cantilever into a load on the structure rather than on the wall finish, the waste piping, or the supply. Anchoring a carrier to a topping slab transfers the load to something that was never designed to take it. {note}

+## Lavatory and Drinking Fountain Carriers {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Lavatory and Fountain Carrier Type

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Chair carrier with exposed arms"

+ - "Concealed-arm carrier"

+ - "Plate-type carrier"

+```

+### Wall-hung lavatories, hand-wash sinks, and drinking fountains shall be supported by a carrier of the type selected in the datasheet, conforming to ASME A112.6.1M.

+### The carrier shall be selected for the fixture's operating weight and for the finished wall construction it is set into.

+### Carrier arms shall be adjustable for fixture height during setting and shall lock so that the fixture cannot settle after it is hung.

+### A concealed-arm carrier hides the support inside the fixture and the wall, leaving nothing visible beneath the bowl, which matters where the underside of the fixture is in view and where an exposed arm would defeat the required knee clearance. An exposed-arm chair carrier is adjustable in the field after the wall is closed, which is what recovers a rough-in set at the wrong height. {note}

+## Carrier Load Ratings {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Carrier Load Rating

+type: range

+unit: lb

+options:

+ min: 250

+ max: 1500

+ setpoints: [250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500]

+default: 500

+```

+### Carriers shall be rated for the static load selected in the datasheet, applied at the fixture as defined by ASME A112.6.1M.

+### Water closet and urinal carriers shall be rated for at least 500 lb, which is the minimum established by ASME A112.6.1M.

+### Lavatory and drinking fountain carriers shall be rated for at least 250 lb.

+### Where the Owner requires bariatric capacity at designated fixtures, the carrier at those fixtures shall be rated for the bariatric design load stated by the Owner, and the supporting structure shall be verified for that load by the structural engineer.

+### The carrier rating is a load at the fixture, not the fixture's own weight, because the governing case is a person's full weight applied at the front of a cantilevered bowl. Bariatric ratings exist as a separate rung because the load a bariatric program plans for exceeds the standard rating by a factor of two or three and reaches the structure, not just the carrier. {note}

+# Supply Stops and Fixture Connections {toc}

+## Supply Stops {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Supply Stop Type

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Quarter-turn ball stop with a lever handle"

+ - "Quarter-turn ball stop with a screwdriver control"

+ - "Multi-turn compression stop"

+ - "Loose-key stop"

+default: "Quarter-turn ball stop with a lever handle"

+```

+```datasheet

+label: Supply Stop Inlet Connection

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Compression"

+ - "Solder"

+ - "Threaded"

+ - "Press"

+default: "Compression"

+```

+### A supply stop shall be furnished at every fixture supply, and shall isolate that fixture without affecting any adjacent fixture.

+### Quarter-turn stops shall conform to ASME A112.4.14.

+### Stop bodies shall be cast brass with wetted components certified to NSF/ANSI/CAN 372, finished as selected under the Exposed Fixture Trim Finish field where exposed.

+### Unless the datasheet selects a loose-key stop, stops in publicly accessible locations shall be operable without a removable key or a separate tool.

+### The inlet connection shall be as selected in the datasheet and shall match the branch piping material specified under [[sync/domestic-water-piping]].

+### A loose-key stop cannot be operated by a person who does not have the key, which is the point of it in a location where an occupant might tamper with the supply, and also the reason a leaking fixture in that location runs until someone finds the key. Where the risk being managed is tampering rather than response time, the tradeoff runs the other way. {note}

+## Supply Risers {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Supply Riser Material

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Braided stainless steel flexible connector"

+ - "Chrome-plated copper rigid riser"

+ - "Chrome-plated brass rigid riser"

+ - "Cross-linked polyethylene riser"

+default: "Braided stainless steel flexible connector"

+```

+### Supply risers shall be of the material selected in the datasheet, and flexible connectors shall conform to ASME A112.18.6.

+### Exposed risers shall be finished as selected under the Exposed Fixture Trim Finish field.

+### Unless the datasheet selects otherwise, cross-linked polyethylene risers shall be used only where they are concealed within a cabinet, chase, or wall.

+### Risers shall be installed without kinks, without tension between the stop and the fixture inlet, and without a bend radius tighter than the manufacturer's minimum.

+### Flexible connectors shall not be spliced, extended, or cut to length.

+### A braided flexible connector absorbs the small misalignment between a rough-in stop and a fixture inlet that a rigid riser has to be bent to accommodate, and it is the part most often over-tightened at the fixture, which crushes the cone washer and produces a slow drip that runs undetected inside a cabinet for months. {note}

+# Installation {toc}

+## Rough-In Dimension Verification {toc}

+### The Contractor shall verify every fixture rough-in dimension against the reviewed product data and the fixture schedule before any wall is closed or any slab is poured.

+### The Contractor shall not deviate from a verified rough-in dimension without the written direction of the Engineer of Record.

+### Where a fixture is installed at a rough-in dimension that does not match the reviewed product data, the cost of correction, including demolition and refinishing, shall be borne by the Contractor.

+### The dimensions that cannot be recovered later are the carrier outlet elevation, the fixture centerline to the finished wall, the finished floor elevation at the fixture, and the supply rough-in heights. Each of them is buried by the next trade, and each of them is what determines whether the finished fixture lands at a compliant height. {note}

+## Carrier Setting Sequence {toc}

+### Carriers shall be set, anchored, and aligned before the rough plumbing inspection.

+### Waste and supply rough-in connections to the carrier shall be completed after the carrier is anchored and before the wall is framed over it.

+### The carrier shall be set plumb and square, at the elevation that places the finished fixture rim at the specified height after the finished floor and finished wall thicknesses are accounted for.

+### Wall framing and finish shall be installed around the set carrier, and the carrier shall not be repositioned to suit a framing error.

+### Setting a carrier into an opening cut in a finished wall is possible and is far more expensive than setting it first, and the misalignment it produces does not become visible until the fixture is hung, at which point the wall finish is complete. {note}

+## Fixture Setting and Sealant {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Fixture Perimeter Sealant

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Mildew-resistant silicone sealant"

+ - "Silicone sealant with a fungicide additive"

+ - "Sanitary-grade polyurethane sealant"

+default: "Mildew-resistant silicone sealant"

+```

+### Fixtures shall not be hung or set until the adjacent wall and floor finishes are complete, cured, and dry.

+### Fixtures shall be set level and plumb with the gaskets, seals, and fastener tightening sequence specified by the fixture manufacturer.

+### Tank-to-bowl fasteners shall be tightened in an alternating pattern to the torque specified by the manufacturer.

+### Wall-hung fixtures shall be sealed to the wall with a continuous bead of the sealant selected in the datasheet along the top and both sides, with the bottom edge left open.

+### Counter-mounted fixtures shall be sealed continuously around the full perimeter of the rim.

+### Leaving the bottom edge of a wall-hung fixture unsealed gives any water that gets behind the fixture a path out where it can be seen, instead of trapping it against the wall finish where it is discovered as a stain months later. {note}

+### An acrylic latex sealant fails in a continuously wet joint and supports mold growth in the failure, which is why the sealant at a fixture perimeter is a different product from the one used at a painted trim joint even though both are sold as caulk. {note}

+## Trim Installation {toc}

+### The Contractor shall flush each supply branch to waste before connecting any faucet, flush valve, or stop to it.

+### The Contractor shall verify the flush volume or flow rating marked on each operating element against the rating of the fixture it serves before the trim is installed.

+### Supply connections at the fixture shall be tightened to the manufacturer's specified torque and shall not be over-tightened to stop a weeping joint.

+### Aerators, flow-limiting inserts, and flush cartridges shall be installed on the fixture they are rated for, and shall not be interchanged between fixture types.

+### Three trim errors account for most first-year fixture callbacks. Debris left in the branch is driven through a cartridge on first operation and cuts the seat. An over-tightened supply nut deforms the cone washer and produces a drip that nobody sees inside a cabinet. And an operating element rated for the wrong volume puts the fixture permanently out of specification while looking correct from the outside. {note}

+## Sensor and Power Connection {toc}

+### Sensor lenses shall be installed unobstructed and aimed at the position a user actually occupies at the fixture.

+### The sensor range shall be adjusted at trim-out so that the fixture does not activate on traffic passing behind the user.

+### Battery-powered units shall be fitted with new batteries at trim-out, and the installation date shall be recorded in the operation and maintenance manuals.

+### Hardwired units shall be connected to a junction box that remains accessible without removing the fixture.

+### The default sensor range set at the factory assumes an open approach, and in a narrow toilet room it sees the opposite stall door, the wall, or a person walking past, which produces the phantom flushing that occupants report as a fault and that quietly doubles the fixture's water use. {note}

+# Testing {toc}

+## Flush and Flow Verification {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Flush and Flow Verification Extent

+type: radio

+options:

+ - "Every installed fixture"

+ - "A representative sample agreed with the Engineer of Record"

+default: "Every installed fixture"

+```

+### Fixture testing shall be performed after the supply piping pressure test, the drainage piping test, and the required inspections are complete.

+### Flush volume at water closets and urinals shall be verified by collecting one complete flush in a calibrated container and comparing the measured volume to the rated volume.

+### Flow rate at faucets and showerheads shall be verified by collecting the discharge in a calibrated container over a timed interval at the available supply pressure.

+### A measured flush volume or flow rate shall be within ±10 percent of the rated value.

+### The extent of verification shall be as selected in the datasheet.

+### Where a fixture fails the verification, the Contractor shall diagnose and correct the cause and shall retest that fixture and two additional fixtures of the same type at the Contractor's cost.

+### The Contractor shall record every test in a fixture test log identifying the fixture, the date, the supply pressure at the time of test, the measured value, the rated value, and the determination.

+### Where a measured flow exceeds the rated value, the first thing to check is the aerator or the flow insert, because inserts are routinely swapped between fixtures during shipping and installation and a high-flow insert on a low-flow fixture defeats the entire water-efficiency selection while leaving the fixture marking correct. {note}

+## Scald-Protection Setpoint Verification {toc}

+### Each temperature-limiting device and each shower valve shall have its maximum delivery temperature measured at the fixture outlet with a calibrated thermometer, with the control set to full hot.

+### The measured temperature shall not exceed the maximum delivery temperature selected in the datasheet for that fixture family.

+### Each shower valve shall additionally be tested with the cold supply pressure reduced to simulate a simultaneous draw elsewhere on the branch, and the delivered temperature shall remain within ±3.6°F of the setpoint.

+### The Contractor shall record every setpoint measurement, and shall not adjust a setpoint after it has been recorded without notifying the Engineer of Record.

+### Reducing the cold supply pressure during the shower test reproduces the exact event the compensating valve exists to handle, which is a fixture drawing cold water from the same branch while someone is in the shower. A valve that passes a static temperature check can still fail this one. {note}

+## Emergency Equipment Activation Test {toc}

+### Every plumbed emergency eyewash and drench shower unit shall be activated and tested at installation in accordance with ANSI/ISEA Z358.1.

+### The test shall verify and record the flow rate, the spray pattern and its height, the valve opening time, the stay-open behavior, and the delivered water temperature.

+### The Contractor shall provide the Owner with written instruction on the periodic activation testing that ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 requires throughout the life of the equipment.

+### The installation test proves the equipment was installed correctly; the periodic activation test that follows it proves the branch has not silted up, the mixing valve has not drifted, and nobody has stored a pallet under the shower. The second one is the Owner's obligation and it starts the month after handover. {note}

+## Accessibility Verification {toc}

+### Every fixture serving an accessible location shall have its accessibility-related dimensions measured and recorded after installation and before acceptance.

+### The verification shall cover rim, seat, and spout heights, centerline dimensions, knee and toe clearance, control location and reach, operating force, and contact protection beneath lavatories.

+### Operating force shall be measured with a calibrated gauge, and a control requiring more than 5 lbf shall be adjusted or replaced.

+### The Contractor shall provide the recorded verification for each accessible fixture as part of the closeout submittals.

+### Where a dimension is found non-compliant, the Contractor shall correct it and shall re-verify, and the cost shall be borne as established in the Rough-In and Accessibility Inspection subsection.

+# Delivery, Storage, and Handling {toc}

+## Fixture Delivery and Storage {toc}

+### Fixtures shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original packaging with the rough-in template and installation instructions intact.

+### Vitreous china, enameled cast iron, enameled steel, solid surface, and cultured marble fixtures shall be stored upright on a padded surface, kept dry, and protected from construction traffic.

+### Fixtures shall not be stored where water trapped in a tank, trap, or waterway can freeze.

+### Trim, faucets, and flush valves shall be stored in their original packaging with the waterway caps in place.

+### Fixtures already installed shall be protected from use, from construction traffic, and from being used as a work surface until the building is accepted.

+### These fixture materials fail by localized impact rather than by gradual wear, so a fixture that has been stacked, laid on its rim, or set on an unpadded slab can carry a crack that goes unnoticed until it is under water pressure in an occupied building. {note}

+## Damaged Fixtures {toc}

+### A fixture with a chip, crack, gouge, dent, or visible finish defect shall be removed from the project and replaced.

+### A chip, crack, or gouge in a fixture surface shall not be field-repaired.

+### A finish defect on exposed trim shall be cause for replacement of that item of trim.

+### Where the parties disagree whether a defect is visible in the installed condition, the Engineer of Record shall make the initial determination.

+### The Owner is buying new fixtures, and a field-filled chip in vitreous china is visible under any light, holds soil, and grows. The disagreement this rule prevents is not about whether the defect exists but about whether it is bad enough to matter, which is why the determination is assigned rather than described. {note}

+# Warranty {toc}

+## Installation Warranty {toc}

+```datasheet

+label: Installation Warranty Period

+type: range

+unit: years

+options:

+ min: 1

+ max: 5

+ setpoints: [1, 2, 3, 5]

+default: 1

+```

+### The Contractor shall warrant the fixture installation work, including supports, rough-in connections, trim installation, supply stops and risers, and final connections, against defects in workmanship and against leakage for the period selected in the datasheet, beginning at substantial completion.

+### The installation warranty shall cover the labor and incidental materials required to correct a defect, and shall cover the repair or replacement of finishes and contents damaged by leakage from a defective installation.

+### Where a warranted defect is corrected, the corrected work shall carry a fresh warranty for the full selected period from the date of correction, or the remainder of the original period, whichever ends later.

+## Manufacturer Warranty Pass-Through {toc}

+### The Contractor shall obtain and transfer to the Owner the manufacturer warranty for every fixture, item of trim, carrier, and electronic component installed.

+### Warranty documentation shall be registered in the Owner's name where the manufacturer requires registration for the warranty to be effective.

+### Manufacturer warranty periods on this equipment vary by an order of magnitude across the components of a single fixture, commonly running several years on the fixture body, a much longer period on a faucet body, and one to three years on the sensor, solenoid, and cartridge components that are also the ones most likely to fail. The pass-through matters most for the short-lived parts. {note}

+# Spare Parts {toc}

+## The Contractor shall deliver the following spare parts to the Owner at substantial completion, packaged and labeled by fixture type and model:

+- Two operating elements, diaphragm or piston, for each flush valve model and each rated flush volume installed

+- Two cartridges for each faucet model installed

+- One sensor module for each sensor-operated product line installed

+- A two-year supply of batteries for each battery-powered product line installed, based on the manufacturer's published battery life

+- Two aerators or flow inserts of each rated flow for each faucet model installed

+- One flush handle, one escutcheon, and one supply stop for each model installed

+- One seat for each water closet model installed

+- One filter cartridge for each filtered drinking fountain installed

+- One complete cartridge or seal insert set for each non-water urinal installed

+- Two removal keys or security bits of each type where vandal-resistant trim is installed

+```datasheet

+label: Spare Parts Inventory

+type: checkbox

+options:

+ - "Flush valve operating elements"

+ - "Faucet cartridges"

+ - "Sensor modules"

+ - "Sensor batteries"

+ - "Aerators and flow inserts"

+ - "Flush handles, escutcheons, and supply stops"

+ - "Water closet seats"

+ - "Drinking fountain filter cartridges"

+ - "Non-water urinal cartridges or seal inserts"

+ - "Vandal-resistant trim removal keys"

+default:

+ - "Flush valve operating elements"

+ - "Faucet cartridges"

+ - "Sensor modules"

+ - "Sensor batteries"

+ - "Aerators and flow inserts"

+```

+## The parts on this list are the consumables of a fixture package, and the first year of occupancy is when a facilities team discovers which ones it needs and how long procurement takes. Holding a small stock of each removes the interval where a fixture is out of service waiting on a part that costs a few dollars. {note}

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