Steel

Standards

• Applied Fireproofing

  Spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRM) and intumescent fire-resistive materials (IFRM) applied to structural steel, structural concrete, and composite steel deck to achieve hourly fire-resistance ratings required by the International Building Code. Covers cementitious SFRM and mineral-fiber SFRM applied to concealed structural framing, and intumescent mastic and thin-film intumescent coatings applied to exposed-to-view structural steel where architectural finish is required. Addresses surface preparation, primer compatibility, application thickness based on W/D and A/P ratios, density, bond and cohesion/adhesion, in-place verification per AWCI Technical Manual 12-A, ICC-ES AC23 acceptance criteria, and inspection of installed work prior to concealment by ceilings, walls, and finishes.

• Cold-Formed Metal Framing

  Structural cold-formed steel framing designed under AISI S100 and AISI S240 and, where the framing participates in a seismic force-resisting system, AISI S400. Covers load-bearing stud walls, exterior non-load-bearing wind-bearing wall framing in both infill and bypass arrangements, cold-formed steel floor joists, roof rafters, and trusses, cold-formed steel shear walls and braced walls, and the parapet, canopy, and soffit framing that carries calculated load. Addresses the division of design responsibility between the Engineer of Record and the specialty engineer, sheet steel and metallic coating selection, member designation and identification, out-of-plane deflection criteria, movement accommodation at the head of wall, bridging and bracing, screwed, welded, powder-actuated, clinched, and bolted connections, opening and built-up member framing, web penetrations and field modification, erection tolerances, listed fire-resistance-rated assemblies, and field inspection.

• Metal Lockers

  Factory-fabricated sheet-steel lockers and their doors, latching, locking, trim, interior equipment, and anchorage, in knocked-down or welded construction, for school corridors, athletic and team rooms, employee and industrial change rooms, public recreation, and day-use storage. Covers substrate selection and corrosion protection, component sheet thickness, tier and opening configuration, door ventilation, latching and locking including electronic locks, powder-coat finish performance, tops, bases and closure trim, accessible lockers under the ADA Standards and ICC A117.1, and floor, wall, and seismic anchorage.

• Metal Stairs and Railings

  Shop-fabricated metal stairs and railing systems for commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings — egress and convenience stairs built as steel pan stairs with concrete fill, steel plate (formed plate) stairs, and bar-grating-tread stairs, including their stringers, treads, risers, landings, and supporting framing, together with the handrails and guards (guardrails) of steel, aluminum, or stainless pipe, tube, and picket. Covers structural design for the IBC stair uniform live load and concentrated load, deflection and vibration serviceability, tread and riser dimensions and slip-resistant nosings to the IBC means-of-egress provisions, the IBC structural loads on handrails and guards (concentrated, uniform, and infill), shop and field welding to AWS D1.1, bolted and anchored connections, hot-dip galvanizing and shop priming, and field finishing.

• Metal Wall Panels

  Exterior metal cladding installed on the above-grade wall enclosure of commercial, institutional, and multifamily buildings. Covers the four principal panel families — factory-foamed insulated metal panels (IMP), single-skin formed and profiled panels, metal composite material panels (MCM/ACM), and flat plate or cassette panels — installed as concealed-fastener or exposed-fastener systems and, where specified, as pressure-equalized or drained-and-back-ventilated rainscreens. Addresses the air, water, structural, thermal, and fire performance the assembly shall demonstrate; the metal substrate and its gauge or thickness; the core and insulation type; the coil and panel finishes with their weathering warranties; the attachment, sub-girt, and support framing; the panel joints and sealants; the interface to flashing, trim, and the air/water barrier behind the panel; and the laboratory and field testing that verifies the installed wall. Addresses the NFPA 285 fire-propagation triggers in the IBC that govern combustible-core panels on Type I through IV construction.

• Miscellaneous Metals

  Utility steel items shop-fabricated for a building or plant that are not part of the primary frame on the structural drawings and carry no architectural finish requirement: fixed vertical ladders with their ladder safety systems or personal fall arrest anchorage, ship's ladders and alternating tread devices, loose steel lintels and masonry shelf angles shown outside the structural drawings, slab and curb edge angles and nosings, loose embedded steel furnished for casting into concrete by others (embed plates, weld plates, seat angles, and anchor channels serving the items of this standard and architectural metal fabrications), the angle frames of utility trench and pit covers, loose equipment supports, stands, and rooftop dunnage not furnished with the equipment, and unrated steel pipe guard posts and column and door-jamb guards that protect building elements and equipment from impact. Covers the material grade for each product form, fasteners and anchors, the shop corrosion protection policy for interior and for exterior and masonry-embedded items, the OSHA and ANSI/ASSP A14.3 fall protection decision for fixed ladders, ship's ladder geometry, lintel bearing and shelf angle segmentation, embed anchorage, trench frame material and section, dunnage clearance and design responsibility, guard post size, fill, cap, and anchorage, exposed weld treatment, installation, delivery, and warranty, in commercial, institutional, industrial, water and wastewater, and multi-family buildings.

• Steel Deck

  Cold-formed steel floor and roof deck furnished and installed under the Steel Deck Institute standards: composite floor deck acting with the concrete slab above it, non-composite form deck serving as a permanent form, roof deck carrying the roofing assembly, and acoustical roof deck. Covers the division of design responsibility for the deck and its diaphragm, manufacturer and installer qualification, sheet steel and metallic coating selection, the basis for profile, depth, gauge, and section properties, diaphragm design basis, attachment to supports by arc spot welds, arc seam welds, powder-actuated fasteners, and screws, side-lap fastening, the deck's role in a composite slab including shoring, concrete placement loads, and the sequence for shear studs welded through the deck, roof deck uplift attachment and FM Approval, openings and their reinforcement, pour stops, closures, and sump pans, placement and OSHA decking requirements, field cutting and coating repair, field inspection under the SDI quality standard, delivery and storage, and the warranty for the deck work.

• Steel Joists

  Open-web steel joists and joist girders furnished by Steel Joist Institute member manufacturers under ANSI/SJI 100 and erected under ANSI/SJI 200. Covers K-series and KCS joists, LH-series and DLH-series long-span joists, G-series joist girders, and CJ-series composite joists. Addresses the delegated-design relationship between the Engineer of Record and the joist manufacturer, joist and erector qualification, chord and web steel selection, deflection and floor-vibration criteria, camber policy, bearing seat depth and end anchorage, bridging type and attachment, headers at framed openings, chord extensions, erection stability and erection bridging under OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart R, erection tolerances, shop coating selection, field touch-up, and field inspection of joist work.

• Structural Steel Connections

  The bolted and welded connections that join hot-rolled structural steel framing members into a load-carrying structure: simple shear connections, fully restrained and partially restrained moment connections, vertical and horizontal bracing connections and their gusset plates, column splices, and the steel side of column base plate connections. Covers the assignment of connection design responsibility under AISC 303, the joint condition (snug-tight, pretensioned, or slip-critical) for each connection class, high-strength bolt assemblies under ASTM F3125 and their finish, the RCSC pretensioning methods and pre-installation verification, faying surface slip class and treatment, bolt hole types, the backing, weld tab, and access hole configurations at connection groove welds, load sharing between bolts and welds, the connection provisions AISC 341 imposes on the seismic force-resisting system, bolting inspection, and the handling of fastener assemblies.

• Structural Steel Framing

  The hot-rolled structural steel frame of a building or structure designed by the Engineer of Record under ANSI/AISC 360: wide-flange beams, girders, and columns, hollow structural sections and pipe used as columns, braces, and beams, channels, angles, tees, plates, and bars, built-up members, crane runway beams, and the headed shear stud connectors, stiffeners, column base plates, and stabilizer plates furnished with them. Covers the material grade for each shape family, the material provisions the seismic force-resisting system imposes on members, fabricator and erector qualification, shop and erection drawings, cutting, hole forming, straightening, cambering, and member marking, architecturally exposed structural steel categories, the shop coating system and its boundary with applied fireproofing and field finishes, erection planning, temporary bracing, column base setting, erection tolerances and the post-erection survey, field touch-up, delivery and storage, and the warranty for the structural steel.

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