Corpus sync: neutrality remakes, note hygiene, datasheet relocation, transformer-split cross-refs
---
title: Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems
…33 unchanged lines
### The room or space that houses the UPS and its battery, including clearances, ventilation, and environmental control, shall be coordinated with [[sync/electrical-rooms]].
−### A DC control-power battery plant for switchgear is a different system from a UPS and shall be specified to [[sync/dc-battery-systems]]. {note}
+### A DC control-power battery plant for switchgear is a different system from a UPS and shall be specified to [[sync/dc-battery-systems]].
# Referenced Standards {toc}
…64 unchanged lines
- "Seismic certification for UPS and battery enclosures"
- "Manufacturer installation instructions"
−default: "Battery/energy storage runtime sizing calculation (IEEE 1184)"
+default:
+ - "Product data (topology, kVA/kW, voltages, efficiency)"
+ - "Battery/energy storage runtime sizing calculation (IEEE 1184)"
+ - "Output ratings and waveform performance (PF, crest factor, regulation, THD)"
+ - "Input performance (THDi, power factor, inrush/walk-in, filter)"
+ - "System one-line diagram (sources, static and maintenance bypass)"
+ - "Redundancy configuration and paralleling/load-sharing scheme"
+ - "Heat rejection, airflow, and clearance data"
+ - "Communications and monitoring data (SNMP/Modbus/BACnet, contacts, EPO)"
+ - "Manufacturer installation instructions"
```
### Installation and procurement of any portion of the UPS system shall not proceed until the corresponding submittals are reviewed and returned.
−### The submitted runtime calculation shall be at the actual design load, not at the UPS nameplate rating, because most UPS units are loaded below nameplate and the runtime varies strongly with load. {note}
+### The submitted runtime calculation shall be at the actual design load, not at the UPS nameplate rating, because most UPS units are loaded below nameplate and the runtime varies strongly with load.
## Closeout Submittals {toc}
…22 unchanged lines
- "Warranty documentation (UPS and energy storage)"
- "Preventive maintenance schedule and battery replacement interval"
−default: "Operation and maintenance manuals (UPS, energy storage, bypass)"
+default:
+ - "Operation and maintenance manuals (UPS, energy storage, bypass)"
+ - "Factory test reports (burn-in, transfer/bypass functional)"
+ - "Field commissioning report (load test, runtime, transfer/bypass, alarms)"
+ - "As-built one-line and as-built settings"
+ - "Commissioned battery configuration and baseline record"
+ - "Written sequence of operation (normal/battery/bypass/EPO)"
+ - "Warranty documentation (UPS and energy storage)"
+ - "Preventive maintenance schedule and battery replacement interval"
```
…20 unchanged lines
### The UPS performance shall be specified and verified in accordance with NEMA PE 1 or IEC 62040-3, so that ratings submitted by different manufacturers are stated on a common basis.
−### Efficiency and energy consumption shall be reported in accordance with the ENERGY STAR or U.S. Department of Energy test method so that quoted efficiencies are comparable. {note}
+### Efficiency and energy consumption shall be reported in accordance with the ENERGY STAR or U.S. Department of Energy test method so that quoted efficiencies are comparable.
# Environmental and Service Conditions {toc}
−## The UPS and its energy storage subsystem shall be suitable for the temperature, humidity, altitude, and air quality of the space in which they are installed, derated where required by the manufacturer's published data. {note}
+## The UPS and its energy storage subsystem shall be suitable for the temperature, humidity, altitude, and air quality of the space in which they are installed, derated where required by the manufacturer's published data.
## Operating Temperature {toc}
+### The design operating temperature of the UPS location shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Design Operating Temperature (UPS Location)
…15 unchanged lines
## Altitude {toc}
+### The installation altitude shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Installation Altitude
…11 unchanged lines
## Seismic Requirements {toc}
+### The seismic certification basis shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Seismic Certification
type: select
+drawing_ref: "structural drawings"
options:
- "Not required"
- "IBC/ASCE 7 — Importance Factor 1.0"
- "IBC/ASCE 7 — Importance Factor 1.5 (essential facility)"
- "OSHPD/HCAI pre-approval required (California healthcare)"
−default: "Not required"
+default: deferred
```
+### The Seismic Design Category and Importance Factor are established by the project's structural design; the electrical scope adopts them rather than setting them. {note}
+
### Where required by the applicable building code, the UPS and the battery enclosure shall be seismically certified by shake-table testing per ICC ES AC156 or by analysis per ASCE 7.
…6 unchanged lines
## Topology Classification {toc}
+### The UPS topology shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: UPS Topology (IEC 62040-3 Classification)
…16 unchanged lines
## Transformer-Free vs. Transformer-Based {toc}
+### The power train construction shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Power Train Construction
…2 unchanged lines
- "Transformer-free (transformerless)"
- "Transformer-based (output isolation transformer)"
−default: "Transformer-free (transformerless)"
```
…10 unchanged lines
## Output Apparent Power {toc}
+### The output apparent power (kVA) rating shall be as indicated in the datasheet and shall equal or exceed the connected critical load apparent power at the design load power factor, with the specified design margin.
+
```datasheet
label: Output Apparent Power Rating
…5 unchanged lines
max: 1500
setpoints: [1, 3, 6, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 160, 200, 300, 400, 500, 750, 1000, 1500]
−default: 100
+default: deferred
```
−### The output apparent power (kVA) rating shall equal or exceed the connected critical load apparent power at the design load power factor, with the specified design margin.
−
## Output Real Power {toc}
+### The rated output power factor shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Rated Output Power Factor
…12 unchanged lines
## Design Load Margin {toc}
+### The design load margin applied in sizing the UPS shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Design Load Margin
…14 unchanged lines
## Output Voltage and Configuration {toc}
+### The output voltage and configuration shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Output Voltage and Configuration
type: select
+drawing_ref: "one-line diagram"
options:
- "120V, 1Φ 2-wire"
…2 unchanged lines
- "480Y/277V, 3Φ 4-wire"
- "480V, 3Φ 3-wire (with downstream PDU transformer)"
−default: "208Y/120V, 3Φ 4-wire"
+default: deferred
```
…6 unchanged lines
## Crest Factor and Nonlinear Load Capability {toc}
+### The UPS shall sustain the rated load at the peak-to-RMS current crest factor indicated in the datasheet without exceeding its output voltage distortion limit or derating.
+
```datasheet
label: Rated Load Crest Factor
…2 unchanged lines
- "3:1 (standard nonlinear / IT load)"
- "2.5:1"
− - "Linear load only"
+ - "Linear load (no nonlinear capability)"
default: "3:1 (standard nonlinear / IT load)"
```
−### The UPS shall sustain the rated load at the specified peak-to-RMS current crest factor without exceeding its output voltage distortion limit or derating.
−
### Switch-mode power supplies draw current in narrow peaks with a crest factor near 3:1, and a UPS rated only for linear loads will distort its output or derate when it sees this current; specifying a 3:1 crest factor confirms the unit was designed for real IT loads. {note}
## Output Voltage Distortion {toc}
+### The output voltage total harmonic distortion shall not exceed the value indicated in the datasheet into the IEC 62040-3 nonlinear reference load at full rated load.
+
```datasheet
label: Maximum Output Voltage THD into Nonlinear Reference Load
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### The output voltage total harmonic distortion shall not exceed the specified value into the IEC 62040-3 nonlinear reference load at full rated load.
+### Output voltage THD shall be stated into a nonlinear reference load, not into a linear load, because a UPS that looks clean on a resistive load can distort badly under the real nonlinear load it will serve.
−### Output voltage THD shall be stated into a nonlinear reference load, not into a linear load, because a UPS that looks clean on a resistive load can distort badly under the real nonlinear load it will serve. {note}
−
## Output Voltage Regulation {toc}
+### Steady-state output voltage shall be regulated within the tolerance indicated in the datasheet across the full load and battery range.
+
```datasheet
label: Steady-State Output Voltage Regulation
…7 unchanged lines
```
−### Steady-state output voltage shall be regulated within the specified tolerance across the full load and battery range.
−
### Transient output voltage deviation for a 100 percent load step shall recover within the manufacturer's published settling time and shall be within the IEC 62040-3 dynamic performance classification specified for the load.
## Output Frequency {toc}
+### The output frequency shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Output Frequency
…6 unchanged lines
```
+### 60 Hz is the North American norm and is the datasheet default; the 50 Hz rating exists for equipment serving a 50 Hz system and is a distinct product selection. {note}
+
### On battery, the output frequency shall be held to the inverter's internal reference within the manufacturer's published tolerance, independent of any input frequency.
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## Input Current Harmonic Distortion {toc}
+### The input current total harmonic distortion at full load shall not exceed the value indicated in the datasheet, with any input filter required to achieve it furnished with the UPS.
+
```datasheet
label: Maximum Input Current THD (THDi) at Full Load
…4 unchanged lines
- "5% THDi"
- "10% THDi"
− - "Higher than 10% (input filter required to meet IEEE 519)"
+ - "Higher than 10% with an input filter to meet IEEE 519"
default: "3% THDi (active PFC rectifier)"
```
−### The input current total harmonic distortion at full load shall not exceed the specified value, with any input filter required to achieve it furnished with the UPS.
−
### A modern active power-factor-corrected rectifier holds input THDi below about 3 percent and input power factor near unity across the load range, which limits the harmonic burden the UPS places on the upstream system and on any generator; older rectifiers draw highly distorted current that can force upstream equipment and generators to be oversized. {note}
…2 unchanged lines
## Input Power Factor {toc}
+### The input power factor at full load shall not be less than the value indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Minimum Input Power Factor at Full Load
…6 unchanged lines
```
−### The input power factor at full load shall not be less than the specified value.
−
## Input Walk-In and Inrush {toc}
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## Energy Storage Technology {toc}
+### The energy storage technology shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Energy Storage Technology
…3 unchanged lines
- "Lithium-ion (NFPA 855 / UL 9540 applies)"
- "Vented lead-acid (VLA)"
−default: "Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA)"
```
…8 unchanged lines
## Autonomy {toc}
+### The battery autonomy at the design load shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Battery Autonomy at Design Load
−type: select
+type: range
unit: min
drawing_ref: "UPS schedule"
options:
− - "5 minutes (generator-backed, ride-through to generator start)"
− - "10 minutes (generator-backed, with margin)"
− - "15 minutes"
− - "30 minutes"
− - "60 minutes (no generator / extended ride-through)"
−default: "10 minutes (generator-backed, with margin)"
+ min: 5
+ max: 60
+ setpoints: [5, 10, 15, 30, 60]
+default: deferred
```
…6 unchanged lines
### The battery shall be sized per IEEE 1184 at the design load in watts, accounting for the inverter efficiency, the minimum end-of-discharge voltage, the design autonomy, the minimum battery temperature, and an aging factor so that the autonomy is met at end of battery life.
−### The runtime sizing shall use the constant-power (watts) discharge method appropriate to a UPS, not a constant-current method, because the inverter draws increasing current from the battery as the battery voltage falls during a discharge. {note}
+### The runtime sizing shall use the constant-power (watts) discharge method appropriate to a UPS, not a constant-current method, because the inverter draws increasing current from the battery as the battery voltage falls during a discharge.
### The runtime sizing shall be performed at the design load, and the resulting autonomy at other load fractions shall be reported, because runtime is not linear with load. {note}
## Battery Arrangement {toc}
+### The physical arrangement of the energy storage subsystem shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Battery Arrangement
…4 unchanged lines
- "Open battery rack in a dedicated battery room"
- "Integrated lithium-ion battery cabinet with BMS"
−default: "Matching external battery cabinet(s)"
```
+### The string configuration shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Battery String Configuration
…2 unchanged lines
- "Single string"
- "Multiple parallel strings (string redundancy / extended runtime)"
−default: "Single string"
```
+### The arrangement and the string configuration both follow from the selected technology, the required autonomy, and the space available, so neither field carries a default. {note}
+
### Each battery string shall have its own overcurrent and disconnecting means so that a string can be isolated for service without dropping the others.
…8 unchanged lines
## Battery Ventilation {toc}
+### The hydrogen ventilation provided for the battery space shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Battery Space Hydrogen Ventilation
…4 unchanged lines
- "Continuous mechanical ventilation"
- "Mechanical ventilation initiated by hydrogen detection"
−default: "Continuous mechanical ventilation"
```
+### The required ventilation follows from the energy storage technology selected and the size of the installation, so the field carries no default. {note}
+
### Where VRLA or vented batteries are used, the battery space shall be ventilated to keep hydrogen below 25 percent of its lower flammable limit (1 percent by volume in air), in accordance with the applicable building and fire codes.
…2 unchanged lines
# Bypass {toc}
−## A UPS has two distinct bypass paths — an internal static (electronic) bypass for fast automatic transfer and an external maintenance (wraparound) bypass for servicing the unit — and both shall be provided for a system that must remain energized during service. {note}
+## A UPS has two distinct bypass paths — an internal static (electronic) bypass for fast automatic transfer and an external maintenance (wraparound) bypass for servicing the unit — and both shall be provided for a system that must remain energized during service.
## Internal Static Bypass {toc}
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### The static bypass shall retransfer the load to the inverter automatically when the fault clears and the inverter is synchronized, without an out-of-phase break.
−### The inverter and the bypass source shall be kept in synchronism within the manufacturer's settable window so that a static transfer in either direction is seamless to the load. {note}
+### The inverter and the bypass source shall be kept in synchronism within the manufacturer's settable window so that a static transfer in either direction is seamless to the load.
−### The static bypass shall be rated to carry the full load continuously and to pass the downstream fault current required to clear a branch overcurrent device, so that a downstream fault is cleared selectively rather than collapsing the inverter. {note}
+### The static bypass shall be rated to carry the full load continuously and to pass the downstream fault current required to clear a branch overcurrent device, so that a downstream fault is cleared selectively rather than collapsing the inverter.
## External Maintenance Bypass {toc}
+### Whether an external maintenance bypass is furnished with the UPS shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: External Maintenance (Wraparound) Bypass
…9 unchanged lines
### The external maintenance bypass shall be a make-before-break device, so that the transfer of the load to and from the bypass occurs with no interruption to the load.
−### The maintenance bypass shall include positive isolation (a means to lock out the UPS input and output) so that a technician can work on a de-energized UPS while the load is carried on bypass. {note}
+### The maintenance bypass shall include positive isolation (a means to lock out the UPS input and output) so that a technician can work on a de-energized UPS while the load is carried on bypass.
### A UPS without a maintenance bypass forces the entire critical load onto raw utility, or a planned shutdown, every time the unit needs service; the absence of a maintenance bypass is a frequent and costly omission that surfaces only when the first service event arrives. {note}
−### Where the UPS is part of a redundant (N+1 or 2N) system in which any single unit can be fully isolated and serviced while the others carry the load, a per-unit maintenance bypass may be omitted if the system design provides equivalent concurrent maintainability. {note}
+### Where the UPS is part of a redundant (N+1 or 2N) system in which any single unit can be fully isolated and serviced while the others carry the load, a per-unit maintenance bypass may be omitted provided the system design gives equivalent concurrent maintainability.
# Redundancy {toc}
## Redundancy Configuration {toc}
+### The system redundancy configuration shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: System Redundancy Configuration
…5 unchanged lines
- "2N (two fully independent systems)"
- "Dual-bus / 2(N+1) (two independent redundant systems)"
−default: "N (single module, no redundancy)"
```
…10 unchanged lines
## Operating Mode {toc}
+### The normal operating mode of the UPS shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Normal Operating Mode
…13 unchanged lines
## Efficiency {toc}
+### The double-conversion efficiency at the expected operating load shall not be less than the value indicated in the datasheet, measured per the ENERGY STAR or DoE test method.
+
```datasheet
label: Minimum Efficiency at Rated Load (Double-Conversion Mode)
−type: select
+type: range
unit: '%'
options:
− - "94%"
− - "95%"
− - "96%"
− - "97%"
−default: "96%"
+ min: 94
+ max: 97
+ setpoints: [94, 95, 96, 97]
+default: 96
```
−### The double-conversion efficiency at the expected operating load shall not be less than the specified value, measured per the ENERGY STAR or DoE test method.
+### Efficiency shall be evaluated at the expected operating load fraction, not only at full load, because UPS efficiency falls at low load and most units operate well below nameplate; a unit efficient at 100 percent load may be poor at the 30 to 50 percent load it actually carries.
−### Efficiency shall be evaluated at the expected operating load fraction, not only at full load, because UPS efficiency falls at low load and most units operate well below nameplate; a unit efficient at 100 percent load may be poor at the 30 to 50 percent load it actually carries. {note}
+### Whether an ENERGY STAR listing is required shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
```datasheet
…3 unchanged lines
- "Required (ENERGY STAR listed)"
- "Not required"
−default: "Required (ENERGY STAR listed)"
```
−### Where specified, the UPS shall be listed under the ENERGY STAR program for uninterruptible power supplies.
+### Where the datasheet requires it, the UPS shall be listed under the ENERGY STAR program for uninterruptible power supplies.
+### An ENERGY STAR listing is a procurement screen tied to the Owner's energy program and to any utility incentive pursued, so the field carries no default. {note}
+
# Monitoring and Communications {toc}
## Communications Interfaces {toc}
+### The UPS shall provide the network communications interfaces indicated in the datasheet for monitoring and for orderly shutdown signaling to the protected equipment.
+
```datasheet
label: Network Communications Protocols
…5 unchanged lines
- "Web/HTTPS interface"
- "USB / serial (local)"
−default: "SNMP (network management)"
+default:
+ - "SNMP (network management)"
+ - "Web/HTTPS interface"
```
−### The UPS shall provide the specified network communications interface(s) for monitoring and for orderly shutdown signaling to the protected equipment.
−
### BACnet or Modbus points reported to the building management system shall be coordinated with [[sync/electrical-rooms]] and the facility monitoring scope.
## Dry-Contact Indications {toc}
+### The UPS shall provide dry-contact outputs for the status points indicated in the datasheet, wired to a terminal block for connection to the facility annunciator, building management system, or SCADA.
+
```datasheet
label: Dry-Contact Status Points
…7 unchanged lines
- "Overload"
- "Battery test fail / battery fault"
−default: "Summary alarm (UPS fault)"
+default:
+ - "On battery (input power failed)"
+ - "Low battery / shutdown imminent"
+ - "On static bypass"
+ - "On maintenance bypass"
+ - "Summary alarm (UPS fault)"
+ - "Overload"
+ - "Battery test fail / battery fault"
```
−### The UPS shall provide dry-contact outputs for the specified status points, wired to a terminal block for connection to the facility annunciator, building management system, or SCADA.
−
### The UPS shall provide local visual indication of its operating state — normal, on battery, on bypass, and fault — and an audible alarm for the on-battery and fault conditions.
…6 unchanged lines
## EPO Interface {toc}
+### The emergency power off interface shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Emergency Power Off (EPO) Interface
type: radio
options:
- "Provided — remote EPO input wired to room EPO system"
− - "Provided — local EPO only"
+ - "Provided — local EPO"
- "Not provided"
−default: "Provided — remote EPO input wired to room EPO system"
```
+### Whether an EPO is required, and whether it must be remote, follows from whether the space is governed by NFPA 70 Article 645 and from the room EPO design, so the field carries no default. {note}
+
### Where the UPS serves a space requiring emergency power off under NFPA 70 Article 645, the UPS shall accept a remote EPO signal that disconnects the load and the battery and shuts down the UPS, in coordination with the room EPO system.
−### Activation of the EPO shall disconnect the UPS output and open the battery, so that the EPO truly de-energizes the critical load and is not bypassed by the stored energy in the battery. {note}
+### Activation of the EPO shall disconnect the UPS output and open the battery, so that the EPO truly de-energizes the critical load and is not bypassed by the stored energy in the battery.
### The EPO wiring and its coordination with any disconnection of the room HVAC and other systems shall be [[drawing: as shown on the EPO control diagram]].
−### A miswired or uncoordinated EPO is a known cause of both unintended outages (nuisance trips) and of a failure to truly de-energize during an emergency; the EPO circuit shall be verified end to end during commissioning. {note}
+### A miswired or uncoordinated EPO is a known cause of both unintended outages (nuisance trips) and of a failure to truly de-energize during an emergency; the EPO circuit shall be verified end to end during commissioning.
# Grounding {toc}
…19 unchanged lines
### The UPS heat rejection at the expected operating load shall be coordinated with the room cooling so that the space stays within the UPS and battery rated temperature, per [[sync/electrical-rooms]].
−### UPS losses appear as heat in the room, and a UPS that is efficient at full load still rejects meaningful heat at part load; the room cooling shall be sized to the actual heat rejection, not assumed negligible. {note}
+### UPS losses appear as heat in the room, and a UPS that is efficient at full load still rejects meaningful heat at part load; the room cooling shall be sized to the actual heat rejection, not assumed negligible.
## Conductor Connections {toc}
…15 unchanged lines
### An arc-flash warning label per NFPA 70E shall be applied to the UPS and the battery enclosure.
−### A label shall warn that multiple sources are present and that the load may be energized from the bypass or the battery even when the input is open. {note}
+### A label shall warn that multiple sources are present and that the load may be energized from the bypass or the battery even when the input is open.
# Testing and Commissioning {toc}
## Factory Tests {toc}
+### Factory acceptance test witnessing shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Factory Test Witnessing
…36 unchanged lines
- "Alarms, dry contacts, and communications verified"
- "Bypass synchronization verified"
−default: "Battery discharge / autonomy verification against IEEE 1184"
+default:
+ - "Connections, grounding, and phase rotation verified"
+ - "Load (bank) test at rated or maximum available load"
+ - "Battery discharge / autonomy verification against IEEE 1184"
+ - "Static bypass transfer and retransfer verified"
+ - "Make-before-break maintenance bypass verified under load"
+ - "EPO verified (output and battery disconnected)"
+ - "Alarms, dry contacts, and communications verified"
+ - "Bypass synchronization verified"
```
…10 unchanged lines
## The UPS and the battery shall be delivered in the manufacturer's packaging and protected from moisture, dust, and physical damage until installed.
−## Batteries shall be stored within the manufacturer's temperature range and shall receive a refreshing charge at the manufacturer's recommended interval if storage is prolonged, because a battery left uncharged on the shelf loses capacity and may be damaged. {note}
+## Batteries shall be stored within the manufacturer's temperature range and shall receive a refreshing charge at the manufacturer's recommended interval if storage is prolonged, because a battery left uncharged on the shelf loses capacity and may be damaged.
## Lithium-ion batteries shall be stored, handled, and transported in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the applicable shipping and fire regulations.
# Warranty {toc}
+## The UPS unit warranty period shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: UPS Unit Warranty
…6 unchanged lines
```
+## The energy storage warranty shall be as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Energy Storage Warranty
…4 unchanged lines
- "Lithium-ion — 5 years"
- "Lithium-ion — 10 years"
−default: "VRLA — 2 year full"
```
+## The energy storage warranty terms available depend on the technology selected, so the field carries no default. {note}
+
## The UPS and the energy storage subsystem shall be warranted by the manufacturer against defects in materials and workmanship for the specified periods.
−## The battery warranty terms, including any prorated portion and the temperature conditions on which the warranty depends, shall be confirmed by the Engineer before the submittal is accepted. {note}
+## The battery warranty terms, including any prorated portion and the temperature conditions on which the warranty depends, shall be confirmed by the Engineer before the submittal is accepted.
# Spare Parts {toc}
+## Spare parts and provisions shall be furnished as indicated in the datasheet.
+
```datasheet
label: Spare Parts and Provisions
…3 unchanged lines
- "Spare cooling fans (one set)"
- "Spare input/output fuses (one set of each rating)"
− - "Spare battery modules / blocks (per manufacturer recommendation)"
− - "Manufacturer software and licenses for monitoring"
−default: "Spare cooling fans (one set)"
+ - "Spare battery modules / blocks"
+ - "Software and licenses for monitoring"
+default:
+ - "Spare cooling fans (one set)"
+ - "Spare input/output fuses (one set of each rating)"
+ - "Software and licenses for monitoring"
```
## Spare parts, where provided, shall be the same type and rating as those installed and shall be stored in the electrical or UPS room, labeled with the equipment they serve.
## A maintenance and replacement contract should be considered for mission-critical UPS systems, because the battery is a consumable with a defined service life and the system's value depends on the battery being replaced before it fails an in-service discharge. {note}