---
title: Storm Drainage
…187 unchanged lines
- "PVC large-diameter sewer pipe per ASTM F679, gasketed joints per ASTM D3212"
- "Ductile iron pipe (specialty applications, see drawings)"
− - "Per drawings"
−default: "Per drawings"
+default: deferred
```
…14 unchanged lines
- "Class IV (0.01-in. crack 2000-D, ultimate 3000-D)"
- "Class V (0.01-in. crack 3000-D, ultimate 3750-D)"
− - "Per pipe schedule"
default: "Class III (0.01-in. crack 1350-D, ultimate 2000-D)"
```
…57 unchanged lines
- "Large-diameter solid wall (ASTM F679) — 18 in. and larger"
- "Profile-wall (ASTM F949) — 4 in. through 36 in."
− - "Per drawings"
−default: "Per drawings"
+default: deferred
```
…32 unchanged lines
- "Precast circular concrete (ASTM C478), separate precast base"
- "Cast-in-place concrete structure per drawings"
− - "Per structure schedule"
default: "Precast circular concrete (ASTM C478), monolithic base"
```
…8 unchanged lines
- "72-in. manhole — pipes 42 in. through 48 in."
- "84-in. manhole or larger — pipes 54 in. and larger"
− - "Per structure schedule"
−default: "Per structure schedule"
+default: deferred
```
…19 unchanged lines
label: Pipe-to-Structure Connection
type: radio
+drawing_ref: true
options:
- "Cast-in resilient connector (ASTM C923) at precast fabrication"
- "Field-cored opening with boot-type resilient connector (ASTM C923)"
- "Cast-in-place structure with rigid penetration and flexible gasket sleeve"
− - "Per drawings"
default: "Cast-in resilient connector (ASTM C923) at precast fabrication"
```
…22 unchanged lines
label: Manhole Step Material
type: radio
+drawing_ref: true
options:
- "Copolymer polypropylene plastic over steel reinforcing bar (ASTM C478)"
- "Cast-in steel reinforcing bar — coated"
- "Fixed steel ladder (manholes 20 ft and deeper)"
− - "Per drawings"
default: "Copolymer polypropylene plastic over steel reinforcing bar (ASTM C478)"
```
…28 unchanged lines
- "Area drain / yard drain — paved low point"
- "Area drain / yard drain — landscaped low point"
− - "Per drawings"
−default: "Per drawings"
+default: deferred
```
…36 unchanged lines
- "HDPE / PVC flared end section (manufacturer's standard)"
- "Riprap apron downstream of pipe end — no headwall"
− - "Per drawings"
−default: "Per drawings"
+default: deferred
```
…23 unchanged lines
label: Casting Material
type: radio
+drawing_ref: true
options:
- "Gray iron per ASTM A48 (Class 35B typical for street castings)"
- "Ductile iron per ASTM A536 (Grade 70-50-05 typical for heavy-load castings)"
- "Mix — ductile iron lid or grate with gray iron frame (cost-effective for H-25 loading)"
− - "Per drawings"
default: "Gray iron per ASTM A48 (Class 35B typical for street castings)"
```
…13 unchanged lines
- "H-25 / HS-25 — heavy highway loading"
- "Heavy industrial — airport, intermodal, container yard"
− - "Per drawings"
default: "H-20 / HS-20 — standard highway loading"
```
…12 unchanged lines
label: Bolted or Gasketed Manhole Cover
type: radio
+drawing_ref: true
options:
- "Not required — non-flood-prone location"
- "Gasketed self-seating cover (storm surcharge possible)"
- "Bolted lid with stainless steel fasteners (flood plain or flood-prone)"
− - "Per drawings"
default: "Not required — non-flood-prone location"
```
…107 unchanged lines
- "Class B bedding (rigid pipe — granular shaped to pipe bottom)"
- "Class A bedding (rigid pipe — concrete cradle, special applications)"
− - "Per drawings"
default: "ASTM D2321 Class I — open-graded crushed stone (preferred for flexible pipe)"
```
…33 unchanged lines
label: Pipe Zone Backfill Material
type: radio
+drawing_ref: true
options:
- "Same as bedding — Class I (3/4-in. or 1/2-in. clean crushed stone)"
- "Same as bedding — Class II (clean sand or gravel)"
- "Native suitable material — for rigid pipe only, with Engineer approval"
− - "Per drawings"
default: "Same as bedding — Class I (3/4-in. or 1/2-in. clean crushed stone)"
```
…63 unchanged lines
label: Pipe Alignment Verification Method
type: select
+drawing_ref: true
options:
- "Pipe laser — required for grade verification on continuous reaches"
- "Transit and offset stakes"
- "String line and grade boards"
− - "Per drawings / engineer's recommendation"
default: "Pipe laser — required for grade verification on continuous reaches"
```
…46 unchanged lines
label: Pipe Joining at Material Transitions
type: select
+drawing_ref: true
options:
- "Manufacturer's listed transition coupling for the specific OD pair"
- "Compression repair coupling with stainless steel band (small repair only)"
- "Cast-in-place concrete collar (RCP transitions only)"
− - "Per drawings"
default: "Manufacturer's listed transition coupling for the specific OD pair"
```
…78 unchanged lines
label: Manhole Bench / Channel Construction
type: select
+drawing_ref: true
options:
- "Cast-in-place concrete bench, hand-formed channel"
- "Cement mortar bench, hand-troweled smooth"
- "Factory-formed channel insert (where available for the pipe pattern)"
− - "Per drawings"
default: "Cement mortar bench, hand-troweled smooth"
```
…243 unchanged lines
## Pipe installed at incorrect slope, structures with leaking joints concealed by exterior backfill, castings under-rated for the load class of the location, or pipe materials substituted from the specified standard remain the Contractor's responsibility as latent defects whenever discovered. {note}